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Condic M, Rohr A, Riemann S, Staerk C, Ayub TH, Doeser A, Zillinger T, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Buettner R, Barchet W, Rudlowski C, Mustea A, Kübler K. Immune Profiling of Vulvar Squamous Cell Cancer Discovers a Macrophage-rich Subtype Associated with Poor Prognosis. Cancer Res Commun 2024; 4:861-875. [PMID: 38407373 PMCID: PMC10956503 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The incidence rates of vulvar squamous cell cancer (VSCC) have increased over the past decades, requiring personalized oncologic approaches. Currently, lymph node involvement is a key factor in determining prognosis and treatment options. However, there is a need for additional immune-related biomarkers to provide more precise treatment and prognostic information. Here, we used IHC and expression data to characterize immune cells and their spatial distribution in VSCC. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified distinct immune subtypes, of which the macrophage-rich subtype was associated with adverse outcome. This is consistent with our findings of increased lymphogenesis, lymphatic invasion, and lymph node involvement associated with high macrophage infiltration. Further in vitro studies showed that VSCC-associated macrophages expressed VEGF-A and subsequently induced VEGF-A in the VSCC cell line A-431, providing experimental support for a pro-lymphangiogenic role of macrophages in VSCC. Taken together, immune profiling in VSCC revealed tumor processes, identified a subset of patients with adverse outcome, and provided a valuable biomarker for risk stratification and therapeutic decision making for anti-VEGF treatment, ultimately contributing to the advancement of precision medicine in VSCC. SIGNIFICANCE Immunoprofiling in VSCC reveals subtypes with distinct clinical and biological behavior. Of these, the macrophage-rich VSCC subtype is characterized by poor clinical outcome and increased VEGF-A expression, providing a biomarker for risk stratification and therapeutic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Condic
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Rohr
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Soheila Riemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Staerk
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tiyasha H. Ayub
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Doeser
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Winfried Barchet
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Rudlowski
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Lutherian Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University Hospital Bonn, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Alexander Mustea
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kirsten Kübler
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Center of Functional Genomics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Jiang X, Li Z, Chang X, Lian Z, Wang A, Lin P, Chen H, Zhou D, Tang K, Jin Y. A Comparative Proteomic Analysis to Explore the Influencing Factors on Endometritis Using LC-MS/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10018. [PMID: 37373165 PMCID: PMC10298677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory system activated by uterine infection is associated with decreased fertility. Diseases can be detected in advance by identifying biomarkers of several uterine diseases. Escherichia coli is one of the most frequent bacteria that is involved in pathogenic processes in dairy goats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endotoxin on protein expression in goat endometrial epithelial cells. In this study, the LC-MS/MS approach was employed to investigate the proteome profile of goat endometrial epithelial cells. A total of 1180 proteins were identified in the goat Endometrial Epithelial Cells and LPS-treated goat Endometrial Epithelial Cell groups, of which, 313 differentially expressed proteins were accurately screened. The proteomic results were independently verified by WB, TEM and IF techniques, and the same conclusion was obtained. To conclude, this model is suitable for the further study of infertility caused by endometrial damage caused by endotoxin. These findings may provide useful information for the prevention and treatment of endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.J.)
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.J.)
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiyv Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.J.)
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhengjie Lian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.J.)
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.J.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.J.)
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.J.)
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.J.)
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Keqiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.J.)
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.J.)
