76
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Barrett BE, Murray T, Clark R, Matsuoka K. Distribution and character of water in a surge-type glacier revealed by multifrequency and multipolarization ground-penetrating radar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jf000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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77
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Matsuo K, Uchida N, Kawakubo M, Iguchi H, Okamura S, Matsuoka K, Akiyama T. Development of a phase contrast imaging system based on a yttrium aluminum garnet laser with folded beam for observations of density fluctuations in compact helical system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:10F514. [PMID: 19044659 DOI: 10.1063/1.2953574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A near-infrared laser phase contrast optical system incorporating a folded beam was developed in order to measure the distribution of density fluctuations in a high-temperature plasma. The coherent light source used was an yttrium aluminum garnet laser stabilized by a ring oscillator. The probe beam system separates and reflects the incident and exiting beams with a polarizer and a fully reflective mirror with a waveplate. This system was employed with a compact helical system to detect fluctuations at the plasma edge.
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78
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Sugimoto T, Tanigawa T, Onishi K, Fujimoto N, Matsuda A, Nakamori S, Matsuoka K, Nakamura T, Koji T, Ito M. Serum intact parathyroid hormone levels predict hospitalisation for heart failure. Heart 2008; 95:395-8. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2008.147652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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79
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Kim D, Kang YS, Lee Y, Yamaguchi K, Matsuoka K, Lee KW, Choi KS, Oda T. Detection of nitric oxide (NO) in marine phytoplankters. J Biosci Bioeng 2008; 105:414-7. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.105.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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80
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Noguchi M, Kakuma T, Tomiyasu K, Itoh K, Konishi F, Kumamoto S, Shimizu K, Kondo R, Matsuoka K. POS-02.75: A randomized clinical trial of an ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (edible and medicinal mushroom) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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81
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82
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Fujisawa A, Itoh K, Shimizu A, Nakano H, Ohshima S, Iguchi H, Matsuoka K, Okamura S, Minami T, Yoshimura Y, Nagaoka K, Ida K, Toi K, Takahashi C, Kojima M, Nishimura S, Isobe M, Suzuki C, Akiyama T, Nagashima Y, Itoh SI, Diamond PH. Experimental evidence of a zonal magnetic field in a toroidal plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:165001. [PMID: 17501426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A zonal magnetic field is found in a toroidal plasma. The magnetic field has a symmetric bandlike structure, which is uniform in the toroidal and poloidal directions and varies radially with a finite wavelength of mesoscale, which is analogous to zonal flows. A time-dependent bicoherence analysis reveals that the magnetic field should be generated by the background plasma turbulence. The discovery is classified as a new kind of phenomenon of structured magnetic field generation, giving insight into phenomena such as dipole field generation in rotational planets.
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83
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Komohara Y, Suekane S, Noguchi M, Matsuoka K, Yamada A, Itoh K. Expression of APOBEC3G in kidney cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:95-8. [PMID: 17212712 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G), a member of the APOBEC family possessing DNA mutator activity through cytosine deamination, is reported to play an important role in host defense against infections such as those of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Here, we examined the expression of APOBEC3G in human kidney cells to better understand its biological role against infection. APOBEC3G was immunohistochemically detectable in kidney mesangial cells and also to some extent in kidney epithelial tubular cells. In addition, overexpression of APOBEC3G was shown in renal carcinoma tissues and cell lines. APOBEC3G expression was upregulated by inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor. These results may provide new insight into the role of APOBEC3G in host defense against viral infection and cancer.
