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Kim CH, Oh Y, Han K, Seo HW, Kim D, Park C, Kang I, Chae C. Expression of secreted and membrane-bound mucins in the airways of piglets experimentally infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Vet J 2011; 192:120-2. [PMID: 21652241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate secreted mucins MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B and membrane-bound mucin MUC4 in the pulmonary bronchioles of piglets experimentally infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Conventional status, Landrace-Duroc cross-bred piglets, 13 days of age, were randomised to two groups. One group (n=20) was infected by the intra-tracheal route with the SNU98703 strain of M. hyopneumoniae, and a group of 12 animals acted as uninfected controls. Five infected and three uninfected piglets were euthanased on the day of infection and at 7, 21, and 35 days post-inoculation (PI). Membrane-bound MUC4 and secreted MUC5AC were the predominant mucins produced in the bronchioles of the piglets in response to M. hyopneumoniae infection, but by day 35 PI, all labelled mucins had returned to pre-infection levels, contemporaneous with reduced pulmonary lesion scores. The increased mucin production may result from direct stimulation of the epithelium by mycoplasmal infection, or may arise indirectly following M. hyopneumoniae-induced ciliostasis.
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Lee JH, Pyon JK, Kim DW, Lee SH, Nam HS, Kang SG, Kim CH, Lee YJ, Chun JS, Cho MK. Expression of RUNX3 in skin cancers. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 36:769-74. [PMID: 21623876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is reduced in a large number of cancers. However, a few studies have reported higher expression of RUNX3 in several cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In light of this, we explored the expression of RUNX3 in skin cancers generally, to determine whether it acts as an oncogene or a tumour-suppressor gene in skin tumours. AIM To investigate the expression of RUNX3 in normal skin and malignant skin tumours. METHODS RUNX3 expression was evaluated by western blotting in 24 specimens, comprising 6 malignant melanoma (MM), 6 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 6 BCC and 6 normal skin specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to analyse RUNX3 expression in 16 MM, 16 SCC and 16 BCC specimens. To identify where the protein was expressed, the cytoplasmic and nuclear protein expression of RUNX3 in skin cancer tissues was determined. A cell-proliferation study was performed on an MM line (G361) by small interfering (si)RNA transfection. RESULTS The western blotting experiments showed that RUNX3 was not expressed in normal skin tissues, but it was overexpressed in all MM and SCC samples, and in five of the six BCC samples. Using immunochemistry, RUNX3 was found to be overexpressed in all cancer tissues analysed. Subcellular fraction analysis revealed that RUNX3 was expressed in the nuclei but not the cytoplasm of all the skin cancer tissues analysed, and RUNX3 silencing by siRNA in G361 cells resulted in a decrease in proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we suggest that RUNX3 has an oncogenic potential and does not act as a tumour suppressor in skin cancers.
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Chung HY, Lee EK, Choi YJ, Kim JM, Kim DH, Zou Y, Kim CH, Lee J, Kim HS, Kim ND, Jung JH, Yu BP. Molecular inflammation as an underlying mechanism of the aging process and age-related diseases. J Dent Res 2011; 90:830-40. [PMID: 21447699 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510387794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process characterized by time-dependent functional declines that are influenced by changes in redox status and by oxidative stress-induced inflammatory reactions. An organism's pro-inflammatory status may underlie the aging process and age-related diseases. In this review, we explore the molecular basis of low-grade, unresolved, subclinical inflammation as a major risk factor for exacerbating the aging process and age-related diseases. We focus on the redox-sensitive transcription factors, NF-κB and FOXO, which play essential roles in the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-oxidant enzymes, respectively. Major players in molecular inflammation are discussed with respect to the age-related up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, cyclo-oxygenase-2, lipoxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The molecular inflammation hypothesis proposed by our laboratory is briefly described to give further molecular insights into the intricate interplay among redox balance, pro-inflammatory gene activation, and chronic age-related inflammatory diseases. The final section discusses calorie restriction as an aging-retarding intervention that also exhibits extraordinarily effective anti-inflammatory activity by modulating GSH redox, NF-κB, SIRT1, PPARs, and FOXOs.
