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Miller JL. Case-control study was springboard for phenylpropanolamine action. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:2254-5. [PMID: 11146967 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.24.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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77
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Miller JL. Panel evaluates adjuvant-therapy options for breast cancer. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:2255. [PMID: 11146968 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.24.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Childs EW, Smalley DM, Moncure M, Miller JL, Cheung LY. Effect of WEB 2086 on leukocyte adherence in response to hemorrhagic shock in rats. THE JOURNAL OF TRAUMA 2000; 49:1102-7. [PMID: 11130496 DOI: 10.1097/00005373-200012000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of generalized microvascular injury after hemorrhagic shock is known to involve the generation of platelet-activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [PAF]). The release of PAF is manifested in several ways, including by increased vascular permeability, altered vascular reactivity, and increased leukocyte adherence to the endothelium. WEB 2086 is a PAF antagonist that has been shown experimentally to improve survival after hemorrhagic shock. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of WEB 2086 in attenuating leukocyte adherence before, during, and after hemorrhagic shock. METHODS After a control period, blood was withdrawn to reduce the mean arterial pressure to 40 mm Hg for 30 minutes in urethane-anesthetized rats. Mesenteric venules in a transilluminated segment of the small bowel were examined to quantitate leukocyte adherence using intravital microscopy. RESULTS In sham-operated rats (control), there was minimal to no leukocyte adherence throughout the experiment. Hemorrhagic shock resulted in a significant increase in leukocyte adherence postshock during resuscitation (10.9 +/- 1.8 cells/100 microm, p < 0.01) when compared with controls. WEB 2086, when given before shock, significantly attenuated leukocyte adherence (0.1 +/- 0.08 cells/100 microm, p < 0.01) when compared with hemorrhagic shock alone. This effect of WEB 2086 on adherence could be demonstrated even when it was given during (3.5 +/- 0.9 cells/100 microm, p < 0.01) and 10 minutes into (5.8 +/- 1.1 cells/100 microm, p < 0.05) hemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that WEB 2086 may be of therapeutic benefit against the microvascular damage sustained after hemorrhagic shock.
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Miller JL. Inhaled corticosteroids may cause only temporary slowing of growth in children, studies suggest. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:2142, 2149. [PMID: 11127692 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.23.2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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80
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Trepanier LA, Miller JL. NADH-dependent reduction of sulphamethoxazole hydroxylamine in dog and human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica 2000; 30:1111-21. [PMID: 11307968 DOI: 10.1080/00498250010013908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
1. Reduction of hydroxylamine drug metabolites by NADH-dependent hydroxylamine reductase (NDHR) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of idiosyncratic sulphonamide toxicity in humans. The dog represents a naturally occurring clinical model for sulphonamide toxicity in humans. he purpose of these studies, therefore, was to characterize the presence of hepatic NADH-dependent hydroxylamine reductase activity in the dog and to compare this activity with that found in humans. 2. NDHR activity was characterized by the presence of two enzymes in both dog and human liver microsomes, with comparable estimates of Km (Km1 = 75 microM, Km2 = 404 microM in dog; Km1 = 69 microM, Km2 = 503 microM in human). Estimates of maximal velocity were significantly, but not dramatically, higher for dog NDHR (Vmax1 = 2.09 nmole mg(-1) min(-1) Vmax2 = 4.58 nmole mg(-1) min(-1) compared with human NDHR (Vmax1 = 0.42 nmole mg(-1) min(-1), Vmax2 = 1.56 nmole mg(-1) min(-1)). NDHR in dog, as in humans, preferred NADH to NADPH, was more active at pH 6.3 than at 7.4 and was not inhibited by carbon monoxide, azide, anaerobic conditions, the CYP substrate inhibitors tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, or erythromycin, or antibodies directed against CYP2C, CYP2D or CYP3A. 3. It is concluded that two forms of NDHR are present in dog and humans with similar biochemical characteristics. Although NDHR activity has been attributed to a CYP2D isoform in pig, there is no evidence for involvement of CYP450 in the reduction of sulphamethoxazole hydroxylamine in either dogs or humans.
