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Bewley WW, Canedy CL, Kim CS, Kim M, Merritt CD, Abell J, Vurgaftman I, Meyer JR. Continuous-wave interband cascade lasers operating above room temperature at λ = 4.7-5.6 μm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:3235-3240. [PMID: 22330561 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.003235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have substantially improved the performance of interband cascade lasers emitting at λ = 4.7 and 5.6 μm, by applying the recently-pioneered approach of heavily doping the injector regions to rebalance the electron and hole concentrations in the active quantum wells. Ridges of ≈10 μm width, 4 mm length, and high-reflectivity back facets achieve maximum continuous wave operating temperatures of 60°C and 48°C, respectively. The threshold power density of ≈1 kW/cm2 at T = 25°C is over an order of magnitude lower than for state-of-the-art quantum cascade lasers emitting in this spectral range.
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Im JH, Park IS, Kim EY, Lee JS, Lim JH, Lee MH, Kim CS, Lee HJ, Yi HG. Disseminated Invasive Aspergillosis with Multiple Brain Abscess after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Treated Successfully with Voriconazole and Neurosurgical Intervention. Infect Chemother 2012. [DOI: 10.3947/ic.2012.44.5.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yoon KH, Kwon OK, Kim KS, Choi BS, Oh SH, Kim HS, Sim JS, Kim CS. Ring-resonator-integrated tunable external cavity laser employing EAM and SOA. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:25465-25470. [PMID: 22273939 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.025465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a tunable external cavity laser (ECL) composed of a polymer Bragg reflector (PBR) and integrated gain chip with gain, a ring resonator, an electro-absorption modulator (EAM), and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The cavity of the laser is composed of the PBR, gain, and ring resonator. The ring resonator reflects the predetermined wavelengths into the gain region and transmits the output signal into integrated devices such as the EAM and SOA. The output wavelength of the tunable laser is discretely tuned in steps of about 0.8 nm through the thermal-optic effect of the PBR and predetermined mode spacing of the ring resonator.
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Kim SK, Kang HS, Kim CS, Kim YT. The prevalence of anemia and iron depletion in the population aged 10 years or older. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2011; 46:196-9. [PMID: 22065976 PMCID: PMC3208204 DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2011.46.3.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Anemia and iron depletion continue to be common disorders in the world. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of anemia and iron depletion in apparently healthy Koreans aged 10 years or more. Methods We used the data of the 4th Korean National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), which assessed 7,607 individuals (3,337 males and 4,270 females). Iron depletion was defined as serum ferritin less than 15 ng/mL. Results In males, mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentration decreased after the age of 50. The prevalence of anemia was 7.1% in 60 to 69 year olds and 12.3% in men aged 70 or older. As for females, the prevalence of anemia was 8.8% in 15 to 17 year olds, 16.7% in 18 to 49 year olds, 10.9% in 60 to 69 year olds, and 18.2% women aged 70 or older. In males, the prevalence of iron depletion was 8.6% at ages 10 to 14 years, 3.9% at 15 to 17, and 2.6% at 70 years or older. In females, the prevalence of iron depletion was 17.2% at ages 10 to 14 years, 24.1% at 15 to 17, 33.0% at 18 to 49, and 5.7% at 70 years or older. Although normocytic anemia was most common in both males and females, the proportion of microcytosis and macrocytosis increased at age 70 or older. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia and iron depletion was high in women of reproductive age and in the elderly. Considering the rapid increase in the older population, an intervention to prevent anemia and iron depletion is imperative.
