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Poulsen NN, Pedersen ME, Østergaard J, Petersen NJ, Nielsen CT, Heegaard NHH, Jensen H. Flow-Induced Dispersion Analysis for Probing Anti-dsDNA Antibody Binding Heterogeneity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: Toward a New Approach for Diagnosis and Patient Stratification. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9056-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Jensen SS, Jensen H, Goodall DM, Østergaard J. Performance characteristics of UV imaging instrumentation for diffusion, dissolution and release testing studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:113-123. [PMID: 27589028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UV imaging is capable of providing spatially and temporally resolved absorbance measurements, which is highly beneficial in drug diffusion, dissolution and release testing studies. For optimal planning and design of experiments, knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of the imaging system is required. The aim of this study was to characterize the performance of two commercially available UV imaging systems, the D100 and SDI. Lidocaine crystals, lidocaine containing solutions, and gels were applied in the practical assessment of the UV imaging systems. Dissolution of lidocaine from single crystals into phosphate buffer and 0.5% (w/v) agarose hydrogel at pH 7.4 was investigated to shed light on the importance of density gradients under dissolution conditions in the absence of convective flow. In addition, the resolution of the UV imaging systems was assessed by the use of grids. Resolution was found to be better in the vertical direction than the horizontal direction, consistent with the illumination geometry. The collimating lens in the SDI imaging system was shown to provide more uniform light intensity across the UV imaging area and resulted in better resolution as compared to the D100 imaging system (a system without a lens). Under optimal conditions, the resolution was determined to be 12.5 and 16.7 line pairs per mm (lp/mm) corresponding to line widths of 40μm and 30μm in the horizontal and vertical direction, respectively. Overall, the performance of the UV imaging systems was shown mainly to depend on collimation of light, the light path, the positioning of the object relative to the line of 100μm fibres which forms the light source, and the distance of the object from the sensor surface.
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Fuchs D, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Jensen H, Rand KD, Honoré Hansen S, Petersen NJ. Fully Automated Electro Membrane Extraction Autosampler for LC–MS Systems Allowing Soft Extractions for High-Throughput Applications. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6797-804. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kjærgaard KA, Christiansen M, Schmidt M, Olsen MS, Jensen H. MORTALITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AMONG RELATIVES TO PROBANDS WITH LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR MUTATION-VERIFIED FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA: A 20-YEAR COHORT STUDY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(16)31855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Holand H, Kvalnes T, Gamelon M, Tufto J, Jensen H, Pärn H, Ringsby TH, Sæther BE. Spatial variation in senescence rates in a bird metapopulation. Oecologia 2016; 181:865-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nielsen PH, Hjortdal V, Modrau IS, Jensen H, Kimose HH, Terp K, Poulsen SH, Smerup M, Nielsen SL. Durability after aortic valve replacement with the Mitroflow versus the Perimount pericardial bioprosthesis: a single-centre experience in 2393 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 49:1705-10. [PMID: 26984983 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compares the durability and risk of reoperation in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) with either a Mitroflow or a Carpentier-Edwards (CE) pericardial bioprosthesis. Since AVR with bioprosthetic valves has increased progressively in recent years as compared to mechanical valves, especially in patients aged 60-70 years, there has been renewed interest in the long-term durability of current pericardial bioprostheses. METHODS We compared 440 AVR with Mitroflow valves with 1953 AVR with CE pericardial valves implanted from 1999 to 2014 with regard to reoperation, reoperation for structural valve deterioration (SVD) and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Ten-year freedom from explant of any cause was higher for CE Perimount (98 ± 0.7%) than for Mitroflow (95 ± 1.4%, P < 0.01). Reasons for explant for CE Perimount were SVD (n = 2), endocarditis (n = 8) and paraprosthetic leak (n = 10). The reasons for explant for Mitroflow were SVD (n = 11), endocarditis (n = 3) SVD and pericarditis (n = 1) and paraprosthetic leak (n = 2). Ten-year freedom from explant due to SVD was higher for CE Perimount (100%) than for Mitroflow (96%) (P < 0.01). In small aortic annuli (bioprosthesis size 19-21 mm), freedom from SVD at 10 years for CE Perimount and Mitroflow was 100 versus 96%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, it was found that bioprosthesis size was not a risk factor for SVD. The choice of valve type could not be demonstrated to influence long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS The Mitroflow pericardial bioprosthesis provides less than optimal mid- and long-term durability compared with the CE Perimount pericardial valve, especially for small aortic diameter implants (19 and 21 mm). This study hereby confirms the existence of a real risk of valvular deterioration of the Mitroflow valve that might compromise the prognosis of the patients.