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Kim D, Kim CH, Han K, Seo HW, Oh Y, Park C, Kang I, Chae C. Comparative efficacy of commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) vaccines in pigs experimentally infected with M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2. Vaccine 2011; 29:3206-12. [PMID: 21354247 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The efficacies of two commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) vaccines were compared in conventional pigs immunized at different ages based on humoral response, pathological observation, and growth performance from birth to finishing (175 days of age) using a M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2 co-infection challenge model. One-week-old pigs (n=110) were randomly assigned to five groups: three vaccinated and challenged (VC), and one each of non-vaccinated and challenged (NVC) and negative control. A significant difference was found in the number of genomic copies of M. hyopneumoniae in nasal swabs and PCV2 in serum samples, the average daily weight gain (gram/pig/day) between 63 and 133 dpi, gross and histopathological lung lesion scores, histopathological lymph node lesion scores, and the immunohistochemical analysis of PCV2 among the three VC groups. The single dose schedule for M. hyopneumoniae bacterins and PCV2 vaccines have the advantages of (i) improving daily weight gain (122.4%) and slaughter weight (120.5%), and (ii) reducing the incidence of clinical signs and lung and lymph node lesions.
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80
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Choi WI, Yim JJ, Park J, Kim SC, Na MJ, Lee WY, Hong SB, Choi HS, Jang SH, Kim WJ, Jeon K, Kim JH, Choi JC, Lee CH, Kim CH, Kim JY. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of H1N1-associated pneumonia among adults in South Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:270-i. [PMID: 21219693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia has been reported to be the most life-threatening complication of influenza virus infection. OBJECTIVE to describe clinical characteristics and determine risk factors for death among patients with H1N1-associated pneumonia. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study included all adult patients diagnosed and treated with H1N1-associated pneumonia in 14 participating institutions between 1 May 2009 and 28 February 2010 in South Korea. Clinical outcomes were summarised and predictors for death evaluated through univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS A total of 269 adult patients with H1N1-associated pneumonia were diagnosed and treated. Hospital visits or admissions peaked in November 2009, coinciding with the peak in the 2009 H1N1 epidemic in South Korea. The patients' median age was 48 years; 143 were male. Most (n = 266, 98.9%) were admitted for treatment: 97 (36.1%) required intensive care and 28 (10.4%) needed mechanical ventilation. Despite the use of antiviral and antibacterial agents, 19 patients (7.1%) died. Risk factors predictive of death included presence of malignancy (aOR 12.0, 95%CI 2.8-51.5), and pneumonia severity index (PSI) score (aOR 1.03, 95%CI 1.01-1.04). CONCLUSION Deaths among adult patients with H1N1-associated pneumonia were not rare. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of a poor prognosis among H1N1-associated pneumonia patients with underlying malignancy or high PSI score.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Critical Care
- Female
- Hospitalization
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/mortality
- Influenza, Human/therapy
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Logistic Models
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Odds Ratio
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/mortality
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Republic of Korea/epidemiology
- Respiration, Artificial
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Severity of Illness Index
- Survival Analysis
- Survival Rate
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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81
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Enomoto Y, Kuroda N, Michishio K, Kim CH, Higaki H, Nagata Y, Kanai Y, Torii HA, Corradini M, Leali M, Lodi-Rizzini E, Mascagna V, Venturelli L, Zurlo N, Fujii K, Ohtsuka M, Tanaka K, Imao H, Nagashima Y, Matsuda Y, Juhász B, Mohri A, Yamazaki Y. Synthesis of cold antihydrogen in a cusp trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:243401. [PMID: 21231524 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.243401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report here the first successful synthesis of cold antihydrogen atoms employing a cusp trap, which consists of a superconducting anti-Helmholtz coil and a stack of multiple ring electrodes. This success opens a new path to make a stringent test of the CPT symmetry via high precision microwave spectroscopy of ground-state hyperfine transitions of antihydrogen atoms.
