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Larson D, Weiland JL, Hinshaw G, Bennett CL. COMPARINGPLANCKANDWMAP: MAPS, SPECTRA, AND PARAMETERS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/801/1/9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abla AA, Rutledge WC, Seymour ZA, Guo D, Kim H, Gupta N, Sneed PK, Barani IJ, Larson D, McDermott MW, Lawton MT. A treatment paradigm for high-grade brain arteriovenous malformations: volume-staged radiosurgical downgrading followed by microsurgical resection. J Neurosurg 2015; 122:419-32. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.10.jns1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
The surgical treatment of many large arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is associated with substantial risks, and many are considered inoperable. Furthermore, AVMs larger than 3 cm in diameter are not usually treated with conventional single-session radiosurgery encompassing the entire AVM volume. Volume-staged stereotactic radiosurgery (VS-SRS) is an option for large AVMs, but it has mixed results. The authors report on a series of patients with high-grade AVMs who underwent multiple VS-SRS sessions with resultant downgrading of the AVMs, followed by resection.
METHODS
A cohort of patients was retrieved from a single-institution AVM patient registry consisting of prospectively collected data. VS-SRS was performed as a planned intentional treatment. Surgery was considered as salvage therapy in select patients.
RESULTS
Sixteen AVMs underwent VS-SRS followed by surgery. Four AVMs presented with rupture. The mean patient age was 25.3 years (range 13–54 years). The average initial Spetzler-Martin grade before any treatment was 4, while the average supplemented Spetzler-Martin grade (Spetzler-Martin plus Lawton-Young) was 7.1. The average AVM size in maximum dimension was 5.9 cm (range 3.3–10 cm). All AVMs were supratentorial in location and all except one were in eloquent areas of the brain, with 7 involving primary motor cortex. The mean number of VS-SRS sessions was 2.7 (range 2–5 sessions). The mean interval between first VS-SRS session and resection was 5.7 years. There were 4 hemorrhages that occurred after VS-SRS. The average Spetzler-Martin grade was reduced to 2.5 (downgrade, −1.5) and the average supplemented Spetzler-Martin grade was reduced to 5.6 (downgrade, −1.5). The maximum AVM size was reduced to an average of 3.0 cm (downsize = −2.9 cm). The mean modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were 1.2, 2.3, and 2.2 before VS-SRS, before surgery, and at last follow-up, respectively (mean follow-up, 6.9 years). Fifteen AVMs were cured after surgery. Ten patients had good outcomes at last follow-up (7 with mRS Score 0 or 1, and 3 with mRS Score 2). There were 2 deaths (both mRS Score 1 before treatment) and 4 patients with mRS Score 3 outcome (from mRS Scores 0, 1, and 2 [n = 2]).
CONCLUSIONS
Volume-staged SRS can downgrade AVMs, transforming high-grade AVMs (initially considered inoperable) into operable AVMs with acceptable surgical risks. This treatment paradigm offers an alternative to conservative observation for young patients with unruptured AVMs and long life expectancy, where the risk of hemorrhage is substantial. Difficult AVMs were cured in 15 patients. Surgical morbidity associated with downgraded AVMs is reduced to that of postradiosurgical/preoperative supplemented Spetzler-Martin grades, not their initial AVM grades.
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Torrens M, Chung C, Chung HT, Hanssens P, Jaffray D, Kemeny A, Larson D, Levivier M, Lindquist C, Lippitz B, Novotny J, Paddick I, Prasad D, Yu CP. Standardization of terminology in stereotactic radiosurgery: Report from the Standardization Committee of the International Leksell Gamma Knife Society. J Neurosurg 2014; 121 Suppl:2-15. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.7.gks141199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ObjectThis report has been prepared to ensure more uniform reporting of Gamma Knife radiosurgery treatment parameters by identifying areas of controversy, confusion, or imprecision in terminology and recommending standards.MethodsSeveral working group discussions supplemented by clarification via email allowed the elaboration of a series of provisional recommendations. These were also discussed in open session at the 16th International Leksell Gamma Knife Society Meeting in Sydney, Australia, in March 2012 and approved subject to certain revisions and the performance of an Internet vote for approval from the whole Society. This ballot was undertaken in September 2012.ResultsThe recommendations in relation to volumes are that Gross Target Volume (GTV) should replace Target Volume (TV); Prescription Isodose Volume (PIV) should generally be used; the term Treated Target Volume (TTV) should replace TVPIV, GTV in PIV, and so forth; and the Volume of Accepted Tolerance Dose (VATD) should be used in place of irradiated volume. For dose prescription and measurement, the prescription dose should be supplemented by the Absorbed Dose, or DV% (for example, D95%), the maximum and minimum dose should be related to a specific tissue volume (for example, D2% or preferably D1 mm3), and the median dose (D50%) should be recorded routinely. The Integral Dose becomes the Total Absorbed Energy (TAE). In the assessment of planning quality, the use of the Target Coverage Ratio (TTV/ GTV), Paddick Conformity Index (PCI = TTV2/[GTV · PIV]), New Conformity Index (NCI = [GTV · PIV]/TTV2), Selectivity Index (TTV/PIV), Homogeneity Index (HI = [D2% –D98%]/D50%), and Gradient Index (GI = PIV0.5/PIV) are reemphasized. In relation to the dose to Organs at Risk (OARs), the emphasis is on dose volume recording of the VATD or the dose/volume limit (for example, V10) in most cases, with the additional use of a Maximum Dose to a small volume (such as 1 mm3) and/or a Point Dose and Mean Point Dose in certain circumstances, particularly when referring to serial organs. The recommendations were accepted by the International Leksell Gamma Knife Society by a vote of 92% to 8%.ConclusionsAn agreed-upon and uniform terminology and subsequent standardization of certain methods and procedures will advance the clinical science of stereotactic radiosurgery.
