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Fernández J, Bonastre J, Molina J, Cases F. Electrochemical study on an activated carbon cloth modified by cyclic voltammetry with polypyrrole/anthraquinone sulfonate and reduced graphene oxide as electrode for energy storage. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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De la Torre A, Navarro I, Sanz P, Arjol MA, Fernández J, Martínez MA. HCH air levels derived from Bailín dumpsite dismantling (Sabiñánigo, Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:1367-1372. [PMID: 29898543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Remediation and management of dumpsites is a worldwide problem that must be addressed to protect human health and the environment. Aragon Government long-term objective is the control of air quality related to landfills used to dump organochlorine waste. The present study evaluated the influence of dismantling works performed in Bailín landfill, an hexachlorocyclohexane (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaclorohexane; HCH) dumpsite located in the city of Sabiñánigo, Spain. A total of 65,000 t of HCH solid waste and 342,000 t of polluted soil were transferred to a new cell with additional isolating measures going beyond the Spanish legal requirements. To evaluate influence of excavation of the old cell, transfer of waste and the state once the works in Bailín area had finished, levels of α-, β-, γ-, δ- and ɛ- HCH isomers were analyzed in 112 air samples obtained from summer 2014 to autumn 2016 by using passive air samplers. Results showed that: i) the existence of the old landfill and/or the works performed during its dismantling were a source of HCH air contamination, ii) old landfill represented an HCH source even after dismantling work was completed, iii) other sources, tentatively associated to Sardas dumpsite and HCH production site (INQUINOSA Factory) were identified in the surroundings, where management should be addressed. Data comparison reflected a heavier contamination caused by the production, storage, and waste disposal than the corresponding to application of lindane and/or technical HCH in Spain. Meteorological dependence (temperature, solar radiation and relative humidity), α-/γ-HCH ratios and isomer profiles of HCH air concentrations were evaluated for temporal trends and geographic distribution.
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Azkargorta J, Iparraguirre I, Fernández J, Balda R, García-Revilla S, Barredo-Zurriarrain M. Random laser properties of Nd 3+ crystal powders. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:11787-11803. [PMID: 29716097 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.011787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an overview of near infrared random lasing emitters based on a variety of neodymium (Nd3+)-doped crystal powders with different Nd3+ concentrations and different grain sizes. The pump-configuration used allows for an absolute measurement of both pumping and emitted energies. The results provide an absolute measure of the random laser efficiency and prove a relation of direct proportionality between the absorbance of the material and the laser slope efficiency. Likewise, they suggest a relationship close to an inverse proportionality between the absorbance and the threshold energy per unit area. The temporal behavior of the random laser emission shows noteworthy differences between local and spatially integrated registers.
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Bueno JM, Calderon F, Chicharro J, De la Rosa JC, Díaz B, Fernández J, Fiandor JM, Fraile MT, García M, Herreros E, García-Pérez A, Lorenzo M, Mallo A, Puente M, Saadeddin A, Ferrer S, Angulo-Barturen I, Burrows JN, León ML. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of the Novel Antimalarials 5-Pyridinyl-4(1 H)-Pyridones. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3422-3435. [PMID: 29589932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is still one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in the world, with half of the world's population at risk for malaria. The effectiveness of current antimalarial therapies, even that of the most recent class of antimalarial drugs (artemisinin-combination therapies, ACTs), is under continuous threat by the spread of resistant Plasmodium strains. As a consequence, there is still an urgent requirement for new antimalarial drugs. We previously reported the identification of 4(1 H)-pyridones as a novel series with potent antimalarial activities. The low solubility was identified as an issue to address. In this paper, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of 4(1 H)-pyridones with potent antimalarial activities in vitro and in vivo and improved pharmacokinetic profiles. Their main structural novelties are the presence of polar moieties, such as hydroxyl groups, and the replacement of the lipophilic phenyl rings with pyridines on their lipophilic side chains.