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Nossen I, Ciesielski TM, Dimmen MV, Jensen H, Ringsby TH, Polder A, Rønning B, Jenssen BM, Styrishave B. Steroids in house sparrows (Passer domesticus): Effects of POPs and male quality signalling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 547:295-304. [PMID: 26789367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
At high trophic levels, environmental contaminants have been found to affect endocrinological processes. Less attention has been paid to species at lower trophic levels. The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) may be a useful model for investigating effects of POPs in mid-range trophic level species. In male house sparrows, ornamental traits involved in male quality signalling are important for female selection. These traits are governed by endocrinological systems, and POPs may therefore interfere with male quality signalling. The aim of the present study was to use the house sparrow as a mid-range trophic level model species to study the effects of environmental contaminants on endocrinology and male quality signalling. We analysed the levels of selected PCBs, PBDEs and OCPs and investigated the possible effects of these contaminants on circulating levels of steroid hormones (4 progestagens, 4 androgens and 3 estrogens) in male and female adult house sparrows from a population on the island Leka, Norway. Plasma samples were analysed for steroid hormones by GC-MS and liver samples were analysed for environmental contaminants by GC-ECD and GC-MS. In males, we also quantified ornament traits. It was hypothesised that POPs may have endocrine disrupting effects on the local house sparrow population and can thus interfere with the steroid hormone homeostasis. Among female house sparrows, bivariate correlations revealed negative relationships between POPs and estrogens. Among male sparrows, positive relationships between dihydrotestosterone levels and PCBs were observed. In males, positive relationships were also found between steroids and beak length, and between steroids and ornamental traits such as total badge size. This was confirmed by a significant OPLS model between beak length and steroids. Although sparrows are in the mid-range trophic levels, the present study indicates that POPs may affect steroid homeostasis in house sparrows, in particular for females. For males, circulating steroid levels appears to be more associated with biometric parameters related to ornamental traits.
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Poulsen NN, Andersen NZ, Østergaard J, Zhuang G, Petersen NJ, Jensen H. Flow induced dispersion analysis rapidly quantifies proteins in human plasma samples. Analyst 2016; 140:4365-9. [PMID: 26031223 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00697j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive quantification of protein based biomarkers and drugs is a substantial challenge in diagnostics and biopharmaceutical drug development. Current technologies, such as ELISA, are characterized by being slow (hours), requiring relatively large amounts of sample and being subject to cumbersome and expensive assay development. In this work a new approach for quantification based on changes in diffusivity is presented. The apparent diffusivity of an indicator molecule interacting with the protein of interest is determined by Taylor Dispersion Analysis (TDA) in a hydrodynamic flow system. In the presence of the analyte the apparent diffusivity of the indicator changes due to complexation. This change in diffusivity is used to quantify the analyte. This approach, termed Flow Induced Dispersion Analysis (FIDA), is characterized by being fast (minutes), selective (quantification is possible in a blood plasma matrix), fully automated, and being subject to a simple assay development. FIDA is demonstrated for quantification of the protein Human Serum Albumin (HSA) in human plasma as well as for quantification of an antibody against HSA. The sensitivity of the FIDA assay depends on the indicator-analyte dissociation constant which in favourable cases is in the sub-nanomolar to picomolar range for antibody-antigen interactions.
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Ye F, Baldursdottir S, Hvidt S, Jensen H, Larsen SW, Yaghmur A, Larsen C, Østergaard J. Role of Electrostatic Interactions on the Transport of Druglike Molecules in Hydrogel-Based Articular Cartilage Mimics: Implications for Drug Delivery. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:819-28. [PMID: 26808484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the field of drug delivery to the articular cartilage, it is advantageous to apply artificial tissue models as surrogates of cartilage for investigating drug transport and release properties. In this study, artificial cartilage models consisting of 0.5% (w/v) agarose gel containing 0.5% (w/v) chondroitin sulfate or 0.5% (w/v) hyaluronic acid were developed, and their rheological and morphological properties were characterized. UV imaging was utilized to quantify the transport properties of the following four model compounds in the agarose gel and in the developed artificial cartilage models: H-Ala-β-naphthylamide, H-Lys-Lys-β-naphthylamide, lysozyme, and α-lactalbumin. The obtained results showed that the incorporation of the polyelectrolytes chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid into agarose gel induced a significant reduction in the apparent diffusivities of the cationic model compounds as compared to the pure agarose gel. The decrease in apparent diffusivity of the cationic compounds was not caused by a change in the gel structure since a similar reduction in apparent diffusivity was not observed for the net negatively charged protein α-lactalbumin. The apparent diffusivity of the cationic compounds in the negatively charged hydrogels was highly dependent on the ionic strength, pointing out the importance of electrostatic interactions between the diffusant and the polyelectrolytes. Solution based affinity studies between the model compounds and the two investigated polyelectrolytes further confirmed the electrostatic nature of their interactions. The results obtained from the UV imaging diffusion studies are important for understanding the effect of drug physicochemical properties on the transport in articular cartilage. The extracted information may be useful in the development of hydrogels for in vitro release testing having features resembling the articular cartilage.