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82
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Knudsen H, Torii HA, Charlton M, Enomoto Y, Georgescu I, Hunniford CA, Kim CH, Kanai Y, Kristiansen HPE, Kuroda N, Lund MD, McCullough RW, Tökesi K, Uggerhøj UI, Yamazaki Y. Target structure induced suppression of the ionization cross section for very low energy antiproton-hydrogen collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:213201. [PMID: 21231302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.213201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Low energy antiprotons have been used previously to give benchmark data for theories of atomic collisions. Here we present measurements of the cross section for single, nondissociative ionization of molecular hydrogen for impact of antiprotons with kinetic energies in the range 2-11 keV, i.e., in the velocity interval of 0.3-0.65 a.u. We find a cross section which is proportional to the projectile velocity, which is quite unlike the behavior of corresponding atomic cross sections, and which has never previously been observed experimentally.
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83
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Ratajczak MZ, Kim CH, Wojakowski W, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Kucia M, Ratajczak J. Innate immunity as orchestrator of stem cell mobilization. Leukemia 2010; 24:1667-75. [PMID: 20703253 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as other types of stem cells, circulate under steady-state conditions at detectable levels in peripheral blood (PB), with their numbers increasing in response to stress, inflammation and tissue/organ injury. This mobilization process may be envisioned as a danger-sensing response mechanism triggered by hypoxia or mechanical or infection-induced tissue damage that recruits into PB different types of stem cells that have a role in immune surveillance and organ/tissue regeneration. Mobilization is also significantly enhanced by the administration of pharmacological agents, which has been exploited in hematological transplantology as a means to obtain HSPCs for hematopoietic reconstitution. In this review we will present mounting evidence that innate immunity orchestrates this evolutionarily conserved mechanism of HSPC mobilization.
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84
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Cheon YP, Kim CH. Progesterone is primary regulator of Cdk2ap1 gene expression and tissue-specific expression in the uterus. J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:650-6. [PMID: 20354353 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of endometrial cells is a prerequisite step for functional differentiation in the uterus. A tumor suppressor gene, Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (Cdk2ap1) mRNA was detected in the pregnant uterus and was suggested to be involved in cell proliferation. However, its roles and the mechanisms regulating its expression are largely unknown. In this study, the role of steroid hormones in the expression of Cdk2ap1 was examined using RT-PCR, Northern blotting and in situ hybridization methods. Cdk2ap1 mRNA was highly expressed during the proestrus phase and was mainly localized in the epithelium and subepithelium. Its expression was induced by a single injection of estradiol and progesterone, but the effect of progesterone was stronger than that of estradiol. Injections of progesterone (P1,2) on 2 consecutive days induced Cdk2ap1 expression in the endometrium with the same patterns observed in the proestrus phase, but injections of estradiol (E1,2) on 2 consecutive days did not induce expression. The Cdk2ap1 mRNA level was decreased by combined treatment of progesterone and estradiol (E1+P2,3). RU486 suppressed completely the Cdk2ap1 mRNA expression in P1,2 while ICI 182,780 did not in E1+P2,3. In the uteri on day 4 of gestation, expression of Cdk2ap1 also was regulated by progesterone as expected. Cdk2ap1 mRNA expression was totally suppressed by RU486 but not by ICI 182,780. Thus, it is suggested that Cdk2ap1 expression is primarily regulated by progesterone and the progesterone receptor in uterus and is mainly localized to proliferating tissues.
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85
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Woodburn M, Kim CH. Survival of Clostridium perfringens During Baking and Holding of Turkey Stuffing. Appl Microbiol 2010; 14:914-20. [PMID: 16349696 PMCID: PMC1058443 DOI: 10.1128/am.14.6.914-920.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vegetative cells of three strains of Clostridium perfringens were used as inoculum for bread and onion stuffing for eight lightweight and eight heavyweight turkeys. When stuffed turkeys were refrigerated (5 +/- 1 C for 24 +/- 2 hr), a mean count of 580 vegetative cells of C. perfringens per gram of stuffing was reduced to undetectable levels (<6 per gram) in six of the eight. An inoculum of spores of the three strains used in a second series survived refrigerated holding with no change in numbers. During cooking of the stuffed turkeys in an oven at 94 C, numbers of vegetative cells fell steadily and numbers of spores remained constant or increased slightly (2 of 16 stuffings), until the temperature of the stuffing rose above that permitting growth. Viable C. perfringens cells were recovered from the stuffings at the end of cooking plus 1 hr for the group inoculated with the spore suspension. Storage of these stuffings resulted in marked reductions in numbers after 6 days at 5 +/- 1 C and in increases after 24 +/- 2 hr at 23 +/- 1 C. Cells of a strain which produces spores not considered heat-resistant survived in stuffing in birds cooked to doneness in ovens at 94, 163, and 232 C. In accepted methods of cooking stuffed turkeys, C. perfringens contaminants may survive and create a hazard if subsequent storage is in a temperature range which permits their multiplication.