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
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Prete AA, Manca P, Messina M, Formica V, Frassineti GL, Zampino MG, Corsi DC, Orciuolo C, Prisciandaro M, Bergamo F, Angerilli V, Scartozzi M, Casagrande M, Masi G, Ronzoni M, Morano F, Vettore V, Salmaso R, Rasola C, Maddalena G, Del Bianco P, Milione M, Cremolini C, Fassan M, Pietrantonio F, Lonardi S. Extensive molecular profiling of squamous cell anal carcinoma in a phase 2 trial population: Translational analyses of the "CARACAS" study. Eur J Cancer 2023; 182:87-97. [PMID: 36753836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular characteristics of squamous cell anal carcinoma (SCAC) are poorly explored. Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed limited activity in phase I/II trials, but predictive and prognostic biomarkers are lacking. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the phase II randomised trial CARACAS (NCT03944252), avelumab alone (Arm A) or with cetuximab (Arm B) was tested in pre-treated advanced SCAC , with overall response rate being the primary end-point. On pre-treatment tumour tissue samples, we assessed Human papillomavirus status, programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, mismatch repair proteins expression, tumour mutational burden (TMB) and comprehensive genomic profiling by FoundationOne CDx. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes were characterised on haematoxylin-eosine-stained samples. Primary objective was to describe response to immunotherapy in the CARACAS trial population according to molecular and histological characteristics. Secondary objectives were to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) according to molecular biomarkers. RESULTS High PD-L1 (>40 with combined positive score) was significantly more frequent in patients with disease control (p = 0.0109). High TMB (>10 mutations per megabase) was related to better OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.09; 95%confidence interval (CI) 0.01-0.68; p = 0.019) and PFS (HR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.15-1.27; p = 0.129). High expression of PD-L1 conferred longer OS (HR = 0.46; 95%CI = 0.19-1.08; p = 0.075) and PFS (HR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.20-0.92; p = 0.03). Neither OS (HR = 1.30; 95%CI = 0.72-2.36; p = 0.39) or PFS (HR = 1.31; 95%CI = 0.74-2.31; p = 0.357) was affected by high (>1.2) Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes count. High TMB and PD-L1identified patients were with significantly better OS (HR = 0.33; 95%CI = 0.13-0.81; p = 0.015) and PFS (HR = 0.48; 95%CI = 0.23-1.00; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, TranslaCARACAS is the first study to document prognostic role of TMB and PD-L1 in advanced SCAC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra A Prete
- Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Manca
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumouri, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Messina
- Oncologia, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Cefalù, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni L Frassineti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumouri "Dino Amadori" (IRST), Meldola, Italy
| | - Maria G Zampino
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, European Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico C Corsi
- Medical Oncology Unit Ospedale San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Orciuolo
- Oncology Unit, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Human Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Bergamo
- Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Angerilli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluca Masi
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Ronzoni
- Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Morano
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumouri, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vettore
- Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Salmaso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua Padua, Italy
| | - Cosimo Rasola
- Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Maddalena
- Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Del Bianco
- Clinical Research Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Milione
- Department of the Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumouri, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua Padua, Italy; Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Sara Lonardi
- Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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Juarez-Facio AT, Castilla C, Corbière C, Lavanant H, Afonso C, Morin C, Merlet-Machour N, Chevalier L, Vaugeois JM, Yon J, Monteil C. Development of a standardized in vitro approach to evaluate microphysical, chemical, and toxicological properties of combustion-derived fine and ultrafine particles. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 113:104-117. [PMID: 34963520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles represent a growing concern in the public health community but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown. This lack of knowledge is related to the experimental difficulty in linking their biological effects to their multiple properties, which are important determinants of toxicity. Our aim is to propose an interdisciplinary approach to study fine (FP) and ultrafine (UFP) particles, generated in a controlled manner using a miniCAST (Combustion Aerosol Standard) soot generator used with two different operating conditions (CAST1 and CAST3). The chemical characterization was performed by an untargeted analysis using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. In conjunction with this approach, subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). CAST1 enabled the generation of FP with a predominance of small PAH molecules, and CAST3 enabled the generation of UFP, which presented higher numbers of carbon atoms corresponding to larger PAH molecules. Healthy normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) were directly exposed to these freshly emitted FP and UFP. Expression of MUC5AC, FOXJ1, OCLN and ZOI as well as microscopic observation confirmed the ciliated pseudostratified epithelial phenotype. Study of the mass deposition efficiency revealed a difference between the two operating conditions, probably due to the morphological differences between the two categories of particles. We demonstrated that only NHBE cells exposed to CAST3 particles induced upregulation in the gene expression of IL-8 and NQO1. This approach offers new perspectives to study FP and UFP with stable and controlled properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clément Castilla
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Hélène Lavanant
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Morin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Laurence Chevalier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM-UMR6634, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Jérôme Yon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France
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5
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Montgomery EA, Arnold CA, Lam-Himlin DM, McDonald OG, Poveda JC, Salimian KJ, Voltaggio L, Waters KM, Wood LD, Singhi AD. Some Morphology Frontiers of Dysplasia in the Tubular Gastrointestinal Tract: The Rodger C. Haggitt Memorial Lecture. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:e1-e14. [PMID: 33284191 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review, based on the content of the 2020 US Gastrointestinal Pathology Society's Rodger Haggitt Lecture, concerns an array of tubular gastrointestinal tract dysplastic or possible "predysplastic lesions" with an almost purely morphologic focus based on our collaborative efforts over the past few years. These processes include esophageal epidermoid metaplasia, Barrett esophagus-associated dysplasia, polypoid gastric dysplastic lesions, small intestinal dysplasia, and the ability of metastases to mimic it, the controversial "serrated epithelial change" encountered in the setting of long-standing ulcerative and Crohn colitis, and recently described anal columnar human papilloma virus-associated neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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6
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Blonski S, Aureille J, Badawi S, Zaremba D, Pernet L, Grichine A, Fraboulet S, Korczyk PM, Recho P, Guilluy C, Dolega ME. Direction of epithelial folding defines impact of mechanical forces on epithelial state. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3222-3234.e6. [PMID: 34875225 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell shape dynamics during development is tightly regulated and coordinated with cell fate determination. Triggered by an interplay between biochemical and mechanical signals, epithelia form complex tissues by undergoing coordinated cell shape changes, but how such spatiotemporal coordination is controlled remains an open question. To dissect biochemical signaling from purely mechanical cues, we developed a microfluidic system that experimentally triggers epithelial folding to recapitulate stereotypic deformations observed in vivo. Using this system, we observe that the apical or basal direction of folding results in strikingly different mechanical states at the fold boundary, where the balance between tissue tension and torque (arising from the imposed curvature) controls the spread of folding-induced calcium waves at a short timescale and induces spatial patterns of gene expression at longer timescales. Our work uncovers that folding-associated gradients of cell shape and their resulting mechanical stresses direct spatially distinct biochemical responses within the monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Blonski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, IPPT, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julien Aureille
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sara Badawi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Damian Zaremba
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, IPPT, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lydia Pernet
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexei Grichine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Fraboulet
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Piotr M Korczyk
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, IPPT, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pierre Recho
- LIPhy, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5588, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Guilluy
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Monika E Dolega