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Yi HG, Piao CZ, Kim I, Kim HJ, Oh SY, Kim JW, Kim DY, Lim JH, Seo MD, Park E, Yoon SS, Kim BK, Kim CS, Park S. DAAM2 polymorphism is closely related to the clinical outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2011; 91:571-6. [PMID: 21909696 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-011-1325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disheveled associated activator of morphogenesis 2 (DAAM2) is one of the key proteins of WNT/plantar cell polarity signaling pathway which is closely linked to oncogenesis, cellular proliferation and regeneration, and stem cell renewal. This study investigated the association of DAAM2 genetic polymorphism with the clinical outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We selected candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by DNA chip analysis using Illumina Infinium Human-1 microarrays™ on 15 patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT with (N = 7) or without (N = 8) acute graft versus host disease (GvHD). Six SNPs (rs2504787, rs2504086, rs2504082, rs3004067, rs882559, and rs3004070) of DAAM2 were associated with acute GvHD prevalence, and the genotyping was extended to larger population (N = 228). Medical records were reviewed to see the correlation of these SNPs with the clinical outcomes of the patients. In rs2504082 and rs882559, treatment-related mortality was significantly lower in major homozygote than other genotypes (29.3% in AA vs. 44.3% in AG or GG, p = 0.0214; 23.0% in CC vs. 39.9% in CG or GG, p = 0.0072, respectively). Acute GvHD incidence and engraftment time were significantly different according to the specific genotype of selected SNPS in this study. This study is the first report regarding the clinical value of DAAM2 polymorphism as a predictive marker of clinical outcomes of allogeneic HSCT.
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Kim HS, Park HJ, Kim CS, Lee JR. Combination of propofol and remifentanil target-controlled infusion for laryngeal mask airway insertion in children. Minerva Anestesiol 2011; 77:687-692. [PMID: 21364505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of remifentanil to propofol administration can improve the conditions for insertion of laryngeal mask airways (LMAs). However, the extent to which remifentanil reduces propofol requirements when both drugs are administered concomitantly via target-controlled infusion (TCI) in pediatric patients has not been adequately demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine the target concentration of propofol that is required for LMA insertion at three different remifentanil target concentrations (0, 2.5, and 5 ng kg(-1) min(-1)) during TCI in children. METHODS A total of 67 children, aged 2 to 12 years, were included, and anesthesia was conducted with TCI of propofol and remifentanil using the STELPUMP program. The children were assigned to three groups in a randomized, double-blind manner: propofol with saline (control group), propofol with 2.5 ng mL(-1) of remifentanil (low-remifentanil group), and propofol with 5.0 ng ml(-1) of remifentanil (high-remifentanil group). The EC(50) of propofol for LMA insertion at each target-concentration of remifentanil was determined using Dixon's up-and-down method, and the EC(50) of propofol in each group was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA by rank test. RESULTS The EC(50) for propofol was 5.18 mcg mL(-1) in the control group, 4.81 mcg ml(-1) in the low-remifentanil group, and 4.36 mcg mL(-1) in the high-remifentanil group, which was significantly different between the control group and the high-remifentanil group only (P<0.001). CONCLUSION A higher target concentration of remifentanil significantly reduced the propofol target concentration for LMA insertion during TCI of both drugs in children, but low concentrations of remifentanil failed to reduce the propofol requirement.
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Lee SJ, Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ. Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in FRTL5 thyroid cells. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:445-51. [PMID: 21590646 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1277182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has been shown to modulate cell death via PI3K/Akt signal pathway in various cells. In the present study, the effects of ALA on cell death and PI3K/Akt signal pathway linked to cell death-related proteins during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in FRTL5 thyroid cells were evaluated. In FRTL5 thyroid cells, cell viability increased by ALA pretreatment in tunicamycin (TN)-treated cells. When TN was treated, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) and Bax protein levels were elevated while Bcl-2 protein levels were reduced. ALA diminished CHOP and Bax protein levels, and augmented Bcl-2 protein levels in TN-treated cells. After exposure to TN, phospho-Akt protein levels were repressed whereas total Akt protein levels were not changed. ALA increased phospho-Akt protein levels but not total Akt protein levels in both non-TN-treated and TN-treated cells. After LY294002 administration in non-TN-treated cells, cell viability was reduced, and CHOP and Bax protein levels were elevated, and Bcl-2 protein levels were reduced. The CHOP, Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels were not different after LY294002 administration in TN-treated cells. LY294002 and wortmannin decreased cell viability, and increased CHOP and Bax protein levels, and decreased Bcl-2 protein levels in ALA-pretreated and TN-treated cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that ER stress may induce cell death by modulating PI3K/Akt signal pathway linked to cell death-related proteins in FRTL5 thyroid cells. Moreover, these findings imply that ALA may ameliorate ER stress-induced cell death by activating PI3K/Akt signal pathway and attenuating changes of cell death-related proteins in FRTL5 thyroid cells.