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Kim I, Kang ES, Yim YS, Ko SJ, Jeong SH, Rim JH, Kim YS, Ahn CW, Cha BS, Lee HC, Kim CH. A low-risk ZnT-8 allele (W325) for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus is protective against cyclosporin A-induced impairment of insulin secretion. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2010; 11:191-8. [PMID: 20351753 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SLC30A8 encodes the β-cell-specific zinc transporter-8 (ZnT-8) expressed in insulin secretory granules. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs13266634 of SLC30A8 is associated with susceptibility to post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM). We tested the hypothesis that the polymorphic residue at position 325 of ZnT-8 determines the susceptibility to cyclosporin A (CsA) suppression of insulin secretion. INS (insulinoma)-1E cells expressing the W325 variant showed enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and were less sensitive to CsA suppression of GSIS. A reduced number of insulin granule fusion events accompanied the decrease in insulin secretion in CsA-treated cells expressing ZnT-8 R325; however, ZnT-8 W325-expressing cells exhibited resistance to the dampening of insulin granule fusion by CsA, and transported zinc ions into secretory vesicles more efficiently. Both tacrolimus and rapamycin caused similar suppression of GSIS in cells expressing ZnT-8 R325. However, cells expressing ZnT-8 W325 were resistant to tacrolimus, but not to rapamycin. The Down's syndrome candidate region-1 (DSCR1), an endogenous calcineurin inhibitor, overexpression and subsequent calcineurin inhibition significantly reduced GSIS in cells expressing the R325 but not the W325 variant, suggesting that differing susceptibility to CsA may be due to different interactions with calcineurin. These data suggest that the ZnT-8 W325 variant is protective against CsA-induced suppression of insulin secretion. Tolerance of ZnT-8 W325 to calcineurin activity may account for its protective effect in PTDM.
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87
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Kim SS, Sohn SK, Lee KY, Lee MJ, Roh MS, Kim CH. Use of human amniotic membrane wrap in reducing perineural adhesions in a rabbit model of ulnar nerve neurorrhaphy. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2010; 35:214-9. [PMID: 20007422 DOI: 10.1177/1753193409352410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The object of this experimental study was to assess the effect of wrapping human amniotic membrane around a repaired ulnar nerve in a rabbit model of perineural adhesion. Ulnar nerves from 10 white New Zealand rabbits were exposed bilaterally, dissected and repaired. Human amniotic membrane was then wrapped around the repair site in one limb with no such wrap in the neurorrhaphy of the contralateral limb. Three months later, the same nerves were re-explored and removed using microsurgical external neurolysis. Perineural adhesion around the ulnar nerve was evaluated by blinded surgical dissection and scored using a visual 4-point qualitative scale. Extent and grade of fibrosis around repair sites were measured microscopically (x 200) after Masson trichrome staining using measure of the depth of fibrosis and the grading criteria of adhesion. Quantitative morphometric analysis was also performed under light microscopy (x 200) with the aid of a digital counter and virtual slide imaging software (ScanScope T2, Vista, CA, USA). Human amniotic membrane wrapped nerves showed significantly less perineural adhesion and fibrosis than controls (P < 0.05). No nerve healing problems were encountered. This study suggests that human amniotic membrane application can reduce fibrosis and adhesion around neurorrhaphy sites in this animal model.