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Bonet M, Arenas M, Farré N, García V, Algara M, Farrús B, Fernández J, Reyes V, Eraso A, Alvarez A, Cambra M, Pedro A, Vayreda J, Montero A, Poortmans P. EP-1297: RT for bone-only oligometastases in breast cancer patients: a survey of current clinical practice. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Carrasco-Anabalón S, Vera-Leiva A, Quezada-Aguiluz M, Morales-Rivera MF, Lima CA, Fernández J, Ulloa S, Domínguez M, González-Rocha G, Bello-Toledo H. Genetic Platforms of blaCTX-M in Carbapenemase-Producing Strains of K. pneumoniae Isolated in Chile. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:324. [PMID: 29593660 PMCID: PMC5857710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To elucidate whether the genetic platforms of blaCTX-M contribute to the phenotypes of multi-drug-resistance (MDR) in the first carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains isolated in Chile. Method: Twenty-two carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains isolated from different Chilean patients and hospitals were studied. Their genetic relatedness was assessed by PFGE and MLST. The levels of antibiotic resistance were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of various antimicrobials. In addition, several antibiotic resistance genes of clinical relevance in Chile were investigated. The prevalence, allelic variants, and genetic platforms of blaCTX-M were determined by PCR and sequencing. Results: Out of the 22 strains studied, 20 carry KPC, one carries NDM-1, and one carries OXA-370. The PFGE analysis showed three clades with a genetic relatedness >85%, two formed by four strains and one by eight strains. The other strains are not genetically related, and a total of 17 different pulse types were detected. Ten different STs were identified, the main ones being ST258 (five strains) and ST1161 (seven strains). The isolates presented different percentages of resistance, and 82% were resistant to all the β-lactams tested, 91% to ciprofloxacin, 73% to colistin, 59% to gentamicin, 50% to amikacin, and only 9% to tigecycline. All isolates carried blaTEM and blaSHV, whereas 71% carried aac(6′)Ib-cr, and 57% one qnr gene (A, B, C, D, or S). The blaCTX-M gene was found in 10 of the isolates (4 blaCTX-M−15 and 6 blaCTX-M−2). The characterization of the platform, in seven selected strains, revealed that the gene is associated with unusual class 1 integrons and insertion sequences such as ISCR1, ISECp1, and IS26. Conclusion: In the first carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains isolated in Chile the genetic platform of blaCTX-M−2 corresponds to an unusual class 1 integron that can be responsible for the MDR phenotype, whereas the genetic platforms of blaCTX-M−15 are associated with different IS and do not contribute to multi-drug resistance.
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Fernández J, Chicharro J, Bueno JM, Lorenzo M. Isoxazole mediated synthesis of 4-(1H)pyridones: improved preparation of antimalarial candidate GSK932121. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:10190-2. [PMID: 27469938 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05277k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new synthesis of the antimalarial clinical candidate GSK932121 is described. This approach has two key reactions, the selective acylation of an unprotected 3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl isoxazole and the reductive N-O bond cleavage of the previously functionalized isoxazole derivative, to give the 4-(1H)pyridone ring present in the final structure. The complete synthesis consists of 5 steps (versus 10 steps in previously published reports) and has enabled the preparation of the material in kilogram scale to support clinical studies.
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Cabral AA, Balda R, Fernández J, Gorni G, Velázquez JJ, Pascual L, Durán A, Pascual MJ. Phase evolution of KLaF4 nanocrystals and their effects on the photoluminescence of Nd3+ doped transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramics. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantity of cubic (α-phase) and hexagonal (β-phase) KLaF4 nanocrystals (NCs) tailored by doping.
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López ER, Fandiño O, Cabaleiro D, Lugo L, Fernández J. Determination of derived volumetric properties and heat capacities at high pressures using two density scaling based equations of state. Application to dipentaerythritol hexa(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3531-3542. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Scaling based EoSs describe the complex behavior of derived properties for broad temperature and pressure ranges from diPEiC9 experimental densities.
