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Nilsson J, Lichtman A, Tedgui A. Atheroprotective immunity and cardiovascular disease: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. J Intern Med 2015; 278:507-19. [PMID: 25659809 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Emerging knowledge of the role of atheroprotective immune responses in modulating inflammation and tissue repair in atherosclerotic lesions has provided promising opportunities to develop novel therapies directly targeting the disease process in the artery wall. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have a protective role through release of anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of autoreactive effector T cells. Studies in experimental animals have shown that blocking the generation or action of Treg cells is associated with more aggressive development of atherosclerosis. Conversely, cell transfer and other approaches to expand Treg cell populations in vivo result in reduced atherosclerosis. There have been relatively few clinical studies of Treg cells and cardiovascular disease, but the available evidence also supports a protective function. These observations have raised hope that it may be possible to develop therapies that act by enforcing the suppressive activities of Treg cells in atherosclerotic lesions. One approach to achieve this goal has been through development of vaccines that stimulate immunological tolerance for plaque antigens. Several pilot vaccines based on LDL-derived antigens have demonstrated promising results in preclinical testing. If such therapies can be shown to be effective also in clinical trials, this could have an important impact on cardiovascular prevention and treatment. Here, we review the current knowledge of the mode of action of atheroprotective immunity and of the ways to stimulate such pathways in experimental settings. The challenges in translating this knowledge into the clinical setting are also discussed within the perspective of the experience of introducing immune-based therapies for other chronic noninfectious diseases.
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Gallagher P, Nilsson J, Finkelmeyer A, Goshawk M, Macritchie KA, Lloyd AJ, Thompson JM, Porter RJ, Young AH, Ferrier IN, McAllister-Williams RH, Watson S. Neurocognitive intra-individual variability in mood disorders: effects on attentional response time distributions. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2985-2997. [PMID: 26073667 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attentional impairment is a core cognitive feature of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, little is known of the characteristics of response time (RT) distributions from attentional tasks. This is crucial to furthering our understanding of the profile and extent of cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) in mood disorders. METHOD A computerized sustained attention task was administered to 138 healthy controls and 158 patients with a mood disorder: 86 euthymic BD, 33 depressed BD and 39 medication-free MDD patients. Measures of IIV, including individual standard deviation (iSD) and coefficient of variation (CoV), were derived for each participant. Ex-Gaussian (and Vincentile) analyses were used to characterize the RT distributions into three components: mu and sigma (mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian portion of the distribution) and tau (the 'slow tail' of the distribution). RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, iSD was increased significantly in all patient samples. Due to minimal changes in average RT, CoV was only increased significantly in BD depressed patients. Ex-Gaussian modelling indicated a significant increase in tau in euthymic BD [Cohen's d = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.69, p = 0.011], and both sigma (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.07-1.05, p = 0.025) and tau (d = 1.14, 95% CI 0.60-1.64, p < 0.0001) in depressed BD. The mu parameter did not differ from controls. CONCLUSIONS Increased cognitive variability may be a core feature of mood disorders. This is the first demonstration of differences in attentional RT distribution parameters between MDD and BD, and BD depression and euthymia. These data highlight the utility of applying measures of IIV to characterize neurocognitive variability and the great potential for future application.
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Shore AC, Colhoun HM, Natali A, Palombo C, Östling G, Aizawa K, Kennbäck C, Casanova F, Persson M, Gooding K, Gates PE, Khan F, Looker HC, Adams F, Belch J, Pinnoli S, Venturi E, Morizzo C, Goncalves I, Ladenvall C, Nilsson J. Measures of atherosclerotic burden are associated with clinically manifest cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a European cross-sectional study. J Intern Med 2015; 278:291-302. [PMID: 25752315 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to develop and validate surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects with diabetes. The macrovascular changes associated with diabetes include aggravated atherosclerosis, increased arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine which of these factors is most strongly associated with clinically manifest cardiovascular events. METHODS Vascular changes were measured in a cohort of 458 subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke or lower extremity arterial disease), 527 subjects with T2D but without clinically manifest CVD and 515 subjects without T2D and with or without CVD. RESULTS Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and ankle-brachial pressure index were independently associated with the presence of CVD in subjects with T2D, whereas pulse wave velocity and endothelial function provided limited independent additive information. Measurement of IMT in the carotid bulb provided better discrimination of the presence of CVD in subjects with T2D than measurement of IMT in the common carotid artery. The factors most significantly associated with increased carotid IMT in T2D were age, disease duration, systolic blood pressure, impaired renal function and increased arterial stiffness, whereas there were no or weak independent associations with metabolic factors and endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Measures of atherosclerotic burden are associated with clinically manifest CVD in subjects with T2D. In addition, vascular changes that are not directly related to known metabolic risk factors are important in the development of both atherosclerosis and CVD in T2D. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved is crucial for enabling better identification of CVD risk in T2D.