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Miller JL. Studies of garlic's health benefits are inconclusive, says report. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:2044. [PMID: 11098304 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.22.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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83
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Miller JL. Post-traumatic stress disorder in primary care practice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS 2000; 12:475-82; quiz 483-5. [PMID: 11930388 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2000.tb00159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide clinicians in primary care settings with guidelines on evaluation, diagnosis, and management of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). DATA SOURCES Research-based articles in the medical and psychiatric literature, review articles, and diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS PTSD is a disorder where psychological and physiological reactions are closely related. Populations at risk include survivors of motor vehicle accidents, natural and man-made disasters, torture, and childhood sexual abuse, as well as combat veterans. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Patients with a history of recent trauma should be targeted for early screening and intervention. Effective treatment of PTSD is a three-stage process consisting of stabilization of symptoms, processing of traumatic perceptions, and integration of trauma into the patient's world- and self-view.
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Miller JL. Arsenic compound approved as cancer chemotherapy agent. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:1940, 1942. [PMID: 11094644 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.21.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Miller JL. Abortifacient drug approved for restricted, physician-only distribution. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:1940. [PMID: 11094643 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.21.1940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gubin AN, Njoroge JM, Wojda U, Pack SD, Rios M, Reid ME, Miller JL. Identification of the dombrock blood group glycoprotein as a polymorphic member of the ADP-ribosyltransferase gene family. Blood 2000; 96:2621-7. [PMID: 11001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the 25 known human blood group molecules is of fundamental importance for the fields of erythroid cell biology and transfusion medicine. Here we provide the first molecular description of the "Dombrock" blood group system. A candidate gene was identified by in silico analyses of approximately 5000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from terminally differentiating human erythroid cells. Transfection experiments demonstrated specific binding of anti-Dombrock and confirmed glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane attachment. Dombrock expression is developmentally regulated during erythroid differentiation and occurs at highest levels in the fetal liver. Homology studies suggest that the Dombrock molecule is a member of the adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase ectoenzyme gene family. Genotypic comparisons suggest Do(a) versus Do(b) antigenicity results from a single amino acid substitution within an encoded arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif of the molecule.
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Miller JL. New resuscitation guidelines released. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:1742. [PMID: 11030025 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.19.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Covalent conjugation of a photosensitizer to a ligand that specifically recognized and internalized by a cell-surface receptor may be a way of improving the selectivity of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The class A Type-I scavenger receptor of macrophages, which among other ligands recognizes maleylated serum albumin and has a high capacity is a good candidate for testing this approach. Chlorin(e6) was covalently attached to bovine serum albumin to give conjugates with molar substitution ratios of 1:1 and 3:1 (dye to protein), and these conjugates could then be further modified by maleylation. A novel way of purifying the conjugates by acetone precipitation was developed in order to remove traces of unbound dye that could not be accomplished by size-exclusion chromatography. Conjugates were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography. Photosensitizer uptake was measured by target J774 murine macrophage-like cells and nontarget OVCAR-5 human ovarian cancer cells, and phototoxicity was examined after illumination by a 660 nm diode laser by a tetrazolium assay. All of the purified conjugates were taken up by and after illumination killed J774 cells while there was only small uptake and no phototoxicity toward OVCAR-5 cells. The higher dye:protein ratio and maleylation of the conjugates both produced higher uptakes and lower survival ratios in J774 cells. The uptake and phototoxicity by J774 cells were decreased after incubation at 4 degrees C demonstrating internalization, and confocal microscopy with organelle-specific green fluorescent probes showed largely lysosomal localization. Uptake and phototoxicity by J774 cells could both be competed by addition of the scavenger receptor ligand maleylated albumin. These data show that scavenger receptor-targeted PDT gives a high degree of specificity toward macrophages and may have applications in the treatment of tumors and atherosclerosis.
