76
|
Hanifah MFR, Jaafar J, Othman M, Ismail A, Rahman M, Yusof N, Aziz F. Electro-spun of novel PVDF-Pt-Pd/RGO-CeO2 composite nanofibers as the high potential of robust anode catalyst in direct methanol fuel cell: Fabrication and characterization. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
77
|
Al Alkeem F, Loney T, Aziz F, Blair I, Sonnevend Á, Sheek-Hussein M. Prevalence and factors associated with infectious intestinal diseases in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, 2017: A population-based cross-sectional study. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 85:188-194. [PMID: 31202907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a rapidly developing high-income country that has experienced significant population growth, urbanization, and improvements in the standard of living since its formation in 1971. Published estimates on the prevalence of infectious intestinal diseases (IID) in the UAE are scarce and exclusively based on hospital data. The aim of this study was to provide the first prevalence estimates of IID in the UAE. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study design using a telephone-based questionnaire was used to estimate the IID prevalence in the previous 4 weeks in a representative sample of the Ras Al Khaimah (RAK) population from January to September 2017. RESULTS Data were collected from 1254 participants (57.3% male; 25.2% <18 years). The prevalence of IID was 4.2% in the 4 weeks prior to the interview. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that being female (odds ratio (OR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-5.1) and having a middle-range monthly household income (approx. USD 4080-<6800: OR 5.42, 95% CI 1.15-25.48; approx. USD 6800-<9530: OR 7.13, 95% CI 1.47-34.57) were positively associated with IID. Age ≥6 years was negatively associated with IID (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90-0.99). Forty-nine percent of participants with an IID sought medical care and 20.8% took over-the-counter medication. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first population-based prevalence estimates of IID in the UAE, which are similar to those reported in China (4%), but lower than those reported in Canada (10%), the Netherlands (7%), and the USA (6%).
Collapse
|
78
|
Jorgenson MR, Descourouez JL, Astor BC, Smith JA, Aziz F, Redfield RR, Mandelbrot DA. Very Early Cytomegalovirus Infection After Renal Transplantation: A Single-Center 20-Year Perspective. Virology (Auckl) 2019; 10:1178122X19840371. [PMID: 30983861 PMCID: PMC6448111 DOI: 10.1177/1178122x19840371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection risk in the first month after transplantation is felt to be minimal; however, the epidemiology has not been specifically investigated, particularly in the modern era of potent immunosuppressive regimens and universal CMV prophylaxis. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of and risk factors associated with CMV occurring less than 30 days after transplant and evaluate the effect of very early CMV on outcomes. Methods: Retrospective, single-center study of adult renal transplant (RTX) recipients between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2014. Results: A total of 5225 patients who received a renal transplant in the study time period were reviewed for the presence of CMV infection occurring less than 30 days after transplant. Of these, only 14 patients demonstrated this finding for an overall incidence of 0.27%. Half of these patients were considered to be at heightened risk due to being a recipient of a non-primary transplant or on chronic immunosuppression. This left seven patients without known risk factors for very early CMV to evaluate. In this group, time from transplant to CMV infection was 13.5 ± 7 days. The majority (57.1%, n = 4) were high-risk serostatus (CMV D+/R−) and occurred in the valganciclovir era (71.4%, n = 5). Lymphocyte-depleting induction predominated (57.1%, n = 4). Average cold ischemic time (CIT) was 19.7 ± 7.7 hours. Three patients had post-operative complications, two required exploratory-laparotomy for hemorrhage. When evaluating outcomes, 43% (n = 3) had subsequent episodes of CMV infection, 28.6% (n = 2) developed rejection, and 28.6% (n = 2) died. Outcomes between patients with CMV infection less than 30 days and those with CMV infection more than 30 days after transplant were not significantly different. Conclusions: In our review of over 5000 kidney transplants, the incidence of CMV infection in the first 30 days after renal transplant is 0.2%. Notable common patient characteristics include hemorrhage requiring re-operation and prolonged CIT. Outcomes were similar to CMV occurring more than 30 days after transplant. This study should provide the clinician with some reassurance; despite potent immunosuppressive therapy, CMV infection in the first 30 days is unlikely.
