76
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Palmer K, Realff M. Optimization and Validation of Steady-State Flowsheet Simulation Metamodels. Chem Eng Res Des 2002. [DOI: 10.1205/026387602320776849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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77
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Palmer K, Sharan N, Emtage P, Gauldie J, Muller WJ, Wan Y. Intratumoral administration of an adenovirus expressing a kinase dead form of ErbB-2 inhibits tumor growth. Gene Ther 2002; 9:898-905. [PMID: 12080384 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2001] [Accepted: 02/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ErbB-2 is amplified or overexpressed in a number of different cancers including breast, ovarian, lung, prostate and stomach. This overexpression leads to enhanced receptor dimer formation and stabilization allowing the receptor to remain in an active state. The clinical consequences of ErbB-2 overexpression include increased tumor aggressiveness, poor prognosis, decreased patient survival and resistance to chemotherapy. As a result, a variety of different strategies are being examined to inhibit its function or expression. In this study, we explored the efficacy of a type 5 recombinant adenovirus encoding a kinase dead form of ErbB-2, AderbB-2 Delta tk, as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer using a murine breast model expressing constitutively active ErbB-2. Co-expression in tumor cells of the kinase dead form of ErbB-2 inhibits receptor activity and induces the death of cells expressing constitutively active ErbB-2. In addition, AderbB-2 Delta tk exhibits antitumor activity in both immune-competent and immune-deficient animals with increased antitumor activity in the immune-competent animals. The results suggest both immune and non-immune mechanisms contribute to the antitumor efficacy of this vector.
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79
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Urbani C, Palmer K. Drug-based helminth control in Western Pacific countries: a general perspective. Trop Med Int Health 2001; 6:935-44. [PMID: 11703849 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Helminthiases still have a relevant detrimental role in the health of large groups of human population. Where poor hygiene and lack of access to education, health services and essential care characterize living conditions, parasitic infections dramatically affect essential aspects of individual life, such as nutrition, cognitive performance, susceptibility to infections and micronutrient deficiency. Severe illness is associated with schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis and food-borne trematode infections. Drugs are the cornerstone of control strategies for such infections, the World Health Organization (WHO) list of essential drugs contains several highly efficacious anthelmintics which are all safe, single-dose and cheap. If given regularly to infected communities, these drugs effectively control the morbidity related to the major endemic helminth infections. New strategies for mass drug administration to human populations have been tested, and several endemic Western Pacific countries have achieved excellent results in reducing morbidity in spite of continuous transmission. In this region, experience over the last decades proves the feasibility of helminth control, but also shows the need for long-term commitment and continuous support.
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80
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Burtraw D, Palmer K, Bharvirkar R, Paul A. Cost-effective reduction of NOx emissions from electricity generation. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2001; 51:1476-1489. [PMID: 11686253 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2001.10464366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the benefits and costs of policies to reduce NOx emissions from electricity generation in the United States. Because emissions of NO contribute to the high concentration of atmospheric ozone in the eastern states associated with health hazards, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has called on eastern states to formulate state implementation plans (SIPs) for reducing NOx emissions. Our analysis considers three NOx reduction scenarios: a summer seasonal cap in the eastern states covered by EPA's NOx SIP Call, an annual cap in the same SIP Call region, and a national annual cap. All scenarios allow for emissions trading. Although EPA's current policy is to implement a seasonal cap in the SIP Call region, this analysis indicates that an annual cap in the SIP Call region would yield about $400 million more in net benefits (benefits less costs) than would a seasonal policy, based on particulate-related health effects only. An annual cap in the SIP Call region is also the policy that is most likely to achieve benefits in excess of costs. Consideration of omissions from this accounting, including the potential benefits from reductions in ozone concentrations, strengthens the finding that an annual program offers greater net benefits than does a seasonal program.
