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Pinstrup Joergensen AS, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Biering-Sørensen S, Byberg S, Camala L, Martins C, Rodrigues A, Aaby P, Stabell Benn C. Admission and mortality at the main neonatal intensive care unit in Guinea-Bissau. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018; 112:335-341. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Coutinho SR, Rehfeld JF, Holst JJ, Kulseng B, Martins C. Impact of weight loss achieved through a multidisciplinary intervention on appetite in patients with severe obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E91-E98. [PMID: 29360396 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00322.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The impact of lifestyle-induced weight loss (WL) on appetite in patients with obesity remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the short- and long-term impact of WL achieved by diet and exercise on appetite in patients with obesity. Thirty-five (22 females) adults with severe obesity (body mass index: 42.5 ± 5.0 kg/m2) underwent a 2-yr WL program focusing on diet and exercise. Body weight (BW), cardiovascular fitness (V̇o2max), appetite feelings, and plasma concentrations of insulin, active ghrelin (AG), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and cholecystokinin (CCK), in the fasting and postprandial states, were measured at baseline (B), week 4 (W4), and 1 and 2 yr (and average values for all fasting and postprandial time points computed). BW was significantly reduced and V̇o2max (ml·kg-1·min-1) increased at all time points compared with B (3.5, 8.1, and 8.4% WL and 7, 11, and 8% increase at W4 and 1 and 2 yr, respectively). Basal hunger and average hunger and desire to eat were significantly increased at 1 and 2 yr. Basal fullness was significantly increased at W4, and average ratings were reduced at 1 yr. Average AG and PYY were significantly increased, and insulin was reduced, at all time points compared with B. Average GLP-1 was reduced at W4, and CCK was increased at 2 yr. After lifestyle-induced WL, patients with severe obesity will, therefore, have to deal with increased hunger in the long term. In conclusion, sustained WL at 2 yr achieved with diet and exercise is associated with increased hunger feelings and ghrelin concentration but also increased postprandial concentrations of satiety hormones.
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Bæk O, Jensen KJ, Andersen A, Balé C, Martins C, Biering-Sørensen S, Poulsen A, Benn CS. Seasonal and sex-specific variations in haematological parameters in 4 to 5.5-month-old infants in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018; 111:30-37. [PMID: 28371872 PMCID: PMC5914425 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated seasonal and sex-specific variations in the haematological parameters and established reference ranges for these parameters in healthy 4 to 5.5-month-old infants in Guinea-Bissau. Methods Within a randomised trial of early measles vaccination, over a period of 13 months blood samples were collected from infants aged 4 to 5.5 months. Haematological parameters were determined by an automated cell counter and compared in linear regression models providing geometric mean ratios (GMR). Results Blood samples from 501 infants (n=248 boys, 49.5%) were obtained, and 285 (56.9%) were collected in the rainy season. Median age was 4.7 months (range 3.7 to 7.2 months). Eosinophil and platelet counts were lower in the dry season (December to May) than in the rainy season (GMR 0.79 [95% CI 0.68–0.92]) and 0.93 [0.87–1.00], respectively). The calculated reference ranges were wider and generally higher than those from a US population of comparable age, but neutrophil levels were notably lower in Guinea-Bissau. Conclusions The study indicated that eosinophil and platelet counts of infants were subject to seasonal variations. The reference ranges for haematological values were comparable to other African populations and corroborated that neutropenia regularly occurs in African infants.
