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Ulrich C, James J, Grady C, Byron C, Hanlon A, Watkins-Bruner D, Curran W. Factors Associated with Attrition in RTOG Clinical Trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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152
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Gaudet P, Lane L, Fey P, Bridge A, Poux S, Auchincloss A, Axelsen K, Braconi Quintaje S, Boutet E, Brown P, Coudert E, Datta RS, de Lima WC, de Oliveira Lima T, Duvaud S, Farriol-Mathis N, Ferro Rojas S, Feuermann M, Gateau A, Hinz U, Hulo C, James J, Jimenez S, Jungo F, Keller G, Lemercier P, Lieberherr D, Moinat M, Nikolskaya A, Pedruzzi I, Rivoire C, Roechert B, Schneider M, Stanley E, Tognolli M, Sjölander K, Bougueleret L, Chisholm RL, Bairoch A. Collaborative annotation of genes and proteins between UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and dictyBase. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2009; 2009:bap016. [PMID: 20157489 PMCID: PMC2790310 DOI: 10.1093/database/bap016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, a curated protein database, and dictyBase, the Model Organism Database for Dictyostelium discoideum, have established a collaboration to improve data sharing. One of the major steps in this effort was the ‘Dicty annotation marathon’, a week-long exercise with 30 annotators aimed at achieving a major increase in the number of D. discoideum proteins represented in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. The marathon led to the annotation of over 1000 D. discoideum proteins in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. Concomitantly, there were a large number of updates in dictyBase concerning gene symbols, protein names and gene models. This exercise demonstrates how UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot can work in very close cooperation with model organism databases and how the annotation of proteins can be accelerated through those collaborations.
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White DHN, Chapman PT, O'Donnell JL, James J, Frampton C, Stamp LK. Lack of association between elevated mean red cell volume and haematological toxicity in patients receiving long-term methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Intern Med J 2009; 40:561-5. [PMID: 19811562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.02059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS It has been suggested that elevated mean red cell volume (MCV) may be a predictor of haematological toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving methotrexate (MTX). We wished to identify whether there was an association between MCV, red cell folate and haematological toxicity in patients on MTX monotherapy for the long-term management of RA. METHODS Evidence of haematological toxicity was sought by note review of patients recruited in a cross-sectional study of MTX monotherapy in RA. Retrospective data included MCVs from before MTX initiation and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Data were collected prospectively every 6 months for up to 2 years after enrolment. Any record of cytopenia or the development of haematological malignancy was recorded from commencement of MTX until the present day. Red cell folate concentrations were tested on enrolment to the study. RESULTS A total of 165 patients was included, 74.5% female, median disease duration 7 years (range 3 months-57 years). The median duration of MTX treatment was 74.9 months (range 10-241 months) giving 1030.2 patient-years of MTX exposure. Twenty-four patients (14.5%) had a MCV > 98 fL on study entry. Evidence of haematological abnormality was found in six patients (3.6%); chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (1), persistent lymphocytosis (1), persistent monocytosis (1) and neutropenia (3). There was no association between red cell folate or MCV and haematological toxicity. CONCLUSION Neutropenia and pancytopenia are rare side-effects of MTX therapy in this cohort. Elevated MCV or low mean red cell folate does not appear to be associated with haematological malignancy or toxicity in this cohort of patients on long-term MTX therapy.
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154
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Chen Y, James J, Gale A. How important is mammographic image manipulation when examining digital screening cases? Breast Cancer Res 2009. [PMCID: PMC4284838 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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155
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Tennant S, Evans A, Macmillan D, Lee A, Cornford E, James J, Ellis I. CT staging of loco-regional breast cancer recurrence. A worthwhile practice? Clin Radiol 2009; 64:885-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Perkins M, Bunker M, James J, Rigby-Singleton S, Ledru J, Madden-Smith C, Luk S, Patel N, Roberts C. Towards the understanding and prediction of material changes during micronisation using atomic force microscopy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 38:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gilmore C, James J, Zubal B, Thomas D, Tan B. Vitamin D deficiency, incidence, and response to oral supplementation among various gastrointestinal malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9586 Background: Vitamin (vit) D dficiency is prevalent amongst patients (pts) with colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Data for other GI malignancies are limited and the impact of short-course vit D supplementation is unclear. Methods: An IRB-approved retrospective review of 202 pts with GI cancers from 12/2007 to 9/2008 was done to evaluate the incidence of vitamin D deficiency defined as serum 25-OH vit D levels of ≤ 30 ng/ml (severe=<10 ng/ml; moderate=10–20 ng/ml; mild=21–30 ng/ml) and incidence of ‘low-normal' (31–50 ng/ml) and normal (>50 ng/ml) vit D levels. Oral supplementation with vit D at 50,000 ‘u' weekly x 8–12 weeks were done and serum levels were redrawn at 2–3 months for pts with low normal and deficient vit D, respectively. Results: 87.6% of all 202 pts is vit D deficient (61% severe to moderate). (see Table ). 