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Ducournau F, Arianni M, Awwad S, Baur EM, Beaulieu JY, Bouloudhnine M, Caloia M, Chagar K, Chen Z, Chin AY, Chow EC, Cobb T, David Y, Delgado PJ, Woon Man Fok M, French R, Golubev I, Haugstvedt JR, Ichihara S, Jorquera RA, Koo SCJJ, Lee JY, Lee YK, Lee YJ, Liu B, Kaleli T, Mantovani GR, Mathoulin C, Messina JC, Muccioli C, Nazerani S, Ng CY, Obdeijn MC, Van Overstraeten L, Prasetyono TOH, Ross M, Shih JT, Smith N, Suarez R FA, Chan PT, Tiemdjo H, Wahegaonkar A, Wells MC, Wong WY, Wu F, Yang XF, Yanni D, Yao J, Liverneaux PA. COVID-19: Initial experience of an international group of hand surgeons. HAND SURGERY & REHABILITATION 2020; 39:159-166. [PMID: 32278932 PMCID: PMC7194873 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected medical treatment protocols throughout the world. While the pandemic does not affect hand surgeons at first glance, they have a role to play. The purpose of this study was to describe the different measures that have been put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by hand surgeons throughout the world. The survey comprised 47 surgeons working in 34 countries who responded to an online questionnaire. We found that the protocols varied in terms of visitors, health professionals in the operating room, patient waiting areas, wards and emergency rooms. Based on these preliminary findings, an international consensus on hand surgery practices for the current viral pandemic, and future ones, needs to be built rapidly.
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Abdi DE, Owen JS, Brindley JC, Birnbaum AC, Wilson PC, Hinz FO, Reguera G, Lee JY, Cregg BM, Kort DR, Fernandez RT. Nutrient and pesticide remediation using a two-stage bioreactor-adsorptive system under two hydraulic retention times. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115311. [PMID: 31783190 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients and pesticides in agricultural runoff contribute to the degradation of water resources. Nitrates and phosphates can be remediated through the use of treatment systems such as woodchip bioreactors and adsorbent aggregate filters; however, concerns remain over potential effects of pesticides on nutrient removal efficiency in these systems. To test this, we designed laboratory-scale woodchip bioreactors equipped with secondary adsorbent aggregate filters and investigated the capacity of these systems to remediate nutrients when operated under two hydraulic retention times (HRT) and in the presence of commonly used pesticides. The woodchip bioreactors effectively removed over 99% of nitrate per day when operated under a 72 h hydraulic retention time, with the secondary expanded shale aggregate filters consistently reducing phosphate concentrations by 80-87%. Treatment efficacy of both systems was maintained in the presence of the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Reducing HRT in the bioreactors to 21 min decreased nitrate removal efficiency; however, the insecticides bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, and the herbicide oxyfluorfen were reduced by 76%, 63%, and 31%, respectively. Cultivation approaches led to the isolation of 45 different species from the woodchip bioreactors operated under a 21 min HRT, with Bacillus species being the most prevalent throughout the treatment. By contrast, pesticide application decreased the number and diversity of Bacillus isolates and enriched for Pseudomonas and Exiguobacterium species. Woodchip bioreactors and adsorbent aggregate filters provide effective treatment platforms to remediate agrochemicals, where they maintain treatment efficacy in the presence of pesticides and can be modulated through HRT management to achieve environmental and operational water quality goals.
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Chin YK, Ina-Salwany MY, Zamri-Saad M, Amal MNA, Mohamad A, Lee JY, Annas S, Al-Saari N. Effects of skin abrasion in immersion challenge with Vibrio harveyi in Asian seabass Lates calcarifer fingerlings. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 137:167-173. [PMID: 31942862 DOI: 10.3354/dao03435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin abrasions often occur in farmed fish following handling by labourers, injury by farm facilities, cannibalism and ectoparasites. Vibrio spp. are opportunistic pathogens that can invade host fish through damaged tissues and cause outbreaks of vibriosis. This study describes the effect of skin abrasions on the infectivity of V. harveyi using Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) fingerlings as a case example and compares bacterial load and fish survival following immersion challenge with different doses. In total, 315 fish (6.67 ± 1.8 g) were divided into 3 treatments: skin abrasion followed by immersion infection, immersion infection only and an uninfected, uninjured control. Fish in the infection treatments were divided into 3 subgroups and exposed in triplicate to a 7 d immersion challenge with 106, 107 and 108 CFU ml-1 of live V. harveyi. No mortalities were observed in the control and immersion infection groups. However, fish in the skin abrasion treatment group that were infected with 108 CFU ml-1 of live V. harveyi showed signs of progressing disease throughout the experiment, which resulted in mortalities. Significantly higher bacterial loads (p < 0.05) were recorded in the intestine, liver and gills of the fish in this group. Fish in the skin abrasion treatment that were exposed to 107 and 108 CFU ml-1 of V. harveyi showed 100% mortality by Days 5 and 4, respectively. These findings confirm that skin injuries increase the susceptibility of seabass fingerlings to V. harveyi infection.