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Miller JL. Analysis finds modest effect for antimicrobials in acute otitis media. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:1656, 1658. [PMID: 11006793 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.18.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Miller JL. Tinzaparin is newest entry into low-molecular-weight heparin market. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:1646. [PMID: 11006789 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.18.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Miller JL. A post-mortem on healthcare integration: an organizational development approach. HEALTHCARE LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT REPORT 2000; 8:5-15. [PMID: 11184824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Miller JL. Think globally about resistance, says WHO. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:1469. [PMID: 10965392 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.16.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Miller JL. Advisory committees oppose nonprescription status for 'statins'. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:1466. [PMID: 10965391 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.16.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Miller JL, Shea D, Khaledi MG. Separation of acidic solutes by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in acetonitrile-based media. Combined effects of deprotonation and heteroconjugation. J Chromatogr A 2000; 888:251-66. [PMID: 10949491 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) is a chemical separation technique that has grown in popularity over the past few years. In this report, we focus on the combination of heteroconjugation and deprotonation in the NACE separation of phenols using acetonitrile (ACN) as the buffer solvent. By preparing various dilute buffers consisting of carboxylic acids and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in ACN, selectivity may be manipulated based on a solute's dissociation constant as well as its ability to form heterogeneous ions with the buffer components. ACN's low viscosity, coupled with its ability to allow for heteroconjugation, often leads to rapid and efficient separations that are not possible in aqueous media. In this report, equations are derived showing the dependence of mobility on various factors, including the pKa of the analyte, the pH and concentration of the buffer, and the analyte-buffer heteroconjugation constant (Kf). The validity of these equations is tested as several nitrophenols are separated at different pH values and concentrations. Using nonlinear regression, the Kf values for the heteroconjugate formation between the nitrophenols and several carboxylate anions are calculated. Also presented in this report are the NACE separations of the 19 chlorophenol congeners and the 11 priority pollutant phenols (used in US Environmental Protection Agency methods 604, 625/1625 and 8270B).
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Wojda U, Miller JL. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins are not required for crosslinking-mediated endocytosis or transfection of avidin bioconjugates into biotinylated cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1467:144-52. [PMID: 10930517 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Even though glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins lack direct structural contact with the intracellular space, these ubiquitously expressed surface receptors activate signaling cascades and endocytosis when crosslinked by extracellular ligands. Such properties may be due to their association with membrane microdomains composed of glycosphingolipids, cholesterol and some signaling proteins. In this study, we hypothesize that GPI proteins may be required for crosslinking-mediated endocytosis of extracellular bioconjugates. To test this hypothesis, we first biotinylated the surface membranes of native K562 erythroleukemia cells versus K562 cells incapable of surface GPI protein expression. We then compared the entry of fluorescently labeled avidin or DNA condensed on polyethylenimine-avidin bioconjugates into the two biotinylated cell populations. Using fluorescence microscopy, nearly 100% efficiency of fluorescent avidin endocytosis was demonstrated in both cell types over a 24 h period. Surprisingly, plasmid DNA transfer was slightly more efficient among the biotinylated GPI-negative cells as measured by the expression of green fluorescence protein. Our findings that GPI proteins are not required for the endocytosis of avidin bioconjugates into biotinylated cells suggest that endocytosis associated with general membrane crosslinking may be due to overall reorganization of the membrane domains rather than GPI protein-specific interactions.
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Bradley EK, Beroza P, Penzotti JE, Grootenhuis PD, Spellmeyer DC, Miller JL. A rapid computational method for lead evolution: description and application to alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonists. J Med Chem 2000; 43:2770-4. [PMID: 10893315 DOI: 10.1021/jm990578n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The high failure rate of drugs in the development phase requires a strategy to reduce risks by generating lead candidates from different chemical classes. We describe a new three-dimensional computational approach for lead evolution, based on multiple pharmacophore hypotheses. Using full conformational models for both active and inactive compounds, a large number of pharmacophore hypotheses are analyzed to select the set or "ensemble" of hypotheses that, when combined, is most able to discriminate between active and inactive molecules. The ensemble hypothesis is then used to search virtual chemical libraries to identify compounds for synthesis. This method is very rapid, allowing very large virtual libraries on the order of a million compounds to be filtered efficiently. In applying this method to alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor ligands, we have demonstrated lead evolution from heterocyclic alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor ligands to highly dissimilar active N-substituted glycine compounds. Our results also show that the active N-substituted glycines are part of our smaller filtered library and thus could have been identified by synthesizing only a portion of the N-substituted glycine library.
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Miller JL. FDA approves antibody-directed cytotoxic agent for acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:1202, 1204. [PMID: 10902059 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/57.13.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Aminoglycosides
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/therapeutic use
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/therapeutic use
- Gemtuzumab
- Humans
- Immunotoxins/administration & dosage
- Immunotoxins/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myeloid/therapy
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
- United States
- United States Food and Drug Administration
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