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Mell L, Liang Y, Bydder M, White G, Lawson J, Yashar C, Mundt A, Bydder G. Functional MRI-guided Bone Marrow-sparing Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for Pelvic Malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li R, Lewis J, Cervino L, Lawson J, Jiang S. TH-C-303A-09: 4D CT Sorting Based On Patient Internal Anatomy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lewis J, Li R, Watkins T, Cerviño L, Lawson J, Song W, Jiang S. SU-FF-J-79: Markerless Lung Tumor Tracking in Rotational Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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79
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Stewart B, Lawson J, Williams K. In support of observational pain tools for emergency medicine triage in children. Arch Emerg Med 2009; 26:466-7. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2008.069971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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80
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Li R, Lewis J, Cerviño L, Lawson J, Jiang S. SU-FF-J-72: Markerless Fluoroscopic Tracking of Lung Tumors Based On 4D CT. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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81
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Cerviño L, Song W, Wang J, Lawson J, Pawlicki T, Jiang S. SU-FF-T-538: Feasibility Study of Frame-Less Mask-Less Bite-Block-Less Stereotactic Radiosurgery Treatment with Real-Time Surface Imaging. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Parry SW, Reeve P, Lawson J, Shaw FE, Davison J, Norton M, Frearson R, Kerr S, Newton JL. The Newcastle protocols 2008: an update on head-up tilt table testing and the management of vasovagal syncope and related disorders. Heart 2008; 95:416-20. [PMID: 18701533 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2007.136457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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83
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Benjamins S, Kulka DW, Lawson J. Incidental catch of seabirds in Newfoundland and Labrador gillnet fisheries, 2001-2003. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2008. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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84
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Lawson J, O'Mara ML, Kerr ID. Structure-based interpretation of the mutagenesis database for the nucleotide binding domains of P-glycoprotein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1778:376-91. [PMID: 18035039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is the most intensively studied eukaryotic ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, due to its involvement in the multidrug resistance phenotype of a number of cancers. In common with most ABC transporters, P-gp is comprised of two transmembrane domains (TMDs) and two nucleotide binding domains (NBD), the latter coupling ATP hydrolysis with substrate transport (efflux in the case of P-gp). Biochemical investigations over the past twenty years have attempted to unlock mechanistic aspects of P-glycoprotein through scanning and site-directed mutagenesis of both the TMDs and the NBDs. Contemporaneously, crystallographers have elucidated the atomic structure of numerous ABC transporter NBDs, as well as the intact structure (i.e. NBDs and TMDs) of a distantly related ABC-exporter Sav1866. Significantly, the structure of P-gp remains unknown, and only low resolution electron microscopy data exists. Within the current manuscript we employ crystallographic data for homologous proteins, and a molecular model for P-gp, to perform a structural interpretation of the existing "mutagenesis database" for P-gp NBDs. Consequently, this will enable testable predictions to be made that will result in further in-roads into our understanding of this clinically important drug pump.
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85
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Lawson J, Fox T, Elder E, Davis L, Keller J, Crocker I. Implementation of On-Board Imaging (OBI) and Quantification of Resultant Patient Shifts. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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86
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Morgan DG, Stewart NJ, D'Arcy C, Forbes D, Lawson J. Work stress and physical assault of nursing aides in rural nursing homes with and without dementia special care units. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2005; 12:347-58. [PMID: 15876243 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2005.00846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared nursing aides (NAs) employed in rural nursing homes with and without dementia special care units (SCUs) on (1) exposure to and distress from disruptive behaviours exhibited by residents, (2) job strain and (3) physical assault. DESIGN AND METHODS The data were drawn from a larger study conducted in Saskatchewan, Canada, in which all rural nursing homes of < or = 100 beds that had an SCU were matched to same-sized rural facilities with no SCU. Nursing aides (n = 355) completed a mailed survey questionnaire. RESULTS Nursing aides employed in nursing homes with an SCU reported significantly less frequent exposure to disruptive behaviours (including aggressive and aversive behaviours) than NAs in non-SCU facilities, less distress when these behaviours were directed toward them, less exposure to aggressive behaviour during caregiving, lower job demands and lower job strain. There was a trend toward increased risk of being assaulted in the last year associated with being in a non-SCU facility. Having a permanent position, increased job strain, and feeling inadequately prepared for dementia care were significantly associated with higher risk of being assaulted. In the SCU facilities, NAs who worked more time on the SCU reported more assaults but less distress from disruptive behaviour, lower psychological job demands, lower job strain and greater work autonomy. IMPLICATIONS Providing more dementia care training and reducing job demands and job strain may help to reduce work-related stress and physical assault of nursing aides employed in nursing homes.