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Martins C, Bollache E, Fascia P, Canu N. Étude des pratiques sur la prise en charge des infections urinaires basses en médecine générale. Med Mal Infect 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.04.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thysen SM, Fisker AB, Welaga P, Kagoné M, Mutua MK, Martins C, Hanifi SMA. Selecting the right indicators to ensure optimised implementation of BCG vaccination policy. Vaccine 2018; 36:3406-3407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cuevas N, Martins M, Rodrigo AP, Martins C, Costa PM. Explorations on the ecological role of toxin secretion and delivery in jawless predatory Polychaeta. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7635. [PMID: 29769587 PMCID: PMC5955894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivated by biotechnological prospects, there is increasing evidence that we may just be scraping the tip of the iceberg of poisonous marine invertebrates, among which the Polychaeta are promising candidates for bioprospecting. Here we show that an inconspicuous phyllodocid uses toxins in its uncanny feeding strategy. The worm, a jawless active predator characterised by its bright green colour, preys on larger invertebrates (including conspecifics) by extracting tissue portions with its powerful proboscis through suction. The animal is even able to penetrate through the valves and plates of live molluscs and barnacles. Observations in situ and a series of experiments demonstrated that the worm compensates its simple anatomy with secretion of a novel toxin, or mixture of toxins, referred to by us as "phyllotoxins". These are carried by mucus and delivered via repeated contact with the tip of the proboscis until the prey is relaxed or immobilised (reversibly). Proteolytic action permeabilises material to toxins and softens tissue to enable extraction by suction. The findings show that toxins are a major ecological trait and therefore play a key role in evolutionary success and diversification of Polychaeta, demonstrating also that understanding adaptative features may become the best showcase for novel animal toxins.
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Bonifácio D, Martins C, David B, Lemos C, Neves M, Almeida A, Pinto D, Faustino M, Cunha Â. Photodynamic inactivation of Listeria innocua
biofilms with food-grade photosensitizers: a curcumin-rich extract of Curcuma longa vs
commercial curcumin. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:282-294. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Boukhedouni N, Martins C, Darrigade A, Barrault C, Garnier J, Rambert J, Taieb A, Bernard F, Seneschal J, Boniface K. 1225 Paving the road to explain melanocyte loss in vitiligo: An uncovered role of matrix metalloprotease MMP9. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jacquemin C, Martins C, Taieb A, Seneschal J, Boniface K. 067 Highly functional skin NKG2D+ CD8+ effector memory T cells in vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Andersen A, Fisker AB, Rodrigues A, Martins C, Ravn H, Lund N, Biering-Sørensen S, Benn CS, Aaby P. National Immunization Campaigns with Oral Polio Vaccine Reduce All-Cause Mortality: A Natural Experiment within Seven Randomized Trials. Front Public Health 2018; 6:13. [PMID: 29456992 PMCID: PMC5801299 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent WHO review concluded that live BCG and measles vaccine (MV) may have beneficial non-specific effects (NSEs) reducing mortality from non-targeted diseases. NSEs of oral polio vaccine (OPV) were not examined. If OPV vaccination campaigns reduce the mortality rate, it would suggest beneficial NSEs. SETTING Between 2002 and 2014, Guinea-Bissau had 15 general OPV campaigns and other campaigns with OPV plus vitamin A supplementation (VAS), VAS-only, MV, and H1N1 vaccine. In this period, we conducted seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with mortality as main outcome. METHODS Within these RCTs, we assessed whether the mortality rate was lower after-campaign than before-campaign. We used Cox models with age as underlying time and further adjusted for low birth-weight, season and time trend in mortality. We calculated the adjusted mortality rate ratio (MRR) for after-campaign vs before-campaign. RESULTS The mortality rate was lower after OPV-only campaigns than before, the MRR being 0.81 (95% CI = 0.68-0.95). With each additional dose of campaign-OPV the mortality rate declined further (MRR = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79-0.96) per dose) (test for trend, p = 0.005). No other type of campaign had similar beneficial effects. Depending on initial age and with follow-up to 3 years of age, the number needed to treat with campaign-OPV-only to save one life was between 68 and 230 children. CONCLUSION Bissau had no case of polio infection so the results suggest that campaign-OPV has beneficial NSEs. Discontinuation of OPV-campaigns in low-income countries may affect general child mortality levels negatively.
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Boniface K, Jacquemin C, Martins C, Boukhedouni N, Ezzedine K, Taieb A, Seneschal J. 383 Vitiligo skin is imprinted with resident memory CD8 T cells expressing CXCR3. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jacquemin C, Martins C, Taieb A, Seneschal J, Boniface K. 355 NKG2D is highly expressed on IFNγ producing skin CD8+ effector memory T cells in vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ramalho MO, Martins C, Campos T, Nondillo A, Botton M, Bueno OC. Occurrence of 15 Haplotypes of Linepithema micans (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1841-1846. [PMID: 28541553 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ant genus Linepithema is widely known, thanks to the pest species Linepithema humile (Mayr), which is easily mistaken for Linepithema micans (Forel) due to their morphological similarity. Like L. humile, L. micans is associated to the main grapevine pest in Brazil, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille), also known as ground pearl. Therefore, the present study uses mtDNA fragments to expand the knowledge of haplotype diversity and distribution of L. micans in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), to understand the genetic differences of the populations identified in this study. We identified 15 haplotypes of L. micans spread across different localities. Twelve of these haplotypes were new for the species. The high haplotype diversity uncovered in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) for this species was predictable, as L. micans is in its native environment. Additional studies that take gene flow into account may reveal interesting aspects of diversity in these populations.