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Lee PR, Lee JY, Kim HB, Lee JH, Oh SB. TRPM8 Mediates Hyperosmotic Stimuli-Induced Nociception in Dental Afferents. J Dent Res 2019; 99:107-114. [PMID: 31718465 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519886847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmolar sweet foods onto exposed tooth dentin evoke sudden and intense dental pain, called dentin hypersensitivity. However, it remains unclear how hyperosmolar stimuli excite dental primary afferent (DPA) neurons and thereby lead to dentin hypersensitivity. This study elucidated whether TRPM8, which is well known as a cold temperature- or menthol-activated receptor, additionally mediates nociception in response to hyperosmolar stimuli in adult mouse DPA neurons, which are identified by a fluorescent retrograde tracer: DiI. Single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that TRPM8 was expressed in subsets of DPA neurons and that TRPM8 was highly colocalized with TRPV1 and Piezo2. Immunohistochemical analysis also confirmed TRPM8 expression in DPA neurons. By using Fura-2-based calcium imaging, application of hyperosmolar sucrose solutions elicited calcium transients in subsets of the trigeminal ganglion neurons, which was significantly abolished by a selective TRPM8 antagonist: N-(3-Aminopropyl)-2-[(3-methylphenyl)methoxy]-N-(2-thienylmethyl)benzamide (AMTB) hydrochloride. When we further examined changes of c-fos expression (a neuronal activation marker) in the spinal trigeminal nucleus after hyperosmolar stimulation onto exposed tooth dentin, c-fos mRNA and protein expression were increased and were also significantly reduced by AMTB, especially in the spinal trigeminal interpolaris-caudalis transition zone (Vi/Vc). Taken together, our results provide strong evidence that TRPM8 expressed in DPA neurons might mediate dental pain as a hyperosmosensor in adult mice.
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Cho SH, Khang YH, June KJ, Lee JY, Cho HJ, Kim YM. Postpartum women’s experience of abuse in childhood, postnatal depression, and thoughts of self-harm. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Postnatal depression threatens the health of both mothers and babies. To improve maternal and child health in Seoul, South Korea, a nurse home visitation program for pregnant women and new mothers and babies has been implemented since 2013.
Methods
Cross-sectional data collected from 9,124 mothers while they were visiting a public health center for prenatal services or a nurse was visiting their home within 6 weeks after birth between 2014 and 2018 were analyzed. Mothers were asked whether they had experienced physical, emotional, or sexual abuse in their childhood. Postnatal depression and thoughts of self-harm were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Postnatal depression was defined as a total EPDS score of 13 or higher; thoughts of self-harm were defined as a response of “yes, quite often,” “sometimes,” or “hardly ever” to the corresponding item, excluding the response of “never".
Results
Overall, 3.2% of mothers had experienced child abuse; 8.1% experienced postnatal depression and 5.4% reported thoughts of self-harm. Postnatal depression was more common in mothers who had experienced child abuse than among those who had not (24.2% vs. 7.6%). A similar pattern was found for thoughts of self-harm (21.1% vs. 4.9%, respectively). When controlling for mothers’ age, economic status, history of receiving treatment for mental health problems, and other factors, having experienced child abuse was associated with a 2.73-fold increase in the odds of postnatal depression (odds ratio, 2.02-3.70) and a 3.58-fold increase in the odds of thoughts of self-harm (odds ratio, 2.58-4.96).
Conclusions
Mothers should be screened for having experienced child abuse when providing public health perinatal care to improve mothers’ mental health and parenting practices and to promote their children’s growth and development.
Key messages
Child abuse may have a lifelong negative effect on victims, and the effect extends to the next generation’s health and development. Public health policy and interventions to prevent child abuse are needed to tackle health inequality beginning in early childhood.
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Small EJ, Saad F, Chowdhury S, Oudard S, Hadaschik BA, Graff JN, Olmos D, Mainwaring PN, Lee JY, Uemura H, De Porre P, Smith AA, Zhang K, Lopez-Gitlitz A, Smith MR. Apalutamide and overall survival in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1813-1820. [PMID: 31560066 PMCID: PMC6927320 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the SPARTAN study, compared with placebo, apalutamide added to ongoing androgen deprivation therapy significantly prolonged metastasis-free survival (MFS) and time to symptomatic progression in patients with high-risk non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). Overall survival (OS) results at the first interim analysis (IA1) were immature, with 104 of 427 (24%) events required for planned final OS analysis. Here, we report the results of a second pre-specified interim analysis (IA2). METHODS One thousand two hundred and seven patients with nmCRPC were randomized 2 : 1 to apalutamide (240 mg daily) or placebo. The primary end point of the study was MFS. Subsequent therapy for metastatic CRPC was permitted. When the primary end point was met, the study was unblinded. Patients receiving placebo who had not yet developed metastases were offered open-label apalutamide. At IA2, pre-specified analysis of OS was undertaken, using a group-sequential testing procedure with O'Brien-Fleming-type alpha spending function. Safety and second progression-free survival (PFS2) were assessed. RESULTS Median follow-up was 41 months. With 285 (67% of required) OS events, apalutamide was associated with an improved OS compared with placebo (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.59-0.96; P = 0.0197), although the P-value did not cross the pre-specified O'Brien-Fleming boundary of 0.0121. Apalutamide improved PFS2 (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.45-0.68). At IA2, 69% of placebo-treated and 40% of apalutamide-treated patients had received subsequent life-prolonging therapy for metastatic CRPC. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSION In patients with nmCRPC, apalutamide was associated with a 25% reduction in risk of death compared with placebo. This OS benefit was observed despite crossover of placebo-treated patients and higher rates of subsequent life-prolonging therapy for the placebo group.
