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Abbasi HN, Ahmad W, Shahzad KA, Lu X. Evaluating the potential of Abelmoschus esculentus, Solanum melongena, and Capsicum annuum spp. for nutrient and microbial reduction from wastewater in hybrid constructed wetland. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:293. [PMID: 38383675 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing engineered wetlands for the cultivation of vegetables can help to overcome the problems of water and food scarcity. These wetlands are primarily designed for wastewater treatment, and their efficiency and effectiveness can be improved by selecting an appropriate substrate. To investigate the potential for nutrient and microbial removal, the Abelmoschus esculentus, Solanum melongena, and Capsicum annuum L. plants were selected to grow in a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) under natural conditions. The removal efficiency of the A. esculentus, S. melongena, and C. annuum L. in the CW system varied between 59.8 to 68.5% for total phosphorous (TP), 40.3 to 53.1% for ammonium (NH4+), and 33.6 to 45.1% for total nitrogen (TN). The influent sample contained multiple pathogenic bacteria, including Alcaligenes faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, with Capsicum annuum exhibiting a positive association with 7 of the 11 detected species, whereas microbial removal efficiency was notably higher in the S. melongena bed, potentially attributed to temperature variations and plant-facilitated oxygen release rates. While utilizing constructed wetlands for vegetable cultivation holds promising potential to address the disparity between water and food supply and yield various environmental, economic, and social benefits, it is crucial to note that the wastewater source may contain heavy metals, posing a risk of their transmission to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Nawaz Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.
- School of Ennery and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khawar Ali Shahzad
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Xiwu Lu
- School of Ennery and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Dhole RR, Singh RN, Dhanapal R, Singla S, Ramkumar G, Muthuusamy R, Salmen SH, Alharbi SA, Narayanan M, Karuppusamy I. Impact assessment of natural variations in different weather factors on the incidence of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. and yellow vein mosaic disease in Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Environ Res 2023; 231:116209. [PMID: 37217129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, also renowned as the silver leaf whitefly, is among the most damaging polyphagous insect pests in many commercially important crops and commodities. A set of field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years i.e., 2018-2020, to investigate the role of variations in rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity on the abundance of B. tabaci in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). In the first experiment, the variety Arka Anamika was cultivated twice a year to analyse the incidence of B. tabaci concerning the prevailing weather factors and the overall pooled incidence recorded during the dry and wet season was 1.34 ± 0.51 to 20.03 ± 1.42 and 2.26 ± 1.08 to 18.3 ± 1.96, respectively. Similarly, it was observed that the highest number of B. tabaci catch (19.51 ± 1.64 whiteflies/3 leaves) was recorded in morning hours between 08:31 to 09:30 a.m. The Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease (YVMD) is a devastating disease of okra caused by begomovirus, for which B. tabaci acts as a vector. In another experiment, screening was conducted to check the relative susceptibility of three different varieties viz., ArkaAnamika, PusaSawani, and ParbhaniKranti against B. tabaci (incidence) and YVMD ((Percent Disease Incidence (PDI), Disease Severity Index (DSI), and Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC)). The recorded data was normalized by standard transformation and subjected to ANOVA for population dynamics and PDI. Pearson's rank correlation matrix and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have been used to relate the influences of various weather conditions on distribution and abundance. SPSS and R software were used to create the regression model for predicting the population of B. tabaci. Late sown PusaSawani evolved as a highly susceptible variety in terms of B. tabaci (24.83 ± 6.79 adults/3leaves; mean ± SE; N = 10) as well as YVMD i.e., PDI (38.00 ± 4.95 infected plants/50plants), DSI (71.6-96.4% at 30 DAS) and AUDPC (mean β-value = 0.76; R2 = 0.96) while early sown Parbhani Kranti least susceptible to both. However, the variety ArkaAnamika was observed as moderately susceptible to B. tabaci and its resultant disease. Moreover, environmental factors were predominantly responsible for regulating the population of insect pests in the field and hence its productivity like rainfall and relative humidity were negative while the temperature was positively correlated with B. tabaci (incidence) and YVMD (AUDPC). The findings are helpful for the farmers to choose need-based IPM strategies than timing-based, which would fit perfectly with the present agro-ecosystems in all ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam Ramakrishna Dhole
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Entomology, Narayan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Jamuhar, Sasaram, 821 305, Bihar, India
| | - Rajendra Nath Singh
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendran Dhanapal
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Entomology, Adhiparasakthi Horticultural College, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Ranipet, 632 506, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saurav Singla
- Department of Statistics, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Govindaraju Ramkumar
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560 089, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranganathan Muthuusamy
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational Research Institute, Hosur, 635 130, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovations, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Indira Karuppusamy
- Research Center for Strategic Materials, Corrosion Resistant Steel Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
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