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Bajraktari N, Madsen HT, Gruber MF, Jensen EL, Jensen H, Hélix-Nielsen C. Separation of Peptides and Interaction with Forward Osmosis Biomimetic Membranes: A Solution Diffusion Model. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Fuchs D, Gabel-Jensen C, Jensen H, Rand KD, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Hansen SH, Petersen NJ. Direct coupling of a flow–flow electromembrane extraction probe to LC-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 905:93-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rønning B, Broggi J, Bech C, Moe B, Ringsby TH, Pärn H, Hagen IJ, Sæther B, Jensen H. Is basal metabolic rate associated with recruit production and survival in free‐living house sparrows? Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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89
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Ringsby TH, Jensen H, Pärn H, Kvalnes T, Boner W, Gillespie R, Holand H, Hagen IJ, Rønning B, Sæther BE, Monaghan P. On being the right size: increased body size is associated with reduced telomere length under natural conditions. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20152331. [PMID: 26631569 PMCID: PMC4685786 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolution of body size is likely to involve trade-offs between body size, growth rate and longevity. Within species, larger body size is associated with faster growth and ageing, and reduced longevity, but the cellular processes driving these relationships are poorly understood. One mechanism that might play a key role in determining optimal body size is the relationship between body size and telomere dynamics. However, we know little about how telomere length is affected when selection for larger size is imposed in natural populations. We report here on the relationship between structural body size and telomere length in wild house sparrows at the beginning and end of a selection regime for larger parent size that was imposed for 4 years in an isolated population of house sparrows. A negative relationship between fledgling size and telomere length was present at the start of the selection; this was extended when fledgling size increased under the selection regime, demonstrating a persistent covariance between structural size and telomere length. Changes in telomere dynamics, either as a correlated trait or a consequence of larger size, could reduce potential longevity and the consequent trade-offs could thereby play an important role in the evolution of optimal body size.
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Huang C, Gjelstad A, Seip KF, Jensen H, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Exhaustive and stable electromembrane extraction of acidic drugs from human plasma. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1425:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Huang C, Jensen H, Seip KF, Gjelstad A, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Mass transfer in electromembrane extraction-The link between theory and experiments. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:188-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ropcke DM, Ilkjær C, Skov SN, Tjørnild MJ, Sørensen AV, Jensen H, Jensen MOJ, Hjortdal VE, Nielsen SL. Functional and Biomechanical Performance of Stentless Extracellular Matrix Tricuspid Tube Graft: An Acute Experimental Porcine Evaluation. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 101:125-32. [PMID: 26365673 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stentless porcine extracellular matrix tricuspid tubular valves have been developed for tricuspid valve reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to compare biomechanical and functional performance of native and tube graft valves in an acute porcine model. METHODS Twenty-two 65-kg pigs were randomized to tube graft or control with native valve preservation. Anterior papillary muscle force was measured with a dedicated force transducer. Microtip pressure catheters were placed in the right atrium and ventricle. Leaflet motion and three-dimensional valve geometry were evaluated using 13 sonomicrometry crystals: six in the tricuspid annulus, one on each leaflet free edge, one on each papillary muscle tip, and one in the right ventricular apex. RESULTS No regurgitation and no significant differences in intracavitary pressures, annular motion, or leaflet excursion angles were observed after tube graft implantation (p > 0.05). Compared with the native valve, the tricuspid annulus, leaflet orifice area, annular diameters, and the septal segment of the annulus were significantly smaller in the tube graft group (p < 0.05). Maximum anterior papillary muscle force was significantly lower in the tube graft group (p < 0.005). The implantation technique led to an annular circumferential downsizing of 20% ± 17%. CONCLUSIONS An extracellular matrix tube graft implanted in the tricuspid position produces a competent valve with physiologic performance that, despite downsizing, makes the tube graft an attractive alternative to valve replacement. The downsizing of the implantation should be considered when planning tube graft size and may be potentially beneficial by relieving tension on the repaired tissue, thereby increasing durability.