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Martins C, Aichhorn M, Biermann S. Coulomb correlations in 4d and 5d oxides from first principles-or how spin-orbit materials choose their effective orbital degeneracies. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:263001. [PMID: 28262638 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa648f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of spin-orbit coupling and Coulomb correlations has become a hot topic in condensed matter theory and is especially important in 4d and 5d transition metal oxides, like iridates or rhodates. Here, we review recent advances in dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT)-based electronic structure calculations for treating such compounds, introducing all necessary implementation details. We also discuss the evaluation of Hubbard interactions in spin-orbit materials. As an example, we perform DMFT calculations on insulating strontium iridate (Sr2IrO4) and its 4d metallic counterpart, strontium rhodate (Sr2RhO4). While a Mott-insulating state is obtained for Sr2IrO4 in its paramagnetic phase, the spectral properties and Fermi surfaces obtained for Sr2RhO4 show excellent agreement with available experimental data. Finally, we discuss the electronic structure of these two compounds by introducing the notion of effective spin-orbital degeneracy as the key quantity that determines the correlation strength. We stress that effective spin-orbital degeneracy introduces an additional axis into the conventional picture of a phase diagram based on filling and on the ratio of interactions to bandwidth, analogous to the degeneracy-controlled Mott transition in d1 perovskites.
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Martins C, Lima J, Nunes G, Borrego LM. Regulatory T and B Cells in Asthmatic Women: Variations From Pregnancy to Postpartum. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2017; 27:46-57. [PMID: 28211345 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Allergic asthma and rhinitis are common in pregnancy. The immune mechanisms underlying the effects of asthma on pregnancy and vice versa are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in regulatory T and B cells in asthmatic women from late pregnancy to postpartum. METHODS Four groups of women were enrolled for this study: asthmatic (n=23) and healthy (n=43) third trimester-pregnant women and asthmatic (n=33) and healthy (n=35) nonpregnant women. Pregnant women were also evaluated postpartum (>6 weeks after delivery). Blood samples were taken from each woman and flow cytometry was used to characterize circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs). Foxp3 expression was assessed in CD4DimCD25Hi Tregs. RESULTS Tregs did not vary significantly from pregnancy to postpartum in asthmatic or healthy women, but CD24HiCD38Hi Bregs decreased in pregnancy and increased significantly postpartum. Foxp3 expression in Tregs was also impaired during pregnancy in both asthmatic and healthy women, but recovered postpartum. Asthmatic pregnant women had higher Foxp3 expression levels than healthy pregnant women (P=.007), probably due to the use of control medication. CONCLUSIONS Women with controlled asthma showed variations in regulatory cell subsets during pregnancy and postpartum. A similar pattern was observed for Foxp3 expression and CD24HiCD38Hi Bregs during this period, corroborating the interaction between Tregs and Bregs in immune responses. Considering the immunomodulatory potential of these immune mediators, more studies are needed to evaluate their relationship with asthma and rhinitis complications in pregnancy.