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Candeias J, Schmidt-Weber CB, Buters J. Dosing intact birch pollen grains at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to the immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259914. [PMID: 34784380 PMCID: PMC8594808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In real life, humans are exposed to whole pollen grains at the air epithelial barrier. We developed a system for in vitro dosing of whole pollen grains at the Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) and studied their effect on the immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. Pollen are sticky and large particles. Dosing pollen needs resuspension of single particles rather than clusters, and subsequent transportation to the cells with little loss to the walls of the instrumentation i.e. in a straight line. To avoid high speed impacting insults to cells we chose sedimentation by gravity as a delivery step. Pollen was resuspended into single particles by pressured air. A pollen dispersion unit including PTFE coating of the walls and reduced air pressure limited impaction loss to the walls. The loss of pollen to the system was still about 40%. A linear dose effect curve resulted in 327-2834 pollen/cm2 (± 6.1%), the latter concentration being calculated as the amount deposited on epithelial cells on high pollen days. After whole pollen exposure, the largest differential gene expression at the transcriptomic level was late, about 7 hours after exposure. Inflammatory and response to stimulus related genes were up-regulated. We developed a whole pollen exposure air-liquid interface system (Pollen-ALI), in which cells can be gently and reliably dosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Candeias
- Center Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University Munich, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber
- Center Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University Munich, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeroen Buters
- Center Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University Munich, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
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8
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Williams AH, Hebert AM, Boehm RC, Huddleston ME, Jenkins MR, Velev OD, Nelson MT. Bioscaffold Stiffness Mediates Aerosolized Nanoparticle Uptake in Lung Epithelial Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:50643-50656. [PMID: 34668373 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, highly porous, ultrasoft polymeric mats mimicking human tissues were formed from novel polyurethane soft dendritic colloids (PU SDCs). PU SDCs have a unique fibrillar morphology controlled by antisolvent precipitation. When filtered from suspension, PU SDCs form mechanically robust nonwoven mats. The stiffness of the SDC mats can be tuned for physiological relevance. The unique physiochemical characteristics of the PU SDC particles dictate the mechanical properties resulting in tunable elastic moduli ranging from 200 to 800 kPa. The human lung A549 cells cultured on both stiff and soft PU SDC membranes were found to be viable, capable of supporting the air-liquid interface (ALI) cell culture, and maintained barrier integrity. Furthermore, A549 cellular viability and uptake efficiency of aerosolized tannic acid-coated gold nanoparticles (Ta-Au) was found to depend on elastic modulus and culture conditions. Ta-Au nanoparticle uptake was twofold and fourfold greater on soft PU SDCs, when cultured at submerged and ALI conditions, respectively. The significant increase in endocytosed Ta-Au resulted in a 20% decrease in viability, and a 4-fold increase in IL-8 cytokine secretion when cultured on soft PU SDCs at ALI. Common tissue culture materials exhibit super-physiological elastic moduli, a factor found to be critical in analyzing nanomaterial cellular interactions and biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin H Williams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Adrien M Hebert
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Robert C Boehm
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Mary E Huddleston
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Meghan R Jenkins
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Orlin D Velev
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - M Tyler Nelson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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Li YS, Suen JL, Tseng WL, Lu CY. An eco-friendly solvent-free reaction based on peptide probes: design an extraction-free method for analysis of acrylamide under microliter volume. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7531-7539. [PMID: 34635932 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a group 2A carcinogen and potential endocrine disruptor that can enter the ecosystem by various routes and has recently become a dangerous pollutant. This widely used chemical can enter the human body via air inhalation, food or water consumption, or skin contact. In this study, we developed a peptide probe for the detection of acrylamide by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) after its micro-tagging with a peptide. Direct detection of acrylamide by MALDI-TOF MS is not feasible due to its poor ionization in the MALDI interface, which hinders its analysis by the technique. After microwave irradiation for 2 min, the formed acrylamide-peptide derivative was detected easily by MALDI-TOF MS without the need for extraction procedures. The procedure does not involve organic solvents and a water-soluble peptide that allows detection of acrylamide in small sample volumes with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 ng/μL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) and relative error (RE) of the measurements were < 6.7% for intra- and inter-day assays. Gel-washing solutions from a polyacrylamide gel experiment were used as a model to study the efficiency of the developed method. Finally, we used the proposed method for the detection of free acrylamide in small volumes of lung epithelial cells (a model to test the air inhalation of acrylamide under a tiny volume of sample) and human urine. The developed method will enable rapid acrylamide detection in environmental and biological samples via a green approach based on microwave-assisted derivatization in water alongside the use of a less toxic derivatization reagent, reusable target plate, and miniaturization protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Ling Suen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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10