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Essinger-Hileman T, Ali A, Amiri M, Appel JW, Araujo D, Bennett CL, Boone F, Chan M, Cho HM, Chuss DT, Colazo F, Crowe E, Denis K, Dünner R, Eimer J, Gothe D, Halpern M, Harrington K, Hilton GC, Hinshaw GF, Huang C, Irwin K, Jones G, Karakla J, Kogut AJ, Larson D, Limon M, Lowry L, Marriage T, Mehrle N, Miller AD, Miller N, Moseley SH, Novak G, Reintsema C, Rostem K, Stevenson T, Towner D, U-Yen K, Wagner E, Watts D, Wollack EJ, Xu Z, Zeng L. CLASS: the cosmology large angular scale surveyor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1117/12.2056701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Wang J, Molvin L, Marsh D, Zorich C, Chan F, Newman B, Larson D, Phillips L, Leung A, Fleischmann D. TH-C-18A-08: A Management Tool for CT Dose Monitoring, Analysis, and Protocol Review. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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82
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Ma L, Sahgal A, Larson D, McDermott M, Sneed P. SU-D-16A-06: Modeling Biological Effects of Residual Uncertainties For Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4887862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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83
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Hossain S, Hildebrand K, Ahmad S, Larson D, Sahgal A, Ma L. SU-E-T-568: Improving Normal Brain Sparing with Increasing Number of Arc Beams for Volume Modulated Arc Beam Radiosurgery of Multiple Brain Metastases. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Conway AJ, Saadi WM, Sinatra FL, Kowalski G, Larson D, Fiering J. Dispersion of a Nanoliter Bolus in Microfluidic Co-Flow. JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2014; 24:034006. [PMID: 25045205 PMCID: PMC4100624 DOI: 10.1088/0960-1317/24/3/034006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems enable reactions and assays on the scale of nanoliters. However, at this scale nonuniformities in sample delivery become significant. To determine the fundamental minimum sample volume required for a particular device, a detailed understanding of mass transport is required. Co-flowing laminar streams are widely used in many devices, but typically only in the steady-state. Because establishing the co-flow steady-state consumes excess sample volume and time, there is a benefit to operating devices in the transient state, which predominates as the volume of the co-flow reactor decreases. Analysis of the co-flow transient has been neglected thus far. In this work we describe the fabrication of a pneumatically controlled microfluidic injector constructed to inject a discrete 50nL bolus into one side of a two-stream co-flow reactor. Using dye for image analysis, injections were performed at a range of flow rates from 0.5-10μL/min, and for comparison we collected the co-flow steady-state data for this range. The results of the image analysis were also compared against theory and simulations for device validation. For evaluation, we established a metric that indicates how well the mass distribution in the bolus injection approximates steady-state co-flow. Using such analysis, transient-state injections can approximate steady-state conditions within predefined errors, allowing straight forward measurements to be performed with reduced reagent consumption.