92 pts were re-evaluated after 2–3 months of oral vit D supplementation. Among this cohort, the incidence of pts with vitamin deficiency decreased from 91.3% to 57.6% after first re- evaluation. Severe/moderate deficiency rates also decreased from 71.7% to 13%. There were no significant difference in response between males/females, age < or ≥ 65, caucasian or non-caucasian or tumor type. Conclusions: Vitamin D levels should routinely be evaluated for patients with GI maligancies. Oral supplementation decreases the rate 'any' vit D deficiency from 91% to 57%, and of 'severe to moderate' deficiency from 72% to 13%. Prospective studies on the impact of vit D deficiency and supplementation on various clinical outcomes among patients with GI cancers would improve supportive care management of these patients. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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James J, Gosden C, Winocour P, Walton C, Nagi D, Turner B, Williams R, Holt RIG. Diabetes specialist nurses and role evolvement: a survey by Diabetes UK and ABCD of specialist diabetes services 2007. Diabet Med 2009; 26:560-5. [PMID: 19646199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To review the working practices of UK diabetes specialist nurses (DSNs), specific clinical roles, and to examine changes since 2000. METHODS Postal questionnaires were sent to lead DSNs from all identifiable UK diabetes centres (n = 361). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected on the specific clinical roles, employment, and continual professional development of hospital and community DSNs, Nurse Consultants and Diabetes Healthcare Assistants. RESULTS 159 centres (44%) returned questionnaires. 78% and 76% of DSNs plan and deliver education sessions compared with 13% in 2000 with a wider range of topics and with less input from medical staff. 22% of DSNs have a formal role in diabetes research compared with 48% in 2000. 49% of Hospital DSNs, 56% of Community DSNs and 66% of Nurse Consultants are involved in prescribing. 55% of DSNs carry out pump training, 72% participate in ante-natal and 27% renal clinics. 90% of services have independent diabetes nurse-led clinics. 93% of services have a dedicated Paediatric DSN. The mean number of children under the care of each PDSN is 109 (mode 120), which exceeds Royal College of Nursing recommendations. 48% of DSNs have protected time for continuing professional development of staff and 15% have a protected budget. One third of DSNs are on short-term contracts funded by external sources. CONCLUSIONS The DSN role has evolved since 2000 to include complex service provision and responsibilities including specialist clinics, education of healthcare professionals and patients. The lack of substantive contracts and protected study leave may compromise these roles in the future.
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Templeton AK, Dominguez N, Lu R, Vidal G, Levin J, Sestak A, Kelly J, Kaufman K, Bruner G, Gaffney P, Harley J, James J, Guthridge J, Poole B. IRF5 Genetic Risk Haplotype Influences Host B Cell Gene Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) (49.14). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.49.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Both gene and environment interactions play keyroles in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We examined effects of the IRF5 lupus risk haplotype upon the host's B cell response to the binding or infection with EBV, a suspected environmental trigger for SLE. Whole genome microarray expression profile data was collected from cells exposed to EBV for 16 hours. Analysis of gene expression by gene set enrichment analysis revealed that key differences in expression between SLE patients and controls (or individuals carrying the IRF5 risk and non-risk haplotype) were in a subset of interferon response genes. Patients with the IRF5 risk haplotype have a heightened interferon signature under all experimental conditions; whereas, the patients with the IRF5 protective haplotype have a B cell interferon signature similar to that of unrelated, matched controls. Overexpression of interferon pathway genes in B cells following viral exposure in control individuals carrying the IRF5 risk haplotype suggests that the IRF5 risk alleles alone can modulate ones biological response to the environmental insult. Patients carrying either the IRF5 risk or non-risk alleles appear to already be predisposed to having a higher interferon signature even without exposure to virus, suggesting that other genetic factors are also influencing the interferon response, independent of virus. Support by NIH (AI007633 and AI31584).
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Sawalha A, Webb R, Merrill J, Kelly J, Sestak A, Kaufman K, Langefeld C, Ziegler J, Kimberly R, Edberg J, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Reveille J, Alarcón G, Vilá L, Alarcón-Riquelme M, James J, Gilkeson G, Jacob C, Moser K, Gaffney P, Vyse T, Nath S, Lipsky P, Harley J. A polymorphism within interleukin-21 receptor (IL21R) confers risk for systemic lupus erythematosus and is associated with malar rash in lupus patients (49.17). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.49.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 21 is a member of the type I cytokine superfamily that exerts a variety of effects on the immune system including B cell activation, plasma cell differentiation, and immunoglobulin production. The IL21 receptor (IL21R) is expressed on B cells, T cells, NK cells, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. The expression of IL21R is reduced in B cells from lupus patients, while IL21 serum levels are increased in both lupus patients and some lupus-murine models. We recently reported that polymorphisms within the IL21 gene are associated with increased susceptibility to lupus. Herein, we genotyped SNPs in the IL21R gene located on chromosome 16p11. We identify and confirm the association between rs3093301 and lupus in two independent European-derived and Hispanic cohorts (p=7.2X10-5). In addition, the presence of the homozygous risk genotype in rs3093301 (A/A) was associated with the development of malar rash in the European-derived female lupus patients (OR=2.83, 95% CI=1.56-5.13, p=0.00045).
