[Sequence analysis of Paragonimus internal transcribed spacer 2 and cyclooxygenase 1 genes in freshwater crabs in Henan Province]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the sequences of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1) genes of Paragonimus metacercariae in freshwater crabs in Henan Province, identify the species of Paragonimus and evaluate its genetic relationships with Paragonimus isolates from other provinces in China.

METHODS

Freshwater crabs were collected from 8 survey sites in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Nanyang and Jiyuan cities of Henan Province from 2016 to 2021, and Paragonimus metacercariae were detected in freshwater crabs. Genomic DNA was extracted from Paragonimus metacercariae, and the ITS2 and COX1 genes were amplified using PCR assay, followed by sequencing of PCR amplification products. The gene sequences were spliced and aligned using the software DNASTAR, and aligned with the sequences of Paragonimus genes in the GenBank. Phylogenetic trees were created using the MEGA6 software with the Neighbor-Joining method based on ITS2 and COX1 gene sequences, with Fasciola hepatica as the outgroup.

RESULTS

The detection rates of Paragonimus metacercariae were 6.83% (11/161), 50.82% (31/61), 18.52% (5/26), 8.76% (12/137), 14.29% (9/63), 17.76% (19/105), 18.50% (32/173) and 42.71% (41/96) in freshwater crabs from 8 survey sites in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Nanyang and Jiyuan cities of Henan Province, with a mean detection rate of 19.46% (160/822), and a mean infection intensity of 0.57 metacercariae/g. The amplified ITS2 and COX1 gene fragments of Paragonimus were approximately 500 bp and 450 bp in lengths, respectively. The ITS2 gene sequences of Paragonimus metacercariae from 8 survey sites of Henan Province showed the highest homology (99.8% to 100.0%) with the gene sequence of P. skrjabini (GenBank accession number: MW960209.1), and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Paragonimus in this study was clustered into the same clade with P. skrjabini from Sichuan Province (GenBank accession number: AY618747.1), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GenBank accession number: AY618729.1) and Hubei Province (GenBank accession number: AY618751.1), and P. miyazaki from Fujian Province (GenBank accession number: AY618741.1) and Japan (GenBank accession number: AB713405.1). The COX1 gene sequences of Paragonimus metacercariae from 8 survey sites of Henan Province showed the highest homology (90.0% to 100.0%) with the gene sequence of P. skrjabini (GenBank accession number: AY618798.1), and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Paragonimus in this study was clustered into the same clade with all P. skrjabini and clustered into the same sub-clade with P. skrjabini from Hubei Province (GenBank accession numbers: AY618782.1 and AY618764.1).

CONCLUSIONS

Paragonimus species from freshwater crabs in Henan Province were all characterized as P. skrjabini, and the ITS2 and COX1 gene sequences had the highest homology to those of P. skrjabini from Hubei Province. The results provide insights into study of Paragonimus in Henan Province and China.

Evidence from Mendelian randomization: increased risk of miscarriage in patients with asthma

OBJECTIVE

Several observational studies have revealed a possible association between asthma and miscarriage. However, inferring causal relationships from observational studies may be fraught with problems like bias, reverse causation, and residual confounding. Therefore, to assess the possible causal effect of asthma on miscarriage, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Asthma (56,167 cases and 352,255 controls) and miscarriage (9,113 cases and 89,340 controls) data from two GWAS of European ancestry were evaluated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used as instrumental variables (IVs). The random effect inverse-variance weighted (IVW) Mendelian randomization approach was used as the primary method, and MR-Egger, weighted-median, and MR-PRESSO approaches were replenished as sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the results.

RESULTS

In total, 70 SNPs were obtained using the SNP criteria. Additionally, the MR study found substantial evidence of the causality between asthma and miscarriage [IVW, OR=1.092; 95% CI=1.017-1.174; p<0.05]. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated the reliability of the MR findings [horizontal pleiotropy (MR-Egger, intercept=-0.0002; Standard error of mean, se=0.006; p=0.975)].

CONCLUSIONS

Asthma is a causal risk factor for miscarriage in European populations, according to MR evidence. Our results emphasize the significance of asthma management in reducing the risk of miscarriage in individuals with asthma.

The effect of curcumin on on intravitreal proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and vascular endothelial growth factor in an experimental model of diabetic retinopathy

The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is high among individuals with diabetes. Curcumin (CUR) has been suggested as a possible treatment for this condition. This study aimed to investigate the impact of CUR on pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in an experimental model of DR. The study used Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats and divided them into groups to receive various CUR doses (10, 50, 100 mg/kg/day) or distilled water for four weeks. Non-diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used as a control group. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ)) (by ELISA), oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT)), and VEGF expression (by RT-PCR) and content (by Western-blot and immunostaining) were assessed as outcome measures. The study found that diabetic rats who received varying doses of CUR showed a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1), oxidative stress markers (SOD, MDA, GPX, CAT), and VEGF expression and content in the vitreous. The decrease in these markers was dose-dependent and significantly different from diabetic rats who did not receive CUR (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the vitreous level of IL-6 between the groups (p=0.35). The study concluded that CUR has the potential to alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress induced by diabetes in the vitreous microenvironment of rats. CUR also reduced the increase in VEGF levels in the vitreous of diabetic rats. These findings suggest that CUR could be a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of DR.

Measurements of Groomed-Jet Substructure of Charm Jets Tagged by D^{0} Mesons in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

Understanding the role of parton mass and Casimir color factors in the quantum chromodynamics parton shower represents an important step in characterizing the emission properties of heavy quarks. Recent experimental advances in jet substructure techniques have provided the opportunity to isolate and characterize gluon emissions from heavy quarks. In this Letter, the first direct experimental constraint on the charm-quark splitting function is presented, obtained via the measurement of the groomed shared momentum fraction of the first splitting in charm jets, tagged by a reconstructed D^{0} meson. The measurement is made in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, in the low jet transverse-momentum interval of 15≤p_{T}^{jet ch}<30  GeV/c where the emission properties are sensitive to parton mass effects. In addition, the opening angle of the first perturbative emission of the charm quark, as well as the number of perturbative emissions it undergoes, is reported. Comparisons to measurements of an inclusive-jet sample show a steeper splitting function for charm quarks compared with gluons and light quarks. Charm quarks also undergo fewer perturbative emissions in the parton shower, with a reduced probability of large-angle emissions.