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Linder BJ, Umbreit EC, Larson D, Dozois EJ, Thapa P, Elliott DS. Effect of Prior Radiotherapy and Ablative Therapy on Surgical Outcomes for the Treatment of Rectourethral Fistulas. J Urol 2013; 190:1287-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ma L, Sahgal A, Wang B, Hossain S, Ahmad S, Larson D. SU-E-T-669: Dose Interplay Effects in Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) of Multiple Brain Lesions. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Linder B, Umbreit E, Larson D, Dozois E, Elliott D. 1377 THE IMPACT OF PRIOR ABLATIVE THERAPY ON OUTCOMES FOLLOWING SURGICAL REPAIR OF A RECTOURETHRAL FISTULA. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wagholikar K, Sohn S, Wu S, Kaggal V, Buehler S, Greenes RA, Wu TT, Larson D, Liu H, Chaudhry R, Boardman L. Workflow-based Data Reconciliation for Clinical Decision Support: Case of Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 2013:269-73. [PMID: 24303280 PMCID: PMC3845748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A major barrier for computer-based clinical decision support (CDS), is the difficulty in obtaining the patient information required for decision making. The information gap is often due to deficiencies in the clinical documentation. One approach to address this gap is to gather and reconcile data from related documents or data sources. In this paper we consider the case of a CDS system for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance. We describe the use of workflow analysis to design data reconciliation processes. Further, we perform a quantitative analysis of the impact of these processes on system performance using a dataset of 106 patients. Results show that data reconciliation considerably improves the performance of the system. Our study demonstrates that, workflow-based data reconciliation can play a vital role in designing new-generation CDS systems that are based on complex guideline models and use natural language processing (NLP) to obtain patient data.
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Strozzi D, Tabak M, Larson D, Marinak M, Key M, Divol L, Kemp A, Bellei C, Shay H. Cone-guided fast ignition with noimposed magnetic fields. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135903012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Key M, Amendt P, Bellei C, Clark D, Cohen B, Divol L, Ho D, Kemp A, Larson D, Marinak M, Patel P, Shay H, Strozzi D, Tabak M. Progress and prospects for an IFE relevant FI point design. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135903011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ishak WW, Bagot K, Thomas S, Magakian N, Bedwani D, Larson D, Brownstein A, Zaky C. Quality of life in patients suffering from insomnia. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2012; 9:13-26. [PMID: 23198273 PMCID: PMC3508958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systematic review of the literature pertaining to quality of life studies in adults suffering from insomnia, by specifically addressing the following questions: 1) What is the impact of insomnia on quality of life? 2) To what extent do comorbid conditions affect quality of life in patients with insomnia? 3) What is the impact of insomnia treatment on quality of life? DESIGN Our search was conducted using the MEDLINE/PubMed and PsycINFO databases from the past 25 years (1987-2012), using the keywords "Insomnia" AND "Quality of Life," "QOL," "Health-related quality of life," or "HRQOL." Fifty-eight studies were selected for inclusion by two physicians who reached a consensus about the studies to include in this review. RESULTS The literature reveals that quality of life is severely impaired in individuals with insomnia, comorbid conditions significantly affects quality of life negatively, and sleep restoration techniques, including cognitive behavioral therapy and medications, are successful at improving quality of life. However, restoration of quality of life to community levels is still unclear. CONCLUSION Insomnia and its comorbidities negatively affect an individual's quality of life, and different modalities of treatment can produce improvements in physical and psychological wellbeing and quality of life. More research is needed to develop more interventions that specifically focus on improving quality of life in patients suffering from insomnia.
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Garberich R, Rutten-Ramos S, Poulose A, Larson D, Henry T. TCT-530 Predictors and Clinical Outcomes Related to Door-in Door-out Times. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Johnston P, Getgood A, Larson D, Chojnowski AJ, Chakrabarti AJ, Chapman PG. De la Caffinière thumb trapeziometacarpal joint arthroplasty: 16-26 year follow-up. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2012; 37:621-4. [PMID: 22190568 DOI: 10.1177/1753193411433226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-one patients (93 implants) had a de la Caffinière prosthesis implanted between 1980 and 1989 and were reviewed and reported in 1997. We reviewed this series 10 years later. Similar outcome measures were used as in the original study, pinch and grip strength measured and validated outcome scores obtained (DASH and EQ-5D). Radiographic outcome was assessed. Twenty-six patients with 39 implants were available for review at a mean of 19 years (range, 16-26 years). Survivorship at 26 years was 73.9% (95% CI, 61.2 to 86.6) for re-operation and 26.0% (95% CI, 0 to 52.7) for all failure. Patients had satisfactory power and thumb mobility and continued to be satisfied without pain. Registries should log such prostheses and add to implant survival data.