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Lu R, Dominguez N, Lessard C, Deshmukh H, Vidal G, Macwana S, Kelly J, Kim X, Cobb B, Kaufman K, Bae SC, Tsao B, Shen N, Langefeld C, Niewold T, Gilkeson G, Merrill J, Moser K, Harley J, Nath S, Gaffney P, James J, Guthridge J. C8orf13/BLK association with systemic lupus erythematosus across different ethnicities (136.28). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.136.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
SLE is a complex autoimmune disease with immunological abnormalities that targets B cell functions and development. Previous genome-wide association studies identified C8orf13/BLK as a novel SLE risk factor. BLK (B lymphoid tyrosine kinase) has been shown to have potential effects on B cell develoment. The main objectives of this study are to: 1.) assess this association in independent populations and 2.) determine if BLK risk alleles correlate with alteration in peripheral blood B cell development and protein expression. We genotyped 52 SNPs within the C8orf13/BLK region in European-derived, Asian and African American populations. rs13277113 is associated with SLE in all three populations. A few novel upstream SNPs within the intergenic region demonstrate a stronger association in Asians. Flow cytometry data suggests there is a significant difference in BLK expression and T2 cells B cell numbers between high-risk and non-risk individuals based on the risk haplotype. Our results suggest that the BLK genetic polymorphisms alter immune system development and function to increase the risk for SLE development. Supported by NIH RR020143, RR015577, NIAID-DAIT-BAA-05-11, AI031584, AR053483, AR48940, AI063274, AR052125, AR043247 and OCAST # HR08-037.
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Monk C, Wallage M, Wassell J, Whiteway A, James J, Beetham R. A monoclonal protein identified by an anomalous lipaemia index. Ann Clin Biochem 2009; 46:250-2. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2008.008192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a patient being investigated for anaemia where the lipaemia index on a Beckman Coulter DxC800 analyser was markedly elevated and out of keeping with the visual appearance of the serum. Subsequent investigation revealed a monoclonal IgM kappa immunoglobulin with type I cryoglobulin behaviour. The patient was then diagnosed with a non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. We later identified a second patient with a similar anomalous index with an IgM lambda paraprotein, and a known marginal zone splenic lymphoma but were unable to confirm cryoglobulin behaviour prior to treatment. A review of 50 consecutive IgM paraproteins revealed no other anomalous lipaemia indices. We postulate that it is the properties of the paraprotein that determine its cryoglobulin behaviour that also render it susceptible to precipitation in the index diluent, not the fact of it being an IgM paraprotein per se. This appears to be the first reported case of a paraprotein identified following an anomalous lipaemia index.
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Tennant SL, Evans A, Hamilton LJ, James J, Lee AHS, Hodi Z, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Wilson ARM. Vacuum-assisted excision of breast lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) - an alternative to surgery in selected cases. Breast 2008; 17:546-9. [PMID: 18829318 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 08/17/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess whether vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) is a safe alternative to surgery in the treatment of breast lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) in which no atypia is present on needle core biopsy (NCB). Forty two VAE procedures were performed for B3 lesions. Twenty four (57%) were papillary lesions. Eighteen (43%) were radial scars. Two patients (4.7%) were upgraded to carcinoma at VAE. Two patients with papillary lesions went on to develop cancer in the same breast (at 24 and 41 months post VAE). No cancer developed in the radial scar group. Eight patients (19%) had surgery - four for carcinoma, two for radial scars missed at VAE excision and two for symptomatic papillomatosis. Follow-up mammography after VAE of radial scars often showed residual distortion. VAE can be a safe alternative to surgery in the treatment of B3 lesions without atypia, providing thorough multidisciplinary discussion has taken place.
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Tan B, Brenner W, Picus J, Marsh S, Gao F, Fournier C, Fracasso P, James J, Yen-Revollo J, Mcleod H. Phase I study of biweekly oxaliplatin, gemcitabine and capecitabine in patients with advanced upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1742-8. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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165
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Hamilton L, Evans A, Cornford E, James J, Burrell H. Ultrasound diagnosis of fibroadenoma — is biopsy always necessary? Clin Radiol 2008; 63:1070-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Winocour PH, Gosden C, Walton C, Nagi D, Turner B, Williams R, James J, Holt RIG. Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) and Diabetes-UK survey of specialist diabetes services in the UK, 2006. 1. The consultant physician perspective. Diabet Med 2008; 25:643-50. [PMID: 18544101 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify the views and working practices of consultant diabetologists in the UK in 2006-2007, the current provision of specialist services, and to examine changes since 2000. METHODS All 592 UK consultant diabetologists were invited to participate in an on-line survey. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of responses were undertaken. A composite 'well-resourced service score' was calculated. In addition to an analysis of all respondents, a sub-analysis was undertaken, comparing localities represented both in 2006/2007 and in 2000. RESULTS In 2006/2007, a 49% response rate was achieved, representing 50% of acute National Health Service Trusts. Staffing levels had improved, but remained below recommendations made in 2000. Ten percent of specialist services were still provided by single-handed consultants, especially in Northern Ireland (in 50% of responses, P = 0.001 vs. other nations). Antenatal, joint adult-paediatric and ophthalmology sub-specialist diabetes services and availability of biochemical tests had improved since 2000, but access to psychology services had declined. Almost 90% of consultants had no clinical engagement in providing community diabetes services. The 'well-resourced service score' had not improved since 2000. There was continued evidence of disparity in resources between the nations (lowest in Wales and Northern Ireland, P = 0.007), between regions in England (lowest in the East Midlands and the Eastern regions, P = 0.028), and in centres with a single-handed consultant service (P = 0.001). Job satisfaction correlated with well-resourced service score (P = 0.001). The main concerns and threats to specialist services were deficiencies in psychology access, inadequate staffing, lack of progress in commissioning, and the detrimental impact of central policy on specialist services. CONCLUSIONS There are continued disparities in specialist service provision. Without effective commissioning and adequate specialist team staffing, integrated diabetes care will remain unattainable in many regions, regardless of reconfigurations and alternative service models.