[Precise minimally invasive treatment of mandibular fracture in children assisted by digital surgery technology]

Objective: To explore the role of digital three-dimensional printing technology and multifunctional board in the treatment of mandibular fracture in children. Methods: From January 2006 to January 2022, 42 children with mandibular fracture were treated by Department of Stomatology, in The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, including 25 males and 17 females. The patients, aged from 4 to 12 years, with the median age was 10 years old, were divided into observation group (22 cases) and routine group (20 cases) according to the treatment methods. In the observation group, the multifunctional board was made before operation, and the CT data of the children were imported into Mimics software in".dicom"format, and the displaced mandible was virtually reset. The jaw reduction model was made by three-dimensional printing, and the surgical operation was simulated on the reduction model to determine the model and position of the internal fixation device and shape it. During the operation, the fracture was reduced and fixed according to the preoperative design; The conventional group was treated with open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fracture by traditional methods, and the clinical application value was compared and analyzed through the intraoperative situation, occlusal relationship, and follow-up of the two groups. Results: The total intraoperative bleeding volume [(30.25±4.02) ml] and surgical time [(64.3±9.2) min] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group [(35.13±5.69) ml and (84.6±13.9) min, respectively] (F=6.18, P=0.003; F=1.32, P=0.001). The excellent and good rate of occlusal relationship in the observation group [96% (21/22)] was significantly higher than that in the conventional group [85% (17/20)] (F=4.27, P=0.039). The incidence of complications, the observation group, 1 case of poor occlusion, 1 case of postoperative infection; In the routine group, there were 3 cases with poor occlusion, 1 case with nerve injury, 1 case with root injury and 1 case with tooth germ injury. Conclusions: The application of digitization three-dimensional printing technology combined with multifunctional occlusal plate in children's mandibular fracture is minimally invasive, safe, efficient and accurate, and the clinical effect is good.

Measurement of the top quark mass using a profile likelihood approach with the lepton + jets final states in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV

The mass of the top quark is measured in 36.3fb - 1 of LHC proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at s = 13 Te V . The measurement uses a sample of top quark pair candidate events containing one isolated electron or muon and at least four jets in the final state. For each event, the mass is reconstructed from a kinematic fit of the decay products to a top quark pair hypothesis. A profile likelihood method is applied using up to four observables per event to extract the top quark mass. The top quark mass is measured to be 171.77 ± 0.37 Ge V . This approach significantly improves the precision over previous measurements.