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Skamrahl M, Pang H, Ferle M, Gottwald J, Rübeling A, Maraspini R, Honigmann A, Oswald TA, Janshoff A. Tight Junction ZO Proteins Maintain Tissue Fluidity, Ensuring Efficient Collective Cell Migration. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2100478. [PMID: 34382375 PMCID: PMC8498871 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are essential components of epithelial tissues connecting neighboring cells to provide protective barriers. While their general function to seal compartments is well understood, their role in collective cell migration is largely unexplored. Here, the importance of the TJ zonula occludens (ZO) proteins ZO1 and ZO2 for epithelial migration is investigated employing video microscopy in conjunction with velocimetry, segmentation, cell tracking, and atomic force microscopy/spectroscopy. The results indicate that ZO proteins are necessary for fast and coherent migration. In particular, ZO1 and 2 loss (dKD) induces actomyosin remodeling away from the central cortex towards the periphery of individual cells, resulting in altered viscoelastic properties. A tug-of-war emerges between two subpopulations of cells with distinct morphological and mechanical properties: 1) smaller and highly contractile cells with an outward bulging apical membrane, and 2) larger, flattened cells, which, due to tensile stress, display a higher proliferation rate. In response, the cell density increases, leading to crowding-induced jamming and more small cells over time. Co-cultures comprising wildtype and dKD cells migrate inefficiently due to phase separation based on differences in contractility rather than differential adhesion. This study shows that ZO proteins are necessary for efficient collective cell migration by maintaining tissue fluidity and controlling proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Skamrahl
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Hongtao Pang
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Maximilian Ferle
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Jannis Gottwald
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Angela Rübeling
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 2Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Riccardo Maraspini
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsPfotenhauerstraße 108Dresden01307Germany
| | - Alf Honigmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsPfotenhauerstraße 108Dresden01307Germany
| | - Tabea A. Oswald
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 2Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
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11
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Monteagudo C, Fúnez R, Sánchez-Sendra B, González-Muñoz JF, Nieto G, Alfaro-Cervelló C, Murgui A, Barr RJ. Cutaneous Lymphadenoma Is a Distinct Trichoblastoma-like Lymphoepithelial Tumor With Diffuse Androgen Receptor Immunoreactivity, Notch1 Ligand in Reed-Sternberg-like Cells, and Common EGFR Somatic Mutations. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:1382-1390. [PMID: 34232601 PMCID: PMC8428866 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The term "cutaneous lymphadenoma" was coined in this journal for an unusual lymphoepithelial cutaneous adnexal neoplasm, possibly with immature pilosebaceous differentiation. Some authors further proposed that cutaneous lymphadenoma was an adamantinoid trichoblastoma. However, although a hair follicle differentiation is widely accepted, the fact that this is a lymphoepithelial tumor is not appropriately explained by the trichoblastoma hypothesis. Our goal was to further clarify the phenotypic and genotypic features of cutaneous lymphadenoma in a series of 11 cases. Histologically, a lobular architecture surrounded by a dense fibrous stroma was present in all cases. The lobules were composed of epithelial cells admixtured with small lymphocytes and isolated or clustered large Reed-Sternberg-like (RS-L) cells. The epithelial cells were diffusely positive for the hair follicle stem cell markers CK15, PHLDA1, and for androgen receptor. No immunostaining for markers of sebaceous differentiation was found. Intraepithelial lymphocytes were predominantly CD3+, CD4+, FoxP3+ T cells. RS-L cells showed both strong Jagged-1 and Notch1 cytoplasmic immunostaining. Androgen-regulated NKX3.1 nuclear immunostaining was present in a subset of large intralobular cells in all cases. Double immunostaining showed coexpression of NKX3.1 and CD30 in a subset of RS-L cells. No immunostaining for lymphocytic or epithelial markers was present in RS-L cells. EGFR, PIK3CA, and FGFR3 somatic mutations were found by next-generation sequencing in 56% of the cases. We consider that cutaneous lymphadenoma is a distinct benign lymphoepithelial tumor with androgen receptor and hair follicle bulge stem cell marker expression, RS-L cell-derived Notch1 ligand, and common EGFR gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute