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Sung K, Lee JY, Lee SJ. P645Low levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality outcomes. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
The effect of low concentrations of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) cancer and all-cause mortality is still controversial. In a large, young, well characterized, relatively healthy occupational cohort (Kangbuk Samsung health study, KSHS), we tested associations between low levels of LDL-C concentration, and CVD, cancer and all- cause mortality. To validate these associations, we analyzed data from another cohort (Korean genome and epidemiology study, KoGES).
Methods and results
347,971 subjects in KSHS (mean age 39.6 years, 57.4% men) were studied over a mean follow up of 5.64±3.27 years. All subjects treated with any lipid lowering therapy were excluded. After excluding the data from subjects who died during the first 3 years of follow up, five groups were defined according to baseline LDL-C concentration (<70, 70–99, 100–129, 130–159, ≥160 mg/dL). Hazard ratios (HR and 95% CIs) for all-cause mortality, CVD and cancer mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. In the KoGES validation cohort, 182,943 subjects (mean age 53.1 years, 34.6% men) were studied over a mean follow up of 8.57±2.59 years with same methods. 2,028 deaths (897 from cancer and 282 from CVD) occurred during follow-up in KSHS. The lowest LDL-C group (LDL<70 mg/dL) had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.95, 1.55–2.47), CVD mortality (HR 2.02, 1.11–3.64) and cancer mortality (HR 2.06, 1.46–2.90) compared to the reference group (LDL 120–139 mg/dL). This association was more prominent in men than in women. In the validation cohort, 2,338 deaths (1,823 from cancer and 199 from CVD) occurred during follow-up. The lowest LDL-C group (LDL<70 mg/dL) had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.81, 1.44–2.28). Men in the lowest LDL-C group had a higher risk of CVD mortality (HR 3.15, 1.21–8.21) and cancer mortality (1.34, 0.99–1.82) in the KoGES cohort.
Conclusions
Low levels of LDL-C concentration are strongly and independently associated with increased risk of cancer, CVD and all-cause mortality especially in men.
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Ko Y, Jung JY, Kim HT, Lee JY. Auditory canal temperature measurement using a wearable device during sleep: Comparisons with rectal temperatures at 6, 10, and 14 cm depths. J Therm Biol 2019; 85:102410. [PMID: 31657752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Monthly rhythms in the body core temperature of women during sleep can provide significant information concerning hormonal fluctuations. The purpose of the present study was to examine and evaluate auditory canal temperature (Tauditory), measured with a newly-developed wearable and wireless device, as a practical index to estimate body core temperature variations during a 7-h sleep period. Comparisons with rectal temperature (Tre) at different depths were conducted. Nine young females slept in a climate chamber at an air temperature of 27 °C with 50% relative humidity. Rectal temperatures at 6, 10 and 14 cm depths, as well as partially insulated Tauditory were simultaneously measured every 5 s during sleep. The results showed that Tauditory was, on average, 0.32 °C lower than Tre at 14 cm depth (P = 0.010), while significant relationships between Tauditory and Tre at 10 cm (r2 = 0.634, P = 0.010), and at 14 cm depths were also found (r2 = 0.826, P = 0.001). Rectal temperatures at 6 cm and 10 cm depths fell between those of Tauditory and Tre at 14 cm. We concluded that Tauditory, as measured using the newly-developed wearable device, can be a reliable, practical and continuous estimate of body core temperature during sleep.
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Lee JY, Cheng KL, Lee JH, Choi YJ, Kim HW, Sung YS, Chung SR, Ryu KH, Chung MS, Kim SY, Lee SW, Baek JH. Detection of Local Recurrence in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Voxel-Based Color Maps of Initial and Final Area under the Curve Values Derived from DCE-MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1392-1401. [PMID: 31320461 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Early detection of local recurrence is important to increase the chance of cure because local recurrence is the main cause of treatment failure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We evaluated the added value of voxel-based color maps of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging compared with conventional MR imaging alone for detecting local recurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 63 consecutive patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after definitive treatment and posttreatment surveillance MR imaging studies that demonstrated focal enhancement at the primary site. Three independent readers assessed conventional MR imaging and a pair of color maps of initial and final 90-second time-signal intensity areas under the curve from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. The sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies of both conventional MR imaging alone and combined interpretation of conventional and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging were assessed using the clinicopathologic diagnosis as the criterion standard. κ statistics were used to evaluate interreader agreement. RESULTS There were 28 patients with subsequently documented local recurrence and 35 with posttreatment change. Adding dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging to conventional MR imaging significantly increased the diagnostic accuracies for detecting local recurrence (48%-54% versus 87%-91%; P < .05), with excellent interreader agreement (κ = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.67-0.92 to κ = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69-0.93). By all 3 readers, the specificities were also significantly improved by adding dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging to conventional MR imaging (22%-43% versus 87%-91%; P < .001) without sacrificing the sensitivities (68%-82% versus 86%-89%; P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Adding voxel-based color maps of initial and final 90-second time-signal intensity areas under the curve from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging to conventional MR imaging increases the diagnostic accuracy to detect local recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by improving the specificity without sacrificing the sensitivity.