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Nessi-Tedaldi F, Niedziela J, Pauss F, Perovic V, Pigazzini S, Ratti MG, Reichmann M, Reissel C, Reitenspiess T, Ristic B, Riti F, Ruini D, Sanz Becerra DA, Seidita R, Steggemann J, Valsecchi D, Wallny R, Amsler C, Bärtschi P, Botta C, Brzhechko D, Canelli MF, Cormier K, De Wit A, Del Burgo R, Heikkilä JK, Huwiler M, Jin W, Jofrehei A, Kilminster B, Leontsinis S, Liechti SP, Macchiolo A, Meiring P, Mikuni VM, Molinatti U, Neutelings I, Reimers A, Robmann P, Cruz SS, Schweiger K, Senger M, Takahashi Y, Adloff C, Kuo CM, Lin W, Rout PK, Tiwari PC, Yu SS, Ceard L, Chao Y, Chen KF, Chen PS, Cheng H, Hou WS, Khurana R, Kole G, Li YY, Lu RS, Paganis E, Psallidas A, Steen A, Wu HY, Yazgan E, Asawatangtrakuldee C, Srimanobhas N, Wachirapusitanand V, Agyel D, Boran F, Demiroglu ZS, Dolek F, Dumanoglu I, Eskut E, Guler Y, Gurpinar Guler E, Isik C, Kara O, Kayis Topaksu A, Kiminsu U, Onengut G, Ozdemir K, Polatoz A, Simsek AE, Tali B, Tok UG, Turkcapar S, Uslan E, Zorbakir IS, Karapinar G, Ocalan K, Yalvac M, Akgun B, Atakisi IO, Gülmez E, Kaya M, Kaya O, Tekten S, Cakir A, Cankocak K, Komurcu Y, Sen S, Aydilek O, Cerci S, Hacisahinoglu B, Hos I, Isildak B, Kaynak B, Ozkorucuklu S, Simsek C, Sunar Cerci D, Grynyov B, Levchuk L, Anthony D, Brooke JJ, Bundock A, Clement E, Cussans D, Flacher H, Glowacki M, Goldstein J, Heath HF, Kreczko L, Krikler B, Paramesvaran S, Seif El Nasr-Storey S, Smith VJ, Stylianou N, Pass KW, White R, Ball AH, Bell KW, Belyaev A, Brew C, Brown RM, Cockerill DJA, Cooke C, Ellis KV, Harder K, Harper S, Holmberg ML, Jain S, Linacre J, Manolopoulos K, Newbold DM, Olaiya E, Petyt D, Reis T, Salvi G, Schuh T, Shepherd-Themistocleous CH, Tomalin IR, Williams T, Bainbridge R, Bloch P, Bonomally S, Borg J, Brown CE, Buchmuller O, Cacchio V, Montoya CAC, Cepaitis V, Chahal GS, Colling D, Dancu JS, Dauncey P, Davies G, Davies J, Della Negra M, Fayer S, Fedi G, Hall G, Hassanshahi MH, Howard A, Iles G, Langford J, Lyons L, Magnan AM, Malik S, Martelli A, Mieskolainen M, Monk DG, Nash J, Pesaresi M, Radburn-Smith BC, Raymond DM, Richards A, Rose A, Scott E, Seez C, Shukla R, Tapper A, Uchida K, Uttley GP, Vage LH, Virdee T, Vojinovic M, Wardle N, Webb SN, Winterbottom D, Coldham K, Cole JE, Khan A, Kyberd P, Reid ID, Abdullin S, Brinkerhoff A, Caraway B, Dittmann J, Hatakeyama K, Kanuganti AR, McMaster B, Saunders M, Sawant S, Sutantawibul C, Toms M, Wilson J, Bartek R, Dominguez A, Escamilla CH, Uniyal R, Vargas Hernandez AM, Chudasama R, Cooper SI, Croce DD, Gleyzer SV, Perez CU, Rumerio P, Usai E, West C, Akpinar A, Albert A, Arcaro D, Cosby C, Demiragli Z, Erice C, Fontanesi E, Gastler D, May S, Rohlf J, Salyer K, Sperka D, Spitzbart D, Suarez I, Tsatsos A, Yuan S, Benelli G, Coubez X, Cutts D, Hadley M, Heintz U, Hogan JM, Kwon T, Landsberg G, Lau KT, Li D, Luo J, Narain M, Pervan N, Sagir S, Simpson F, Wong WY, Yan X, Yu D, Zhang W, Abbott S, Bonilla J, Brainerd C, Breedon R, Calderon De La Barca Sanchez M, Chertok M, Conway J, Cox PT, Erbacher R, Haza G, Jensen F, Kukral O, Mocellin G, Mulhearn M, Pellett D, Regnery B, Yao Y, Zhang F, Bachtis M, Cousins R, Datta A, Hauser J, Ignatenko M, Iqbal M, Lam T, Manca E, Nash WA, Saltzberg D, Stone B, Valuev V, Clare R, Gary JW, Gordon M, Hanson G, Long OR, Manganelli N, Si W, Wimpenny S, Branson JG, Cittolin S, Cooperstein S, Diaz D, Duarte J, Gerosa R, Giannini L, Guiang J, Kansal R, Krutelyov V, Lee R, Letts J, Masciovecchio M, Mokhtar F, Pieri M, Quinnan M, Sathia Narayanan BV, Sharma V, Tadel M, Vourliotis E, Würthwein F, Xiang Y, Yagil A, Campagnari C, Citron M, Collura G, Dorsett A, Incandela J, Kilpatrick M, Kim J, Li AJ, Masterson P, Mei H, Oshiro M, Richman J, Sarica U, Schmitz R, Setti F, Sheplock J, Siddireddy P, Stuart D, Wang S, Bornheim A, Cerri O, Dutta I, Latorre A, Lawhorn JM, Mao J, Newman HB, Nguyen TQ, Spiropulu M, Vlimant JR, Wang C, Xie S, Zhu RY, Alison J, An S, Andrews MB, Bryant P, Dutta V, Ferguson T, Harilal A, Liu C, Mudholkar T, Murthy S, Paulini M, Roberts A, Sanchez A, Terrill W, Cumalat JP, Ford WT, Hassani A, Karathanasis G, MacDonald E, Marini F, Perloff A, Savard C, Schonbeck N, Stenson K, Ulmer KA, Wagner SR, Zipper N, Alexander J, Bright-Thonney S, Chen X, Cranshaw DJ, Fan J, Fan X, Gadkari D, Hogan S, Monroy J, Patterson JR, Reichert J, Reid M, Ryd A, Thom J, Wittich P, Zou R, Albrow M, Alyari M, Apollinari G, Apresyan A, Bauerdick LAT, Berry D, Berryhill J, Bhat PC, Burkett K, Butler JN, Canepa A, Cerati GB, Cheung HWK, Chlebana F, Di Petrillo KF, Dickinson J, Elvira VD, Feng Y, Freeman J, Gandrakota A, Gecse Z, Gray L, Green D, Grünendahl S, Guerrero D, Gutsche O, Harris RM, Heller R, Herwig TC, Hirschauer J, Horyn L, Jayatilaka B, Jindariani S, Johnson M, Joshi U, Klijnsma T, Klima B, Kwok KHM, Lammel S, Lincoln D, Lipton R, Liu T, Madrid C, Maeshima K, Mantilla C, Mason D, McBride P, Merkel P, Mrenna S, Nahn S, Ngadiuba J, Noonan D, Norberg S, Papadimitriou V, Pastika N, Pedro K, Pena C, Ravera F, Hall AR, Ristori L, Sexton-Kennedy E, Smith N, Soha A, Spiegel L, Strait J, Taylor L, Tkaczyk S, Tran NV, Uplegger L, Vaandering EW, Zoi I, Avery P, Bourilkov D, Cadamuro L, Chang P, Cherepanov V, Field RD, Koenig E, Kolosova M, Konigsberg J, Korytov A, Kuznetsova E, Lo KH, Matchev K, Menendez N, Mitselmakher G, Muthirakalayil Madhu A, Rawal N, Rosenzweig D, Rosenzweig S, Shi K, Wang J, Wu Z, Adams T, Askew A, Bower N, Habibullah R, Hagopian V, Kolberg T, Martinez G, Prosper H, Viazlo O, Wulansatiti M, Yohay