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Tan BR, Zehnbauer B, Picus J, Fournier C, James J, Brower A, McLeod H. UGT1A1 genotype-based dose modification of irinotecan regimens: Impact on hematologic toxicities. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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168
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Gilbert FJ, Astley SM, Gillan MG, Agbaje OF, Wallis MG, James J, Boggis CR, Duffy SW. CADET II: A prospective trial of computer-aided detection (CAD) in the UK Breast Screening Programme. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kerr D, Nicholls H, James J. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII insulin pump therapy) for type 1 diabetes: a Bournemouth perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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170
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Maier B, Bau AM, James J, Görgen R, Graf C, Hanewinkel R, Martus P, Maschewsky-Schneider U, Müller MJ, Plachta-Danielzik S, Schlaud M, Summerbell C, Thomas R. Methods for evaluation of health promotion programmes. Smoking prevention and obesity prevention for children and adolescents. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2007; 50:980-6. [PMID: 17629768 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-007-0302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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171
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Bau AM, Vahabzadeh Z, Povel C, James J, Boral S, Ardelt-Gattinger E, Blättner B, Czaja J, Ernst M, Hilbert A, Kroll D, Stiff-Keckstein R, Stösslein C, Wölfling K, Wiegand S. Psychologische Aspekte der Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen und vernetzte Versorgungsstrukturen. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2007; 50:1145-51. [PMID: 17828477 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-007-0315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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172
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George A, Abdurahman P, James J. Spastic paraparesis, abnormal muscle biopsy and positive antithyroid antibodies. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2007; 55:585-586. [PMID: 18019801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A 35 year old lady presented with progressive spastic paraparesis and hyperintense signals in the spinal cord and brain. She was noted to have high titres of antithyroid antibodies and primary hypothyroidism. Her muscle biopsy showed perivascular lymphocytes around endomysial vessels. We highlight the association of spinal cord involvement and abnormal muscle biopsy in a case of Hashimotos encephalopathy.
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Zachariah B, James J, Gwede CK, Ajani J, Chin L, Donath D, Kane BL, Rotman M, Berk L. RTOG 0315: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study to determine the efficacy of octreotide acetate in preventing or reducing the severity of chemoradiation-induced diarrhea in patients with anal or rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4032 Background: Diarrhea is a common side effect of chemoradiation for pelvic malignancies. Octreotide acetate has been shown to control grade 3–4 chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in >90% of patients. The primary objective of this randomized placebo-controlled phase III study was to determine the efficacy of long acting octreotide acetate in preventing the onset of grade 2–4 diarrhea. Secondary objectives were to assess the impact of diarrhea on chemoradiation delivery and medical resource utilization. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) with primary anal or rectal cancer, and scheduled to receive concurrent chemoradiation to a minimum dose of 45 Gy using pelvic field sizes greater than 10x10cm, were enrolled. Pts with history of pelvic radiotherapy, chronic bowel disease, diarrhea of grade ≥2, or colostomy were excluded from the study. Pts were stratified by RT dose (<50 Gy and ≥50 Gy), chemotherapy (bolus and continuous) and gender. Pts were randomized to receive two 30 mg intramuscular injections of octreotide acetate (Sandostatin LAR® Depot) or placebo. Injections were given between day -7 and day -4 and on day 22 (± 3 days) of RT. The primary endpoint was incidence of grade 2, 3, or 4 diarrhea (CTCAE v3.0). Assuming a 45% placebo incidence rate, a one-sided chi-square test (alpha 0.05) would require 226 pts to detect a 42% reduction in incidence due to octreotide acetate. Results: The study accrued 233 pts (215 analyzable), 106 pts in the placebo arm and 109 pts in the octreotide acetate arm. The majority of pts (80%) on each arm had rectal cancer. There was no statistically significant difference in incidence of grade 2+ diarrhea (p=0.21) with 52 (49%) and 48 (44%) in the placebo and octreotide acetate treatment arms, respectively. There was also no statistically significant difference between the treatment arms in chemoradiation delivery or medical resource utilization. Conclusions: Prophylactic use of octreotide acetate was not shown to significantly reduce the incidence of mild, moderate or severe diarrhea. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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James J, Rodenburg P, Middlemiss K, Vickerman C. An acuity model enabling prediction of nursing staff levels required in a national burn centre. Burns 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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175