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Kim D, Heo YJ, Jeong HW, Baek JW, Han JY, Lee JY, Jin SC, Baek HJ. Usefulness of the Delay Alternating with Nutation for Tailored Excitation Pulse with T1-Weighted Sampling Perfection with Application-Optimized Contrasts Using Different Flip Angle Evolution in the Detection of Cerebral Metastases: Comparison with MPRAGE Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1469-1475. [PMID: 31371358 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolution (SPACE) with the delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation (DANTE) pulse could suppress the blood flow signal and provide a higher contrast-to-noise ratio of enhancing lesion-to-brain parenchyma than the MPRAGE sequence. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of SPACE with DANTE compared with MPRAGE for detecting brain metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-one patients who underwent contrast-enhanced SPACE with DANTE and MPRAGE sequences and who were suspected of having metastatic lesions were included. Two neuroradiologists determined the number of enhancing lesions, and diagnostic performance was evaluated using figure of merit, sensitivity, positive predictive value, interobserver agreement, and reading time. Contrast-to-noise ratiolesion/parenchyma and contrast-to-noise ratiowhite matter/gray matter were also assessed. RESULTS SPACE with DANTE (observer one, 328; observer two, 324) revealed significantly more small (<5 mm) enhancing lesions than MPRAGE (observer one, 175; observer two, 150) (P < 0.001 for observer 1, P ≤ .0001 for observer 2). Furthermore, SPACE with DANTE showed significantly higher figure of merit and sensitivity and shorter reading time than MPRAGE for both observers. The mean contrast-to-noise ratiolesion/parenchyma of SPACE with DANTE (52.3 ± 43.1) was significantly higher than that of MPRAGE (17.5 ± 19.3) (P ≤ .0001), but the mean contrast-to-noise ratiowhite matter/gray matter of SPACE with DANTE (-0.65 ± 1.39) was significantly lower than that of MPRAGE (3.08 ± 1.39) (P ≤ .0001). CONCLUSIONS Compared with MPRAGE, SPACE with DANTE significantly improves the detection of brain metastases.
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Adhikari G, Adhikari P, de Souza EB, Carlin N, Choi S, Djamal M, Ezeribe AC, Ha C, Hahn IS, Jeon EJ, Jo JH, Joo HW, Kang WG, Kang W, Kauer M, Kim GS, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Kim NY, Kim SK, Kim YD, Kim YH, Ko YJ, Kudryavtsev VA, Lee HS, Lee J, Lee JY, Lee MH, Leonard DS, Lynch WA, Maruyama RH, Mouton F, Olsen SL, Park BJ, Park HK, Park HS, Park KS, Pitta RLC, Prihtiadi H, Ra SJ, Rott C, Shin KA, Scarff A, Spooner NJC, Thompson WG, Yang L, Yu GH. Search for a Dark Matter-Induced Annual Modulation Signal in NaI(Tl) with the COSINE-100 Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:031302. [PMID: 31386435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.031302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present new constraints on the dark matter-induced annual modulation signal using 1.7 years of COSINE-100 data with a total exposure of 97.7 kg yr. The COSINE-100 experiment, consisting of 106 kg of NaI(Tl) target material, is designed to carry out a model-independent test of DAMA/LIBRA's claim of WIMP discovery by searching for the same annual modulation signal using the same NaI(Tl) target. The crystal data show a 2.7 cpd/kg/keV background rate on average in the 2-6 keV energy region of interest. Using a χ-squared minimization method we observe best fit values for modulation amplitude and phase of 0.0092±0.0067 cpd/kg/keV and 127.2±45.9 d, respectively.
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Son KL, Jung D, Lee KM, Hwang H, Lee J, Kim TY, Im SA, Lee KH, Spiegel D, Hahm BJ. Morning chronotype is a protective factor against chemotherapy-induced hot flashes in premenopausal women with breast cancer. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:1351-1358. [PMID: 31264189 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer often causes hot flashes, impairing quality of life. However, the chronobiological or psychiatric factors associated with the development of chemotherapy-induced hot flashes (CIHFs) remain undetermined. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether chronotype was associated with the incidence of CIHFs. METHODS A total of 119 premenopausal women with non-metastatic breast cancer awaiting adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery without hot flashes were included. The presence of CIHF was defined as having moderate to severe hot flashes, as measured by the subscale of hot flashes in the Menopause Rating Scale, at 4 weeks after the completion of chemotherapy. Chronotype (Morning/Intermediate/Evening) was assessed with the Composite Scale of Morningness before adjuvant chemotherapy. To examine the association between chronotype and CIHF, we built logistic regression models, adjusting for age, body mass index, sleep quality, and radiation therapy. RESULTS CIHF occurred in 50.4% of participants. Morning type was inversely associated with CIHF (reference: Intermediate type, odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16-0.94; p = 0.040) in the univariate model, and the association remained significant (OR, 0.37; CI, 0.13-0.96; p = 0.045) after adjusting for age, body mass index, sleep quality, and radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS Morning chronotype is a protective factor against the development of CIHF in patients with breast cancer. Chronotypes should be assessed and considered in the prediction and management of CIHF.
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Kim S, Kim DH, Lee HH, Lee JY. Frequency of firefighters' heat-related illness and its association with removing personal protective equipment and working hours. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2019; 57:370-380. [PMID: 30210098 PMCID: PMC6546580 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of firefighters' heat-related illness (HRI) in the line of duty with relation to resting/working hours and the behaviour of taking off PPE during rest periods based on nationwide survey (N=674). The results showed that 74.8% of firefighters experienced HRI symptoms and 5% of firefighters suffered from symptoms of HRI 20 times or more in a year. This study also showed a statistically significant correlation between working hours and removing PPE with the experience of HRI symptoms (p<0.05). In addition, removing PPE except the helmet was correlated with resting hours (p<0.001; Gloves: p=0.051), which indicates that removing PPE is related to resting time. This study revealed that firefighters routinely experienced mild HRI symptoms and the fatalities were just a tiny fraction. It is also emphasized that attention should be given on the significant role of taking off PPE during rest and on the standardized firefighters' rehabilitation followed by its application.