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Lunavat T, Lesley C, Kim D, Bhadury J, Lässer C, Sharples R, Lopez M, Nilsson J, Gho Y, Hill A, Lötvall J. 141 Small RNA deep sequencing discriminates subsets of extracellular vesicles released by melanoma cells - evidence of unique microRNA cargos. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Erlöv T, Cinthio M, Edsfeldt A, Segsted S, Dias N, Nilsson J, Goncalves I. Accurate detection of human vulnerable carotid plaques using a novel ultrasound-based plaque structure analysis (UPSA). Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Magnhagen C, Backström T, Øverli Ø, Winberg S, Nilsson J, Vindas MA, Brännäs E. Behavioural responses in a net restraint test predict interrenal reactivity in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:88-99. [PMID: 25919345 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a 1 min net restraint test was evaluated as a method to predict stress-coping style in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus, by investigating the relationship between behaviour during the test and levels of plasma cortisol sampled after 30 min confinement. In two separate groups of S. alpinus, general linearized model revealed significant correlations between cortisol levels and principal component scores extracted from principal component analysis, combining measures of activity in the tests. With the use of glmulti, the model selection ruled out any effects of size, sex and order of capture on interrenal reactivity. In general, S. alpinus that were more active in the net restraint test also had low levels of circulating cortisol, suggesting a proactive coping style. The results from two repeated runs were not correlated, but both runs, performed eight days apart, show a negative correlation between post-stress cortisol level and activity in the net. The lack of consistency could be explained by different treatments before each run and individual differences in behavioural plasticity. The net restraint test is thus predictive of stress-coping style in S. alpinus, and has the benefit of being less time-consuming than the commonly used confinement stress test.
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Bergenfeldt H, Andersson B, Nilsson J. Donor-Recipient Weight Matching in Adult Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Knutsson A, Hsiung S, Celik S, Wigren M, Nilsson J, Hultgårdh-Nilsson A. 558 Treatment with an LHRH agonist, but not the LHRH antagonist degarelix, induces atherosclerotic plaque instability in ApoE-/- mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(15)60551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Matias L, Palmqvist T, Wolke J, Nilsson J, Beskow C, Toma-Dasu I. EP-1596: Radiobiological evaluation of HIPO inversely planned pulsed-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nilsson J, Ohlsson M, Stehlik J, Lund L, Andersson B. Prediction of Primary Graft Dysfunction After Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Nilsson J, Thor A, Kamer L. Development of workflow for recording virtual bite in the planning of orthognathic operations. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53:384-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lo Martire R, Gladh K, Westman A, Lindholm P, Nilsson J, Äng BO. Neck muscle activity in skydivers during parachute opening shock. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:307-16. [PMID: 25754941 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This observational study investigated skydiver neck muscle activity during parachute opening shock (POS), as epidemiological data recently suggested neck pain in skydivers to be related to POS. Twenty experienced skydivers performed two terminal velocity skydives each. Surface electromyography quantified muscle activity bilaterally from the anterior neck, the upper and lower posterior neck, and the upper shoulders; and two triaxial accelerometers sampled deceleration. Muscle activity was normalized as the percentage of reference maximum voluntary electrical activity (% MVE); and temporal muscle activity onset was related to POS onset. Our results showed that neck muscle activity during POS reached mean magnitudes of 53-104% MVE, often exceeding reference activity in the lower posterior neck and upper shoulders. All investigated muscle areas' mean temporal onsets occurred <50 ms after POS onset (9-34 ms latencies), which is consistent with anticipatory motor control. The high muscle activity observed supports that the neck is under substantial strain during POS, while temporal muscle activation suggests anticipatory motor control to be a strategy used by skydivers to protect the cervical spine from POS. This study's findings contribute to understanding the high rates of POS-related neck pain, and further support the need for evaluation of neck pain preventative strategies.
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Jeuthe H, Brännäs E, Nilsson J. Thermal stress in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus broodstock: a 28 year case study. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:1139-1152. [PMID: 25683742 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and egg viability data from an Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus hatchery covering a period of 28 years were analysed. During the study period, there was a significant increase in the mean water temperature in May, July, August and September of c. 2° C. Independent of year, the egg viability showed a negative correlation with the mean monthly temperatures in July, August and September as well as with the temperature difference between October and November. The negative effect of high summer temperatures was further supported by a comparison of egg viability from replicate broodstock reared at two sites differing mainly in summer water temperature. The eggs from the colder site were, on average, significantly larger (4·4 mm compared with 4·0 mm) and had higher hatching rates (57% compared with 37%). These results suggest that unfavourable temperature conditions during the summer and autumn can explain much of the excessive egg mortality experienced at the main facility used for the Swedish S. alpinus breeding programme. The main effect was supra-optimal temperatures during the period July to September, but there also appears to have been an effect from the temperature regime before and during spawning (October to November) that was unrelated to the summer temperatures. These findings emphasize the importance of site selection and sustainable management of aquaculture hatcheries in the light of the ongoing climate change.