- Departments of Pathology
| | - Rafael Fúnez
- Department of Pathology, Costa del Sol Health Agency, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - José F. González-Muñoz
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute
| | | | - Clara Alfaro-Cervelló
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute
| | - Amelia Murgui
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia
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12
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Yang Q, Xie J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhang K, Dong Y. Determination of tigecycline in human lung epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a cellular pharmacokinetics study. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2021; 35:e9112. [PMID: 33913212 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In order to characterize the intracellular pharmacokinetic properties of tigecycline, we developed and fully validated a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for quantification of tigecycline in human lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). METHODS Tetracycline was used as an internal standard and chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 Hypersil Gold aQ column using two mobile phases, a solution of water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min for 5.0 min. Tigecycline drug uptake was evaluated by incubating the BEAS-2B cells and the PMNs for up to 3 h at tigecycline concentrations of 1 mg/L. RESULTS The assay was linear over the tested concentration range of 0.01-2 mg/L for tigecycline in BEAS-2B cells and PMNs (r2 >0.99). The inter- and inter-day precisions (RSD, %) were <10.02% and the accuracies (%) were within the range of 85-115%. The uptake study showed that after incubation with tigecycline (1 mg/L) for 3 h at 37°C, the intracellular peak concentration of BEAS-2B cells was 14.44 ± 7.12 mg/L at 1 h, and 41.43 ± 25.66 mg/L in PMNs at 20 min. The mean intracellular concentrations fluctuated in the range of 0.8-14.44 mg/L in BEAS-2B cells and 10.14-41.43 mg/L in PMNs for 1 mg/L tigecycline exposure. CONCLUSIONS Validated LC/MS/MS is a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for determining the intracellular concentration of tigecycline, and tigecycline has good penetrations both in human BEAS-2B cells and PMNs. The method can be efficiently used for future studies of the intracellular pharmacokinetics of tigecycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Drug Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Kanghuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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13
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Gallob F, Brcic L, Eidenhammer S, Rumpp F, Nerlich A, Popper H. Senescence and autophagy in usual interstitial pneumonia of different etiology. Virchows Arch 2021; 478:497-506. [PMID: 32851507 PMCID: PMC7973921 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with a dismal prognosis. Currently, the causing agent(s) are poorly understood. Recent data suggest that senescence and autophagy might play a role in its development, as well as changes in metabolism due to hypoxic conditions. In this study, the expression of senescence markers in 23 cases of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)/IPF and UIP/chronic autoimmune diseases (UIP/AuD) was investigated. The status of autophagy was evaluated with respect to either antiinflammatory or antihypoxia function. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of UIP were selected for immunohistochemistry with antibodies for p21, p16, and β-galactosidase (senescence); for LC3, SIRT1, MAP1S, and pAMKα (autophagy); and for LDH and GLUT1 (metabolism). Epithelial cells in cystic remodeled areas of UIP stained for p16 and p21, p16 being more specific compared with p21. Myofibroblasts were negative in all cases. An upregulation of all four autophagy markers was seen not only in epithelia within remodeled areas and proliferating myofibroblasts, but also in bronchial epithelia and pneumocytes. Upregulated autophagy points to a compensatory mechanism for hypoxia; therefore, LDH and GLUT1 were investigated. Their expression was present in epithelia within cystic remodeling and in myofibroblasts. The cells within the remodeled areas stained for cytokeratin 5, but coexpressed TTF1, confirming their origin from basal cells of bronchioles. Within this population, senescent cells arise. Our results indicated that autophagy in UIP very likely helps cells to survive in hypoxic condition. By phagocytosis of cellular debris, they supplement their need for nutrition, and by upregulating LDH and GLUT1, they compensate for local hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gallob
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Luka Brcic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sylvia Eidenhammer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Rumpp
- Pulmonology Department, Clinics Munich-Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Nerlich
- Pathology Department, Clinics Munich-Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Popper
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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14