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Kim YJ, Lim YW, Paik HR, Lee JY, Kim SY. What influences use of dental services by the Korean disabled people? The role of perceived barriers in dental care system. COMMUNITY DENTAL HEALTH 2019; 36:101-105. [PMID: 31070873 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_4456young05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the perceived barriers to dental care for disabled people in South Korea using the revised Andersen's model of access to health care. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN Cross-sectional analytic interview study. PARTICIPANTS Korean people with a disability residing in residential facilities, or those at home who attend vocational rehabilitation facilities, special schools, or welfare facilities, were sampled from Seoul and non-Seoul areas in 2016 and were interviewed face-to-face. In total, 456 disabled Koreans, or their primary caregivers participated. RESULTS Household income, disability duration and perceived barriers in the dental care system were perceived to impact on dental care utilisation, while the need for dental care services did not significantly explain the use of dental care by disabled people in South Korea. Those with low household incomes were less likely to use dental care services, compared to people with moderate and high household incomes. As disability duration increased, disabled people were more likely to use dental services. Those who perceived the barriers to dental care as higher were less likely to use dental services. CONCLUSION These data suggest that policies are needed to support disabled people with low household incomes. Lowering barriers in the dental care system may encourage people with disabilities to access timely and adequate dental services.
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Lee JH, Kim HJ, Han KD, Han JH, Bang CH, Park YM, Lee JY, Lee SJ, Park YG, Lee YB. Incidence and prevalence of alopecia areata according to subtype: a nationwide, population-based study in South Korea (2006-2015). Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:1092-1093. [PMID: 31102412 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kim HJ, Lee JY, Lee ES, Jung HJ, Ahn HJ, Kim BI. Improvements in oral functions of elderly after simple oral exercise. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:915-924. [PMID: 31190777 PMCID: PMC6529034 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s205236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Conventional oral exercises in previous studies are considered impractical for continuous use in the elderly because of the extended duration needed for effective outcomes. Therefore, in the present study, a simple oral exercise (SOE) was developed to reduce performance time, focusing on improvements in mastication, salivation, and swallowing functions. The aim of this study was to determine the short-term effects of the SOE with respect to improving mastication, salivation, and swallowing function in elderly subjects ≥65 years of age. Patients and methods: The study included 84 subjects, all of whom performed the SOE 2 times per day for 1 week. Masticatory performance was assessed using the mixing ability index (MAI). Unstimulated saliva and the degree of moisture of the tongue/buccal mucosa were evaluated, and the repetitive saliva swallowing test was performed. On the basis of each of these four measurements, subjects were dichotomized into two groups with high (good) and low (poor) conditions. The same evaluations were conducted before and immediately after intervention, as well as after 1 week of intervention. A subjective evaluation with questionnaires was performed after 1 week of intervention. The changes were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, Cochran’s Q test, and McNemar’s test. Results: The mean MAI increased by 6% immediately after the intervention, and by 16% in the poor-chewing group. Similarly, the amount of unstimulated saliva increased by 0.1 ml/min immediately after the SOE, and by 29% in the poor-salivation group. The degree of tongue moisture increased by 3% and was maintained. In the poor-swallowing group, 25% and 40% of the subjects were upgraded to the good-swallowing group immediately after intervention, as well as after 1 week of intervention, respectively. The subjects experienced less discomfort as their oral function improved. Conclusion: The SOE was effective in immediately improving oral functions, and improvement was maintained for 1 week.
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Heo YJ, Jeong HW, Baek JW, Kim ST, Jeong YG, Lee JY, Jin SC. Pointwise Encoding Time Reduction with Radial Acquisition with Subtraction-Based MRA during the Follow-Up of Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization of Anterior Circulation Aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:815-819. [PMID: 30975655 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Time-of-flight MR angiography, though widely used after coil embolization, is associated with limitations owing to magnetic susceptibility and radiofrequency shielding following stent-assisted coil embolization. We evaluated the pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA) sequence in subtraction-based MRA (qMRA) using an ultrashort TE relative to TOF-MRA during the follow-up of stent-assisted coil embolization for anterior circulation aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients (3 men and 22 women; mean age, 59.1 ± 14.0 years) underwent stent-assisted coil embolization for anterior circulation aneurysms and were retrospectively evaluated using TOF-MRA and PETRA qMRA data from the same follow-up session. Two neuroradiologists independently reviewed both MRA findings and subjectively graded flow within the stents (relative to the latest DSA findings) and occlusion status (complete occlusion or neck/aneurysm remnant). Interobserver and intermodality agreement for TOF-MRA and PETRA qMRA were evaluated. RESULTS The mean score for flow visualization within the stents was significantly higher in PETRA qMRA than in TOF-MRA (P < .001 for both observers), and good interobserver agreement was reported (κ = 0.63). The aneurysm occlusion status of PETRA qMRA (observer 1, 92.0%; observer 2, 88.0%) was more consistent with DSA than with TOF-MRA (observer 1, 76.0%; observer 2, 80.0%), and there was a better intermodality agreement between DSA and PETRA qMRA than between DSA and TOF-MRA. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that PETRA qMRA is a useful follow-up technique for patients who have undergone stent-assisted coil embolization for anterior circulation aneurysms.