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81
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Palmer K. Family rounds. MINNESOTA MEDICINE 2001; 84:8-12. [PMID: 11702449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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82
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Gyorffy S, Palmer K, Gauldie J. Adenoviral vector expressing murine angiostatin inhibits a model of breast cancer metastatic growth in the lungs of mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 159:1137-47. [PMID: 11549607 PMCID: PMC1850460 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Angiostatin, an internal fragment of plasminogen, has been shown to inhibit the process of angiogenesis or neovascularization. In this study, we have expressed the cDNA for murine angiostatin under the control of the human cytomegalovirus promoter from a human type-5 adenovirus and shown that this vector produces a protein which retains biological activity. Angiostatin expression was determined by Northern blot analysis and Western immunoblotting. Ad-angiostatin, but not a control vector Ad-dl70, significantly reduced the viability of infected human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. In an in vivo model of basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis, Ad-angiostatin (1 x 10(9) pfu) could inhibit endothelial cell migration and the formation of capillaries within a Matrigel plug which had been implanted for one week subcutaneously into C57BL/6 mice. Endothelial cells in these plugs had an altered, rounded, phenotype with dark picnotic nuclei indicative of apoptosis, which was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. In contrast, endothelial cells from bFGF alone or in combination with the control vector-treated plugs retained the long spindle shape characteristic of endothelial cells. Intranasal delivery of Ad-angiostatin into the lungs of FVB/n mice demonstrated comparable cellular infiltration in the recovered bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with no signs of abnormal pathology as compared to PBS or control vector-treated animals. In a pulmonary metastatic breast cancer model, the delivery of Ad-angiostatin (1 x 10(9) pfu) to the lung significantly delayed tumor growth as measured by the number of visible surface tumor nodules. This study has demonstrated that the specific targeting of tumors to inhibit angiogenesis using an adenovirus expressing angiostatin, may deliver localized concentrations of protein having a greater impact on inhibition of tumor growth.
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83
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Gyorffy S, Palmer K, Podor TJ, Hitt M, Gauldie J. Combined treatment of a murine breast cancer model with type 5 adenovirus vectors expressing murine angiostatin and IL-12: a role for combined anti-angiogenesis and immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:6212-7. [PMID: 11342643 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.10.6212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used intratumor delivery of adenoviral vectors to induce a selective anti-tumor response by combining the potent angiogenesis inhibitor murine angiostatin (adenovirus (Ad)-angiostatin) with the powerful immune simulator and angiostatic cytokine murine IL-12 (Ad-IL-12). In a murine model of breast carcinoma, intratumor injection of Ad-angiostatin delayed mean tumor growth, as compared with control virus with an initial regression of tumor growth, in 65% of treated animals. However, all treated animals eventually succumbed to the tumors. Mice injected with Ad-IL-12 alone responded with an initial regression in 20% of treated animals, with only 13% developing a total regression. Coinjection of the vectors resulted in 96% of the treated animals developing an initial regression, with 54% undergoing a total regression of the tumor. These mice were resistant to tumor rechallenge and developed a strong CTL response. Frozen tumor sections were stained for microvessel density using an Ab against murine CD31, an endothelial cell marker. Automated image analysis revealed the mean microvessel density following the administration of Ad-angiostatin and Ad-IL-12 alone or in combination was significantly reduced compared with the control-treated tumor. In summary, we have shown that a short-term course of antiangiogenic therapy combined with immunotherapy can effectively shrink a solid tumor and vaccinate the animal against rechallenge. The rationale for this therapy is to limit the tumor size by attacking the vasculature with angiostatin, thereby allowing IL-12 to mount a T cell-specific response against the tumor AG:
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/blood supply
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/therapy
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Angiostatins
- Animals
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Female
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Immune Sera/analysis
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunotherapy, Active/methods
- Injections, Intralesional
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Interleukin-12/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-12/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemistry
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/biosynthesis
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Plasminogen/administration & dosage
- Plasminogen/biosynthesis
- Plasminogen/genetics
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/immunology
- Staining and Labeling
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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84
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Palmer K. Meeting of the minds. MINNESOTA MEDICINE 2001; 84:20-4. [PMID: 11398630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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85
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Shand A, Dallal H, Palmer K, Ghosh S, MacIntyre M. Adenocarcinoma arising in columnar lined oesophagus following treatment with argon plasma coagulation. Gut 2001; 48:580-1. [PMID: 11288739 PMCID: PMC1728229 DOI: 10.1136/gut.48.4.580b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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86
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Zhang FL, Luo L, Gustafson E, Lachowicz J, Smith M, Qiao X, Liu YH, Chen G, Pramanik B, Laz TM, Palmer K, Bayne M, Monsma FJ. ADP is the cognate ligand for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor SP1999. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:8608-15. [PMID: 11104774 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m009718200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
P2Y receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors activated primarily by ATP, UTP, and UDP. Five mammalian P2Y receptors have been cloned so far including P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y11. P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y6 couple to the activation of phospholipase C, whereas P2Y4 and P2Y11 couple to the activation of both phospholipase C and the adenylyl cyclase pathways. Additional ADP receptors linked to Galpha(i) have been described but have not yet been cloned. SP1999 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, which is highly expressed in brain, spinal cord, and blood platelets. In the present study, we demonstrate that SP1999 is a Galpha(i)-coupled receptor that is potently activated by ADP. In an effort to identify ligands for SP1999, fractionated rat spinal cord extracts were assayed for Ca(2+) mobilization activity against Chinese hamster ovary cells transiently transfected with SP1999 and chimeric Galpha subunits (Galpha(q/i)). A substance that selectively activated SP1999-transfected cells was identified and purified through a series of chromatographic steps. Mass spectral analysis of the purified material definitively identified it as ADP. ADP was subsequently shown to inhibit forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity through selective activation of SP1999 with an EC(50) of 60 nM. Other nucleotides were able to activate SP1999 with a rank order of potency 2-MeS-ATP = 2-MeS-ADP > ADP = adenosine 5'-O-2-(thio)diphosphate > 2-Cl-ATP > adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate). Thus, SP1999 is a novel, Galpha(i)-linked receptor for ADP.