Collapse
|
79
|
Aziz F, Chaudhary K. Lupus Nephritis: A Treatment Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 13:4-13. [PMID: 29611488 DOI: 10.2174/1574884713666180403150359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common complication in many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, although renal-limited lupus nephritis has been reported as well. Early diagnosis of lupus nephritis is critical as early detection and effective treatment can improve renal outcomes in such patients. OBJECTIVE The treatment of lupus nephritis is largely determined based on the histological class present on the renal biopsy specimen. In most cases, Class I and II of lupus nephritis do not require any specific treatment, but class III and IV lupus nephritis require immunosuppressive therapy. Treatment of Class V and VI remains controversial. In 2012, six guidelines were introduced for the management of lupus nephritis. These guidelines offer comprehensive treatment plans for each class of Lupus nephritis but differ from each other in many aspects. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature of the available pharmacological treatments used in the six classes of lupus nephritis as well as resistant lupus nephritis, strategies to address the problems of inadequate therapeutic response, medication related side effects, relapses of lupus nephritis, and some future treatment options. METHODS We reviewed the available literature and treatment guidelines on lupus nephritis in detail to present a comprehensive review of the available treatment options for different classes of lupus nephritis. CONCLUSION Lupus nephritis which does not respond to initial treatment is associated with worse renal outcomes. Several therapeutic approaches are available for the induction and maintenance immunosuppression of the different classes of LN. Management of LN should be individualized for each patient based on their risk-benefit profile.
Collapse
|
80
|
Djamali A, Singh T, Melamed ML, Stein JH, Aziz F, Parajuli S, Mohamed M, Garg N, Mandelbrot D, Wesson DE, Astor BC. Metabolic Acidosis 1 Year Following Kidney Transplantation and Subsequent Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: An Observational Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 73:476-485. [PMID: 30704880 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Recent studies suggest that metabolic acidosis is associated with mortality and graft failure in kidney transplant recipients. However, it is unknown whether serum bicarbonate (measured as total carbon dioxide [tCO2] in serum) levels predict cardiovascular events (CVEs) following kidney transplantation. STUDY DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS Single-center study of 2,128 kidney transplant recipients free of CVEs during the first 13.5 months following transplantation. PREDICTOR tCO2 level at 1 year posttransplantation. OUTCOMES Ischemic, arrhythmic, and heart failure CVEs and death from any cause. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Independent associations were assessed using multivariable proportional hazards regression models. Restricted cubic spline Poisson models were used to explore nonlinear associations. Linear spline proportional hazards models were used to assess associations at different tCO2 levels. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic acidosis defined as tCO2 level < 24 mEq/L was 38.8% (n=826). There were 384 recipients with a CVE and 610 deaths during a median follow-up of 4.0 years. CVEs included 241 ischemic, 137 arrhythmic, and 150 heart failure events. tCO2 level < 20 mEq/L was associated with increased risk for CVEs (adjusted HR [aHR], 2.00; 95% CI, 1.29-3.10) compared to the reference category of tCO2 level of 24.0 to 25.9 mEq/L. This association was primarily due to ischemic CVEs (aHR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.34-3.90). For every 1 mEq/L lower tCO2 level for those with tCO2 < 24 mEq/L, risks for all CVEs and ischemic events were 17% and 15% higher, respectively (aHR for all CVEs of 0.83 [95% CI, 0.74-0.94] and aHR for ischemic CVEs of 0.85 [95% CI, 0.74-0.99]). Notably, tCO2 level < 20 mEq/L, compared to tCO2 level of 24.0 to 25.9 mEq/L, was independently associated with all-cause mortality (aHR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.02-2.02). For every 1-mEq/L lower tCO2 level for those with tCO2 < 24 mEq/L, there was 17% higher risk for death (aHR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.92). LIMITATIONS Single-center observational study. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic acidosis is an independent risk factor for ischemic CVEs after kidney transplantation. It is unknown whether correction of acidosis improves outcomes in these patients.