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Courtenay M, Carey N, James J, Hills M, Roland J. An evaluation of a specialist nurse prescriber on diabetes in-patient service delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Davey MG, James J, Paton IR, Burt DW, Tickle C. Analysis of talpid3 and wild-type chicken embryos reveals roles for Hedgehog signalling in development of the limb bud vasculature. Dev Biol 2006; 301:155-65. [PMID: 16959240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chicken talpid(3) mutant embryos have a wide range of Hedgehog-signalling related defects and it is now known that the talpid(3) gene product encodes a novel protein essential for Hedgehog signalling which is required for both activator and repressor functions of Gli transcription factors (Davey, M.G., Paton, I.R., Yin, Y., Schmidt, M., Bangs, F.K., Morrice, D.R., Gordon-Smith, T., Buxton, P., Stamataki, D., Tanaka, M., Münsterberg, A.E., Briscoe, J., Tickle, C., Burt, D.W. (2006). The chicken talpid(3) gene encodes a novel protein essential for Hedgehog signalling. Genes Dev 20 1365-77). Haemorrhaging, oedema and other severe vascular defects are a central aspect of the talpid(3) phenotype (Ede, D.A. and Kelly, W.A (1964a). Developmental abnormalities in the head region of the talpid(3) mutant fowl. J. Embryol. exp. Morp. 12:161-182) and, as Hedgehog (Hh) signalling has been implicated in every stage of development of the vascular system, the vascular defects seen in talpid(3) are also likely to be attributable to abnormal Hedgehog signalling. Gene expression of members of the VEGF and Angiopoietin families of angiogenic growth factors has been linked to haemorrhaging and oedema and we find widespread expression of VEGF-D, rigf and Ang2a in the talpid(3) limb. Furthermore, ectopic expression of these genes in talpid(3) limbs points to regulation via Gli repression rather than activation. We monitored specification of vessel identity in talpid(3) limb vasculature by examining expression of artery-specific genes, Np1 and EphrinB2, and the vein-specific genes, Np2a and Tie2. We show that there are supernumerary subclavian arteries in talpid(3) limb buds and abnormal expression of an artery-specific gene in the venous submarginal sinus, despite the direction of blood flow being normal. Furthermore, we show that Shh can induce Np1 expression but has no effect on Np2a. Finally, we demonstrate that induction of VEGF and Ang2a expression by Shh in normal limb buds is accompanied by vascular remodelling. Thus Hedgehog signalling has a pivotal role in the cascade of angiogenic events in a growing embryonic organ which is similar to that proposed in tumours.
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James J, Chamley L. Bipotential cytotrophoblasts in the first trimester of pregnancy?: comment on Baczyk et Al., published in issue 27. Placenta 2006; 28:593-4; author reply 595-6. [PMID: 16904743 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chakrabarti J, Evans AJ, James J, Ellis IO, Pinder SE, Macmillan RD. Accuracy of mammography in predicting histological extent of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Eur J Surg Oncol 2006; 32:1089-92. [PMID: 16872800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Accuracy of mammography in predicting pathological extent of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mammographic extent is the main determinant for offering wide local excision (WLE) for DCIS. It is recognized that this is not always accurate. Patients who prove to have larger lesions than predicted require further surgery. The aim of this study was to define the degree of variance between mammographic (MMG) and pathological (path) measurements of DCIS and to analyse the factors predicting a significant discrepancy. METHODS The pathological and mammographic data for 174 cases of DCIS were reviewed. RESULTS The mammographic size was bigger than the histological size in 97 (55.7%) and there was >10mm difference in 18 (10.3%) cases. The histological size was bigger than the mammographic size in 69 (39.7%) cases and >10mm difference was found in 30 (17.2%) cases. There was a significant relationship between larger MMG size, MMG size measured in two dimensions (MMG bi-dimensional product) and MMG-path size discrepancy (p<0.01). In addition, the larger the size discrepancy, the greater the chance of requiring more than one therapeutic procedure (p<0.01). There was no significant correlation between age, histological grade, mammographic density and shortest distance from nipple with degree of mammographic-pathological size discrepancy.
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James J. [The discovery of the tubercle bacillus by Robert Koch: a milestone for 123 years]. NEDERLANDS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR GENEESKUNDE 2005; 149:2921-6. [PMID: 16402521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the tubercle bacillus and its causal relationship to tuberculosis by the general practitioner Robert Koch (1843-1910) in 1882 was truly a revolutionary discovery by a pioneer. This discovery was very well-documented, making use of optical equipment that had just appeared on the market, and was accomplished in his own home without outside support. In spite of the publication of the discovery in a German medical periodical with only local circulation, the entire scientific world quickly became aware of this fundamental discovery. Koch was relieved from his position as a provincial general practitioner and given a position in a scientific institute in Berlin where he later occupied a central position. Also because of his work on anthrax and cholera, he can be considered a founder of medical bacteriology and was justly awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1905. A shadow was thrown over all this by his misunderstanding about tuberculin, which he erroneously considered to be a potential medicine against tuberculosis.
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Abstract
AIMS The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is a global problem. There are a variety of environmental factors that may be contributing to this increase. One such factor may be the increased consumption of soft drinks. OBJECTIVE This review will describe some of the latest research that has examined the association between obesity and the consumption of soft drinks. RESULTS The association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity has been established in three separate American studies. It has been found that children who consume these drinks have a higher energy intake and are more likely to become overweight. In adult women, the consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks has been associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes. In the United Kingdom, a school-based initiative focusing on reducing the consumption of these drinks has also been effective in preventing a further increase in obesity. CONCLUSIONS There is an association between obesity and consumption of soft drinks. Initiatives focusing on reducing the consumption of these drinks may help to prevent a further increase in childhood obesity.