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87
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Wiley R, Palmer K, Gajewska B, Stämpfli M, Alvarez D, Coyle A, Gutierrez-Ramos J, Jordana M. Expression of the Th1 chemokine IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 in the airway alters mucosal allergic sensitization in mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:2750-9. [PMID: 11160341 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the preliminary characterization of chemokines and their receptors has been prolific, comparatively little is known about the role of chemokines in the evolution of immune responses. We speculate that the preferential recruitment of a particular immune cell population has implications for the short- and long-term features of an adaptive response. To test this hypothesis, we employed adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to express the Th1-affiliated, CXC chemokine IFN-gamma-inducible protein (IP) 10 in the airways of mice undergoing a mucosal sensitization regimen known to result in a Th2-polarized allergic response. This resulted in a approximately 60-75% inhibition of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); these inflammatory changes were accompanied by enhanced IFN-gamma, ablated IL-4, and, peculiarly, unaltered IL-5 and eotaxin levels in the BAL. The effect of IP-10 expression was shown to be dependent on IFN-gamma, as there was no statistically significant reduction in BAL eosinophilia in IFN-gamma knockout mice subjected to the IP-10 intervention. Flow cytometric analysis of mononuclear cells in the lung revealed a approximately 60% reduction in the fraction of CD4(+) cells expressing T1/ST2, a putative Th2 marker, and a parallel increase in the proportion expressing intracellular IFN-gamma following IP-10 treatment. The effect of IP-10 expression at the time of initial Ag encounter is persistent, as mice rechallenged with OVA following the resolution of acute inflammation exhibited reduced eosinophilia and IL-4 in the BAL. Collectively, these data illustrate that local expression of the chemokine IP-10 can introduce Th1 phenomena to a Th2-predisposed context and subvert the development of a Th2 response.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Administration, Intranasal
- Allergens/administration & dosage
- Allergens/immunology
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokines/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Pulmonary Eosinophilia/immunology
- Pulmonary Eosinophilia/prevention & control
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
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88
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Gorelick MH, Lee C, Cronan K, Kost S, Palmer K. Pediatric emergency assessment tool (PEAT): a risk-adjustment measure for pediatric emergency patients. Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8:156-62. [PMID: 11157292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a multivariable model predicting the level of care required by pediatric patients for use as a risk-adjustment tool in the evaluation of emergency medical services for children. METHODS A random 10% sample of records of all visits over a 12-month period to a suburban, university-affiliated pediatric emergency department (PED) was selected and abstracted. The outcome variable, level of care received, was categorized in three levels: routine care only (R); diagnostic or therapeutic procedures performed in the ED but patient not admitted (EDT); and admission to hospital (ADM). Predictor variables included information routinely elicited and recorded at the time of triage. Using multinomial logistic regression, a predictive model was derived from a subset of 70% of the selected visits, and was validated in the remaining 30%. RESULTS The total sample included 2,287 visits. The overall rate of each outcome was R-37%, EDT-53%, and ADM-10%. The final regression model included the following predictors significantly associated with the outcome: age, past medical history, temperature, abnormal respiratory rate or pulse oximetry in triage, chief complaint, and triage level (model likelihood ratio chi-square, 14 df = 332, p < 0.00001, R(2) = 0.14). The number of outcomes was well predicted by the model in both subsamples. Analysis of variance showed a significant association between Pediatric Emergency Assessment Tool (PEAT) score (weighted sum of the predicted probabilities of EDT and ADM) and both ED charges and time spent in the ED (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A model based on easily and routinely measured variables can accurately predict the level of care rendered in the PED. The predicted probabilities from such a model correlate well with other outcomes of care and may be useful in adjusting for differences in risk when evaluating quality of care.