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Ha C, Adhikari G, Adhikari P, Barbosa de Souza E, Carlin N, Choi S, Djamal M, Ezeribe AC, Hahn IS, Jeon EJ, Jo JH, Joo HW, Kang WG, Kang W, Kauer M, Kim GS, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Kim NY, Kim SK, Kim YD, Kim YH, Ko YJ, Kudryavtsev VA, Lee HS, Lee J, Lee JY, Lee MH, Leonard DS, Lynch WA, Maruyama RH, Mouton F, Olsen SL, Park BJ, Park HK, Park HS, Park KS, Pitta RLC, Prihtiadi H, Ra SJ, Rott C, Shin KA, Scarff A, Spooner NJC, Thompson WG, Yang L, Yu GH. First Direct Search for Inelastic Boosted Dark Matter with COSINE-100. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:131802. [PMID: 31012610 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A search for inelastic boosted dark matter (IBDM) using the COSINE-100 detector with 59.5 days of data is presented. This relativistic dark matter is theorized to interact with the target material through inelastic scattering with electrons, creating a heavier state that subsequently produces standard model particles, such as an electron-positron pair. In this study, we search for this electron-positron pair in coincidence with the initially scattered electron as a signature for an IBDM interaction. No excess over the predicted background event rate is observed. Therefore, we present limits on IBDM interactions under various hypotheses, one of which allows us to explore an area of the dark photon parameter space that has not yet been covered by other experiments. This is the first experimental search for IBDM using a terrestrial detector.
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Lee JY, Kim JH, Rho JY. Development of Rapid and Specific Detection for the Human Aichivirus A Using the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification from Water Samples. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:375-378. [PMID: 31388217 PMCID: PMC6646635 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Aichivirus A (AiV-A) is classified as a Kobuvirus, group IV positive sense single strand RNA viruses. The first outbreak of AiV-A was reported from Aichi Prefecture, Japan in 1989. AiV-A exists not only among clinical patients, such as diarrhea, but also in a variety of water environments, as its occurrence is reported across a wide geographical range, from developing to advanced countries. For diagnose of AiV-A from water samples, mostly polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system have been developed. However, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has not been applied. In this study, developed a LAMP method to achieve a rapid, specific and highly sensitive detection of AiV-A. The method developed in this study is aimed specifically at AiV-A. Through a specific and non-specific selection and sensitivity test process for the five prepared LAMP primer sets, one primer set and optimum reaction temperature were selected. A newly developed method was more rapid (approximately 2–8 h), specific and equivalent detection of AiV-A than with the conventional PCRs. In addition, confirm system of positive LAMP reaction was developed by using the restriction enzyme Aci I and Hae III. For evaluation and verification of developing LAMP assay, a was applied to twenty cDNA from groundwater samples. This study proved rapid and specific diagnosis of AiV-A from water samples, and it is also demanded to be applicable to other environmental, clinical and food samples.
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Guan P, Wong SF, Lim JQ, Ng CCY, Soong PL, Sim CQX, Ong CK, Rajasegaran V, Myint SS, Lee JY, Tan HK, Iyer NG, Soo KC, Teh BT, Tay ABG. Mutational Signatures in Mandibular Ameloblastoma Correlate with Smoking. J Dent Res 2019; 98:652-658. [PMID: 30917298 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519837248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is a rare tumor of odontogenic epithelium, the low incidence rate of which precludes statistical determination of its molecular characterizations. Despite recent genomic and transcriptomic profiling, the etiology of ameloblastomas remains poorly understood. Risk factors of ameloblastoma development are also largely unknown. Whole exome sequencing was performed on 11 mandibular ameloblastoma samples. We identified 2 convergent mutational signatures in ameloblastoma: 1) a signature found in multiple types of lung cancers with probable etiology of tobacco carcinogens (COSMIC signature 4) and 2) a signature present in gingivobuccal oral squamous cell carcinoma and correlated with tobacco-chewing habits (COSMIC signature 29). These mutational signatures highlight tobacco usage or related mutagens as one possible risk factor of ameloblastoma, since the association of BRAF mutations and smoking was demonstrated in multiple studies. In addition to BRAF hotspot mutations (V600E), we observed clear inter- and intratumor heterogeneities. Interestingly, prior to BRAF mutation, important genes regulating odontogenesis mutated (e.g., corepressor BCOR), possibly playing important roles in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, recurrent mutations in the CDC73 gene, the germline mutations of which predispose patients to the development of jaw tumors, were found in 2 patients, which may lead to recurrence if not targeted by therapeutic drugs. Our unbiased profiling of coding regions of ameloblastoma genomes provides insights to the possible etiology of mandibular ameloblastoma and highlights potential disease risk factors for screening and prevention, especially for Asian patients. Because of the limited sample size and incomplete habitual, dietary, and occupational data, a causal link between tobacco usage and ameloblastoma still requires further investigations.