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Orbe J, Fernández J, Páramo JA. Fibrinolysis/Proteolysis Balance in Stable Angina Pectoris in Relation to Angiographic Findings. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1616098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe plasma fibrinolytic/proteolytic balance was assessed in 60 stable angina patients who underwent control coronary catheterization and the results were correlated with angiographic findings and control samples (n = 20). The concentrations of t-PA, PAI-1, collagenase (MMP-1), tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP-1), plasmin-antiplasmin (PAP) complexes and α2-macroglobulin (α2-M) were measured in plasma samples. The results showed a significant increase of PAP (p <0.001) and a reduction of α2-M (p <0.001) in the group of patients when compared to controls, indicating a degree of fibrinolysis/proteolysis activation. There was no correlation between the different parameters analyzed and the extent of angiographically proven atherosclerosis (one or more stenotic vessels), while the t-PA levels were significantly elevated (p <0.03) in patients with coronary stenosis ≥75% or occlusion. We conclude that there is a disturbance of the plasma fibrinolysis/ proteolysis in patients with stable angina not related to the extent of atherosclerosis. The t-PA levels may be a good marker for coronary occlusion in these patients.
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Leal-Negredo A, Castelló-Abieta C, Leiva PS, Fernández J. [Urinary tract infection by Lelliottia amnigena (Enterobacter amnigenus): an uncommon pathogen]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2017; 30:483-484. [PMID: 29199415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Perez-Valle A, Garate J, Fernandez R, Lage S, Astigarraga E, Barreda-Gomez G, Fernández J, Asumendi A, Ochoa B, Boyano M. 569 Lipidomic Biomarkers for Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fernández J, Auzmendi O, Amestoy H, Diez-Torre A, Sarasua JR. Mechanical properties and fatigue analysis on poly(ε-caprolactone)-polydopamine-coated nanofibers and poly(ε-caprolactone)-carbon nanotube composite scaffolds. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Del Río AI, García C, Molina J, Fernández J, Bonastre J, Cases F. On the behavior of reduced graphene oxide based electrodes coated with dispersed platinum by alternate current methods in the electrochemical degradation of reactive dyes. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:242-251. [PMID: 28550781 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of different carbon-based electrodes with and without nanoparticles of platinum electrochemically dispersed on their surface has been studied. Among others, reduced graphene oxide based electrodes was used to determine the best conditions for the decolorization/degradation of the reactive dye C.I. Reactive Orange 4 in sulfuric medium. Firstly, the electrochemical behavior was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. Secondly, different electrolyses were performed using two cell configurations: cell with anodic and cathodic compartments separated (divided configuration) and without any separation (undivided configuration). The best results were obtained when reduced graphene oxide based anodes were used. The degree of decolorization was monitored by spectroscopic methods and high performance liquid chromatography. It was found that all of them followed pseudo-first order kinetics. When reduced graphene oxide-based electrodes coated with dispersed platinum by alternate current methods electrodes were used, the lowest energy consumption and the higher decolorization kinetics rate were obtained. Scanning Electronic Microscopy was used to observe the morphological surface differences.
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Palacios N, Saura E, Fernández J, Elvira G, Diaz E. MON-P299: Vitamin D Levels and Deficiency Risks Analysis in Spanish Top Athletes. Clin Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(17)30790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Berton MP, Silva RMDO, Peripolli E, Stafuzza NB, Fernández J, Saura M, Villanueva B, Toro MA, Banchero G, Oliveira PS, Eler JP, Baldi F, Ferraz JBS. 216 Genomic regions and pathways associated with resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in tropical sheep breed. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Santamarta D, González-Martínez E, Fernández J, Mostaza A. The Prediction of Shunt Response in Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Based on Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Lumbar Infusion. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2017; 122:267-74. [PMID: 27165919 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22533-3_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and infusion studies have long been used in the preoperative workup of patients with suspected idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). We have analysed the predictive values of different measures derived from both investigations, emphasising the differences between responders and nonresponders. MATERIALS AND METHODS ICP monitoring and lumbar infusion studies were routinely performed during a 6-year period. Shunting was proposed when the resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow (ROUT) >12 mmHg/ml/min and/or a minimum 15 % of slow waves were detected. The outcome was evaluated 6 months after surgery. Recorded data from ICP monitoring were mean pressure and pulse amplitude, the total percentage of slow waves and the presence of different types of slow waves following the classification proposed by Raftopoulos et al. Recorded data from lumbar infusion studies were mean values of pressure and pulse amplitude during three epochs (basal, early infusion and plateau), ROUT and the pulsatility response to the increase in mean pressure during the infusion. This response was quantified by two pulse amplitude indexes: the pulse amplitude index during the early infusion stage (A1) and the pulse amplitude index during the plateau stage (A2). RESULTS Thirty shunted patients were evaluated at the end of the follow-up and 23 (76.7 %) of them improved. Differences in the percentage of slow waves, ROUT and both pulsatility indexes were not statistically significant. The proportion of patients with great symmetrical waves and pulse amplitude during the early infusion stage were higher in responders (p < 0.05). The predictive analysis yielded the highest accuracy, with ROUT and A1 as a logical "OR" combination. CONCLUSION The combined use of ICP monitoring and lumbar infusion to forecast the response to shunting in patients with suspected iNPH did not improve the accuracy provided by any of them alone.