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89
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Palmer K, Hitt M, Emtage PC, Gyorffy S, Gauldie J. Combined CXC chemokine and interleukin-12 gene transfer enhances antitumor immunity. Gene Ther 2001; 8:282-90. [PMID: 11313802 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2000] [Accepted: 11/05/2000] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that intratumor administration of an adenovirus vector expressing IL-12 produces a potent T cell-mediated response that leads to significant tumor regression in a murine breast cancer model. IP-10 and MIG are CXC chemokines that recruit mononuclear cells in vivo. In addition to their chemotactic roles, IP-10 and MIG inhibit angiogenesis. We tested whether the addition of IP-10 or MIG may both enhance the antitumor immune response of IL-12 through T cell recruitment and inhibit tumor growth through angiostasis. Adenovirus vectors expressing IP-10 or MIG and/or IL-12 were administered intratumorally in a murine model of mammary adenocarcinoma and fibrosarcoma. Administration of IP-10 or MIG in combination with IL-12 resulted in considerable tumor regression and increased survival time of tumor-bearing animals as compared with IP-10, MIG, IL-12 alone or control-treated animals, with the IP-10 IL-12 combination being most effective. These results suggest augmenting the antitumor immune response and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis with adenoviral vectors expressing IP-10 in combination with IL-12 is a novel way to enhance tumor regression.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Collagen
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Drug Combinations
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Injections, Intralesional
- Interferon-gamma/analysis
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-4/analysis
- Laminin
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Proteoglycans
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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90
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Abstract
TELETECHNET represents a major commitment on the part of the university. The university's strategic plan and resource allocations indicate that this educational strategy is a growing enterprise. Although challenges exist in implementing a nursing education program by television, the TELETECHNET program provides opportunities for the place-bound student to achieve advanced education.
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91
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Bryan EJ, Thomas NA, Palmer K, Dawson E, Englefield P, Campbell IG. Refinement of an ovarian cancer tumour suppressor gene locus on chromosome arm 22q and mutation analysis of CYP2D6, SREBP2 and NAGA. Int J Cancer 2000; 87:798-802. [PMID: 10956388 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000915)87:6<798::aid-ijc6>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 22q was detected in 53% of 123 ovarian carcinomas, suggesting the presence of at least one tumour suppressor gene. We have refined the location of one possible tumour suppressor gene to the region between the microsatellite markers D22S299 and CYP2D. Located within this region are the genes SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element binding protein 2) and NAGA (N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminidase). Investigation of the coding exons of these genes by single stranded conformational polymorphism/heteroduplex analysis failed to identify any somatic genetic alterations in 57 ovarian tumours which exhibited LOH on 22q13. The CYP2D gene locus straddles the distal boundary of the candidate region. Germline variants of the active CYP2D6 gene with differing abilities to metabolise specific substrates have been implicated in the development of various cancers. Comparison of the frequency of the two common germline mutations among 258 ovarian tumours and 231 non-cancer controls did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups. This suggests that the known polymorphic variants of CYP2D6 are not involved in ovarian cancer predisposition. We also conclude that neither NAGA nor SREBP2 are likely to be mutated in ovarian carcinomas.
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92
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Bryan EJ, Thomas NA, Palmer K, Dawson E, Englefield P, Campbell IG. Refinement of an ovarian cancer tumour suppressor gene locus on chromosome arm 22q and mutation analysis of CYP2D6, SREBP2 and NAGA. Int J Cancer 2000. [PMID: 10956388 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000915)87:6<798::aid-ijc6>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 22q was detected in 53% of 123 ovarian carcinomas, suggesting the presence of at least one tumour suppressor gene. We have refined the location of one possible tumour suppressor gene to the region between the microsatellite markers D22S299 and CYP2D. Located within this region are the genes SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element binding protein 2) and NAGA (N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminidase). Investigation of the coding exons of these genes by single stranded conformational polymorphism/heteroduplex analysis failed to identify any somatic genetic alterations in 57 ovarian tumours which exhibited LOH on 22q13. The CYP2D gene locus straddles the distal boundary of the candidate region. Germline variants of the active CYP2D6 gene with differing abilities to metabolise specific substrates have been implicated in the development of various cancers. Comparison of the frequency of the two common germline mutations among 258 ovarian tumours and 231 non-cancer controls did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups. This suggests that the known polymorphic variants of CYP2D6 are not involved in ovarian cancer predisposition. We also conclude that neither NAGA nor SREBP2 are likely to be mutated in ovarian carcinomas.