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84
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Okamura S, Akiyama T, Fujisawa A, Ida K, Iguchi H, Isobe M, Kado S, Minami T, Nagaoka K, Nakamura K, Nishimura S, Matsuoka K, Matsushita H, Nakano H, Ohshima S, Oishi T, Shimizu A, Suzuki C, Takahashi C, Toi K, Yoshimura Y, Yoshinu M. Improved Confinement and Related Physics Study in the Compact Helical System. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-a1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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85
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Matsuoka K, Tomiyasu K, Suekane S, Noguchi M. PD-08.03. Urology 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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86
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Maeda R, Sumitomo S, Matsuoka K. [Solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst; report of a case]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 2006; 59:1131-3. [PMID: 17094557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a rare case of a solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the right 4th rib. A 29-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. Chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrated the lesion mass to be located in the area of the right 4th rib. Bone scintigram revealed a hot spot in the right 4th rib. The right 4th rib was resected en bloc with the parietal pleura, and adjacent intercostal muscles via right anterior thoracotomy. Postoperative pathological evaluation was consistent with a solid variant of ABC.
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87
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Maeda R, Sumitomo S, Matsuoka K. [Thoracoscopic removal of bronchogenic cyst of the posterior mediastinum; report of a case]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 2006; 59:594-6. [PMID: 16856538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A 15-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with an abnormal chest X-ray shadow in the left posterior mediastinum found at health screening. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested that the cystic lesion contained a viscous liquid. The lesion was removed using a thoracoscope and diagnosed as bronchogenic cyst. Postoperative pathological evaluation was consistent with the initial diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst. This case illustrates the usefulness of thoracoscopic surgery for diagnosis and extirpation of bronchogenic cyst.
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88
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Nakamura H, Ejiri H, Fushimi K, Ichihara K, Matsuoka K, Nomachi M, Hazama R, Umehara S, Yoshida S, Ogama T, Sakiuchi T, Hai VH, Sugaya Y, collaboration TM. MOON for spectroscopic studies of double beta decays and the present status of the MOON-1 prototype detector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/39/1/091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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89
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Umehara S, Kishimoto T, Ogawa I, Hazama R, Yoshida S, Matsuoka K, Yokoyama D, Mukaida K, Ichihara K, Hirano Y, Yanagisawa A. CANDLES for double beta decay of48Ca. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/39/1/093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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90
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Maeda R, Sumitomo S, Matsuoka K. [Tuberculous abscess in the chest wall; report of a case]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 2006; 59:505-7. [PMID: 16780074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A 72-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with left chest pain. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an abscess in the left lateral chest wall. Bacterial examination of needle aspiration biopsy specimen from the chest wall abscess disclosed positive acid-fast bacilli. The size of chest wall abscess increased after initiation of antituberculous therapy with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol hydrochloride and pyrazinamide, and therefore abscess drainage was subsequently performed. The lesion was resected after the abscess had diminished in size.
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91
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Tanaka K, Honna T, Kitano Y, Kuroda T, Tanaka K, Morikawa N, Matsuda H, Kawashima N, Matsuoka K, Miyauchi J. Combined fibrolamellar carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma exhibiting biphenotypic antigen expression: a case report. J Clin Pathol 2005; 58:884-7. [PMID: 16049296 PMCID: PMC1770866 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.021956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC), a variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), very rarely occurs in association with cholangiocarcinoma (CC). This report describes the first case of FLC coexisting with CC (FLC-CC) from Japan. Although the major part of the tumour located in the right lobe of the liver showed the typical features of FLC, CC was admixed with the FLC, not only in the primary hepatic tumour, but also in the lymph node metastases. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that, although carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which can be detected with monoclonal antibodies in the cytoplasm and the cell surface of CC cells but not HCC cells, was expressed in only the CC cells in the primary tumour, it was expressed extensively in the cytoplasm of both CC and FLC cells in the metastatic and recurrent tumours. Furthermore, Hep Par 1, a hepatocyte specific antigen, was also expressed in both the FLC and CC cells. These findings suggest that, in this case, both FLC and CC were possibly derived from the same cancer stem cell with the capacity to differentiate into both hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium, and that both the cellular components, therefore, exhibited biphenotypic antigen expression.