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Sangroniz A, Chaos A, Garcia YM, Fernández J, Iriarte M, Etxeberria A. Improving the barrier character of polylactide/phenoxy immiscible blend using poly(lactide-co
-ɛ-caprolactone) block copolymer as a compatibilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Fernández J, Bonastre J, Molina J, del Río A, Cases F. Study on the specific capacitance of an activated carbon cloth modified with reduced graphene oxide and polyaniline by cyclic voltammetry. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fernández-Verdugo A, Fernández J, Escudero D, Cofiño L, Forcelledo L, Telenti M, García-Prieto E, Rodríguez-García R, Álvarez-García L, Pérez-García A, Rodríguez-Lucas C, Vazquez F. [Epidemiological surveillance for multidrug-resistant microorganisms in a general ICU]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2017; 30:201-206. [PMID: 28422471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms represent a threat for patients admitted in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The objective of the present study is to analyse the results of epidemiological surveillance cultures for these microorganisms in one of these units. METHODS General ICU. Retrospective analysis, descriptive statistics. Analysis of epidemiological surveillance cultures for MDR microorganisms in 2015. Studied microorganisms: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ESBL-and/or carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CESBL-KP) and MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB). RESULTS One thousand, two hundred and fifty nine patients admitted. A total of 2,234 specimens from 384 patients were analysed (690, 634, 62 and 286 were rectal, throat, nasal and skin swabs respectively). Global APACHE II was 18.3 ± 8 versus 21.7 ± 7.8 in patients colonized/infected on admission. Global mortality was 19.7% versus 22.3% in patients colonized/infected on admission. The higher sensitivities achieved with the different samples for the different microorganism detection were as follows. MRSA: 79% and 90% for nasal and nasal + throat swabs, respectively. MDRAB: 80% and 95% for throat and throat + rectal swabs, respectively. CESBL-KP: 95% and 98% for rectal and rectal + throat swabs, respectively. 94 out of the 384 patients (24.4%) were colonized/infected with MDR at admission. 134 patients (10.6% of the total patients admitted) were colonized/infected with a total of 169 MMR during the hospital stay. MRSA has the earliest colonization/infection (9.2 ± 6.4days) and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, the latest (18.7± 16.4 days). CONCLUSIONS 24.4% of patients were colonized/infected by MDR at admission. Nasal, throat and rectal swabs were the most effective specimens for recovering MRSA, MDRAB and CESBL-KP, respectively. The combination of two specimens improves MDR detection except for CESBL-KP. Skin swabs are worthless. The most prevalent MDR at admission were ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae while the most frequent hospital acquired MDR was MDRAB..
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Lapuerta Irigoyen JA, Canizares FJ, Gonzalez MM, Valverde I, Fernández J. P976Clinical safety and efficacy of a new MRI-conditional pacing lead: Tendril MRI. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/eux151.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fernández J. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (XX). GRAELLSIA 2017. [DOI: 10.3989/graellsia.2017.v73.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Esta actual relación de nuevos táxones incluye 501 registros (378 especies, 55 géneros o subgéneros, 43 categorías supragenéricas y 25 subespecies), publicados en 251 trabajos, principalmente en 2015 y 2016. Se incluyen también aquellos registros publicados con anterioridad y que no habían sido recogidos en las recopilaciones anteriores. Todos ellos proceden del área geográfica objeto de la revisión y de fondos abisales próximos, o su distribución conocida la incluye o engloban categorías presentes en esa zona.