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Øvrebø B, Strømmen M, Kulseng B, Martins C. Bariatric surgery versus lifestyle interventions for severe obesity: 5-year changes in body weight, risk factors and comorbidities. Clin Obes 2017; 7:183-190. [PMID: 28320081 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in body weight (BW), risk factors and comorbidities 5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or different lifestyle interventions are compared. A total of 209 (75% women) severe obese adults were non-randomly allocated to: (A) RYGB (n = 58), (B) weight loss (WL) camp (n = 30), (C) residential intermittent programme (n = 64) or (D) hospital outpatient programme (n = 57). Body weight, risk factors and comorbidities were assessed at baseline, 1 and 5 years. A total of 89 and 54% completed the 1- and 5-year follow-up. The RYGB group experienced more WL at 5 years (-23.9%, 95% CI [-27.7, -20.0]) compared with lifestyle groups: (B) (-9.2%, 95% CI [-16.9, -1.5]), (C) (-4.1%, 95% CI [-8.0, -0.1]) and (D) (-4.1 kg, 95% CI [-10.0, 1.8]) (all P < 0.001). No differences were observed between lifestyle groups, although groups B and C had significant WL after 5 years (all P < 0.05). Plasma glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were improved in the RYGB group at 5 years compared with lifestyle groups (all P < 0.05). More patients in the RYGB group experienced remission of hypertension (P < 0.05). RYGB was associated with a lower BW, improved blood parameters and hypertension remission compared with lifestyle interventions at 5 years. However, significant WL was also achieved with lifestyle interventions.
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Byberg S, Østergaard MD, Rodrigues A, Martins C, Benn CS, Aaby P, Fisker AB. Analysis of risk factors for infant mortality in the 1992-3 and 2002-3 birth cohorts in rural Guinea-Bissau. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177984. [PMID: 28542646 PMCID: PMC5436893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Though still high, the infant mortality rate in Guinea-Bissau has declined. We aimed to identify risk factors including vaccination coverage, for infant mortality in the rural population of Guinea-Bissau and assess whether these risk factors changed from 1992–3 to 2002–3. Methods The Bandim Health Project (BHP) continuously surveys children in rural Guinea-Bissau. We investigated the association between maternal and infant factors (especially DTP and measles coverage) and infant mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox regression. We tested for interactions with sex, age groups (defined by current vaccination schedule) and cohort to assess whether the risk factors were the same for boys and girls, in different age groups in 1992–3 and in 2002–3. Results The infant mortality rate declined from 148/1000 person years (PYRS) in 1992–3 to 124/1000 PYRS in 2002–3 (HR = 0.88;95%CI:0.77–0.99); this decline was significant for girls (0.77;0.64–0.94) but not for boys (0.97;0.82–1.15) (p = 0.10 for interaction). Risk factors did not differ significantly by cohort in either distribution or effect. Mortality decline was most marked among girls aged 9–11 months (0.56;0.37–0.83). There was no significant mortality decline for girls 1.5–8 months of age (0.93;0.68–1.28) (p = 0.05 for interaction). DTP and measles coverage increased from 1992–3 to 2002–3. Conclusions Risk factors did not change with the decline in mortality. Due to beneficial non-specific effects for girls, the increased coverage of measles vaccination may have contributed to the disproportional decline in mortality by sex and age group.
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Hansen NS, Byberg S, Hervig Jacobsen L, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Jensen AKG, Martins C, Aaby P, Skov Jensen J, Stabell Benn C, Whittle H. Effect of early measles vaccine on pneumococcal colonization: A randomized trial from Guinea-Bissau. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177547. [PMID: 28545041 PMCID: PMC5435222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles vaccine (MV) may have non-specific beneficial effects for child health and particularly seems to prevent respiratory infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia among children worldwide, and nasopharyngeal colonization precedes infection. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether providing early MV at 18 weeks of age reduced pneumococcal colonization and/or density up to 9 months of age. METHOD The study was conducted in 2013-2014 in Guinea-Bissau. Pneumococcal vaccine was not part of the vaccination program. Infants aged 18 weeks were block-randomized 2:1 to early or no early MV; at age 9 months, all children were offered MV as per current policy. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken at baseline, age 6.5 months, and age 9 months. Pneumococcal density was determined by q-PCR. Prevalence ratios of pneumococcal colonization and recent antibiotic treatment (yes/no) by age 6.5 months (PR6.5) and age 9 months (PR9) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance estimates while the pneumococcal geometric mean ratio (GMR6.5 and GMR9) was obtained using OLS regression. RESULTS Analyses included 512 children; 346 early MV-children and 166 controls. At enrolment, the pneumococcal colonization prevalence was 80% (411/512). Comparing early MV-children with controls, the PR6.5 was 1.02 (95%CI = 0.94-1.10), and the PR9 was 1.04 (0.96-1.12). The GMR6.5 was 1.02 (0.55-1.89), and the GMR9 was 0.69 (0.39-1.21). Early MV-children tended to be less frequently treated with antibiotics prior to follow up (PR6.5 0.60 (0.34-1.05) and PR9 0.87 (0.50-1.53)). Antibiotic treatment was associated with considerably lower colonization rates, PR6.5 0.85 (0.71-1.01) and PR9 0.66 (0.52-0.84), as well as lower pneumococcal density, GMR6.5 0.32 (0.12-0.86) and GMR9 0.52 (0.18-1.52). CONCLUSION Early MV at age 18 weeks had no measurable effect on pneumococcal colonization prevalence or density. Higher consumption of antibiotics among controls may have blurred an effect of early MV. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov NCT01486355.