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Sushma M, Noel MV, Ritika MC, James J, Guido S. Cutaneous adverse drug reactions: a 9-year study from a South Indian Hospital. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2005; 14:567-70. [PMID: 15937869 DOI: 10.1002/pds.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the clinical spectrum of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in hospitalized patients retrospectively for 9 years and to establish a causal link between the drug and the reaction by using World Health Organization (WHO) causality definitions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective hospital-based study over a period of 9 years (January 1994 to December 2002) was carried out in the Department of Dermatology of St. John's Medical College Hospital to record various cutaneous ADRs of the hospitalized patients. Based on WHO causality definitions, ADRs were categorized into certain, probable, possible, and unlikely. The data was subjected to descriptive analysis. RESULTS Of the total 3541 patients, 404 (11.4%) were diagnosed as cutaneous ADRs, of which 52% were males and 48% females. A majority of the patients were in the age group of 21-40 years. Only drugs having certain and probable causal association to the reaction were considered for analysis (384). The most common type of ADR was maculopapular rash (42.7%), followed by Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) (19.5%) and fixed drug eruption (11.4%). The drug class implicated was antibiotics (45%), followed by antiepileptics (19%), NSAIDs (19%). The reaction time (RT) recorded was in accordance with the previous reports. CONCLUSION A wide clinical spectrum of cutaneous ADRs ranging from mild maculopapular rash to serious toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) were observed. The incidence of life threatening cutaneous ADRs like SJS and TEN were found to be higher compared to studies published abroad. Antibiotics were the most commonly implicated drugs. A higher number of cutaneous ADRs were found to newer drugs like cephalosporins and fluroquinolones compared to previous studies.
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Jaunakais DM, Crowley J, Stewart T, Marion C, Chang J, Campbell N, James J, Ghalie R. Evaluation of data collection using internet-based electronic case report forms (eCRFs) for a non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.7221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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184
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Shah RV, Gokden N, James J, Kota M, Kohli M. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in renal cell neoplasms. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.9701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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185
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James J, Nelson I, Mackie T. SU-FF-T-195: Evaluation of Film Calibration Procedures for Quality Assurance of Helical Tomotherapy Treatments. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1997923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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186
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Read WL, Govindan R, James J, Picus J. Phase I study of bexarotene and rosiglitazone in patients with refractory cancers. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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187
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Evans AJ, Wilson R, Britton P, Given-Wilson R, Cornford E, Burrell H, James J, Hamilton L, Kutt E, Vinnicombe S, Perry N, Michell M. Staging imaging in women with primary operable breast cancer. Clin Radiol 2005; 60:520; author reply 520-1. [PMID: 15767113 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2004.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kruger M, Zittrich S, Redwood C, Blaudeck N, James J, Robbins J, Pfitzer G, Stehle R. Effects of the mutation R145G in human cardiac troponin I on the kinetics of the contraction-relaxation cycle in isolated cardiac myofibrils. J Physiol 2005; 564:347-57. [PMID: 15718266 PMCID: PMC1464436 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.079095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) has been linked to mutations in sarcomeric proteins such as human cardiac troponin I (hcTnI). To elucidate the functional consequences of the mutation hcTnI(R145G) on crossbridge kinetics, force kinetics were analysed in murine cardiac myofibrils carrying either the mutant or the wild-type protein. The mutation was introduced into the myofibrils in two different ways: in the first approach, the endogenous Tn was replaced by incubation of the myofibrils with an excess of reconstituted recombinant hcTn containing either hcTnI(WT) or hcTnI(R145G). Alternatively, myofibrils were isolated either from non-transgenic or transgenic mice expressing the corresponding mcTnI(R146G) mutation. In myofibrils from both models, the mutation leads to a significant upward shift of the passive force-sarcomere length relation determined at pCa 7.5. Addition of 5 mm BDM (2,3-butandione-2-monoxime), an inhibitor of actomyosin ATPase partially reverses this shift, suggesting that the mutation impairs the normal function of cTnI to fully inhibit formation of force-generating crossbridges in the absence of Ca(2)(+). Maximum force development (F(max)) is significantly decreased by the mutation only in myofibrils exchanged with hcTnI(R145G) in vitro. Ca(2)(+) sensitivity of force development was reduced by the mutation in myofibrils from transgenic mice but not in exchanged myofibrils. In both models the rate constant of force development k(ACT) is reduced at maximal [Ca(2)(+)] but not at low [Ca(2)(+)] where it is rather increased. Force relaxation is significantly prolonged due to a reduction of the relaxation rate constant k(REL). We therefore assume that the impairment in the regulatory function of TnI by the mutation leads to modulations in crossbridge kinetics that significantly alter the dynamics of myofibrillar contraction and relaxation.
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Shu C, Guo L, Bruner G, Gilkeson G, Kamen D, Tang YH, Dozmorov I, Kelly J, Ning J, Williams D, Pongratz C, James J, Guthridge JM, Harley JB. 358 DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN B CELLS FROM GULLAH LUPUS PATIENTS AND CONTROLS. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00006.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Guo L, Dominguez N, Dozmorov I, Tang YH, Namjou B, Kelly J, Hutchings D, Bruner G, Klein W, James J, Kaufman K, Scofield H, Guthridge JM, Harley JB. 35 GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN-AMERICAN LUPUS PATIENTS WITH THYROID DISEASE COMPARED TO MATCHED CONTROLS. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00006.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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James J. [Van Leeuwenhoek's discovery of bacteria: a look too far ahead]. NEDERLANDS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR GENEESKUNDE 2004; 148:2590-4. [PMID: 15646862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
During the 17th century microscopy was practised at the Royal Society in London by the curator Robert Hooke (1635-1703). He made use of the compound microscope (with uncorrected lenses) and published a book describing the most varied observations of botanical and animal specimens, among which he introduced the concept of 'cellula', observed in botanical material. The useful magnification was limited to 30-40 times. During the same period, the passionate amateur Anthonie van Leeuwenhoek in Delft (1632-1723) was engaged in microscopy, using a so-called simple microscope which was difficult to use but could be applied--albeit with a greater effort--at a much larger aperture so that magnifications in the range of 75-150 times were feasible. Using these self-made instruments, Van Leeuwenhoek was able to observe and describe bacteria, but this could not be confirmed at the Royal Society. It took 150 years before the compound microscope reached this level and bacteria were recognized as pathogenic organisms.