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87
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Lawson J, Johnson I, Bamiou DE, Newton JL. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: clinical characteristics of dizzy patients referred to a Falls and Syncope Unit. QJM 2005; 98:357-64. [PMID: 15820968 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hci057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dizziness is a common symptom in older people that affects quality of life and increases the risk of falls. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common cause of dizziness that increases in prevalence with age, and is potentially curable. AIM To compare patients with BPPV referred initially to a Falls and Syncope Unit (FSS group) with those initially referred to a Regional ENT/Balance Service (ENT group). DESIGN Retrospective case-note review. METHODS Medical notes, investigations and outcomes were reviewed for all patients. RESULTS Of 59 patients with BPPV confirmed by Dix-Hallpike test, 31 (53%) were initially referred to the FSS (2.6 patients per month, 71% females) and 28 (47%) were initially referred to ENT (4.7 patients per month, 86% females). Compared to those referred initially to ENT, FSS patients were significantly older (mean +/- SD 69 +/- 13 vs. 55.4 +/- 13 years, p = 0.0003) and had dizzy symptoms for longer before diagnosis (median (range) 12 (4-120) vs. 6 (1-36) months, p = 0.0273). FSS patients were more likely to have more than one type of dizziness (16% vs. 0%, p = 0.001), more likely to have cerebrovascular or cardiovascular co-morbidity (13% vs. 4%, p = 0.0152) and were taking significantly more medications (3.2 vs. 1.7; p = 0.0271). Cure rates on intervention were similar (83% FSS, 86% ENT). DISCUSSION BPPV is a potentially curable cause for dizziness in older people. Older people are frequently referred directly to Falls units, who will be seeing increasing numbers of patients with dizziness. A high index of suspicion allows early identification and treatment of this condition.
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Abstract
AIMS To describe the validation and reliability of a new pain tool (the Alder Hey Triage Pain Score, AHTPS) for children at triage in the accident and emergency (A&E) setting. METHODS A new behavioural observational pain tool was developed because of dissatisfaction with available tools and a lack of confidence in self-assessment scores at triage. The study was conducted in a large paediatric A&E department; 575 children (aged 0-16 years) were included. Inter-rater reliability and various aspects of validity were assessed. In addition this tool was compared to the Wong-Baker self-assessment tool. The children were concurrently scored by a research nurse and triage nurses to assess inter-rater reliability. Construct validity was assessed by comparing the research nurse's triage score with the research nurse reassessment score after intervention and/or analgesia. Known group construct validity was assessed by comparing the research nurse's score at triage with the level of pain of the condition as judged by the discharge diagnosis. Predictive validity was assessed by comparing the research nurse's AHTPS with the level of analgesia needed by each patient. The AHTPS was also compared to a self-assessment score. RESULTS A high level of inter-rater reliability, kappa statistic 0.84 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.88), was shown. Construct validity was well demonstrated; known group construct validity and predictive validity were also demonstrated to a varying degree. CONCLUSIONS Results support the use of this observational pain scoring tool in the triage of children in A&E.