R, Zhang J, Baarmand MM, Butalla S, Elkafrawy T, Hohlmann M, Kumar Verma R, Rahmani M, Yumiceva F, Adams MR, Cavanaugh R, Dittmer S, Evdokimov O, Gerber CE, Hofman DJ, Lemos DS, Merrit AH, Mills C, Oh G, Roy T, Rudrabhatla S, Tonjes MB, Varelas N, Wang X, Ye Z, Yoo J, Alhusseini M, Dilsiz K, Emediato L, Karaman G, Köseyan OK, Merlo JP, Mestvirishvili A, Nachtman J, Neogi O, Ogul H, Onel Y, Penzo A, Snyder C, Tiras E, Amram O, Blumenfeld B, Corcodilos L, Davis J, Gritsan AV, Kyriacou S, Maksimovic P, Roskes J, Sekhar S, Swartz M, Vámi T, Abreu A, Alcerro Alcerro LF, Anguiano J, Baringer P, Bean A, Flowers Z, King J, Krintiras G, Lazarovits M, Le Mahieu C, Lindsey C, Marquez J, Minafra N, Murray M, Nickel M, Rogan C, Royon C, Salvatico R, Sanders S, Smith C, Wang Q, Wilson G, Allmond B, Duric S, Ivanov A, Kaadze K, Kalogeropoulos A, Kim D, Maravin Y, Mitchell T, Modak A, Nam K, Roy D, Rebassoo F, Wright D, Adams E, Baden A, Baron O, Belloni A, Bethani A, Eno SC, Hadley NJ, Jabeen S, Kellogg RG, Koeth T, Lai Y, Lascio S, Mignerey AC, Nabili S, Palmer C, Papageorgakis C, Wang L, Wong K, Busza W, Cali IA, Chen Y, D’Alfonso M, Eysermans J, Freer C, Gomez-Ceballos G, Goncharov M, Harris P, Kovalskyi D, Krupa J, Lee YJ, Long K, Mironov C, Paus C, Rankin D, Roland C, Roland G, Shi Z, Stephans GSF, Wang J, Wang Z, Wyslouch B, Yang TJ, Chatterjee RM, Crossman B, Hiltbrand J, Joshi BM, Kapsiak C, Krohn M, Kubota Y, Mahon D, Mans J, Revering M, Rusack R, Saradhy R, Schroeder N, Strobbe N, Wadud MA, Cremaldi LM, Bloom K, Bryson M, Claes DR, Fangmeier C, Finco L, Golf F, Joo C, Kamalieddin R, Kravchenko I, Reed I, Siado JE, Snow GR, Tabb W, Wightman A, Yan F, Zecchinelli AG, Agarwal G, Bandyopadhyay H, Hay L, Iashvili I, Kharchilava A, McLean C, Morris M, Nguyen D, Pekkanen J, Rappoccio S, Williams A, Alverson G, Barberis E, Haddad Y, Han Y, Krishna A, Li J, Lidrych J, Madigan G, Marzocchi B, Morse DM, Nguyen V, Orimoto T, Parker A, Skinnari L, Tishelman-Charny A, Wamorkar T, Wang B, Wisecarver A, Wood D, Bhattacharya S, Bueghly J, Chen Z, Gilbert A, Hahn KA, Liu Y, Odell N, Schmitt MH, Velasco M, Band R, Bucci R, Cremonesi M, Das A, Goldouzian R, Hildreth M, Hurtado Anampa K, Jessop C, Lannon K, Lawrence J, Loukas N, Lutton L, Mariano J, Marinelli N, Mcalister I, McCauley T, Mcgrady C, Mohrman K, Moore C, Musienko Y, Ruchti R, Townsend A, Wayne M, Yockey H, Zarucki M, Zygala L, Bylsma B, Carrigan M, Durkin LS, Hill C, Joyce M, Lesauvage A, Nunez Ornelas M, Wei K, Winer BL, Yates BR, Addesa FM, Das P, Dezoort G, Elmer P, Frankenthal A, Greenberg B, Haubrich N, Higginbotham S, Kopp G, Kwan S, Lange D, Loeliger A, Marlow D, Ojalvo I, Olsen J, Stickland D, Tully C, Malik S, Bakshi AS, Barnes VE, Chawla R, Das S, Gutay L, Jones M, Jung AW, Kondratyev D, Koshy AM, Liu M, Negro G, Neumeister N, Paspalaki G, Piperov S, Purohit A, Schulte JF, Stojanovic M, Thieman J, Virdi AK, Wang F, Xiao R, Xie W, Dolen J, Parashar N, Acosta D, Baty A, Carnahan T, Dildick S, Ecklund KM, Fernández Manteca PJ, Freed S, Gardner P, Geurts FJM, Kumar A, Li W, Padley BP, Redjimi R, Rotter J, Yang S, Yigitbasi E, Zhang Y, Bodek A, de Barbaro P, Demina R, Dulemba JL, Fallon C, Garcia-Bellido A, Hindrichs O, Khukhunaishvili A, Parygin P, Popova E, Taus R, Van Onsem GP, Goulianos K, Chiarito B, Chou JP, Gershtein Y, Halkiadakis E, Hart A, Heindl M, Jaroslawski D, Karacheban O, Laflotte I, Lath A, Montalvo R, Nash K, Osherson M, Routray H, Salur S, Schnetzer S, Somalwar S, Stone R, Thayil SA, Thomas S, Wang H, Acharya H, Delannoy AG, Fiorendi S, Holmes T, Nibigira E, Spanier S, Bouhali O, Dalchenko M, Delgado A, Eusebi R, Gilmore J, Huang T, Kamon T, Kim H, Luo S, Malhotra S, Mueller R, Overton D, Rathjens D, Safonov A, Akchurin N, Damgov J, Hegde V, Lamichhane K, Lee SW, Mengke T, Muthumuni S, Peltola T, Volobouev I, Whitbeck A, Appelt E, Greene S, Gurrola A, Johns W, Melo A, Romeo F, Sheldon P, Tuo S, Velkovska J, Viinikainen J, Cardwell B, Cox B, Cummings G, Hakala J, Hirosky R, Ledovskoy A, Li A, Neu C, Perez Lara CE, Karchin PE, Aravind A, Banerjee S, Black K, Bose T, Dasu S, De Bruyn I, Everaerts P, Galloni C, He H, Herndon M, Herve A, Koraka CK, Lanaro A, Loveless R, Madhusudanan Sreekala J, Mallampalli A, Mohammadi A, Mondal S, Parida G, Pinna D, Savin A, Shang V, Sharma V, Smith WH, Teague D, Tsoi HF, Vetens W, Warden A, Afanasiev S, Andreev V, Andreev Y, Aushev T, Azarkin M, Babaev A, Belyaev A, Blinov V, Boos E, Borshch V, Budkouski D, Bunichev V, Chadeeva M, Chekhovsky V, Danilov M, Dermenev A, Dimova T, Dremin I, Dubinin M, Dudko L, Epshteyn V, Ershov A, Gavrilov G, Gavrilov V, Gninenko S, Golovtcov V, Golubev N, Golutvin I, Gorbunov I, Ivanov Y, Kachanov V, Kardapoltsev L, Karjavine V, Karneyeu A, Kim V, Kirakosyan M, Kirpichnikov D, Kirsanov M, Klyukhin V, Kodolova O, Konstantinov D, Korenkov V, Kozyrev A, Krasnikov N, Lanev A, Levchenko P, Litomin A, Lychkovskaya N, Makarenko V, Malakhov A, Matveev V, Murzin V, Nikitenko A, Obraztsov S, Oskin A, Ovtin I, Palichik V, Perelygin V, Perfilov M, Petrushanko S, Popov V, Radchenko O, Rusinov V, Savina M, Savrin V, Shalaev V, Shmatov S, Shulha S, Skovpen Y, Slabospitskii S, Smirnov V, Sosnov D, Sulimov V, Tcherniaev E, Terkulov A, Teryaev O, Tlisova I, Toropin A, Uvarov L, Uzunian A, Vorobyev A, Voytishin N, Yuldashev BS, Zarubin A, Zhizhin I, Zhokin A. A search for decays of the Higgs boson to invisible particles in events with a top-antitop quark pair or a vector boson in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV