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Aleem A, Lovell R, Holder K, Chakarbarti S, James J, Milligan DW. Performing bone marrow harvest on an outpatient basis: a single center UK experience. Acta Haematol 2004; 112:200-2. [PMID: 15564731 DOI: 10.1159/000081272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow harvest (BMH) has historically been performed on an inpatient basis with a minimum of overnight inpatient stays. We commenced a program of outpatient (day case) BMH in 1999, performing 54 day case BMHs over a 3-year period. Of the total of 54 cases, 51 were known patients with hematological malignancies and 3 were healthy normal donors. Seven were excluded from day case BMH. Five (10.6%) of 47 patients/donors who were accepted for day case BMH required overnight admission. Two developed hypotension requiring intravenous fluid resuscitation. Two had excessive vomiting and 1 a difficult and prolonged harvest and was admitted at the request of the anesthetist. None of the patients admitted required more than overnight admission and 42 (89.4%) were discharged the same evening. In conclusion, day case BMH is safe, cost-effective, and reduces the pressure on inpatient beds.
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Kota M, Shah R, James J, Kohli M, Greene G, Maddox AM, Gokden N. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in renal cell neoplasms. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.9699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Barton EN, Sargeant LA, Samuels D, Smith R, James J, Wilson R, Smith F, Falconer H, Yeates C, Smikle MF, Gilbert DT. A survey of chronic renal failure in Jamaica. W INDIAN MED J 2004; 53:81-4. [PMID: 15199716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic renal failure (CRF)/end stage renal disease and the accessibility of long term renal replacement therapy in Jamaica were evaluated. The study was conducted at six Jamaican healthcare facilities between July 1998 and December 1999 and included 605 patients with CRF. Men with CRF (57% of patients, mean age of 56.7 years) were significantly older than women (mean age 53.2 years). Hypertension was the most commonly associated medical condition (60.8% of patients) followed by diabetes mellitus (31.4% of patients). The estimated crude point prevalence of CRF in persons 20 years and over at the end of 1999 was 327 per million population. More than one-third of patients with CRF (39%) were receiving renal replacement therapy, the most common modality being haemodialysis, and only 1.8% of patients had received kidney transplantation. The prevalence of chronic renal failure was not increased in areas known to have high soil cadmium levels. Chronic renal failure is a significant public health problem in Jamaica and is placing an increasing financial burden on the healthcare sector.
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Hewitt C, McCormick D, Linden G, Turk D, Stern I, Wallace I, Southern L, Zhang L, Howard R, Bullon P, Wong M, Widmer R, Gaffar KA, Awawdeh L, Briggs J, Yaghmai R, Jabs EW, Hoeger P, Bleck O, Rüdiger SG, Petersilka G, Battino M, Brett P, Hattab F, Al-Hamed M, Sloan P, Toomes C, Dixon M, James J, Read AP, Thakker N. The role of cathepsin C in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, prepubertal periodontitis, and aggressive periodontitis. Hum Mutat 2004; 23:222-8. [PMID: 14974080 DOI: 10.1002/humu.10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that loss-of-function mutations in the cathepsin C gene (CTSC) result in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, an autosomal recessive condition characterized by palmoplantar keratosis and early-onset, severe periodontitis. Others have also reported CTSC mutations in patients with severe prepubertal periodontitis, but without any skin manifestations. The possible role of CTSC variants in more common types of non-mendelian, early-onset, severe periodontitis ("aggressive periodontitis") has not been investigated. In this study, we have investigated the role of CTSC in all three conditions. We demonstrate that PLS is genetically homogeneous and the mutation spectrum that includes three novel mutations (c.386T>A/p.V129E, c.935A>G/p.Q312R, and c.1235A>G/p.Y412C) in 21 PLS families (including eight from our previous study) provides an insight into structure-function relationships of CTSC. Our data also suggest that a complete loss-of-function appears to be necessary for the manifestation of the phenotype, making it unlikely that weak CTSC mutations are a cause of aggressive periodontitis. This was confirmed by analyses of the CTSC activity in 30 subjects with aggressive periodontitis and age-sex matched controls, which demonstrated that there was no significant difference between these two groups (1,728.7 +/- SD 576.8 micro moles/mg/min vs. 1,678.7 +/- SD 527.2 micro moles/mg/min, respectively, p = 0.73). CTSC mutations were detected in only one of two families with prepubertal periodontitis; these did not form a separate functional class with respect to those observed in classical PLS. The affected individuals in the other prepubertal periodontitis family not only lacked CTSC mutations, but in addition did not share the haplotypes at the CTSC locus. These data suggest that prepubertal periodontitis is a genetically heterogeneous disease that, in some families, just represents a partially penetrant PLS.