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Lee SJ, Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ. Effects of all-trans retinoic acid on sodium/iodide symporter and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein under condition of endoplasmic reticulum stress in FRTL5 thyroid cells. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:331-6. [PMID: 21225541 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In thyroid cells, the effects of all- TRANS retinoic acid (ATRA) on sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) under condition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have not been evaluated. In the present study, the relationships between NIS, CHOP, and p38 MAPK, and the effects of ATRA on NIS and CHOP expression as well as on p38 MAPK activation under condition of ER stress in thyroid cells were investigated. In FRTL5 thyroid cells, NIS mRNA and protein levels decreased following tunicamycin (TN) treatment, while CHOP mRNA and protein levels increased. In addition, while CHOP mRNA levels decreased after administration of tauro-UDCA and siCHOP, NIS mRNA levels were not altered. After pretreatment with SB203580, NIS mRNA levels decreased in non-TN-treated cells but increased in TN-treated cells. In contrast, CHOP mRNA levels decreased in both non-TN-treated and TN-treated cells. Exposure to ATRA decreased NIS mRNA levels in non-TN-treated cells but increased NIS mRNA levels in TN-treated cells. ATRA decreased CHOP mRNA levels in both non-TN-treated and TN-treated cells although the response was significant only in TN-treated cells. Phospho-p38 MAPK protein levels but not total p38 MAPK protein levels increased in TN-treated cells. ATRA attenuated this increase in phopho-p38 MAPK protein levels. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ER stress may induce reciprocal changes in NIS and CHOP expression via p38 MAPK in FRTL5 thyroid cells, and that ATRA may attenuate ER stress-induced alterations in NIS and CHOP expression by modulating the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in FRTL5 thyroid cells.
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Flynn RA, Kim CS, Vurgaftman I, Kim M, Meyer JR, Mäkinen AJ, Bussmann K, Cheng L, Choa FS, Long JP. A room-temperature semiconductor spaser operating near 1.5 μm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:8954-8961. [PMID: 21643148 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.008954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature spasing of surface plasmon polaritons at 1.46 μm wavelength has been demonstrated by sandwiching a gold-film plasmonic waveguide between optically pumped InGaAs quantum-well gain media. The spaser exhibits gain narrowing, the expected transverse-magnetic polarization, and mirror feedback provided by cleaved facets in a 1-mm long cavity fabricated with a flip-chip approach. The 1.06-μm pump-threshold of ~60 kW/cm2 is in good agreement with calculations. The architecture is readily adaptable to all-electrical operation on an integrated microchip.
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Sohn SK, Oh SJ, Kim BS, Ryoo HM, Chung JS, Joo YD, Bang SM, Jung CW, Kim DH, Yoon SS, Kim H, Lee HG, Won JH, Min YH, Cheong JW, Park JS, Eom KS, Hyun MS, Kim MK, Kim H, Park MR, Park J, Kim CS, Kim HJ, Kim YK, Park EK, Zang DY, Jo DY, Moon JH, Park SY. Trough plasma imatinib levels are correlated with optimal cytogenetic responses at 6 months after treatment with standard dose of imatinib in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:1024-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.563885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ryu CG, Min SW, Kim J, Han SH, Do SH, Kim CS. Effect of remifentanil on arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation. J Int Med Res 2011; 38:1749-58. [PMID: 21309489 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the dose-related effects of remifentanil on arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation (OLV) under total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol. A total of 104 patients scheduled for elective lung resection surgery requiring OLV were randomly assigned to one of four groups with a target effect-site concentration (Ce) of remifentanil of 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 ng/ml. Patients were anaesthetized with propofol and remifentanil in 100% oxygen. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed after 15 min of two-lung ventilation (TLV15, baseline) and after 15 and 30 min of OLV (OLV15 and OLV30). Mean arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) decreased significantly at OLV15 and OLV30 compared with baseline in all groups, but was comparable in the four groups at each time point, suggesting that remifentanil infusion with a Ce < or =4 ng/ml can be successfully used for anaesthesia with propofol during OLV in lung surgery without any significant changes in PaO2.