Collapse
|
81
|
Parajuli S, Mandelbrot DA, Aziz F, Garg N, Muth B, Mohamed M, Armbrust MJ, Astor BC, Djamali A. Characteristics and Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients with a Functioning Graft for More than 25 Years. KIDNEY DISEASES 2018; 4:255-261. [PMID: 30574502 DOI: 10.1159/000491575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Information regarding the clinical characteristics and outcomes of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with > 25 years of graft survival is limited. Methods In this single-center observational study, we characterized KTRs transplanted between 1973 and 1992 with active follow-up as of July 31, 2017. Results We identified 112 patients with > 25 years of allograft function. The mean posttransplantation follow-up was 29.8 ± 4.0 years. Glomerulonephritis was the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (52%). The majority received live donor transplants (66%), including 25 patients (22%) with human leukocyte antigen-matched kidneys. The incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was 21%, ranging from 0 to 26 years post transplantation. Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) were checked in 80% of patients at a mean of 28.4 ± 0.11 years post transplantation. Of these, only 15% were positive. The incidence of malignancy was 44%, with nonmelanoma skin cancers being most common. The incidence of infectious complications was 77%, mostly represented by urinary tract infections. At the time of last follow-up, 63% were on a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-free regimen, mean serum creatinine was 1.4 ± 0.6 mg/dL, and the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia was 89 and 88%, respectively. Conclusion The majority of patients with a long-term functioning graft had glomerulonephritis as cause of ESRD, had received a live donor kidney, were on a CNI-free regimen, and had a low incidence of DSA and opportunistic infections. These characteristics define a unique group of patients requiring specific posttransplantation monitoring and management.
Collapse
|
82
|
Awang NA, Wan Salleh WN, Ismail AF, Yusof N, Aziz F, Jaafar J. Adsorption Behavior of Chromium(VI) onto Regenerated Cellulose Membrane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
83
|
Shehzad S, Shah S, Aziz F, Al-Maskari F. PO596 Emergence of CVD Risk Factors In Elementary School Children In United Arab Emirates: Role of Obesity? Glob Heart 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2018.09.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
84
|
Aziz F, Garg N, Parajuli S, Djamali A, Stein JH, Mandelbrot D. Lipid lowering in dialysis patients with cardiovascular disease who are awaiting kidney transplantation. Clin Transplant 2018; 33:e13452. [PMID: 30466167 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemias are highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, and kidney transplant patients. These dyslipidemias are associated with high cardiovascular risk and mortality. Many clinical trials have shown that statin therapy can significantly reduce adverse cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients and kidney transplant recipients. However, three major trials did not show a benefit of statin therapy in end-stage renal disease patients on dialysis. Major guidelines either recommend against the use of statins in patients on dialysis or provide no recommendations about statin use for this complex patient population. As a result, we suspect many patients on dialysis are not on statins, even if they have known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. When these patients receive kidney transplants, the risk of adverse cardiovascular events increases in the peri-operative period. Although there are no randomized clinical trials looking at statin use in these patients, we suggest that statin use be considered in patients with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, to potentially minimize peri-operative cardiovascular complications. We also recommend further research to determine whether statin therapy in dialysis patients awaiting kidney transplant is associated with better survival.