A search for decays to invisible particles of Higgs bosons produced in association with a top-antitop quark pair or a vector boson, which both decay to a fully hadronic final state, has been performed using proton-proton collision data collected at s = 13 Te V by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138fb - 1 . The 95% confidence level upper limit set on the branching fraction of the 125Ge V Higgs boson to invisible particles, B ( H → inv ) , is 0.54 (0.39 expected), assuming standard model production cross sections. The results of this analysis are combined with previous B ( H → inv ) searches carried out at s = 7 , 8, and 13Te V in complementary production modes. The combined upper limit at 95% confidence level on B ( H → inv ) is 0.15 (0.08 expected).

Observation of τ Lepton Pair Production in Ultraperipheral Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

We present an observation of photon-photon production of τ lepton pairs in ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions. The measurement is based on a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 404  μb^{-1} collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV. The γγ→τ^{+}τ^{-} process is observed for τ^{+}τ^{-} events with a muon and three charged hadrons in the final state. The measured fiducial cross section is σ(γγ→τ^{+}τ^{-})=4.8±0.6(stat)±0.5(syst)  μb, where the second (third) term corresponds to the statistical (systematic) uncertainty in σ(γγ→τ^{+}τ^{-}) in agreement with leading-order QED predictions. Using σ(γγ→τ^{+}τ^{-}), we estimate a model-dependent value of the anomalous magnetic moment of the τ lepton of a_{τ}=0.001_{-0.089}^{+0.055}.

[Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the management of imported malaria in China]

OBJECTIVE

To examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemic status of imported malaria and national malaria control program in China, so as to provide insights into post-elimination malaria surveillance.

METHODS

All data pertaining to imported malaria cases were collected from Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during the period from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2021. The number of malaria cases, species of malaria parasites, country where malaria parasite were infected, diagnosis and treatment after returning to China, and response were compared before (from January 1, 2018 to January 22, 2020) and after the COVID-19 pandemic (from January 23, 2020 to December 31, 2021).

RESULTS

A total of 2 054 imported malaria cases were reported in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, and there were 1 722 cases and 332 cases reported before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. All cases were reported within one day after definitive diagnosis. The annual mean number of reported malaria cases reduced by 79.30% in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region after the COVID-19 pandemic (171 cases) than before the pandemic (826 cases), and the number of monthly reported malaria cases significantly reduced in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region since February 2020. There was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of species of malaria parasites among the imported malaria cases in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (χ2 = 146.70, P < 0.05), and P. falciparum malaria was predominant before the COVID-19 pandemic (72.30%), while P. ovale malaria (44.28%) was predominant after the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by P. falciparum malaria (37.65%). There was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of country where malaria parasites were infected among imported malaria cases in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (χ2 = 13.83, P < 0.05), and the proportion of malaria cases that acquired Plasmodium infections in western Africa reduced after the COVID-19 pandemic that before the pandemic (44.13% vs. 37.95%; χ2 = 4.34, P < 0.05), while the proportion of malaria cases that acquired Plasmodium infections in eastern Africa increased after the COVID-19 pandemic that before the pandemic (9.58% vs. 15.36%; χ2 = 9.88, P = 0.02). The proportion of completing case investigation within 3 days was significantly lower after the COVID-19 pandemic than before the pandemic (96.69% vs. 98.32%; χ2= 3.87, P < 0.05), while the proportion of finishing foci investigation and response within 7 days was significantly higher after the COVID-19 pandemic than before the pandemic (100.00% vs. 98.43%; χ2 = 3.95, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The number of imported malaria cases remarkably reduced in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a decreased proportion of completing case investigations within 3 days. The sensitivity of the malaria surveillance-response system requires to be improved to prevent the risk of secondary transmission of malaria due to the sharp increase in the number of imported malaria cases following the change of the COVID-19 containment policy.

Interpretable Machine Learning for Predicting Symptomatic Pneumonitis in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Consolidation

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

The rate of grade 2 and higher pneumonitis has increased with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) following chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for lung cancer, which may alter previously established dose-volume constraints (DVC). In this study, we used an interpretable machine learning model with clinical and dosimetric features to predict grade 2+ pneumonitis and determine DVC associated with pneumonitis for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) radiotherapy (RT).

MATERIALS/METHODS

Between October 2017 and December 2021, 223 consecutively treated patients with LANSCLC treated with CRT and ICI were retrospectively reviewed. The dataset was split into training and test sets (n = 144/79). Clinical features included age, sex, smoking status, pack-years, BMI, ECOG PS, COPD, tumor location, delivered dose, RT technique, chemotherapy agent and volume of GTVp/GTVn. A total of 228 dosimetric features from the heart, contralateral/ipsilateral lung and lungs-IGTV were extracted, including the minimum/mean dose to the hottest x% volume (Dx%[Gy]/MOHx%[Gy]; x was 5-95 in 5% increments) and minimum/mean/maximum dose and percent volume receiving at least xGy (VxGy [%]; x was 5-60 in 5Gy increments), as well as the overlapping volume of each structure with PTV and the distance from each structure to GTVp/GTVn. Feature selection was performed using Boruta, followed by collinearity removal based on the variance inflation factor. The explainable boosting machine (EBM) was trained on the selected features. The performance of EBM on the test set was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared with that of blackbox (BB) models, including extreme gradient boosting (XGB), random forest (RF), and supporting vector machine (SVM). The global explanation of each feature's contribution to the predictions provided by the EBM was used to determine DVC. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) were used to explain BB predictions.

RESULTS

Selected features, ranked in order of EBM's overall feature importance, were V25Gy [%] and MOH65%[Gy] in the ipsilateral lung, the maximum dose in the heart, MOH30%[Gy] in the contralateral lung, and BMI. No dosimetric features in the lungs-IGTV were selected. The SHAP values of three BB models showed similar trends to the feature importance of the EBM. The global explanations of the EBM suggested that to mitigate the risk of pneumonitis, the ipsilateral lung should have V25Gy [%] < 36.8% and MOH65%[Gy] < 39.5Gy, and the heart should have D0.03cc [Gy] < 66.0Gy. Furthermore, an increased risk of pneumonitis was indicated with an increase in BMI, and, surprisingly, a decrease in MOH30%[Gy] in the contralateral lung. The EBM showed the best performance for predicting grade 2+ pneumonitis (AUC = 0.739), followed by RF, SVM, and XGB (AUC = 0.735, 0.733, and 0.717).

CONCLUSION

EBM has the potential to predict grade 2+ pneumonitis in LA-NSCLC patients treated with CRT and ICI, while providing guidance on DVC.