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Yun WH, Min SW, Huh J, Ro YJ, Kim CS. Autonomic changes in preoperative uncomplicated diabetic patients with postural changes. J Int Med Res 2011; 38:1764-71. [PMID: 21309491 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is a critical complication frequently encountered in anaesthetic and surgical practice. Power spectral analysis is a noninvasive tool for monitoring frequency analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and autonomic control of the heart. This study examined HRV changes in preoperative diabetic patients without overt signs of autonomic dysfunction and in matched controls (n=18 per group). HRV values at -15 degrees, 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 45 degrees and sitting positions were compared between groups and for each position. HRV in diabetic patients was lower than in controls at all positions (absolute units). Low-frequency power (normalized units) and the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio increased significantly at 45 degrees and in sitting positions in controls but not in diabetic patients. Pre-existing autonomic derangements in diabetic patients without overt clinical symptoms can be aggravated by high-degree tilting or sitting positions. Consequently, great care should be taken during the intra- and perioperative management of these patients.
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Hong SH, Roh SY, Kim SY, Shin SW, Kim CS, Choi JH, Kim SY, Yim CY, Sohn CH, Song HS, Hong YS. Change in cancer pain management in Korea between 2001 and 2006: results of two nationwide surveys. J Pain Symptom Manage 2011; 41:93-103. [PMID: 20870388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In Korea, many health care professionals have shown increased concern about the management of cancer pain. Five years after a pain management guideline was distributed to Korean physicians, the Korean Society of Hospice and Palliative Care evaluated the change in cancer pain management. The period evaluated was between 2001 and 2006. METHODS We did a prospective, cross-sectional cancer pain survey on the change of the pain prevalence and pain intensity, its impact on daily activities and the adequacy of pain management between 2001 and 2006. RESULTS Overall, 7565 patients were enrolled from 72 cancer hospitals in the 2001 cancer pain survey and 7245 patients were enrolled from 63 cancer hospitals in the 2006 cancer pain survey. The overall prevalence of cancer pain and the percentage of patients reporting a negative pain management index were significantly decreased in the 2006 cancer pain survey compared with the 2001 cancer pain survey (44.9% vs. 52.1%, P<0.0001 and 41.6% vs. 45.0%, respectively, P=0.0005). However, in 2006, physicians did not prescribe analgesics to 25.8% of the patients with severe pain and they did not adjust the prescribed analgesics properly in 47.4% of the patients with severe pain. CONCLUSION Some improvement in cancer pain management was noted during the five years between 2001 and 2006. However, all of the physicians who care for cancer patients should pay more attention to cancer pain management, and an educational program for cancer pain management should be distributed to all of the physicians who care for cancer patients.
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Park SH, Oh AY, Goo EK, Nahm FS, Min SW, Hwang JW, Kim CS, Shin NR, Kim JH. A short period of inhalation induction with sevoflurane prevents rocuronium-induced withdrawal in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2011; 55:87-91. [PMID: 21126238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the aim of this study was to determine whether or not inhalation induction with sevoflurane can prevent the withdrawal movement associated with the injection of rocuronium. METHODS a total of 75 pediatric patients were randomly allocated to five groups (S 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and the control group). In the control group (n=15), 2.5% thiopental 5 mg/kg was injected intravenously. Rocuronium 0.4 mg/kg was injected immediately after loss of consciousness. In the S 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 group, rocuronium 0.4 mg/kg was injected at 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3 min after inhalation induction, respectively, and the withdrawal response was recorded. End-tidal sevoflurane concentrations were recorded at the time of the rocuronium injection. The inhalation time of sevoflurane before rocuronium injection required to provide no withdrawal response in 50% and 95% of patients (IT(50) and IT(95) ) was calculated. RESULTS the incidence of withdrawal was 80% (12/15), 71.4% (10/14), 21% (3/14), 0% (0/14), and 0% (0/15) in group C, group S 1.5, group S 2.0, group S 2.5, and group S 3.0, respectively. IT(50) of the rocuronium injection time was 1.7 min (95% CI: 1.5-1.9) and IT(95) was 2.3 min (95% CI: 2.0- 2.9). CONCLUSIONS this study demonstrated that inhalation induction with sevoflurane can prevent the withdrawal movement induced by rocuronium in children, and IT(50) and IT(95) for the prevention of movement was 1.7 and 2.3 min, respectively.