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Gieroba Z, Newton J, Parry S, Norton M, Lawson J, Kenny R. P-258 Head-up tilt (HUT) is safe in older people. Europace 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/eupace/4.supplement_2.b127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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90
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Field AP, Lawson J. Fear information and the development of fears during childhood: effects on implicit fear responses and behavioural avoidance. Behav Res Ther 2003; 41:1277-93. [PMID: 14527528 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Field, Argyris and Knowles (Behav Res Ther 39 (2001) 1259), and Field, Hamilton, Knowles and Plews (Behav Res Thera 41 (2003) 113) have developed a prospective paradigm for testing Rachman's (Behav Res Ther 15 (1977) 375) proposition that fear information is important in the development of fears and phobias in children. Despite this paradigm being an advance on retrospective reports, the research so far has been restricted to self-reported fear beliefs measured after the information is given. This gives rise to two possible shortcomings: (1) the effects could simply reflect demand characteristics resulting from children conforming to the experimental demands, and (2) although fear information changes beliefs, this might not translate into the behavioural change that would be expected if this information has a powerful effect relevant to the development of pathological fear. This paper describes an experiment that attempts to address these concerns by improving Field et al.'s (2001, 2003) basic paradigm but with the addition of two measures: (1) a behavioural measure of avoidance, and (2) an implicit attitude task that should not be susceptible to deliberate attempts to conform to experimental demands. The result showed that negative and positive information have dramatic, and opposite, effects on self-reported fear beliefs, behavioural avoidance and implicit attitudes. There were no effects of gender on any of these results. This study fully supports Rachman's model and suggests that past work does not merely reflect demand characteristics and that fear information increases behavioural avoidance as well as fear beliefs.
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91
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Lawson J, Lawson W, Seaton MJ. The Calculation of Born Partial Wave Integrals for some Transitions in H Produced by Electron Impact. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0370-1328/77/1/324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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92
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Abstract
A number of drugs, either physician prescribed or those taken without the knowledge of the physician, may have metabolic effects on, and result in abnormal changes in, the musculoskeletal system. These medications may involve the developing fetus, infant, child, or adult and may manifest as drug-induced embryopathies, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, or rickets, or a combination of these, or they may be associated with proliferative changes. Not uncommonly, the radiologist may be the first physician to identify the metabolic manifestations of these medications. The radiological changes associated with such drugs will be reviewed. Certain drugs may have teratogenic effects, nonteratogenic effects, or both. These effects, dependent solely on the timing of administration, will be discussed separately.
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DuVernet RB, Wennerstrom O, Lawson J, Otsubo T, Boekelheide V. Bridged [18]annulenes. A study of the synthesis and properties of 12c,12d,12e,12f-tetrahydrobenzo[g,h,i]perylene and its analogs. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00476a032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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95
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White R, Rusconi C, Scardino E, Wolberg A, Lawson J, Hoffman M, Sullenger B. Generation of species cross-reactive aptamers using "toggle" SELEX. Mol Ther 2001; 4:567-73. [PMID: 11735341 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2001.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Species cross-reactivity facilitates the preclinical evaluation of potentially therapeutic molecules in animal models. Here we describe an in vitro selection strategy in which RNA ligands (aptamers) that bind both human and porcine thrombin were selected by "toggling" the protein target between human and porcine thrombin during alternating rounds of selection. The "toggle" selection process yielded a family of aptamers, all of which bound both human and porcine thrombin with high affinity. Toggle-25, a characteristic member, inhibited two of thrombin's most important functions: plasma clot formation and platelet activation. If appropriate targets are available, the toggle strategy is a simple measure that promotes cross-reactivity and may be generalizable to related proteins of the same species as well as to other combinatorial library screening strategies. This strategy should facilitate the isolation of ligands with needed properties for gene therapy and other therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Oz OK, Hirasawa G, Lawson J, Nanu L, Constantinescu A, Antich PP, Mason RP, Tsyganov E, Parkey RW, Zerwekh JE, Simpson ER. Bone phenotype of the aromatase deficient mouse. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 79:49-59. [PMID: 11850207 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(01)00130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are important for normal bone growth and metabolism. The mechanisms are incompletely understood. Thus, we have undertaken characterization of the skeletal phenotype of aromatase (ArKO) deficient mice. No abnormalities have been noted in skeletal patterning in newborns. Adult ArKO mice show decreased femur length and decreased peak Bone Mineral Density (BMD) with accelerated bone loss by 7 months of age in females. Magnetic resonance microscopy (MR) and microCT (microCT) imaging disclosed decreased cancellous connectivity and reduced cancellous bone volume in ArKO females. Bone formation rate (BFR) is increased in ArKO females and decreased in ArKO males. Estradiol therapy reverses these changes. This anabolic effect of estradiol in the male skeleton is supported by 18-F- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, which clearly demonstrates decreased spinal uptake, but marked increase after estradiol therapy. Serum IGF-1 levels are high in young female ArKO mice but low in young ArKO males. The reduced BMD in ArKO females, despite the presence of elevated serum IGF 1, suggests that other mechanism(s) are operative. There is increased B-cell lymphopoiesis in adult female ArKO bone marrow cells. These results show that ArKO mice show the effects of estrogen deficiency on bone growth, mass, metabolism, microarchitecture and the hematopoietic microenvironment.