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88
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Lee WJ, Lee DW, Kim CH, Won CH, Chang SE, Lee MW, Choi JH, Moon KC. Pompholyx with bile-coloured vesicles in a patient with jaundice: are sweat ducts involved in the development of pompholyx? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 24:235-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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89
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Han JY, Choi JS, Chun JM, Park HD, Lee SY, Kim CH, Park Q, Nava-Ocampo AA, Koren G. Pregnancy outcome of women transfused during pregnancy with blood products inadvertently obtained from donors treated with acitretin. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2010; 29:694-7. [PMID: 19821659 DOI: 10.3109/01443610903177128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the pregnancy outcome of nine women inadvertently transfused with acitretin-contaminated blood products in South Korea. A total of 18 women matched to cases by age, gravidity, and singleton- or twin-pregnancy, and who were transfused with blood products not contaminated with acitretin, was also recruited. There were nine babies born in the case group. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed between cases and controls in the gestational age at delivery (38.3 +/- 1.6 weeks vs 37.8 +/- 2.2 weeks), birth weight (3,146 +/- 874 g vs 3,106 +/- 568 g), rate of pre-term deliveries (22.2% vs 11.1%) and rate of low birth weight (<2,500 g) (33.3% vs 16.7%). There was no case of malformation or neurological abnormalities born in either group. In conclusion, inadvertent exposure to acitretin-contaminated blood products was not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, probably because of the removal of acitretin and etretinate during the manufacturing process of blood products.
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90
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Kim SJ, Kim JS, Kim SC, Kim YK, Kim YK, Kang JY, Yoon HK, Song JS, Lee SH, Moon HS, Kim JW, Kim KH, Kim CH, Shim BY, Kim HK. A multicenter phase II study of belotecan, new camptothecin analogue, in patients with previously untreated extensive stage disease small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2009; 68:446-9. [PMID: 19683359 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Belotecan (Camtobell, CKD602) is a new camptothecin derivative antitumor agent that belongs to the topoisomerase inhibitors. The aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single agent belotecan in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Patients with previously untreated extensive stage disease (ED) SCLC were entered into the study. Belotecan was given by daily intravenous infusion at 0.5mg/m(2)/day for 5 consecutive days, every 3 weeks. 62 patients were enrolled in this study. The overall response rate to chemotherapy on an intention-to-treat basis was 53.2%. The median overall survival was 10.4 months, the median time to progression 4.6 months, and the 1-year survival rate 49.9%. The most common toxicity was hematologic. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 71.0% of patients and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia 12.9%. Non-hematologic toxicity of grade 3 or 4 was low. The results suggest that belotecan is relatively active and well tolerable as single agent in patients with ED SCLC. Further investigations with platinum or other active agents are needed.
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91
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Kang MS, Noh GY, Choe DH, Kim CH, Lee JC. A newly developed lung nodule during chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. Thorax 2009; 64:682, 697. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2008.106260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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92
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Whitby D, Miley W, Bagni R, Marshall V, HanJ SJ, Hu J, Skalsky RL, Kim CH, Ruscetti F, Little R, Yarchoan R, Renne R. Profiling viral and host microRNA expression in cells infected with KSHV and EBV. Infect Agent Cancer 2009. [PMCID: PMC4261734 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-4-s2-o23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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93
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Ha Y, Lee EM, Lee YH, Kim CH, Kim D, Chae S, Ahn KK, Kim B, Chae C. Effects of a modified live CSFV vaccine on the development of PMWS in pigs infected experimentally with PCV-2. Vet Rec 2009; 164:48-51. [PMID: 19136684 DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.2.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vaccination against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) on the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in conventional pigs infected experimentally with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). The pigs infected with PCV-2 and immunised with modified live CSFV developed mild to moderate PMWS, whereas none of the pigs infected with PCV-2 alone or immunised with modified live CSFV alone developed PMWS. Lesions histologically characteristic of PMWS were observed in lymph nodes from the pigs infected with PCV-2 and immunised with modified live CSFV vaccine, and extensive replication of PCV-2 was detected in the nodes by in situ hybridisation.
