Rehabilitating dentulous hemimandibulectomy patients

A hemimandibulectomy can have many debilitating consequences, such as an eccentric occlusion, a disoriented masticatory cycle, facial disfigurement, distorted speech, and salivation problems. If prosthetic treatment begins some time following surgery and the cicatricial tissue has already consolidated, additional treatment time is necessary. A technique is described which combines crowns with a maxillary prosthesis to guide the mandible into a functional occlusion.

Arcial growth with metallic implants in mandibular growth prediction

The present investigation was undertaken to determine whether the Ricketts theory of arcial growth of the mandible can be put to practical use by the clinician to predict mandibular morphology. Eight subjects (six girls and two boys) were selected from the earliest implant samples at the Orthodontic Department of Emory University School of Dentistry. The initial cephalograms were coded and sent to Ricketts, and a 6-year manual growth forecast using the arcial method was requested. The final cephalograms were traced and compared. The three tracings (initial, prediction, and final) were superimposed over the metallic implants and presented on a case-by-case basis. The forecasts, in form, were clinically acceptable in five of the eight cases. In two of the cases (girls) (Cases 2 and 4) a hand-wrist radiograph to determine skeletal age would have improved their accuracy. The forecast in Case 2 was not acceptable. In view of our results in this small sample, the arcial method appears valid for prediction of amndibular growth; however, hand-wrist radiographs will improve the accuracy of short-range predictions of the amount of growth expected. For this reason, the orthodontist should constantly monitor his patients, watching for each individual to assert himself.

An innovative course in undergraduate neuroscience. Experiment in problem-based learning with 'problem boxes'

A novel course in undergraduate neurosciences is described in this paper. The course features a 'problem-box' and use of an educational prescription, each designed to foster the continual development of problem solving and self-directed study skills. The use of a wide range of evaluation tools, stimulated patients, questionnaires, tutorial evaluations, and interviews indicated that it was successful in its attempt. The philosophy of the design of problem-boxes and the problem-solving approach are discussed.

Attempted orthodontic movement in the presence of suspected ankylosis

A 37-year-old man with suspected ankylosis ("submerged" teeth, radiographically obliterated periodontal membranes, and sharp or ringing percussion tests) was subjected to attempted orthodontic movement. The maxillary canine and posterior segments were chosen as treatment areas. While the terms "light" and "heavy" are relative, forces ranging from 6 to 24 ounces were variants great enough in the areas treated to have elicited movement if movement were possible. After continuous forces had been applied for 110 days, measurements showed no movement in either maxillary quadrant.

The simulated tutorial. Method for assessing medical school applicants

The simulated tutorial is a method for selecting medical students by their performance in a small problem-solving group, currently being tested at McMaster University. Four hundred and thirty-two applicants were randomly allocated to groups consisting of 5 or 6 members, assigned a group leader, and asked to work through two unstructured problem situations in a 50-minute session. Assessors, seated behind a one-way mirror, evaluated applicants according to their abilities to relate to their peers, to function in the group, and to define issues in the problem situations. Feedback from the assessors and applicants suggests that the simulated tutorial is potentially useful as a selection tool. All assessors thought they were able to evaluate the 5 or 6 applicants in the group in the time provided. Nearly 80% of the applicants who anonymously returned questionnaires felt they were able to express themselves during their simulated tutorial. The data also suggest that applicants with experience in small groups and applicants previously rated as having outstanding 'personal qualities' are given higher ratings than other applicants. A validation study of the simulated tutorial, comparing individual's scores with evaluations of performance in tutorial groups in the undergraduate M.D. programme, is currently in progress.

Electromyographic investigations of the tongue and circumoral muscular sling with fine-wire electrodes

The electromyographic (EMG) examination of 11 normal individuals in whom bipolar fine-wire indwelling electrodes were placed showed no EMG activity during rest periods and only very slight to slight activity during normal oral functionsmduring aberrant oral activity, such as thumb-sucking, the orbicularis oris and genioglossus muscles gave a marked EMG response and the buccinator muscles were slightly active. These findings may help explain the classical malocclusions seen in tongue-thrusters and thumb-suckers.

REACTIONS OF OZONIDES: III. OZONOLYSIS OF ETHYL 10-UNDECENOATE IN ETHANOL

Diethyl sebacate was the major product obtained by ethanolysis of the ozonization products of ethyl 10-undecenoate in the temperature range 28 to 170 °C. Mixed esters of sebacic acid were similarly obtained, in poor to moderate yields, by alcoholysis of the ozonization product from an alkyl ester of 10-undecenoic acid in the appropriate alcohol. Sebacic acid half esters are prepared by a similar treatment of the ozonization products from 10-undecenoic acid itself. Ester formation has been shown to proceed mainly by rearrangement of an alkoxyhydroperoxide, with oxidative esterification of an aldehyde intermediate contributing to a minor degree.