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Mota I, Martins C, Borrego LM. Regulatory B cells and Allergy: uncovering the link. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2017; 27:0. [PMID: 28345522 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Byberg S, Thysen SM, Rodrigues A, Martins C, Cabral C, Careme M, Aaby P, Benn CS, Fisker AB. A general measles vaccination campaign in urban Guinea-Bissau: Comparing child mortality among participants and non-participants. Vaccine 2016; 35:33-39. [PMID: 27890397 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles vaccination campaigns targeting children aged 9-59months are conducted every three years in Guinea-Bissau. Studies have demonstrated beneficial non-specific effects of measles vaccine. We compared mortality one year after the December 2012 measles vaccination campaign in Bissau city for children who received campaign measles vaccine with children who did not receive campaign measles vaccine. METHODS Field workers from Bandim Health Project registered all children living in the Bandim Health Project's study area who received measles vaccination at the campaign posts. Children not seen during the campaign were visited at home and campaign participation status was assessed. We compared mortality rates of participants vs. non-participants in Cox regression models. RESULTS 5633 children aged 9-59months (85%) received campaign measles vaccination and 1006 (15%) did not. During the subsequent year 16 children died. Adjusted for background factors, the hazard ratio (HR) comparing measles vaccinated versus unvaccinated was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.10-0.77). The benefit was larger for girls (HR: 0.17 (0.05-0.59)) and for children who had received routine measles vaccine before the campaign (HR: 0.15 (0.04-0.63)). CONCLUSIONS We found indications of strong beneficial non-specific effects of receiving measles vaccine during the 2012 campaign, especially for girls and children with previous routine measles vaccination. Measles vaccination campaigns may be an effective way of improving child survival.
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Cakmak M, Hassan M, Unsal E, Martins C. Erratum: "A fast real time measurement system to track in and out of plane optical retardation/birefringence, true stress, and true strain during biaxial stretching of polymer films" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 123901 (2012)]. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:119901. [PMID: 27910675 DOI: 10.1063/1.4968027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Ramalho MO, Martins C, Silva LMR, Martins VG, Bueno OC. Molecular Profile of the Brazilian Weaver Ant Camponotus textor Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:463-470. [PMID: 27116002 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Camponotus textor Forel is, to date, the only weaver ant recorded from Brazil, and all existing studies on the species are restricted to describing its weaving and nesting behaviors. The aim of this work is to establish the molecular profile of the species. We sampled eight different colonies by sequencing mitochondrial genes (COI, transfer DNA (tRNA), and an intergenic spacer) and the nuclear gene 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). We then assessed haplotype diversity and also analyzed distribution patterns of this species based on the correlation between genetic and geographic distances. Our results provide an additional tool for species identification by identifying new regions that can be used as molecular markers for barcoding (such as the intergenic spacer (IGS) and tRNA-Leu). In addition, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. textor has features that could be associated with deep population divergences. We identified a wide range of mitotypes and three distinct groups, suggesting a possible reduction of gene flow between colonies.