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Chang HJ, Lee MD, Yi HG, Lim JH, Lee MH, Shin JH, Choi SJ, Moon Y, Nahm CH, Kim CS. A case of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm initially mimicking cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Cancer Res Treat 2010; 42:239-43. [PMID: 21253327 PMCID: PMC3021744 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2010.42.4.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare disease. The prognosis is poor in most cases with rapid progression despite administering chemotherapy. A 67-year-old man complained of skin rashes on his back and this spread to the trunk, face, arms and thighs, and he was initially diagnosed with cutaneous lupus erythematosus according to the skin biopsy. The skin rashes then became aggravated on a trial of low dose methylprednisolone for 3 months. Repeated skin biopsy revealed a diffuse infiltration of lymphoid cells with medium sized nuclei, positive for CD4 and CD56, negative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), indicating a diagnosis of BPDCN. Further workups confirmed stage IVA BPDCN involving the skin, multiple lymph nodes, the peripheral blood and the bone marrow. He was treated with six cycles of combination chemotherapy consisting of ifosphamide, methotrexate, etoposide, prednisolone and L-asparaginase, and he achieved a partial response. Herein we report on a rare case of BPDCN that was initially misinterpreted as cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
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Kim CS, Jang YD, Shin DM, Kim JH, Lee D, Choi YH, Noh MS, Yee KJ. Estimation of relative defect densities in InGaN laser diodes by induced absorption of photoexcited carriers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:27136-27141. [PMID: 21196990 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.027136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Defects are one of the most important factors influencing the optical properties of groups III-V nitride semiconductor materials and thereby their applicability to light-emitting diodes. In this paper, we demonstrate that it is possible to estimate the presence of defects in InGaN laser diodes by performing pump-probe measurements and observing the induced absorptions. We have confirmed that the induced absorption originates from defects by performing experiments in which the pump intensity is varied. We believe that our method provides a powerful tool for evaluating the optical quality of InGaN materials before processing them into device fabrications.
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Lim JH, Lee MH, Kim HG, Shin YW, Yi HG, Shin SH, Hur YS, Kim CS, Chang HJ. Three-weekly s-1 monotherapy as first-line treatment in elderly patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer. Gut Liver 2010; 4:503-7. [PMID: 21253299 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2010.4.4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) have generally been excluded from clinical trials, and there are few data available on the treatment of these patients. The efficacy of palliative S-1 monotherapy as a first-line treatment regimen for elderly patients has not been well elucidated. METHODS For this study, 25 AGC patients were enrolled between January 1, 2007 and March 31, 2009; 4 cases were recurrent AGC and 21 cases were metastatic AGC at the time of diagnosis. These patients received S-1 therapy at a dose of 40 mg/m(2) twice daily for 14 days every 3 weeks. All of the patients were older than 70 years. RESULTS The median follow-up duration, the median progression-free survival, and the overall survival time were 8.7 months (range, 4.9 to 12.5 months), 4.9 months (range, 3.5 to 6.3 months), and 10.8 months (range, 6.6 to 15.0 months), respectively. Grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicities were rare. Grade 3/4 neutropenia was noted in two patients. The partial response rate was 21.7% and stable disease was observed in 34.8% of the patients. Two patients (8%) died due to chemotherapy-associated toxicity during treatment (septic shock/intracranial hemorrhage). CONCLUSIONS Oral S-1 chemotherapy seems to be effective as a first-line treatment regimen for elderly patients with metastatic or recurrent AGC. However, elderly patients receiving S-1 treatment should undergo continuous toxicity monitoring, since they are highly susceptible to adverse effects.
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Kim JH, Kim CS, Whang JH. Assessment of radiation dose for surrounding organs and persons approaching implanted patients upon brachytherapy of prostate cancer with Iridium-192. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2010; 141:283-288. [PMID: 20643801 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To assess a proper dose for radiation therapy fitting the typical physical characteristics of male Korean bodies, a mathematical phantom was prepared based on standard Korean male measurements. Upon brachytherapy of prostate cancer by implanting 192Ir into the prostate gland (the source organ), the absorbed dose of the prostate gland and surrounding organs and the expected dose of people within the vicinity were assessed. 192Ir, which has been the radionuclide of choice for prostate cancer brachytherapy, was selected for the simulation. It was assumed that 1 Ci of initial radioactivity would be administered. As a result, 1.28E-02 Gy/Ci was exhibited in the prostate gland of the source organ, and the dose to which persons within the vicinity were exposed was exhibited to be 9.19E-06 Sv at a distance of 30 cm from the front.