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92
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Paredes JI, Martínez-Alonso A, Yamazaki T, Matsuoka K, Tascón JMD, Kyotani T. Structural investigation of zeolite-templated, ordered microporous carbon by scanning tunneling microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:8817-23. [PMID: 16142965 DOI: 10.1021/la0510580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and Raman spectroscopy have been employed for a detailed structural characterization of an ordered microporous carbon synthesized in the nanochannels of zeolite Y by a templating approach. The carbon exhibited an exceptionally high adsorption capacity together with a long-range structural organization on the nanometer scale. As revealed by STM, this material exhibited both terrace-like and periodic (approximately 1.4 nm) stripe-like nanostructures. The vertical separation between contiguous terraces was measured to be also about 1.4 nm and was thus coincident with the structural periodicity deduced by X-ray diffraction. The terraces of the carbon material were shown to consist of arrays of approximately 1 nm wide carbon clusters. The carbon clusters displayed only a limited degree of local order within the terraces but not long-range periodicity. Likewise, STM indicated that the micropore structure of this carbon originated from the large number of voids that separate adjacent clusters, being morphologically very different from that commonly found in activated carbons. The range of void sizes measured by STM (0.8-2.3 nm) was in complete agreement with the pore size distribution determined from nitrogen adsorption measurements. The origin of the nanostructural features observed for this microporous carbon was discussed on the basis of the surface structure of the zeolite Y template. Finally, Raman spectroscopy provided evidence that the carbon clusters were made up of nanographenes with a curved topology.
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93
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Sato T, Nakai T, Tamura N, Okamoto S, Matsuoka K, Sakuraba A, Fukushima T, Uede T, Hibi T. Osteopontin/Eta-1 upregulated in Crohn's disease regulates the Th1 immune response. Gut 2005; 54:1254-62. [PMID: 16099792 PMCID: PMC1774642 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.048298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterised by a Th1 immune response, remains unclear. Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphoprotein known as an adhesive bone matrix protein. Recent studies have shown that OPN plays an important role in lymphocyte migration, granuloma formation, and interleukin 12 (IL-12) production. The present study investigated expression and the pathophysiological role of OPN in CD. METHODS Plasma OPN concentration was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of OPN in human intestinal mucosa was determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot, and localisation of OPN was examined by immunohistochemistry. Expression of integrin beta3, an OPN receptor, on lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) was assessed by flow cytometry. Functional activation of OPN in LPMC was investigated by measuring the production of cytokines. RESULTS Plasma OPN concentration was significantly higher in patients with CD compared with normal controls or patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). OPN was upregulated in intestinal mucosa from UC and CD patients. OPN producing cells were epithelial or IgG producing plasma cells, or partial macrophages. OPN was detected in areas surrounding granuloma from mucosa in CD. Integrin beta3 expressing macrophages infiltrated inflamed mucosa in UC and CD; in contrast, there was no expression of integrin beta3 on intestinal macrophages in normal mucosa. OPN induced production of IL-12 from LPMC in CD but not in normal controls or UC. CONCLUSIONS Increased OPN expression facilitates cytokine production and is closely involved in the Th1 immune response associated with CD.
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94
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Noguchi M, Kakuma T, Tomiyasu K, Konishi F, Kumamoto S, Kondo R, Matsuoka K. Phase I study of a methanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum, edible and medicinal mushroom, in men with mild symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction. Urology 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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95
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Nishiyama K, Tanaka Y, Nakajima K, Mokubo A, Atsumi Y, Matsuoka K, Watada H, Hirose T, Nomiyama T, Maeda S, Kawamori R. Polymorphism of the solute carrier family 12 (sodium/chloride transporters) member 3, SLC12A3, gene at exon 23 (+78G/A: Arg913Gln) is associated with elevation of urinary albumin excretion in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 10-year longitudinal study. Diabetologia 2005; 48:1335-8. [PMID: 15915338 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We have shown previously that the SLC12A3 +78G/A polymorphism in exon 23 (Arg913Gln) was a new candidate for conferring susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to confirm the effect of this polymorphism on the elevation of urinary albumin excretion in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS We retrospectively studied 264 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes over a ten-year period. The subjects were classified into two groups: (1) persistent normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria, or improvement from microalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria (group N); and (2) progression from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria, or progression from microalbuminuria to overt proteinuria (group P). They were assessed for association with the +78G/A polymorphism. RESULTS The frequency of the +78A allele was significantly higher in group N than in group P (10% vs 1%, p=0.021). By logistic regression analysis and discriminant analysis, the substituted allele was shown to be an independent factor correlating negatively to the elevation of albumin excretion (p=0.043 and 0.022, respectively). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The SLC12A3 +78A(+) genotype may have a protective effect against the development and/or progression of diabetic nephropathy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
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96
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Matsunaga G, Toi K, Kawada S, Kotani J, Suzuki C, Matsuoka K. Excitation of toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes by the electrodes inserted in a heliotron/torsatron plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:225005. [PMID: 16090408 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.225005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2002] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel method of exciting shear Alfvén waves using electrodes inserted in a plasma was developed for basic study of Alfvén eigenmodes in a heliotron/torsatron plasma. The electrodes can induce excitation current along the confinement field line, and generate magnetic perturbations perpendicular to the confinement field. By sweeping the frequency of the current in a cold plasma, the toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmode was resonantly excited at the predicted frequency and radial location. Plasma response to the applied magnetic perturbations indicates a fairly large damping rate caused by continuum damping.