Integration of Multiparameter MRI into Conventional Pretreatment Risk Factors to Predict Adverse Features after Radical Prostatectomy

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

The purpose of this study was to Integration of Multiparameter MRI into conventional pretreatment risk factors to develop nomogram for the prediction of adverse features (i.e., positive margin (PM) or extra-prostatic extension (EPE)) indicated for postoperative radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer.

MATERIALS/METHODS

We analyzed 203 histologically proven prostate cancer patients underwent preoperative 3T multiparametric MRI including high b value (0, 1500 s/mm2) diffusion-weighted imaging between 2019 and 2022 at our hospital. Patients with a history of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy, or patients whose surgeon's experience was ≤3 years were excluded. Age, surgical technique, serum PSA level, PSA density, clinical T stage, and biopsy Gleason score were clinical predictors. MRI parameters include prostate volume, tumor size, ECE score, seminal vesicle invasion score, tumor location (apex, peripheral region, or bladder neck), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), tumor contact length (TCL), PI-RADS score. Predictors were used in nomograms developed from multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate the probability of positive margin (PM) or extra-prostatic extension (EPE) after RP. The nomogram's predictive accuracy and discriminative ability were determined by the concordance index with calibration and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

RESULTS

(1) Patient characters: Table 1 lists the MRI characteristics of the patients. Median PSA level is 17.6ng/ml. All patients received extra-fascial resection. 44% of the patients underwent robotic surgery. 24% of the patients had positive margins. In 226 patients who was clinically confined to the prostate, 100 (44%) had a postoperative pathological upgrade of pT3a or above. 46 (29%) of the 158 patients with biopsy grade group (GG)1 was confirmed GG3-5 after RP.

CONCLUSION

Using mpMRI parameters and clinicopathological information, we produced nomograms that may accurately predict adverse Features that are indications for postoperative radiotherapy after RP, which may help individualize treatment decision-making.

Interpretable Machine Learning Models for Severe Esophagitis Prediction in LA-NSCLC Patients Treated with Chemoradiation Therapy

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Radiation esophagitis is a common adverse event that may occur during chemoradiotherapy (CRT) that can adversely affect survival. This study aimed to develop interpretable machine learning (ML) models to predict grade 3 and higher radiation esophagitis in patients receiving definitive CRT therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC).

MATERIALS/METHODS

A total of 335 patients with LA-NSCLC who received definitive concurrent CRT at a single institution from 2017 to 2021 were retrospectively identified. Patients with esophagitis were identified and graded according to CTCAE v5.0. For each patient, 31 clinical features and 1093 dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters from 19 structures were collected. The data was then randomly split into training (n = 233) and testing (n = 102) datasets. Feature selection was performed on the training dataset using the minimum redundancy maximum relevance algorithm to find a set of relevant features while controlling for the redundancy within the selected features, which were then followed by the Boruta algorithm to remove unimportant features and make the ML model more accurate. Synthetic minority oversampling technique was used to handle class-imbalanced datasets by generating synthetic samples for the minority class. Four variants of the Generalized Additive Model (GAM), including Explainable Boosting Machine (EBM), neural GAM (NODE-GAM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB)-GAM, and Spline, were built with selected features. The models' performance in predicting esophagitis was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the test dataset. Shape plots were used to interpret the models' output and explain the selected features' contribution to the prediction.

RESULTS

NODE-GAM yielded the highest performance (F1 score = 0.57, accuracy = 0.8, and AUC = 0.837), followed by EBM (F1 score = 0.43, accuracy = 0.8, and AUC = 0.7), Spline (F1 score = 0.42, accuracy = 0.74, and AUC = 0.737), and XGB-GAM (F1 score = 0.42, accuracy = 0.76, and AUC = 0.71). Selected features included D95%[Gy], D90%[Gy], D65%[Gy] and V40Gy [%] for the esophagus, V10Gy [%] for the pulmonary artery, and the distance from GTVn to the ascending aorta. The analysis of the selected features indicated that an increased radiation dose delivered to the esophagus and a shorter distance between the ascending aorta and GTVn were associated with a higher risk of developing esophagitis.

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrates the feasibility of developing interpretable ML models to predict esophagitis in patients with LA-NSCLC patients treated with CRT. NODE-GAM provided the best accuracy while providing insights into the driving dosimetric factors that could be used to guide optimal RT planning.

Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy Boost to Bladder Tumor for Bladder Preservation in Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Previous studies showed that selective bladder-sparing approach using TMT is an established therapy of MIBC with outcomes that are comparable to those of radical cystectomy. However, it has been shown that the 5-year local recurrence in the bladder is greater than 40% after TMT. One of the possible reasons was that the RT dose to the bladder tumor or tumor bed was insufficient. Thus, we assessed the effectiveness and safety of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) boost to bladder tumor or tumor bed for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

MATERIALS/METHODS

A total of 59 consecutive patients with cT2-4 bladder cancer underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). TURBT was visibly complete in 25 cases. Patients received SABR to the tumor or tumor bed in the bladder followed by conventionally fractionated RT (CFRT) to pelvis and total bladder with concomitant weekly radio-sensitizing chemotherapy. During SABR intravesical installation of isovolumetric saline through urinary catheter ensured adequate bladder filling. Response rate was assessed by cystoscopic evaluation and pelvic MRI or CT. Toxicities were reported per the RTOG acute and late Radiation Morbidity Scoring Schema.

RESULTS

The median age of all patients was 76 years (35-90 years). All patients completed SBRT boost and 61% patients received concurrent Gemcitabine chemotherapy. After a median follow-up time of 28 months, the rate of local control (LC) at 3 years was 90.0%. The overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates at 3 years were 61.6% and 77.5%, respectively. Of the surviving patients, 84.4% have a disease-free and functioning bladder. Acute grade 3 gastrointestinal (GI) or genitourinary (GU) toxicities occurred in only 1.7% of the patients. Late grade 3 GU toxicity occurred in 5.1% of the patients. No patients experienced grade 4 GI or GU toxicities.

CONCLUSION

SABR boost followed by chemoradiation to the pelvis was found to be a well-tolerated and effective treatment for MIBC patients who are either not candidates for cystectomy or who desire bladder preservation. Randomized study is required to further evaluate this novel tri-modality treatment paradigm.