Collapse
|
85
|
Aziz F, Ing TS, Misra M. Kirpal Singh Chugh (1932-2017). Artif Organs 2018; 42:1015-1016. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
86
|
Yahya N, Aziz F, Jamaludin A, Aizat A, Mutalib MA, Jaafar J, Lau WJ, Yusof N, Salleh WNW, Ismail AF. Effects of the Citric Acid Addition on the Morphology, Surface Area, and Photocatalytic Activity of LaFeO3 Nanoparticles Prepared by Glucose-Based Gel Combustion Methods. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
87
|
Aziz F, Clark D, Garg N, Mandelbrot D, Djamali A. Hypertension guidelines: How do they apply to kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2018; 32:225-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
88
|
Aboobacker IN, Krishnakumar A, Narayanan S, Hafeeque B, Gopinathan JC, Aziz F. Nail-Patella Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in Pregnancy. Indian J Nephrol 2018. [PMID: 29515307 PMCID: PMC5830815 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_362_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nail–Patella syndrome (NPS) is an inherited disease with characteristic nail, limb, and renal anomalies. While almost all patients manifest classical skeletal and nail abnormalities, renal involvement is seen in only 40% of patients. Asymptomatic proteinuria is the most common renal presentation. Although a substantial number of patients can progress to nephrotic range proteinuria, development of end-stage kidney disease is rare. Pathological abnormalities are appreciable only by electron microscopy. Our patient who had not been diagnosed with NPS previously presented with new-onset proteinuria during the second trimester of her first pregnancy. The characteristic physical and radiological features confirmed the diagnosis of NPS. Her clinical course was complicated by nephrotic syndrome with fetal loss at 22 weeks and postpartum renal vein thrombosis. Nephrotic state improved after termination of pregnancy. She was managed with angiotensin receptor blocker and anticoagulation. At the end of 2 years of follow-up, she has normal glomerular filtration rate with minimal proteinuria.
Collapse
|
89
|
Aziz F, Ing TS, Misra M. Lee West Henderson (1930-2017). Artif Organs 2018; 42:113-114. [PMID: 29436024 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
90
|
Parajuli S, Arpali E, Astor BC, Djamali A, Aziz F, Redfield RR, Sollinger HW, Kaufman DB, Odorico J, Mandelbrot DA. Concurrent biopsies of both grafts in recipients of simultaneous pancreas and kidney demonstrate high rates of discordance for rejection as well as discordance in type of rejection - a retrospective study. Transpl Int 2017; 31:32-37. [PMID: 28672081 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
91
|
Salleh MT, Jaafar J, Mohamed MA, Norddin M, Ismail A, Othman M, Rahman MA, Yusof N, Aziz F, Salleh W. Stability of SPEEK/Cloisite ® /TAP nanocomposite membrane under Fenton reagent condition for direct methanol fuel cell application. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
92
|
Aziz F, Chaudhary K. Life threatening nutritional deficiencies in a dialysis patient. Hemodial Int 2017; 21:E50-E53. [DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
93
|
Aziz F, Chaudhary K. Peritoneal Dialysis in Patients with Abdominal Surgeries and Abdominal Complications. ADVANCES IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS. CONFERENCE ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS 2017; 33:40-46. [PMID: 29668430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an excellent treatment option for the patients with end-stage renal disease, having been shown to yield improved patient satisfaction and economic benefit. Many surgeons and physicians believe that patients with prior abdominal surgeries or other abdominal complications are not viable candidates for PD and that prevalent PD patients needing abdominal surgery should be switched to hemodialysis. The purpose of the present review is to address those misconceptions.Our review of literature shows that, when appropriately planned, PD can still be an acceptable option for patients with end-stage renal disease and certain abdominal complications, including abdominal surgery, provided that the peritoneum is not compromised. Anticipating complications-and changing the PD prescription accordingly-can allow many such patients to continue PD without any interruption, thus maintaining their lifestyle and avoiding an increase in medical expense.