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Park G, Kim YK, Kim CS, Yu HC, Hwang SB. Diagnostic efficacy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in the detection of hepatocellular carcinomas: comparison with gadopentetate dimeglumine. Br J Radiol 2010; 83:1010-6. [PMID: 20682591 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/66686028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the efficacy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI in the detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both MRI techniques were performed on 43 patients with a total of 59 HCCs (size range, 0.5-2.0 cm), with a mean interval between the two MRI studies of 3 days (range, 2-7 days). Two observers reviewed both data sets in consensus. Diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity were evaluated using the alternative-free response receiver operator characteristic (ROC) method. The gadoxetic acid set showed a trend toward increased area under the ROC curve (Az value = 0.958) compared with the gadopentetate dimeglumine set (Az value = 0.927), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.362). The sensitivity of the gadoxetic acid set (n = 51, 86.4%) was significantly higher than that of the gadopentetate dimeglumine set (n = 38, 64.4%) (p = 0.0001). Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI is a more sensitive diagnostic tool for detection of HCC than gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI.
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Caffey D, Day T, Kim CS, Kim M, Vurgaftman I, Bewley WW, Lindle JR, Canedy CL, Abell J, Meyer JR. Performance characteristics of a continuous-wave compact widely tunable external cavity interband cascade lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:15691-15696. [PMID: 20720951 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.015691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and performance of a novel broadly tunable continuous-wave external-cavity interband cascade laser (ECicL). The ICL die growth and fabrication, as well as the external cavity geometry are described. Tuning across the 3.2-3.35 microm wavelength range, limited by the gain width of the ICL active medium, is achieved at a maximum power level of 4 mW.
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Park HM, Lee MH, Nahm CH, Kim WC, Lee HB, Kim CS. A case of multiple myeloma possibly cured by autologous blood stem cell transplantation. Intern Med J 2010; 40:314-5. [PMID: 20529044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.02157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim CS, Vurgaftman I, Flynn RA, Kim M, Lindle JR, Bewley WW, Bussmann K, Meyer JR, Long JP. An integrated surface-plasmon source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:10609-10615. [PMID: 20588913 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.010609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A compact and versatile source of coherent surface-plasmon polaritions (SPPs) is demonstrated by end-coupling a laser diode operating at 1.46 microm to a plasmonic waveguide integrated on the same microchip. With an optimized overlap between the spatial-modes of the laser and a planar-stripe waveguide, a high coupling efficiency of approximately 36% is achieved, that computations show could approach approximately 60% with smaller, readily achievable gaps between laser and waveguide. This integrated and electrically-activated source, with an available SPP power limited only by the laser diode, appears ideally suited for directly driving plasmonic circuitry or surface-enhanced sensors.
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Kim JT, Na HS, Kim HS, Kim CS, Kim SD. CPAP of 10 cmH2O during cardiopulmonary bypass followed by an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre does not improve post-bypass oxygenation compared to a recruitment manoeuvre alone in children. Anaesth Intensive Care 2010; 38:291-4. [PMID: 20369762 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1003800227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This randomised controlled study assessed whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 10 cmH2O during cardiopulmonary bypass improves post-bypass oxygenation in children compared with no CPAP during bypass. We studied children with a ventricular septal defect. CPAP of 10 cmH2O was applied during bypass in the CPAP group (n=24), whereas the lungs were left deflated in the control group (n=20). In both groups, an alveolar recruitment maneuver was performed by applying positive pressure of 30 to 40 cmH2O for five seconds before weaning from bypass. Postoperative ventilation had the peak inflation pressure set to produce an expired tidal volume of 8 ml/kg with positive end expiratory pressure of 5 cmH2O. Arterial blood gas and haemodynamic measurements were performed at skin incision, five minutes after weaning from bypass, five minutes after chest closure and four hours after arrival in the intensive care unit. In four children CPAP was discontinued because it adversely affected the operating field. There was no difference in demographic characteristics, haemodynamic data, bypass time and operation time. No difference was observed between the groups with respect to pH, PaO2, P(A-a) DO2, PaCO2, and ETCO2 at each time. Variability in the data was greater than expected, leading to a decrease in the expected power of the study. CPAP at 10 cmH2O during bypass was not found to improve the post-bypass oxygenation as compared with leaving the lung deflated during bypass in children undergoing ventricular septal defect repair who had an alveolar recruitment maneuver at the end of bypass.