6-O-METHANESULPHONYL-D-GALACTOSE

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DEGRADATION OF D-RIBONO-1 → 4-LACTONE TO D-ERYTHRONO-1 → 4-LACTONE

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REACTIONS OF OZONIDES: II. REDUCTIVE AMINATION OF OZONIZATION PRODUCTS WITH ETHANOLIC AMMONIA

Reductive animation of the ozonolysis products of the terminal olefins 10-undecen-1-ol, ethyl 10-undecenoate, 10-undecenoic acid, and 10-undecenamide produces 10-aminodecan-1-ol, ethyl 10-aminodecanoate, 10-aminodecanoic acid, and 10-aminodecanamide respectively. Esters are also formed, in a competitive reaction, by thermal decomposition of the ozonolysis product.

AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF ω-HYDROXY ALIPHATIC ACIDS AND THEIR ESTERS

Reductive cleavage of the ozonides of aliphatic acids and their esters by sodium borohydride or by hydrogenation produces ω-hydroxy aliphatic acids and ω-hydroxy aliphatic esters, respectively, in high yields.

THE SYNTHESIS OF 5-DEOXY-5-S-ETHYL-D-THREO-PENTULOSE

The microbiological oxidation of 1-deoxy-1-S-ethyl-D-arabitol by Acetobactersuboxydans has yielded syrupy 5-deoxy-5-S-ethyl-D-threo-pentulose from which a crystalline phenylosazone identical with the one prepared from 5-deoxy-5-S-ethyl-D-xylo-pentose was obtained. A syrupy 3,4-O-isopropylidene-5-deoxy-5-S-ethyl-D-threo-pentulose and its crystalline 2,5-dichlorophenyl-hydrazone were prepared.

THE OXIDATION OF SOME TERMINAL-SUBSTITUTED POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS BY ACETOBACTER SUBOXYDANS

Various terminal-substituted pentitols and hexitols, which possessed either the L-lyxo- or the D-ribo-configuration at the three contiguous carbon atoms adjacent to the terminal carbon atom, were oxidized to ketoses by Acetobactersuboxydans. The terminal hydroxyl group of the polyol was replaced by -H, -OMe, -SEt, and -OAc groups; several 1,1-dithioacetal derivatives of aldoses were also tested. The preparation of 1-O-acetyl-DL-galactitol, 1-deoxy-1-S-ethyl-D-arabitol, and 6-deoxy-6-S-ethyl-L-sorbose are described. 6-Deoxy-6-S-ethyl-L-sorbose was prepared by the microbiological oxidation of 1-deoxy-1-S-ethyl-D-glucitol.

THE PREPARATION OF SOME DERIVATIVES OF D-RIBONO-1→4-LACTONE AND D-RIBITOL

Reaction of D-ribono-1→4-lactone with acetone gave the 2,3-O-isopropylidene derivative from which 5-O-methyl-D-ribitol, 5-deoxy-D-ribitol, and 2,3-O-isopropyIidene-D-ribitol were prepared.

THE SYNTHESIS OF ω -DEOXY- ω -S-ETHYL-POLYOLS

Treatment of an aldose diethyl thioacetal with a limited amount of aged Raney nickel catalyst resulted in the reductive cleavage of one thioethyl group. 1-Deoxy-1-S-ethyl derivatives of D-galactitol, L-arabitol, L-rhamnitol, and D-glucitol have thus been synthesized and their structures proved. 1-Deoxy-1-S-ethyl-L-galactitol has been prepared by the borohydride reduction of 6-deoxy-6-S-ethyl-D-galactose.

Diabetes-specific social learning variables and self-care behaviors among persons with type II diabetes

This study assessed the relationship between diabetes-specific social learning factors and diabetes self-care. Predictor variables were collected within the categories of knowledge (e.g., behavioral demonstrations, pencil-and-paper tests), beliefs/expectations (e.g., self-efficacy, self-motivation), skills (e.g., problem-solving and refusal skills), and environmental support (e.g., barriers to adherence, family support). Different results emerged across the three areas of the regimen assessed: diet, exercise, and glucose testing. Multiple-regression analyses revealed that the social learning variables consistently improved the prediction of self-care beyond that attributable to demographic variables but that the categories of social learning variables most closely related to self-care varied across regimen areas. These findings suggest that programs to enhance diabetes self-care could beneficially focus on life-style behaviors and employ strategies to increase regimen-related expectations and diabetes-specific social and problem-solving skills.