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93
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Palmer K. ASGT - Third Meeting. Recent advances in clinical gene therapy. IDRUGS : THE INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS JOURNAL 2000; 3:1016-7. [PMID: 16049856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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94
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Pratt GC, Palmer K, Wu CY, Oliaei F, Hollerbach C, Fenske MJ. An assessment of air toxics in Minnesota. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2000; 108:815-25. [PMID: 11017885 PMCID: PMC2556921 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.00108815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We used monitoring and modeling to assess the concentrations of air toxics in the state of Minnesota. Model-predicted concentrations for 148 hazardous air pollutants were from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cumulative Exposure Project (1990 data). Monitoring data consisted of samples of volatile organic compounds, carbonyls, and particulate matter [Less than and equal to] 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter collected at 25 sites throughout the state for varying periods of time (up to 8 years; 1991-1998). Ten pollutants exceeded health benchmark values at one or more sites by modeling, monitoring, or both (including acrolein, arsenic, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, carbon tetrachloride, chromium, chloroform, ethylene dibromide, formaldehyde, and nickel). Polycyclic organic matter also exceeded the benzo[a]pyrene health benchmark value assumed to represent this class of pollutants. The highest modeled and monitored concentrations of most pollutants were near the center of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area; however, many smaller cities throughout the state also had elevated concentrations. Where direct comparisons were possible, monitored values often tended to exceed model estimates. Upper-bound excess lifetime inhalation cancer risks were estimated to range from 2.7 [times] 10(-5) to 140. 9 [times] 10(-5) (modeling) and 4.7 [times] 10(-5) to 11.0 [times] 10(-5) (using a smaller set of monitored carcinogens). Screening noncancer hazard indices summed over all end points ranged from 0.2 to 58.1 (modeling) and 0.6 to 2.0 (with a smaller set of monitored pollutants). For common sets of pollutants, the concentrations, cancer risks, and noncancer hazard indices were comparable between model-based estimates and monitored values. The inhalation cancer risk was apportioned to mobile sources (54%), area sources (22%), point sources (12%), and background (12%). This study provides evidence that air toxics are a public health concern in Minnesota.
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95
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Palmer K. Reaching communities of children. MINNESOTA MEDICINE 2000; 83:6-8. [PMID: 11006680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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96
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Palmer K. ASGT - Third Meeting. Clinical and poster sessions. IDRUGS : THE INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS JOURNAL 2000; 3:1012-5. [PMID: 16049855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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97
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Palmer K. Occupational musculoskeletal disorders, second edition. Occup Environ Med 2000; 57:431B. [PMID: 10810135 PMCID: PMC1739960 DOI: 10.1136/oem.57.6.431b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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98
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Palmer K. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: report, workshop summary, and workshop papers. Occup Environ Med 2000; 57:431A-431. [PMID: 10810134 PMCID: PMC1739959 DOI: 10.1136/oem.57.6.431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Boddy A, Palmer K. Web alert. Non-viral methods for gene transfer. CURRENT OPINION IN MOLECULAR THERAPEUTICS 2000; 2:127-8. [PMID: 11249631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Ferguson JI, Palmer K, Dresner SM, Griffin SM, Paterson-Brown S. Early outcome after laparoscopic and open floppy nissen fundoplication. Br J Surg 2000; 87:362-73. [PMID: 10718952 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01383-18.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS: There remains debate regarding the best operative procedure for gastro-oesophageal reflux. For those who advocate a full 'floppy' Nissen fundoplication there is some scepticism that this can be completed effectively laparoscopically with division of all the short gastric vessels. This study therefore compared the results of patients operated on in two different hospitals in which floppy Nissen fundoplication was carried out either laparoscopically (hospital 1) or by open surgery (hospital 2). METHODS: All patients undergoing antireflux surgery in both hospitals were recorded prospectively and perioperative data were collected retrospectively from the case records. A postoperative questionnaire was sent to each patient to determine the modified DeMeester score and the impact of surgery on daily activities, which were then analysed anonymously by an independent clinician. RESULTS: Operating time was significantly longer (median 150 versus 75 min; P < 0.001), but postoperative stay (2 versus 4 days; P < 0.001) and return to normal activities (14 versus 25 days; P < 0.002) were shorter for the laparoscopic approach. There was no difference in gas bloat (both groups median 1.0, range 0-3), dysphagia (median 1.0 versus 0.0, range 0-3) or modified DeMeester score (both groups median 1.0, range 0-9) between the two techniques (median follow-up 10 and 15 months). CONCLUSIONS: As the postoperative results were comparable this study confirms that a 'floppy' Nissen fundoplication with complete mobilization of the gastric fundus can be performed laparoscopically. The advantages of a shorter hospital stay and earlier return to normal activities are offset by a longer operating time.
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