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Li YB, Shen CP, Yuan CZ, Adachi I, Aihara H, Al Said S, Asner DM, Aushev T, Ayad R, Badhrees I, Ban Y, Bansal V, Beleño C, Berger M, Bhardwaj V, Bhuyan B, Bilka T, Biswal J, Bondar A, Bozek A, Bračko M, Cao L, Červenkov D, Chen A, Cheon BG, Chilikin K, Cho K, Choi SK, Choi Y, Cinabro D, Cunliffe S, Di Carlo S, Doležal Z, Dong TV, Drásal Z, Eidelman S, Fast JE, Fulsom BG, Garg R, Gaur V, Gabyshev N, Garmash A, Giri A, Goldenzweig P, Greenwald D, Grube B, Hayasaka K, Hayashii H, Hsu CL, Iijima T, Inami K, Inguglia G, Ishikawa A, Itoh R, Iwasaki M, Iwasaki Y, Jacobs WW, Jia S, Jin Y, Joffe D, Joo KK, Karyan G, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kim DY, Kim HJ, Kim JB, Kim KT, Kim SH, Kinoshita K, Kodyš P, Korpar S, Kotchetkov D, Križan P, Kroeger R, Krokovny P, Kumita T, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lee JY, Lee SC, Li LK, Li Gioi L, Libby J, Liventsev D, Lubej M, MacNaughton J, Masuda M, Matsuda T, Merola M, Miyabayashi K, Miyata H, Mizuk R, Mohanty GB, Mussa R, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nath KJ, Nayak M, Niiyama M, Nishida S, Ono H, Onuki Y, Pakhlov P, Pakhlova G, Pal B, Pardi S, Park SH, Paul S, Pedlar TK, Pestotnik R, Piilonen LE, Popov V, Prencipe E, Russo G, Sakai Y, Salehi M, Sandilya S, Santelj L, Sanuki T, Savinov V, Schneider O, Schnell G, Schueler J, Schwanda C, Schwartz AJ, Seino Y, Senyo K, Sevior ME, Shibata TA, Shiu JG, Shwartz B, Solovieva E, Starič M, Sumihama M, Sumiyoshi T, Sutcliffe W, Takizawa M, Tanida K, Tao Y, Tenchini F, Trabelsi K, Uchida M, Uglov T, Unno Y, Uno S, Urquijo P, Van Tonder R, Varner G, Wang B, Wang CH, Wang MZ, Wang P, Wang XL, Won E, Yang SB, Ye H, Yelton J, Yin JH, Yusa Y, Zhang ZP, Zhilich V, Zhukova V. First Measurements of Absolute Branching Fractions of the Ξ_{c}^{0} Baryon at Belle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:082001. [PMID: 30932568 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.082001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurements of absolute branching fractions of Ξ_{c}^{0} decays into Ξ^{-}π^{+}, ΛK^{-}π^{+}, and pK^{-}K^{-}π^{+} final states. The measurements are made using a dataset comprising (772±11)×10^{6} BB[over ¯] pairs collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e^{+}e^{-} collider. We first measure the absolute branching fraction for B^{-}→Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-}Ξ_{c}^{0} using a missing-mass technique; the result is B(B^{-}→Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-}Ξ_{c}^{0})=(9.51±2.10±0.88)×10^{-4}. We subsequently measure the product branching fractions B(B^{-}→Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-}Ξ_{c}^{0})B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+}), B(B^{-}→Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-}Ξ_{c}^{0})B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→ΛK^{-}π^{+}), and B(B^{-}→Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-}Ξ_{c}^{0})B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→pK^{-}K^{-}π^{+}) with improved precision. Dividing these product branching fractions by the result for B^{-}→Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-}Ξ_{c}^{0} yields the following branching fractions: B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})=(1.80±0.50±0.14)%, B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→ΛK^{-}π^{+})=(1.17±0.37±0.09)%, and B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→pK^{-}K^{-}π^{+})=(0.58±0.23±0.05)%. For the above branching fractions, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. Our result for B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+}) can be combined with Ξ_{c}^{0} branching fractions measured relative to Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+} to yield other absolute Ξ_{c}^{0} branching fractions.
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Lee JY, Bi R, Pareja F, Geyer FC, Brown D, Wen HY, Norton L, Hicks J, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. Abstract P2-01-02: Whole exome sequencing analysis of the progression from ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive ductal carcinoma. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p2-01-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a bona fide non-obligate precursor of invasive carcinoma. Single cell sequencing studies have revealed intra-lesion genetic heterogeneity in DCIS and shown that progression to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) may occur through different mechanisms, including the selection of a subpopulation of tumor cells, acquisition of new genetic alterations or multi-clonal invasion. Here, we sought to investigate the genetic heterogeneity of DCIS, and to document further the clonal selection process accompanying progression to IDC.
Materials and methods: Synchronous DCIS (n=16) and IDC (n=15) samples from 14 patients were microdissected separately, and DNA samples of tumor and matched normal tissues were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES; n=27) or massively parallel targeted sequencing of all coding regions of ≥410 cancer-related genes (n=4). Somatic genetic alterations and mutational signatures were identified using state-of-the-art bioinformatics algorithms. PyClone was employed to define the clonal architecture of each DCIS and IDC and infer the clonal shifts accompanying progression from DCIS to IDC.
Results: DCIS were found to harbor recurrent somatic mutations affecting PIK3CA (50%), GATA3 (44%), TP53 (38%), CBFB (19%), PTEN (13%), and AKT1 (13%), which are genes known to be significantly mutated in invasive breast cancers. Despite the genomic similarities between matched DCIS and IDCs, NOTCH2 and MYC were found to be amplified solely in the IDC component of two cases, and PPM1D amplification was restricted to the DCIS component of another case. The mutational signature ascribed to aging (i.e. signature 1) was the predominant mutational signature in the DCIS and IDCs analyzed. PyClone analysis revealed that all synchronous DCIS and IDC studied here were clonally related and confirmed the previous observation that DCIS displays intra-lesion genetic heterogeneity. Evidence of clonal selection in the progression from DCIS to IDC was observed in three cases, whereby a minor DCIS subclone likely constituted the substrate for the development of IDC. In one of these cases, from a patient with a BRCA1 germline pathogenic mutation, we observed a shift from the mutational signature associated with defective homologous recombination DNA repair (i.e. signature 3) to the APOBEC-related mutational signatures (i.e. signatures 2 and 13) in the progression from DCIS to IDC.