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Fernández J, Cunningham SA, Fernández-Verdugo A, Viña-Soria L, Martín L, Rodicio MR, Escudero D, Vazquez F, Mandrekar JN, Patel R. Evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for rectal screening of OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a general intensive care unit of an endemic hospital. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 88:252-258. [PMID: 28442306 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae are increasing worldwide. Rectal screening for these bacteria can inform the management of infected and colonized patients, especially those admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). A laboratory developed, qualitative duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of OXA-48-like and VIM producing Enterobacteriaceae, performed on rectal swabs, was designed and evaluated in an intensive care unit with endemic presence of OXA-48. During analytical assay validation, no cross-reactivity was observed and 100% sensitivity and specificity were obtained for both blaOXA-48-like and blaVIM in all spiked clinical samples. During the clinical part of the study, the global sensitivity and specificity of the real-time PCR assay for OXA-48 detection were 95.7% and 100% (P=0.1250), respectively, in comparison with culture; no VIM-producing Enterobacteriaceae were detected. Clinical features of patients in the ICU who were colonized or infected with OXA-48 producing Enterobacteriaceae, including outcome, were analyzed. Most had severe underlying conditions, and had risk factors for colonization with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae before or during ICU admission, such as receiving previous antimicrobial therapy, prior healthcare exposure (including long-term care), chronic disease, immunosuppression and/or the presence of an intravascular catheter and/or mechanical ventilation device. The described real-time PCR assay is fast (~2-3hours, if DNA extraction is included), simple to perform and results are easy to interpret, features which make it applicable in the routine of clinical microbiology laboratories. Implementation in endemic hospitals could contribute to early detection of patients colonized by OXA-48 producing Enterobacteriaceae and prevention of their spread.
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Baker KS, Campos J, Pichel M, Della Gaspera A, Duarte-Martínez F, Campos-Chacón E, Bolaños-Acuña HM, Guzmán-Verri C, Mather AE, Diaz Velasco S, Zamudio Rojas ML, Forbester JL, Connor TR, Keddy KH, Smith AM, López de Delgado EA, Angiolillo G, Cuaical N, Fernández J, Aguayo C, Morales Aguilar M, Valenzuela C, Morales Medrano AJ, Sirok A, Weiler Gustafson N, Diaz Guevara PL, Montaño LA, Perez E, Thomson NR. Whole genome sequencing of Shigella sonnei through PulseNet Latin America and Caribbean: advancing global surveillance of foodborne illnesses. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:845-853. [PMID: 28389276 PMCID: PMC5667938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Shigella sonnei is a globally important diarrhoeal pathogen tracked through the surveillance network PulseNet Latin America and Caribbean (PNLA&C), which participates in PulseNet International. PNLA&C laboratories use common molecular techniques to track pathogens causing foodborne illness. We aimed to demonstrate the possibility and advantages of transitioning to whole genome sequencing (WGS) for surveillance within existing networks across a continent where S. sonnei is endemic. Methods We applied WGS to representative archive isolates of S. sonnei (n = 323) from laboratories in nine PNLA&C countries to generate a regional phylogenomic reference for S. sonnei and put this in the global context. We used this reference to contextualise 16 S. sonnei from three Argentinian outbreaks, using locally generated sequence data. Assembled genome sequences were used to predict antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and identify AMR determinants. Results S. sonnei isolates clustered in five Latin American sublineages in the global phylogeny, with many (46%, 149 of 323) belonging to previously undescribed sublineages. Predicted multidrug resistance was common (77%, 249 of 323), and clinically relevant differences in AMR were found among sublineages. The regional overview showed that Argentinian outbreak isolates belonged to distinct sublineages and had different epidemiologic origins. Conclusions Latin America contains novel genetic diversity of S. sonnei that is relevant on a global scale and commonly exhibits multidrug resistance. Retrospective passive surveillance with WGS has utility for informing treatment, identifying regionally epidemic sublineages and providing a framework for interpretation of prospective, locally sequenced outbreaks.
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Gorni G, Balda R, Fernández J, Iparraguirre I, Velázquez JJ, Castro Y, Pascual L, Chen G, Sundararajan M, Pascual MJ, Durán A. Oxyfluoride glass–ceramic fibers doped with Nd3+: structural and optical characterization. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective excitation in an oxyfluoride glass–ceramic optical fiber containing LaF3 nanocrystals doped with Nd3+.
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