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Koh Y, Kim I, Yoon SS, Kim BK, Kim DY, Lee JH, Lee KH, Park E, Kim HJ, Sohn SK, Joo YD, Kim SJ, Chung J, Shin HJ, Kim SH, Kim CS, Song HS, Kim MK, Hyun MS, Ahn JS, Jung CW, Park S. Phase IV study evaluating efficacy of escalated dose of imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia patients showing suboptimal response to standard dose imatinib. Ann Hematol 2010; 89:725-31. [PMID: 20179930 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-010-0910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this phase IV study was to (1) to define efficacy of escalating dose imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients showing suboptimal response to standard dose imatinib and (2) to find markers that predict the response to escalating doses of imatinib. CML patients in chronic phase (CP) who failed to achieve optimal response with 400 mg/day imatinib or patients in accelerated phase (AP) or blast crisis (BC) who failed to achieve complete hematologic response after 3 months of 400-600 mg/day imatinib were enrolled. CP patients received 600 mg/day, while AP/BC patients received 600-800 mg/day imatinib. Patients received imatinib for at least 12 months or until the disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Along with cytogenetic response (CyR), molecular response was assessed with BCR-ABL/ABL ratio. Baseline BCR-ABL gene mutation test was performed. Seventy-one patients (median age, 49.0 years, M:F = 50:21) received escalated dose imatinib. Grade 3 edema in two patients was the only nonhematologic toxicities more than grade 2. For evaluable patients, 30.8% of patients achieved CCyR at 6 months, and median time to treatment failure (TTFx) was 18.0 months. TTFx was longer in patients who achieved greater than 50% reduction in BCR-ABL/ABL within 6 months (early molecular responder (EMR)) compared with those who did not (non-EMR; p < 0.001). Of 31 patients who had mutational status data, three had mutation. All mutants failed to achieve CCyR. In conclusion, escalated dose imatinib shows considerable efficacy with tolerable toxicity in CML patients showing suboptimal response to standard dose imatinib. EMR is an early predictive marker for positive imatinib response.
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Choi SJ, Ahn HJ, Yang MK, Kim CS, Sim WS, Kim JA, Kang JG, Kim JK, Kang JY. Comparison of desaturation and resaturation response times between transmission and reflectance pulse oximeters. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010; 54:212-7. [PMID: 19719816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In general, there is a response time between actual arterial hypoxemia and its detection by pulse oximeters. We compared the desaturation and resaturation response times between two types of pulse oximeters, transmission and reflectance pulse oximeters, to find out which oximeter has a more rapid response time. METHODS Thirty-three ASA 1 or 2 patients were enrolled in this study. A transmission pulse oximeter was placed on the index finger and a reflectance pulse oximeter was placed on the forehead and monitored simultaneously. After the induction of general anesthesia without pre-oxygenation, we waited until the oxygen saturation value of any of two pulse oximeters declined to 90%, and then mask ventilation was started with 100% oxygen. Oxygen saturation was recorded at an interval of 2 s during this time. RESULTS The desaturation response time of SpO(2) to 95% after apnea was 82.0 s (interquartile range: 67.0-98.5 s) vs. 94.0 s (interquartile range: 84.0-106.5 s) (P<0.001) and SpO(2) to 90% was 94.0 s (interquartile range: 75.5-109.5 s) vs. 100.0 s (interquartile range: 84.5-114.5 s) (P<0.001) in the reflectance and transmission oximeters, respectively. The resaturation response time from mask ventilation to 100% SpO(2) was 23.2+/-5.6 vs. 28.9+/-7.6 s (P<0.001) in the reflectance and transmission oximeters, respectively. CONCLUSION In clinical situations in which rapid changes in oxygen saturation are expected, we recommend the forehead reflectance pulse oximeter because it responds more quickly in detecting oxygen desaturation and resaturation compared with the transmission pulse oximeter.
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