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94
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Kim A, Kwon OS, Kim SO, He L, Bae EY, Lee MS, Jeong SJ, Shim JH, Yoon DY, Kim CH, Moon A, Kim KE, Ahn JS, Kim BY. Caspase-3 activation as a key factor for HBx-transformed cell death. Cell Prolif 2008; 41:755-74. [PMID: 18700866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation has been associated with the tumorigenic growth of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)-transformed cells. This study was aimed to find a key target for treatment of HBx-mediated cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS NF-kappaB activation, endoplasmic reticulum-stress (ER-stress), caspase-3 activation, and cell proliferation were evaluated after Chang/HBx cells permanently expressing HBx viral protein were treated with inhibitors of NF-kappaB, proteasome and DNA topoisomerase. RESULTS Inhibition of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity by transient transfection with mutant plasmids encoding Akt1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), or by treatment with chemical inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, showed little effect on the survival of Chang/HBx cells. Furthermore, IkappaBalpha (S32/36A) mutant plasmid or other NF-kappaB inhibitors, 1-pyrrolidinecarbonidithioic acid and sulphasalazine, were also shown to have little effect on the cell proliferation. By contrast, proteasome inhibitor-1 (Pro1) and MG132 enhanced the HBx-induced ER-stress response and the subsequent activation of caspase-12, -9 and -3 and reduced cell proliferation. Camptothecin (CPT), however, triggered activation of caspase-3 without induction of caspase-12, and reduced cell proliferation. In addition, CPT-induced cell death was reversed by pre-treatment with z-DEVD, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Detailed exploitation of the regulators of caspase-3 activation could open the gate for finding an efficient target for development of anticancer therapeutics against HBx-transformed hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Ha Y, Ha SK, Lee YH, Kim D, Chae S, Kim CH, Ahn KK, Kim O, Chae C. Prevalence of tir gene subtypes in Escherichia coli isolates from pigs. Vet Rec 2008; 163:424-5. [PMID: 18836158 DOI: 10.1136/vr.163.14.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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96
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Kim KM, Park SH, Kim JS, Lee WK, Cha SI, Kim CH, Kang YM, Jung TH, Kim IS, Park JY. Polymorphisms in the type IV collagen alpha3 gene and the risk of COPD. Eur Respir J 2008; 32:35-41. [PMID: 18385178 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00076207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A number of genome-wide linkage analyses have identified the 2q33.3-2q37.2 region as the most likely to contain the genes that contribute to the susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It was hypothesised that the type IV collagen alpha3 (COL4A3) gene, which is one of the genes located in the 2q33.3-2q37.2 region, may act as a low-penetrance susceptibility gene for COPD. To test this hypothesis, the association of COL4A3 -1162T>C, IVS2+12C>A, P141L, G162E, H451R, P574L and *315C>A polymorphisms with the risk of COPD was investigated in a case-control study of 311 COPD patients and 386 controls. The presence of at least one 451R allele was associated with a significantly higher risk of COPD compared with the 451 H/H genotype (adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval (1.03-2.14)). When the subjects were stratified according to age and COPD severity, the 451R allele was associated with a significantly higher risk of COPD only in younger individuals with severe COPD (3.02 (1.37-6.67)). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the type IV collagen alpha3 gene contributes to the genetic susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Kim SR, Kim CH, Kim SH, Chae HD, Kang BM. EC-001 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of precocious puberty in girls. Reprod Biomed Online 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim CH, Cheon KA, Koo MS, Ryu YH, Lee JD, Chang JW, Lee HS. Dopamine transporter density in the basal ganglia in obsessive-compulsive disorder, measured with [123I]IPT SPECT before and after treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Neuropsychobiology 2007; 55:156-62. [PMID: 17657168 DOI: 10.1159/000106474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 05/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that dopamine as well as serotonin are associated with the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). 5-Hydroxytryptophan inhibits dopamine release in healthy persons as well as in patients with OCD, and serotonin tonic inhibition affects dopamine function in basal ganglia, indicating a close relationship between serotonin and the dopamine system. Using iodine-123-labeled N-(3-iodopropen-2-yl)-2 beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane ([(123)I]IPT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), we investigated the dopamine transporter (DAT) density in the basal ganglia of patients with OCD. The test consists of two measurements before and after treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). Ten patients with OCD before and after treatment with SRIs were included. We performed brain SPECT 2 h after intravenous administration of [(123)I]IPT using a dual-head SPECT camera (Vertex, ADAC, Calif., USA) and analyzed the SPECT data, reconstructed for the assessment of the specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio in the basal ganglia. We then examined the correlation between the scores of OCD symptom changes, assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and DAT binding ratio. Patients with OCD after treatment with SRIs showed a significantly decreased DAT binding ratio in the right basal ganglia compared with baseline. A significant correlation was found between the total scores and compulsion score changes of the Y-BOCS and the changes of the DAT binding ratio of the right basal ganglia. These findings suggest that the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system of the basal ganglia could play an important role in the symptom improvement of OCD patients.