Rising Gas Prices & Financial Toxicity Related to Radiation Treatment

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Radiation treatment is a time-intensive treatment with daily treatments spanning multiple weeks. The cost of transportation is rarely covered by insurance and can be a burden for patients undergoing curative treatment. In late 2022, with the rising price of gas, we set out to evaluate whether gas prices & rising costs from inflation increased financial toxicity for patients undergoing radiation treatment.

MATERIALS/METHODS

A prospective survey study was developed and approved by IRB as exempt study at two sites. The survey consisted of basic demographic question and functional assessment of chronic illness therapy (FACIT) Cost measure, which was licensed for the purpose of this study. Baseline information including distance to treatment center (as measured by zip code), average cost of gas in the state, income, education level, and transportation method were also collected. Distance from treatment, average gas price, average weekly gas cost, annual household income and insurance type were dichotomized. T test and fisher exact test were used to assess the differences between groups for ordinal and binary survey questions, respectively. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS

A total of 30 complete patient questionnaires were collected between August and November 2022. When gas prices rose over $4, the percent of patients who felt in control of their financial situation was significantly decreased (p = 0.049) and percentage of patients for whom gas prices have become a burden for radiation treatment significantly increased (63.2% vs 36.8%, p<0.001), and correlated to patient's feeling of financial stress, satisfaction with their current financial situation, and perception of choice on health care spending. Travel distance >10 miles to treatment center was correlated to feeling out of pocket medical expenses to be higher than expected and ability to meet monthly expenses. Household income >$40,000 significantly increased patient's ability to meet monthly expenses (p = 0.024) and feeling of control of personal financial situation (p = 0.004) and correlated to higher satisfaction with financial stability. Type of insurance did not significantly impact financial toxicity. Only 10% of the patient knew of financial assistance while 3% utilized financial support for general medical bill and/or travel support.

CONCLUSION

Rising gas prices impact patients' wellness. Rising prices are correlated to feeling more financial toxicity independent of income level. Further studies are needed to determine impact of inflation on financial toxicity. More emphasis is needed to identify high risk patients and offer more directed financial assistance.

[Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia infection in common mosquito species in Henan Province]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the infection and genotypes of Wolbachia in common mosquito species in Henan Province, so as to provide insights into management of mosquito-borne diseases.

METHODS

Aedes, Culex and Anopheles samples were collected from cowsheds, sheepfolds and human houses in Puyang, Nanyang City and Xuchang cities of Henan Province from July to September, 2022, and the infection of Wolbachia was detected. The 16S rDNA and wsp genes of Wolbachia were amplified and sequenced. Sequence alignment was performed using the BLAST software, and the obtained 16S rDNA gene sequence was compared with the sequence of the 16S rDNA gene in GenBank database. In addition, the phylogenetic trees were created based on 16S rDNA and wsp gene sequences using the software MEGA 11.0.

RESULTS

A total 506 female adult mosquitoes were collected from three sampling sites in Nanyang, Xuchang City and Puyang cities from July to September, 2022. The overall detection of Wolbachia was 45.1% (228/506) in mosquitoes, with a higher detection rate in A. albopictus than in Cx. pipiens pallens [97.9% (143/146) vs. 50.6% (85/168); χ2 = 88.064, P < 0.01]. The detection of Wolbachia in Cx. pipiens pallens was higher in Xuchang City (96.8%, 62/64) than in Nanyang (15.6%, 7/45) and Puyang cities (27.1%, 16/59) (χ2 = 89.950, P < 0.01). The homologies of obtained Wolbachia 16S rDNA and wsp gene sequences were 95.3% to 100.0% and 81.7% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on wsp gene sequences showed Wolbachia supergroups A and B in mosquito samples, with wAlbA and wMors strains in supergroup A and wPip and wAlbB strains in supergroup B. Wolbachia strain wAlbB infection was detected in A. albopictus in Puyang and Nanyang Cities, while Wolbachia strain wPip infection was identified in A. albopictus in Xuchang City. Wolbachia strain wAlbA infection was detected in Cx. pipiens pallens sampled from three cities, and one Cx. pipiens pallens was found to be infected with Wolbachia strain wMors in Nanyang City.

CONCLUSIONS

Wolbachia infection is commonly prevalent in Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens pallens from Henan Province, and Wolbachia strains wAlbB and wAlbA are predominant in Ae. albopictus, while wPip strain is predominant in Cx. pipiens pallens. This is the first report to present Wolbachia wMors strain infection in Cx. pipiens pallens in Henan Province.

Measurement of the Dependence of the Hadron Production Fraction Ratios f_{s}/f_{u} and f_{d}/f_{u} on B Meson Kinematic Variables in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

The dependence of the ratio between the B_{s}^{0} and B^{+} hadron production fractions, f_{s}/f_{u}, on the transverse momentum (p_{T}) and rapidity of the B mesons is studied using the decay channels B_{s}^{0}→J/ψϕ and B^{+}→J/ψK^{+}. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment in 2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 61.6  fb^{-1}. The f_{s}/f_{u} ratio is observed to depend on the B p_{T} and to be consistent with becoming asymptotically constant at large p_{T}. No rapidity dependence is observed. The ratio of the B^{0} to B^{+} meson production fractions, f_{d}/f_{u}, is also measured, for the first time in proton-proton collisions, using the B^{0}→J/ψK^{*0} decay channel. The result is found to be within 1 standard deviation of unity and independent of p_{T} and rapidity, as expected from isospin invariance.

Measurement of the Lifetime and Λ Separation Energy of _{Λ}^{3}H

The most precise measurements to date of the _{Λ}^{3}H lifetime τ and Λ separation energy B_{Λ} are obtained using the data sample of Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV collected by ALICE at the LHC. The _{Λ}^{3}H is reconstructed via its charged two-body mesonic decay channel (_{Λ}^{3}H→^{3}He+π^{-} and the charge-conjugate process). The measured values τ=[253±11(stat)±6(syst)]  ps and B_{Λ}=[102±63(stat)±67(syst)]  keV are compatible with predictions from effective field theories and confirm that the _{Λ}^{3}H structure is consistent with a weakly bound system.

Search for Exotic Higgs Boson Decays H→AA→4γ with Events Containing Two Merged Diphotons in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

We present the first direct search for exotic Higgs boson decays H→AA, A→γγ in events with two photonlike objects. The hypothetical particle A is a low-mass spin-0 particle decaying promptly to a merged diphoton reconstructed as a single photonlike object. We analyze the data collected by the CMS experiment at sqrt[s]=13  TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136  fb^{-1}. No excess above the estimated background is found. We set upper limits on the branching fraction B(H→AA→4γ) of (0.9-3.3)×10^{-3} at 95% confidence level for masses of A in the range 0.1-1.2 GeV.