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Evans A, James J, Pinder S. Mammographic casting-type calcification associated with small screen-detected invasive breast cancers: is this a reliable prognostic indicator? Clin Radiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2003.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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197
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Bangura N, Greenwood T, James J, Denaro F. A stereotaxic atlas of the monkey frontal lobes. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2003; 49:1253-60. [PMID: 14983995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A stereotaxic atlas of the frontal lobes of M. Arctoides is presented as a consecutive series of line drawings. It is based on six animals. Alternating serial coronal sections stained with cresyl violet or Luxol Fast Blue were produced for each brain. Representative sections were used to prepare line drawings at one-millimeter intervals at a magnification of 4x. The stereotaxic anterior to posterior range is +43 to +20. This line drawing format can be use to recorded electrode placement or document the extent of lesions.
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Komolafe OO, James J, Makoka M, Kalongeolera L. Epidemiology and mortality of burns at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Blantyre, Malawi. THE CENTRAL AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2003; 49:130-4. [PMID: 15301466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the most common causes, population most at risk and the pattern of mortality of burn injuries at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. DESIGN Retrospective cross sectional study. SETTING Burns Unit, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre, Malawi. SUBJECTS One thousand eight hundred and twenty five case files of burn patients admitted to the QECH, Blantyre, between January 1994 and December 1999, involving 941 male and 884 female patients among whom 145 were epileptic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Aetiology of burns and the population most at risk at the QECH, Blantyre. RESULTS More males (52%) than females (48%) suffered from burns during the six year study period. Children below age five (55%) were most at risk while 89% were below 30 years of age. Hot water (38%) was the most common cause of burns, but among epileptic patients, it was open fire (83%). While 71% of all inpatients had superficial burns (less than 10% TBSA) 22% had deep burns requiring grafting. Almost all the patients (98%) had multiple antibiotic therapy combined with topical application of silver sulfadiazine. Overall mortality was 12% but among the epileptic patients it was 16%. CONCLUSION Children under five years of age were the major victims of burn injuries in this study. There is, therefore, need to mount effective awareness campaigns in order to target the root causes of burns in children.
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Komolafe OO, James J, Kalongolera L, Makoka M. Bacteriology of burns at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. Burns 2003; 29:235-8. [PMID: 12706616 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-4179(02)00273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study to determine the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of burn isolates at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre, Malawi was undertaken. While a total of 1825 burn patients were admitted to the hospital over a 6-year period (January 1994 to December 1999) only 317 (17.4%) specimens selected from as many patients were processed. One hundred and seventy (170/53.6%) specimens yielded single while the rest (147/46.4%) had multiple isolates giving a total of 535 bacterial isolates. Of this number, 236 (44.1%) were Gram-negatives and 299 (55.9%), Gram-positives. Among the Gram-negatives, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Coliforms/Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common accounting for 94.1% while in the Gram-positive group, staphylococcal and streptococcal spp. predominated (100%). However, the three most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (37.6%), P. aeruginosa (22.4%) and beta-haemolytic streptococci (13.6%). While S. aureus and beta-haemolytic streptococci were most susceptible to penicillin (33.3 and 64.4% susceptibility, respectively), gentamycin appeared most effective against P. aeruginosa (53.3%). A general broad-spectrum resistance to panels of antibiotics used in the study was however observed among the bacterial isolates. From these results, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, streptococcal spp., P. mirabilis, Coliforms and K. pneumoniae representing 96.4% of all isolates were the most common in the Burns Unit.
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James J, Hofland HWC, Borgstein ES, Kumiponjera D, Komolafe OO, Zijlstra EE. The prevalence of HIV infection among burn patients in a burns unit in Malawi and its influence on outcome. Burns 2003; 29:55-60. [PMID: 12543046 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-4179(02)00236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a 1 year study, 342 patients admitted to the Burns Unit at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre, Malawi underwent a voluntary HIV test. Forty (11.7%) tested HIV positive: of those aged above 15 years, 31% (34 out of 112) were HIV positive, whilst 3% (6 of 231) aged under 15 were HIV positive of whom the majority were in those aged under 5 years (5 of 125, 4%). Patients who were HIV positive had an increased risk of death (P=0.04) which was mainly due to sepsis, but those HIV patients, who did not develop infection or recovered from an episode of sepsis, had similar hospital stay, need for skin grafting and graft take as nonHIV patients. There was no difference in pathogens cultured from wound swabs taken from HIV positive and negative patients. HIV positive patients had significantly lower CD4 counts as compared to HIV negative patients (mean 383mm3 (S.D. 320) and 937mm3 (S.D. 497), respectively). However, low CD4 counts were also found in the HIV negative patients (mean 901, range 131-1964) and 24% had CD4 <500/mm3. Both HIV status and the total body surface area (TBSA) burned were independent predictors of CD4 count. TBSA was an independent risk factor for death (odds ratio 1.3; 95% CI 1.1, 1.4). In patients with TBSA burns of over 30%, mortality approached 100% irrespective of HIV status, but in patients with burns of 11-20% TBSA and who were HIV positive have a mortality of 25% compared to 12% in HIV negative patients; for 21-30% TBSA burns mortality was 100% compared to 50% for HIV positive and HIV negative patients, respectively.
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