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Noronha RCR, Barros LMR, Araújo REF, Marques DF, Nagamachi CY, Martins C, Pieczarka JC. New insights of karyoevolution in the Amazonian turtles Podocnemis expansa and Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines, Podocnemidae). Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:73. [PMID: 27708713 PMCID: PMC5039792 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytogenetic studies were conducted in the Brazilian Amazon turtles, Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1912 (PEX) and Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848 (PUN) to understand their karyoevolution. Their chromosomal complements were compared using banding techniques (C, G-, Ag-NOR and Chromomycin A3) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and efforts were made to establish evolutionary chromosomal relationships within the Podocnemidae family. RESULTS Our results revealed that both species have a chromosome complement of 2n = 28. For PEX and PUN, the fundamental numbers (FNs) were 54 and 52, respectively and the karyotypic formulas (KFs) were 24 m/sm + 2st + 2a and 22 m/sm + 2st + 4a, respectively. G-banding evidenced homologies between the two species and allowed identify a heteromorphic pair (chromosome pair 10) in PUN. In PEX, constitutive heterochromatin (CH) was found in the centromeric regions of pairs 1, 2, 4, 6 and 11 and on 9p. In PUN, CH was observed in the centromeric regions of all chromosomes, and in small proximal bands on 1p, 2p, 3q, 4q, 5q, 9q, 10q and 11q. Moreover, CH amplification was seen in one of the homologs of pair 10 (the heteromorphic pair). The CMA3 staining results were consistent with the CH findings. Ag-NOR staining showed that nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) were localized in the pericentromeric region of pair 1 in both species, and this result was confirmed by the 18S rDNA FISH probe. FISH with telomeric probes identified telomeric sequences in the distal regions of all chromosomes. In addition, interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) were present in seven chromosome pairs of PUN, perhaps reflecting the amplification of telomere-like sequences. FISH with a probe against the transposable element (TE), Rex 6, revealed that it is dispersed in euchromatic regions of the first chromosome pairs of both species. This is the first report describing the FISH-based analysis of PEX and PUN for the 18S rDNA, Rex 6 and human telomeric sequences. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to clarifying the chromosomal homologies and rearrangement mechanisms that occurred during the evolution of these species, and may help researchers uncover new markers that will improve our understanding of the taxonomy and systematic classification of Podocnemidae. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN ISRCTN73824458. Registered 28 September 2014. Retrospectively registered.
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Rodrigues A, Claro M, Alexandre-Pires G, Santos-Mateus D, Martins C, Valério-Bolas A, Rafael-Fernandes M, Pereira MA, Pereira da Fonseca I, Tomás AM, Santos-Gomes G. Leishmania infantum antigens modulate memory cell subsets of liver resident T lymphocyte. Immunobiology 2016; 222:409-422. [PMID: 27615509 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, the liver has been recognized as an important immune organ with major regulatory functions and immune memory, adding to the well-described vital metabolic functions. There are evidences from experimental infections performed with visceral Leishmania species that immune responses to parasite infection can be organ-specific. The liver is the compartment of acute resolving infection, with minimal tissue damage and resistance to reinfection, whereas the spleen is the compartment of parasite persistence. Control of hepatic infection in mice requires a coordinated immune response that involves the development of inflammatory granulomas. It is also described that the liver harbors populations of resident lymphocytes, which may exhibit memory characteristics. Therefore, the present study aims to address the role of the liver as an immune memory organ in the context of Leishmania infantum infection, by characterizing phenotypically resident liver T lymphocytes. The dynamics of memory T cells in L. infantum infected BALB/c mice and the effect of anti-leishmanial treatment in the differentiation of memory cell subsets were analyzed. The potential of recognition, differentiation and selection of memory lymphocytes by three L. infantum recombinant proteins were also explored. L. infantum infection generates effector and central memory T cells, but the cells did not expand when recalled, demonstrating a possible parasite silencing effect. The treatment with a leishmanicidal drug (antimoniate meglumine) increases the levels of memory and effector T cells, eliciting a more robust hepatic immune response. L. infantum parasites with a decreased sensitivity to the leishmanicidal drug favor the expansion of memory CD8+ T cell subset, but inhibit the proliferation of CD8+ T effector cells, possibly assuring their own survival. The recombinant proteins LirCyp1 and LirSOD are strongly recognized by memory cells of treated mice, indicating that these proteins might be used in a prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine formulation. Thus, L. infantum released antigens induce the development of immune memory subsets in the liver resident T cell population that specifically recognized parasite antigens, including recombinant proteins.
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Folkedal O, Pettersen JM, Bracke MBM, Stien LH, Nilsson J, Martins C, Breck O, Midtlyng PJ, Kristiansen T. On-farm evaluation of the Salmon Welfare Index Model (SWIM 1.0): theoretical and practical considerations. Anim Welf 2016. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.25.1.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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