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98
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Diamond LE, Quinn CM, Martin MJ, Lawson J, Platt JL, Logan JS. A human CD46 transgenic pig model system for the study of discordant xenotransplantation. Transplantation 2001; 71:132-42. [PMID: 11211178 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200101150-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic shortage in the supply of human organs available for allotransplantation has turned attention toward the use of animals as potential donors, with pigs as the most likely species under consideration. Hyperacute rejection, the initial and immediate barrier to a pig-to-primate xenograft, has been addressed by generation of transgenic pigs that express the human membrane-bound complement-regulatory proteins CD59 and/or CD55. Difficulty has been encountered in generation of transgenic animals that express a third membrane-bound complement-regulatory protein, CD46. METHODS We have generated transgenic animals by using a large genomic construct that encompasses the entire human CD46 gene. RESULTS We report the first description of transgenic mice and pigs that express high levels of human CD46 in a cell and tissue type-specific manner, resembling patterns of endogenous CD46 expression observed in human tissues. Furthermore, when human CD46 transgenic porcine hearts were transplanted into baboons, the grafts did not succumb to hyperacute rejection, and survival extended for up to 23 days. Under the same conditions, nontransgenic grafts underwent hyperacute rejection within 90 min. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to describe generation of transgenic pigs that express human CD46, and the first in vivo demonstration of the ability of human CD46 expressed on pig organs to regulate complement activation and overcome hyperacute rejection upon transplantation of a vascularized organ into nonhuman primates.
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Desai N, Lawson J, Goldfarb J. Effect of Culture Regimen on Blastocyst Development, Cell Number and Differentiation: Comparison of Commercial Blastocyst Culture Media to Coculture on Vero Cell Monolayers. Fertil Steril 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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100
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Brown PB, Harton P, Millecchia R, Lawson J, Kunjara-Na-Ayudhya T, Stephens S, Miller MA, Hicks L, Culberson J. Spatial convergence and divergence between cutaneous afferent axons and dorsal horn cells are not constant. J Comp Neurol 2000; 420:277-90. [PMID: 10754502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We have proposed a quantitative model of the development of dorsal horn cell receptive fields (RFs) and somatotopic organization (Brown et al. [1997] Somatosens. Motor Res. 14:93-106). One component of that model is a hypothesis that convergence and divergence of connections between low-threshold primary afferent mechanoreceptive axons and dorsal horn cells are invariant over skin location and dorsal horn location. The more limited, and more easily tested, hypothesis that spatial convergence and divergence between cutaneous mechanoreceptors and dorsal horn cell are constant was examined. Spatial divergence is the number of dorsal horn cells whose RFs overlap the RF center of a primary afferent, and spatial convergence is the number of afferent RF centers that lie within the RF of a dorsal horn cell. Innervation density was determined as a function of location on the hindlimb by using peripheral nerve recording and axon counting. A descriptive model of dorsal horn cell receptive fields (Brown et al. [1998] J. Neurophysiol. 31:833-848) was used to simulate RFs of the entire dorsal horn cell population in order to estimate RF area and map scale as a function of location on the hindlimb. Previously reported correlations among innervation density, map scale, and RF size were confirmed. However, these correlations were not linear. The hypothesis that spatial convergence and divergence are constant was rejected. The previously proposed model of development of dorsal horn cell somatotopy and RF geometries must be revised to take variable spatial convergence and divergence into account.
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