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Winther S, Zubcevic K, Amna S, Qvortrup C, Jensen H, Sorbye H, Pfeiffer P. P-276 S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOx) in older Western patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv233.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vestermark L, Jensen H, Schoennemann K, Krogh M, Pfeiffer P. P-070 Phase I dose-finding study of S-1 in combination with docetaxel and oxaliplatin (DOS) as first-line therapy in patients with advanced gastro-esophageal cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv233.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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95
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Pfeiffer P, Bjerregaard J, Schønnemann K, Weisz M, Winther S, Jensen H. P-172 Efficacy and safety of S-1 and gemcitabine in an unselected Western cohort of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv233.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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96
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Kropatsch R, Melis C, Stronen AV, Jensen H, Epplen JT. Molecular Genetics of Sex Identification, Breed Ancestry and Polydactyly in the Norwegian Lundehund Breed. J Hered 2015; 106:403-6. [PMID: 25994807 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Norwegian Lundehund breed of dog has undergone a severe loss of genetic diversity as a result of inbreeding and epizootics of canine distemper. As a consequence, the breed is extremely homogeneous and accurate sex identification is not always possible by standard screening of X-chromosomal loci. To improve our genetic understanding of the breed we genotyped 17 individuals using a genome-wide array of 170 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Standard analyses based on expected homozygosity of X-chromosomal loci failed in assigning individuals to the correct sex, as determined initially by physical examination and confirmed with the Y-chromosomal marker, amelogenin. This demonstrates that identification of sex using standard SNP assays can be erroneous in highly inbred individuals.
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Fuchs D, Jensen H, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Gabel-Jensen C, Hansen SH, Petersen NJ. Real Time Extraction Kinetics of Electro Membrane Extraction Verified by Comparing Drug Metabolism Profiles Obtained from a Flow–Flow Electro Membrane Extraction-Mass Spectrometry System with LC–MS. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5774-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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98
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Holand H, Jensen H, Tufto J, Pärn H, Sæther BE, Ringsby TH. Endoparasite infection has both short- and long-term negative effects on reproductive success of female house sparrows, as revealed by faecal parasitic egg counts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125773. [PMID: 25933371 PMCID: PMC4416917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites have the potential to severely reduce host reproductive success. However, the effects of endoparasites on reproductive success have not received the same amount of attention as the effects of parasites on host survival. We investigated the relationship between an avian endoparasite (gapeworm, Syngamus trachea) and both current and future reproductive success of female house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in a population on the coast of Helgeland, northern Norway. We found that the proportion of eggs in a nest that failed to develop into fledglings increased as the faecal parasitic egg count of the mothers increased. We also found that juvenile females with high numbers of parasitic eggs in their faeces had lower lifetime reproductive success as adults. However, we did not find a relationship between maternal parasite infection and clutch size or recruitment rate of offspring. To our knowledge this is the first study to find a relationship between reproductive success of an avian host and faecal egg count of an endoparasite. The present study indicates that infection by an endoparasite may be associated with lower individual reproductive success in both the short-term and long-term in a wild population of hosts.