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Ma L, Sahgal A, Kirby N, Larson D. SU-E-T-253: Assessing Small-Volume Cord Biological Effective Dose for Repeat Spinal Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Treatments. Med Phys 2012; 39:3761. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Mitre E, Shi Y, Torrero M, Mueller E, Larson D, Soloviova K, Stocker J, Davies S, Tarbell K, Hubner M. Immune regulatory mechanisms, not alteration in Th1/Th2 skewing, are responsible for helminth-mediated protection against type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. (116.3). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.116.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Both Th2 immune responses and regulatory responses are increased during helminth infection and have the potential to be the mechanisms by which helminth infections protect against Th1-driven autoimmune diseases. We investigated these mechanisms by evaluating diabetes development in NOD mice infected with the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis in settings of depletion or absence of IL-4, regulatory T cells, IL-10, and TGFβ. Despite the absence of a Th2 immune shift, infection of IL-4-deficient NOD mice with L. sigmodontis prevented diabetes onset in all mice studied. Infections in immunocompetent and IL-4-deficient NOD mice were accompanied by increases in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cell frequencies and numbers, respectively, increased proliferation of CD4+FoxP3+ cells, and increased production of TGFβ. Depletion of FoxP3+ T cells from splenocytes transferred into NOD.scid mice did not decrease helminth-mediated protection against diabetes onset. Continuous depletion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGFβ, but not blockade of IL-10 signaling, prevented the beneficial effect of helminth infection on diabetes. This study demonstrates that helminth-mediated protection against autoimmunity is not dependent on the induction of a Th2 shift but does require TGFβ. These findings suggest it may be possible to develop helminth-derived therapies for autoimmunity that induce protective regulatory responses without upregulating potentially harmful proallergic Th2 responses.
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Larson D, Hübner MP, Torrero MN, Morris CP, Brankin A, Swierczewski BE, Davies SJ, Vonakis BM, Mitre E. Chronic helminth infection reduces basophil responsiveness in an IL-10-dependent manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4188-99. [PMID: 22461700 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Basophils play a key role in the development and effector phases of type 2 immune responses in both allergic diseases and helminth infections. This study shows that basophils become less responsive to IgE-mediated stimulation when mice are chronically infected with Litomosoides sigmodontis, a filarial nematode, and Schistosoma mansoni, a blood fluke. Although excretory/secretory products from microfilariae of L. sigmodontis suppressed basophils in vitro, transfer of microfilariae into mice did not result in basophil suppression. Rather, reduced basophil responsiveness, which required the presence of live helminths, was found to be dependent on host IL-10 and was accompanied by decreases in key IgE signaling molecules known to be downregulated by IL-10. Given the importance of basophils in the development of type 2 immune responses, these findings help explain the mechanism by which helminths protect against allergy and may have broad implications for understanding how helminth infections alter other disease states in people.
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Ma L, Sahgal A, Larson D. In reply to Furweger et al. (Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.11.030). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 82:1324; author reply 1324. [PMID: 22385727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Oelfke JM, Larson D, Sharkey S, Garberich RF, Burke MN, Pagan-Carlo L, Henry T. BARRIERS TO UPSTREAM ADMINISTRATION OF BIVALIRUDIN IN PATIENTS PRESENTING TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT WITH HIGH RISK NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(12)60362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Larson D, Hildebrandt D, Garberich R, Newell M, Sharkey S, Pedersen W, Henry T. RESULT OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS ≥90 YEARS OLD. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(12)60463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Larson D, Mitre E. Histamine release and surface CD200R1 staining as sensitive methods for assessing murine mast cell activation. J Immunol Methods 2012; 379:15-22. [PMID: 22394590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are important effector cells of allergy and are involved in the pathology of many other diseases. Measurement of β-hexosaminidase activity, the most commonly used method for evaluation of murine mast cell activity, requires a large number of cells and thus is of limited utility for studying mast cells in mouse models of disease. In this study we evaluated the sensitivity of histamine release as compared to β-hexosaminidase activity in the measurement of mast cell activation. Whereas a minimum of 6×10(4) mast cells per ml were required to detect slight increases in β-hexosaminidase activity after anti-IgE and ionomycin stimulation, substantial increases in histamine release could be detected under the same activating conditions with as few as 480 mast cells per ml. These findings demonstrate that measurement of histamine release is substantially more sensitive than assessment of β-hexosaminidase activity for detecting mast cell activation. Additionally, we describe a novel flow cytometric method for detecting murine mast cell activation. When using 7.5×10(5) peritoneal cells per condition and gating on IgE+c-kit+cells, mast cell expression of surface CD200R1 increased after both IgE and non IgE-mediated activation. This flow cytometric procedure was uncomplicated and rapid, with increases in surface CD200R1 expression appearing after as little as 30 min of stimulation time. Measuring histamine release and surface CD200R1 expression are sensitive approaches for detection of murine mast cell activation. Further, both approaches can be done on unpurified peritoneal cell populations. By requiring low numbers of cells, these approaches are ideal for investigating mast cell activation in murine models of disease.
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