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Park SW, Lee SH, Kim CH, Jeon GS, Hong SJ, Yi JG, Jeon HJ. Inhibition of pseudointimal hyperplasia in swine TIPS models: the efficacy of local delivery of paclitaxel using a perforated balloon catheter. Br J Radiol 2007; 80:702-7. [PMID: 17928498 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/18259234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of local delivery of paclitaxel to inhibit pseudointimal hyperplasia/intimal hyperplasia in swine transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) models TIPS were created in seven healthy domestic swine (15-20 kg). Before TIPS stent insertion, we performed a short-term infusion of paclitaxel (treatment group: n = 4) and saline (control group: n = 3) into the TIPS tract using a balloon catheter in which two 0.010 inch holes were created on opposite sides of the balloon. Paclitaxel or saline was given to all animals via the hepatic parenchymal and venous outflow tract. The animals were followed for up to two weeks and then killed. Gross and histological evaluations of the shunts were performed, and the maximum pseudointimal/intimal hyperplasia thicknesses were calculated for each animal The average infusion time of paclitaxel or saline was 7.6 min (6-9 min). At gross and histological evaluation, considerable pseudointimal hyperplasia had formed in the control group and statistically significant differences were found upon microscopic evaluation in the maximum pseudointimal hyperplasia thickness between the control (2.41 mm, range 1.7-3.16 mm) and animals receiving paclitaxel (0.63 mm, range 0.42-0.98 mm, p<0.05) Local delivery of paclitaxel at the time of TIPS creation may have been effective in reducing pseudointimal/intimal hyperplasia in swine TIPS models.
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Lillehoj HS, Kim CH, Keeler CL, Zhang S. Immunogenomic approaches to study host immunity to enteric pathogens. Poult Sci 2007; 86:1491-500. [PMID: 17575200 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.7.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing consumer demands for safe poultry products, effective control of disease-causing pathogens is becoming a major challenge to the poultry industry. Many chicken pathogens enter the host through the gastrointestinal tract, and over the past few decades, in-feed antibiotics and active vaccination have been the 2 main mechanisms of disease control. However, increasing public concerns are prompting government regulations on the use of growth-promoting drugs in animal production, and the ability of current vaccines to protect against emerging hypervirulent strains of pathogens is becoming an issue. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative control strategies against poultry pathogens of economic importance as well as to carry out basic research to enhance understanding of host-pathogen interactions at local sites of infection. Effective control strategies against pathogens can only be accomplished by comprehensive analysis of the basic immunobiology of host-pathogen interactions. Recent sequencing of the poultry genome and the availability of several tissue-specific cDNA microarrays are facilitating the rapid application of functional immunogenomic technologies to poultry disease research. Studies using functional genomic, immunology, and bioinformatic approaches have provided novel insights into disease processes and protective immunity to chicken pathogens. In this review, we summarize recent published literature concerning the host response to Eimeria and Salmonella infections with emphasis on our studies using immunogenomic tools to investigate and characterize the mechanisms of avian immunity to these mucosal pathogens. The results clearly indicate that this immunogenomic approach will lead to increased understanding of immune responses to infectious agents that will enable the development of effective prevention strategies against mucosal pathogens.
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