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Jensen H. Surgical treatment of functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. DANISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 62:B4993. [PMID: 25748873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In many ways we are at a crossroad in terms of what constitutes optimal FIMR treatment: is CABG combined with mitral valve ring annuloplasty better than CABG alone in moderate FIMR? Is mitral valve repair really better than replacement? And does adding a valvular repair or subvalvular reverse remodeling procedure shift that balance? In the present thesis I aim to shed further light on these questions by addressing the current status and future perspectives of the surgical treatment of FIMR. CURRENT SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR FIMR. CABG alone: The overall impression from the literature is that patients are left with a high grade of persistent/recurrent FIMR from isolated CABG. CABG is most effective to treat FIMR in patients with viable myocardium (at least five viable segments) and absence of dyssynchrony between papillary muscles (< 60 ms). Mitral valve ring annuloplasty. A vast number of different designs are available to perform mitral valve ring annuloplasty with variations over the theme of complete/partial and rigid/semi-rigid/flexible. Also, the three-dimensional shape of the rigid and semi-rigid rings is the subject of great variation. A rigid or semi-rigid down-sized mitral valve ring annuloplasty is the most advocated treatment in chronic FIMR grade 2+ or higher. Combined CABG and mitral valve ring annuloplasty: CABG combined with mitral valve ring annuloplasty leads to reverse LV remodeling and reduced volumes. Despite this, the recurrence rate after combined CABG and mitral valve ring annuloplasty is 20-30% at 2-4 years follow-up. This is also true for studies strictly using down-sized mitral valve ring annuloplasty by two sizes. A number of preoperative risk factors to develop recurrent FIMR were identified, e.g. LVEDD > 65-70 mm, coaptation depth > 10 mm, anterior leaflet angle > 27-39.5°, posterior leaflet angle > 45° and interpapillary muscle distance > 20 mm. CABG alone vs. combined CABG and mitral valve ring annuloplasty: The current available literature, including three randomized studies and a meta analysis, indicate that combined CABG and mitral valve ring annuloplasty has no late survival difference compared with CABG alone, and early mortality might even be higher. Meanwhile, adding a mitral valve ring annuloplasty results in a lower NYHA functional class, most likely as a consequence of a lower incidence of persistent or recurrent FIMR. More randomized studies are being conducted to further address this topic. Mitral valve ring annuloplasty vs. mitral valve replacement. The early survival may be higher after repair compared with replacement, meanwhile, the literature is more ambiguous in terms of late survival advantages, and recent reports find no late survival advantage from repair over replacement. The recurrence rates after ring annuloplasty addressed above were also present in this subset of patients, whereas the incidence of recurrent FIMR after valve replacement is scarcely reported. There was an overall tendency of slightly higher incidence of reoperations after ring annuloplasty. The mitral valve annulus: Innovations in mitral valve ring annuloplasty: The latest innovation in mitral valve ring annuloplasty design includes adjustable rings, allowing adjustment of septo-lateral dimensions intra- or postoperatively. Minimally invasive ring annuloplasty using indirect coronary sinus devices, has been introduced, but so far have produced suboptimal results in terms of safety and efficacy. Also, first in man testing of direct percutaneous catheter based mitral annuloplasty techniques have been conducted. Leaflets and chordae: Direct repair techniques: Surgical methods have been developed to directly address the mitral valve leaflets and chordae tendineae to correct leaflet tethering in FIMR. Both the Alfieri stich and the minimally invasive MitraClip attaches the anterior and posterior leaflets, typically the A2-P2 region, to correct incomplete leaflet coaptation. Patch augmentation of the posterior leaflet in the P2-P3 region increases coaptation in the area most prone to cause FIMR. Chordal cutting of the secondary "strut" chordae releases the anterior leaflet from the tethering due to papillary muscle displacement and improves mitral valve geometry. The mitral subvalvular apparatus: Numerous subvalvular approaches to improve outcome in patients with FIMR have been introduced. They include very invasive techniques such as surgical ventricular restoration procedure, surgical techniques directly addressing the papillary muscle dis-placement, and beating heart procedures using transventricular and epicardial devices applied in a few minutes. The role of the transventricular and epicardial devices still remains to be defined and many of these devices seem to have a hard time ganing their footing in the clinical practise and until now only constitute a footnote in the surgical literature. Meanwhile, the current results with adjunct techniques to CABG and ring annuloplasty, such as the papillary muscle approximation technique introduced by Hvass et al and the papillary muscle relocation technique introduced by Kron et al and further developed by Langer et al are gaining continuing support in the surgical community since these techniques can be used with only little added time consumption but with very good clinical outcome.
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Roulin A, Jensen H. Sex-linked inheritance, genetic correlations and sexual dimorphism in three melanin-based colour traits in the barn owl. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:655-66. [PMID: 25656218 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Theory states that genes on the sex chromosomes have stronger effects on sexual dimorphism than genes on the autosomes. Although empirical data are not necessarily consistent with this theory, this situation may prevail because the relative role of sex-linked and autosomally inherited genes on sexual dimorphism has rarely been evaluated. We estimated the quantitative genetics of three sexually dimorphic melanin-based traits in the barn owl (Tyto alba), in which females are on average darker reddish pheomelanic and display more and larger black eumelanic feather spots than males. The plumage traits with higher sex-linked inheritance showed lower heritability and genetic correlations, but contrary to prediction, these traits showed less pronounced sexual dimorphism. Strong offspring sexual dimorphism primarily resulted from daughters not expressing malelike melanin-based traits and from sons expressing femalelike traits to similar degrees as their sisters. We conclude that in the barn owl, polymorphism at autosomal genes rather than at sex-linked genes generate variation in sexual dimorphism in melanin-based traits.
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