[Long-term quality of life in patients with BrownⅡ maxillary defect repaired by different methods]

Objective: To analyze the long-term quality of life of patients with Brown Ⅱ maxillary defect repaired by tissue flap or prosthesis. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for maxillary malignant tumors in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from 2014 to 2017 were selected to investigate the postoperative long-term (>5 years) quality of life using the fourth edition of the University of Washington quality of life questionnaire (UW-QOL). Mann Whitney U test was used to examine the differences between two groups. Results: In this study, 4 cases were lost to follow-up, 9 died, and a total of 46 valid questionnaires were collected, including 24 males and 22 females, aged 19-86 years. There were 26 cases of class Ⅱb/c and 20 cases of class Ⅱd. Tissue flap reconstruction was performed in 29 cases (tissue flap group) and prosthesis restoration in 17 cases (prosthesis group). The score of chewing QOL in the prosthesis group was higher than that in the tissue flap reconstruction group (Z=-2.787, P=0.005), but the scores of entertainment, swallowing, speech and emotion QOL in the former group were respectively lower than those in the latter group (Z=-3.185, -2.091, -2.556 and -1.996, respectively, all P values<0.05). In patients with Brown Ⅱb/c defect, the prosthesis repair could improve the chewing QOL score (Z=-2.830, P=0.005), but no statistically significant differences in other QOL scores between two groups. In patients with Brown Ⅱd defect, the tissue flap reconstruction could improve the scores of pain, entertainment, swallowing and speech QOL (Z=-2.741, -2.517, -2.320 and -2.843, respectively, all P values<0.05), and the average QOL score in tissue flap reconstruction group was also higher than that of the prosthesis group (Z=-2.276, P=0.023). Conclusion: For postoperative long-term quality of life, both prosthesis and tissue flap reconstruction can offer satisfactory results in patients with Brown Ⅱb/c defect, and patients with Brown Ⅱd defect repaired by tissue flap reconstruction have better speech and swallowing functions. Tissue flap reconstruction may bring more entertainment and emotional benefits.

[Non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene-related disorders with thrombocytopenia: report of two pedigrees and literature review]

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and gene variants of 2 pedigrees of non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 related diseases (MYH9-RD) in children. Methods: The basic information, clinical features, gene variants and laboratory tests of MYH9-RD patients from 2 pedigrees confirmed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in November 2021 and July 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. "Non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 related disease" "MYH9" and "children" were used as key words to search at Pubmed database, CNKI and Wanfang database up to February 2023. The MYH9-RD gene variant spectrum and clinical data were analyzed and summarized. Results: Proband 1 (male, 11 years old) sought medical attention due to epistaxis, the eldest sister and second sister of proband 1 only showed excessive menstrual bleeding, the skin and mucous membrane of the their mother were prone to ecchymosis after bumping, the uncle of proband 1 had kidney damage, and the maternal grandmother and maternal great-grandmother of proband 1 had a history of cataracts. There were 7 cases of phenotypic abnormalities in this pedigree. High-throughput sequencing showed that the proband 1 MYH9 gene had c.279C>G (p.N93K) missense variant, and family verification analysis showed that the variant was inherited from the mother. A total of 4 patients including proband 1 and family members were diagnosed with MYH9-RD. The proband 2 (female, 1 year old) sought medical attention duo to fever and cough, and the father's physical examination revealed thrombocytopenia. There were 2 cases of phenotypic abnormalities in this pedigree. High-throughput sequencing showed that there was a c.4270G>A (p.D1424N) missense variant in the proband 2 MYH9 gene, and family verification analysis showed that the variant was inherited from the father. A total of 2 patients including proband 2 and his father were diagnosed with MYH9-RD. A total of 99 articles were retrieved, including 32 domestic literatures and 67 foreign literatures. The MYH9-RD cases totaled 149 pedigrees and 197 sporadic patients, including 2 pedigrees in our study. There were 101 cases with complete clinical data, including 62 sporadic cases and 39 pedigrees. There were 56 males and 45 females, with an average age of 6.9 years old. The main clinical manifestations were thrombocytopenia, skin ecchymosis, and epistaxis. Most patients didn't receive special treatment after diagnosis. Six English literatures related to MYH9-RD caused by c.279C>G mutation in MYH9 gene were retrieved. Italy reported the highest number of cases (3 cases). Twelve literatures related to MYH9-RD caused by c.4270G>A mutation in MYH9 gene were retrieved. China reported the highest number of cases (9 cases). Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of patients in the MYH9-RD pedigrees varied greatly. MYH9 gene c.279C>G and c.4270G>A mutations are the cause of MYH9-RD.

Observation of Same-Sign WW Production from Double Parton Scattering in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

The first observation of the production of W^{±}W^{±} bosons from double parton scattering processes using same-sign electron-muon and dimuon events in proton-proton collisions is reported. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1} recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV using the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Multivariate discriminants are used to distinguish the signal process from the main backgrounds. A binned maximum likelihood fit is performed to extract the signal cross section. The measured cross section for production of same-sign W bosons decaying leptonically is 80.7±11.2(stat) _{-8.6}^{+9.5}(syst)±12.1(model)  fb, whereas the measured fiducial cross section is 6.28±0.81(stat)±0.69(syst)±0.37(model)  fb. The observed significance of the signal is 6.2 standard deviations above the background-only hypothesis.

Observation of the Rare Decay of the η Meson to Four Muons

A search for the rare η→μ^{+}μ^{-}μ^{+}μ^{-} double-Dalitz decay is performed using a sample of proton-proton collisions, collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC with high-rate muon triggers during 2017 and 2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101  fb^{-1}. A signal having a statistical significance well in excess of 5 standard deviations is observed. Using the η→μ^{+}μ^{-} decay as normalization, the branching fraction B(η→μ^{+}μ^{-}μ^{+}μ^{-})=[5.0±0.8(stat)±0.7(syst)±0.7(B_{2μ})]×10^{-9} is measured, where the last term is the uncertainty in the normalization channel branching fraction. This work achieves an improved precision of over 5 orders of magnitude compared to previous results, leading to the first measurement of this branching fraction, which is found to agree with theoretical predictions.