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Eriksson M, Castelo-Branco A, Nilsson J. Cost-Effectiveness of Aflibercept in the Treatment of Macular Oedema Secondary to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion In Sweden. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A608. [PMID: 27202114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Nilsson J, Jervaeus A, Lampic C, Eriksson LE, Widmark C, Armuand GM, Malmros J, Marshall Heyman M, Wettergren L. 'Will I be able to have a baby?' Results from online focus group discussions with childhood cancer survivors in Sweden. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2704-11. [PMID: 25344069 PMCID: PMC4227581 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What do adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer think about the risk of being infertile? SUMMARY ANSWER The potential infertility, as well as the experience of having had cancer, affects well-being, intimate relationships and the desire to have children in the future. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Many childhood cancer survivors want to have children and worry about possible infertility. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION For this qualitative study with a cross-sectional design, data were collected through 39 online focus group discussions during 2013. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Cancer survivors previously treated for selected diagnoses were identified from The Swedish Childhood Cancer Register (16–24 years old at inclusion, ≥5 years after diagnosis) and approached regarding study participation. Online focus group discussions of mixed sex (n = 133) were performed on a chat platform in real time. Texts from the group discussions were analysed using qualitative content analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The analysis resulted in the main category Is it possible to have a baby? including five generic categories: Risk of infertility affects well-being, Dealing with possible infertility, Disclosure of possible infertility is a challenge, Issues related to heredity and Parenthood may be affected. The risk of infertility was described as having a negative impact on well-being and intimate relationships. Furthermore, the participants described hesitation about becoming a parent due to perceived or anticipated physical and psychological consequences of having had cancer. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Given the sensitive topic of the study, the response rate (36%) is considered acceptable. The sample included participants who varied with regard to received fertility-related information, current fertility status and concerns related to the risk of being infertile. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results may be transferred to similar contexts with other groups of patients of childbearing age and a risk of impaired fertility due to disease. The findings imply that achieving parenthood, whether or not with biological children, is an area that needs to be addressed by health care services. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was financially supported by The Cancer Research Foundations of Radiumhemmet, The Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation and the Doctoral School in Health Care Science, Karolinska Institutet. The authors report no conflicts of interest.
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Stevenson RM, Nilsson J, Bennett AJ, Skiba-Szymanska J, Farrer I, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. Quantum teleportation of laser-generated photons with an entangled-light-emitting diode. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2859. [PMID: 24300834 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum teleportation can transfer information between physical systems, which is essential for engineering quantum networks. Of the many technologies being investigated to host quantum bits, photons have obvious advantages as 'pure' quantum information carriers, but their bandwidth and energy is determined by the quantum system that generates them. Here we show that photons from fundamentally different sources can be used in the optical quantum teleportation protocol. The sources we describe have bandwidth differing by a factor over 100, but we still observe teleportation with average fidelity of 0.77, beating the quantum limit by 10 standard deviations. Furthermore, the dissimilar nature of our sources exposes physics hidden in previous experiments, which we also predict numerically. These phenomena include converting qubits from Poissonian to Fock statistics, quantum interference, beats and teleportation for spectrally non-degenerate photons, and acquisition of evolving character following teleportation of a qubit.
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Engelbertsen D, Minguez JV, Fredrikson GN, Alm R, Hedblad B, Björkbacka H, Nilsson J, Bengtsson E. Low levels of igm antibodies against an age-modified apoliprotein b100 peptide predict cardiovascular events in non-diabetics. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hultgårdh-Nilsson A, Tengryd C, Shami A, Gonsalves I, Nilsson J. The collagen binding protein fibromodulin contributes to atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and cerebrovascular events. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fredrikson GN, Mantani P, Dunér P, Bengtsson E, Alm R, Ljungcrantz I, Söderberg I, Sundius L, To F, Nilsson J, Björkbacka H. IL-25 expands innate lymphoid cells type 2 and inhibits atherosclerosis development in apoe deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Edsfeldt A, Grufman H, Nitulescu M, Persson A, Nilsson M, Nilsson J, Goncalves I. Circulating biomarkers for expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in carotid plaques. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Asciutto G, Dias N, Fredrikson G, Alm R, Gonçalves I, Nilsson J. Plasma levels of igg anti oxidized ldl predict the occurrence of cv death in patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Warpman Berglund U, Gad H, Jemth A, Koolmeister T, Gokturk C, Pham T, Nilsson J, Eshtad S, Scobie M, Helleday T. 835: Inhibiting MTH1 kills cancer cells by preventing sanitisation of oxidised dNTP pool. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Carlsson Tedgren A, Persson M, Nilsson J. SU-F-19A-10: Recalculation and Reporting Clinical HDR 192-Ir Head and Neck Dose Distributions Using Model Based Dose Calculation. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lund L, Andersson B, Stehlik J, Nilsson J. Induction With Anti-Thymocyte Globulin After Heart Transplantation Is Associated with Better Long-term Survival Compared to Basiliximab. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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