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97
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Nomachi M, Doe P, Ejiri H, Elliott S, Engel J, Finger M, Formaggio J, Fushimi K, Gehman V, Gorin A, Greenfield M, Hazama R, Ichihara K, Ikegami Y, Ishii H, Itahashi T, Kavitov P, Kekelidze V, Kuroda K, Kutsalo V, Manouilov I, Matsuoka K, Nakamura H, Ogama T, Para A, Rielage K, Rjazantsev A, Robertson R, Shichijo Y, Shima T, Shimada Y, Shirkov G, Sissakian A, Sugaya Y, Titov A, Vatulin V, Vilches O, Voronov V, Wilkerson J, Will D, Yoshida S. MOON (Mo Observatory Of Neutrinos) for double beta decay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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98
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Suzuki Y, Atsumi Y, Matsuoka K, Nishimaki K, Ohta S, Taniyama M, Muramatsu T. Mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)) mutation at position 3243 detected in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005; 67:92-4. [PMID: 15620439 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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99
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Yoshida S, Kishimoto T, Ogawa I, Hazama R, Umehara S, Matsuoka K, Yokoyama D, Mukaida K, Ichihara K, Tatewaki Y. CANDLES project for double beta decay of 48Ca. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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100
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Murata C, Taniyama M, Kuriyama S, Muramatsu T, Atsumi Y, Matsuoka K, Suzuki Y. Meta-analysis of three diabetes population studies: association of inactive ALDH2 genotype with maternal inheritance of diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004; 66 Suppl 1:S145-7. [PMID: 15563966 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2003.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2003] [Accepted: 11/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To date, there have been three population studies that examined the association of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotype with inheritance of diabetes. Here, we summarize the results by meta-analysis. The study 1 consisted of 212 type 2 diabetics who did not have renal failure. The study 2 consisted of 73 type 2 diabetics who had renal failure. The study 3 consisted of 230 type 1 diabetics. In total, 515 subjects were examined for the association of ALDH2 genotype with inheritance of diabetes. Out of 515 subjects, 307 (60%) had active ALDH2 (ALDH2*1/ALDH2*1) and 208 (40%) had inactive ALDH2 (175 had ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2 and 33 had ALDH2*2/ALDH2*2). As for family history, 25 subjects (8.1%) in the active ALDH2 group had a diabetic mother, compared with 43 (20.6%) in the inactive ALDH2 group. Twenty-nine subjects (9.4%) in the active ALDH2 group had a diabetic father, compared with 14 (6.7%) in the inactive ALDH2 group. The percentage of diabetic mother was higher in the inactive ALDH2 group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). We hence speculate that diabetic patients with inactive ALDH2 genotype may have underlying background of mitochondria etiology, thereby showing maternal trait of diabetes inheritance. In conclusion, meta-analysis using three diabetes population studies strongly confirmed the association between ALDH2 inactivity and maternal inheritance.
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