Collapse
|
94
|
Aziz F, Chaudhary K. The Triad of Sleep Apnea, Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Spectrum of Common Pathology. Cardiorenal Med 2016; 7:74-82. [PMID: 27994605 DOI: 10.1159/000450796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are different entities and are generally managed individually most of the time. However, CKD, OSA, and hypertension share many common risk factors and it is not uncommon to see this complex triad together. In fact, they share similar pathophysiology and have been interlinked with each other. The common pathophysiology includes chronic volume overload, hyperaldosteronism, increased sympathetic activity, endothelial dysfunction, and increased inflammatory markers. The combination of this triad has significant negative impact on the cardiovascular health, and increases the mortality and morbidity in this complicated group of patients. On one hand, progression of CKD can lead to the worsening of OSA and hypertension; similarly, worsening sleep apnea can make the hypertension difficult to treat and enhance the progression of CKD. This review article highlights the bidirectional interlink among these apparently different disease processes which share common pathophysiological mechanisms and emphasizes the importance of treating them collectively to improve outcomes.
Collapse
|
95
|
Kerai S, Baloch B, Nisar I, Brown N, Aziz F, Jehan F. Seasonal drivers of WHO defined fast breathing pneumonia - impact of viral activity in the nasopharyngeal niche’. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
96
|
Kerai S, Nisar I, Balouch B, Aziz F, Jehan F. Randomized equivalence trial of amoxicillin versus placebo for fast breathing pneumonia (RETAPP). Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
97
|
Aziz F, Raffetto J, Diaz J, Myers D, Ozsvath K, Lal B. Practice Patterns of Adjunctive Therapy for Venous Leg Ulcers. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2015.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
98
|
Aziz F. Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. ANNALS OF PALLIATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 1:130-6. [PMID: 25841473 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2224-5820.2012.07.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy can be a life-prolonging treatment for many cancer patients, but it is often associated with profound nausea and vomiting that is so distressing that patients may delay or decline treatment to avoid these side effects. The discovery of several NK1 receptor antagonists is a big revolution to dealt this problem. NK1 receptor antagonists prevent both acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). These agents act centrally at NK-1 receptors in vomiting centers within the central nervous system to block their activation by substance P released as an unwanted consequence of chemotherapy. By controlling nausea and vomiting, these agents help improve patients' daily living and their ability to complete multiple cycles of chemotherapy. They are effective for both moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimens. Their use might be associated with increased infection rates; however, additional appraisal of specific data from RCTs is needed.
Collapse
|
99
|
Aziz F. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for staging of lung cancer: a concise review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 1:208-13. [PMID: 25806182 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2012.09.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) offers a minimally invasive alternative to mediastinoscopy with additional access to the hilar nodes, a better safety profile, and it removes the costs and hazards of theatre time and general anesthesia with comparable sensitivity, although the negative predictive value of mediastinoscopy (and sample size) is greater. EBUS- TBNA also obtains larger samples than conventional TBNA, has superior performance and theoretically is safer, allowing real-time sampling under direct vision. It can also have predictive value both in sonographic appearance of the nodes and histological characteristics. EBUS-TBNA is therefore indicated for NSCLC staging, diagnosis of lung cancer when there is no endobronchial lesion, and diagnosis of both benign (especially tuberculosis and sarcoidosis) and malignant mediastinal lesions. The procedure is different than for flexible bronchoscopy, takes longer, and requires more training. EBUS-TBNA is more expensive than conventional TBNA but can save costs by reducing the number of more costly mediastinoscopies. In the future, endobronchial ultrasound may have applications in airways disease and pulmonary vascular disease.
Collapse
|
100
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, as well as an important cause of disability, although many women and their physicians underestimate the risk. The pathogenesis, presentation and diagnosis of CVDs are different in women than men, which make the women prone to under-treatment for these diseases. More gender-based research regarding the management of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women needs to be done. Exercise, hypertension treatment, smoking cessation and aspirin therapy are effective measures for the primary prevention of CAD in women. The roles of hormone replacement therapy in primary prevention are not well established. Hormone replacement therapy has not been effective in lowering the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction. Cardiologists and family physicians should emphasize the use of proven treatments, with particular attention given to underserved populations.
Collapse
|