Conclusion: Intra-lesion genetic heterogeneity is a common feature in DCIS synchronously diagnosed with IDC. Our findings corroborate the notion that DCIS is a direct non-obligate precursor of IDC, and that clonal selection in the progression of DCIS to IDC may be present in a subset of cases, but is unlikely to constitute the most frequent mechanism of progression.
Citation Format: Lee JY, Bi R, Pareja F, Geyer FC, Brown D, Wen HY, Norton L, Hicks J, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. Whole exome sequencing analysis of the progression from ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive ductal carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-02.
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Park S, Roh SH, Lee JY. Body regional heat pain thresholds using the method of limit and level: a comparative study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:771-780. [PMID: 30637457 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-04068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare cutaneous heat pain thresholds using the method of limit and level. METHODS Sixteen young males (23.2 ± 3.2 year, 174.9 ± 4.9 cm, and 70.1 ± 8.6 kg) participated in this study. The thermode temperature increased at a constant rate of 0.1 °C s-1 from 33 °C for the method of limit, whereas the method of level consisted of 3 s heat pulses increasing from 44 °C to 50 °C in 100 s separated by 5 s intervals. All measurements were conducted on 14 body regions (the forehead, neck, chest, abdomen, upper back, upper arm, forearm, waist, hand, palm, thigh, calf, foot, and sole) in 28 °C, 35% relative humidity. RESULTS The results are as follows. Heat pain thresholds were on average 3.2 ± 2.1 °C higher for the method of level than for the method of limit (P < 0.05). Second, the correlation coefficient between values by two methods was 0.819 (P < 0.01). Third, lower body regions (thigh, calf, and sole) had higher heat pain thresholds than upper body regions (chest) by the method of level only (P < 0.05). Fourth, body regional subcutaneous fat thickness showed no relationship with heat pain thresholds except the upper arm. CONCLUSION These results indicated that cutaneous heat pain thresholds vary based on the type of heat stimuli and body regions. The method of limit could be applied for predicting accumulated thermal pain starting from moderate heat, whereas the method of level may be applicable for predicting acute heat pain to flames or high heat.
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Yun MJ, Kim YC, Lim YJ, Choi GH, Ha M, Lee JY, Ham BM. The Differential Flow of Epidural Local Anaesthetic via Needle or Catheter: A Prospective Randomized Double-blind Study. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 32:377-82. [PMID: 15264734 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0403200313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extent of epidural anaesthesia and pattern of spread of contrast medium, using different injection techniques, has not been well documented. Therefore, in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, the extent of anaesthesia and pattern of spread of contrast medium following an epidural bolus injection, via either a Tuohy needle or an epidural catheter, were compared. The study had two parts. In the first, 59 of 79 patients scheduled for a lower extremity operation under epidural anaesthesia were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. Anaesthesia was achieved with an epidural injection of 10 to 15 ml (including a 3 ml test dose) of 0.75% ropivacaine and fentanyl 25 μg via either a Tuohy needle (Group N, n=31) or a catheter (Group C, n=28). The level of sensory anaesthesia was recorded. In the second part, the remaining 20 patients were randomized to initially receive 5 ml of contrast medium via either a Tuohy needle (Group NE, n=10) or a catheter (Group CE, n=10). The extent of spread was recorded radiologically. Unilateral or missed blocks and additional dose requirement were absent in Groups N and C. No differences were found in the extent of sensory anaesthesia or the spread of contrast medium. Twenty per cent of catheter tips lay outside the lateral margins of the vertebral bodies. We found that an epidural bolus injection, via either a Tuohy needle or a catheter, made no difference in regard to spread of local anaesthetic or contrast medium in the epidural space.
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Park J, Shin S, Lee JY. Effects of alternating exposure to cold and heat for 14 days on cold tolerance in winter. J Therm Biol 2019; 79:1-7. [PMID: 30612669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
People are exposed to heat regularly due to their jobs or daily habits in cold winter, but few studies have reported whether parallel heat and cold exposure and diminish cold acclimation. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alternating exposure to cold and heat on cold tolerance in eight young males. A daily acclimation program to cold and heat, which consisted of 2-h sitting at 10 °C air in the morning and 2-h running and rest at 30 °C air in the afternoon, was conducted for 14 consecutive days. Eight male subjects participated in a cold tolerance test (10 °C [ ± 0.3], 40%RH[ ± 3]) before (PRE) and after (POST) completing the alternating exposure program. During the cold tolerance test, subjects remained sitting upright on a chair for 60 min. Rectal temperature (Tre) was lower in POST than in PRE during the 60-min cold tolerance test (P = 0.027). During the cold tolerance test, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures in POST were lower than those in PRE (P = 0.006, P = 0.005, and P = 0.004). No significant differences in skin temperatures between PRE and POST were found for the cold tolerance test. There were no significant differences in energy expenditure during cold exposure between PRE and POST. Subjects felt less cold in POST than in PRE (P = 0.013) whereas there was no significant difference in overall thermal comfort between PRE and POST. These results suggest that cold adaptation can still occur in the presence of heat stress.
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