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Bhattacharyya S, Ray S, Saha D, Mustafi SM, Alam N, Sarkar A, Murmu N. Chewing tobacco may act as a risk factor for dysplastic transformation of squamous cells in Oral leukoplakia- A cytochemistry based approach. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 218:153287. [PMID: 33454586 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of chewing tobacco is a severe risk factor for oral mucosa related diseases including cancer in India as well as USA, although its relationship with Oral Leukoplakia (OL) or related carcinogenicity is still not clear. This work chose two oncogenic pathway proteins- the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and the WNT pathway among leukoplakia patients and established their correlation with the individuals' tobacco chewing habit. 89 fresh patients with OL were selected for the work. The samples were classified based on the individual's tobacco chewing habit. The divided samples were then immunostained with antibodies for both of the EGFR as well as WNT pathway proteins. The samples were further classified based on their proliferation status and the expression of these oncoproteins was also observed. In order to compare the cytological data with histological data, 30 OL patients undergoing biopsy were chosen and immunohistological analysis was performed for the same pathways. Results showed overexpressing EGFR and WNT pathway proteins in all OL samples. Structurally atypic cells had a tendency to overexpress these oncoproteins. However the immunocytochemistry data could not confirm any positive effect of chewing tobacco on the OL's proliferative state. Statistical data from the immunfluorescence finally revealed the overexpression of both EGFR and WNT pathway proteins on the proliferative population establishing chewing tobacco as a positive risk factor for the onset of OL. Data from biopsy samples followed the same trend of protein expression seen in the cytological samples. Dysplastic zones showed huge overexpression of EGFR and WNT pathway proteins among tobacco chewers. In conclusion, this is the first time report showing the effect of chewing tobacco on the EGFR and WNT pathway in OL and its possible role as a potential risk factor for its proliferative type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Signal Transduction & Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, India
| | - Sudipta Ray
- Department of Signal Transduction & Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, India
| | - Depanwita Saha
- Department of Signal Transduction & Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, India
| | | | - Neyaz Alam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, India
| | - Aniruddha Sarkar
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, India
| | - Nabendu Murmu
- Department of Signal Transduction & Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, India.
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15
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Radhakrishnan A, Rohatgi R, Siebold C. Cholesterol access in cellular membranes controls Hedgehog signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1303-1313. [PMID: 33199907 PMCID: PMC7872078 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway coordinates cell-cell communication in development and regeneration. Defects in this pathway underlie diseases ranging from birth defects to cancer. Hh signals are transmitted across the plasma membrane by two proteins, Patched 1 (PTCH1) and Smoothened (SMO). PTCH1, a transporter-like tumor-suppressor protein, binds to Hh ligands, but SMO, a G-protein-coupled-receptor family oncoprotein, transmits the Hh signal across the membrane. Recent structural, biochemical and cell-biological studies have converged at the surprising model that a specific pool of plasma membrane cholesterol, termed accessible cholesterol, functions as a second messenger that conveys the signal between PTCH1 and SMO. Beyond solving a central puzzle in Hh signaling, these studies are revealing new principles in membrane biology: how proteins respond to and remodel cholesterol accessibility in membranes and how the cholesterol composition of organelle membranes is used to regulate protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Radhakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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16
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Ostojic L, O'Connor C, Wurmbach E. Micromanipulation of single cells and fingerprints for forensic identification. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 51:102430. [PMID: 33260060 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Crime scene samples often include biological stains, handled items, or worn clothes and may contain cells from various donors. Applying routine sample collection methods by using a portion of a biological stain or swabbing the entire suspected touched area of the evidence followed by DNA extraction often leads to DNA mixtures. Some mixtures can be addressed with sophisticated interpretation protocols and probabilistic genotyping software resulting in DNA profiles of their contributors. However, many samples remain unresolved, providing no investigative information. Samples with many contributors are often the most challenging samples in forensic biology. Examples include gang rape situations or where the perpetrator's DNA is present in traces among the overwhelming amounts of the victim's DNA. If this is the only available evidence in a case, it is of paramount importance to generate usable information. An alternative approach, to address biological mixtures, could be the collection of individual cells directly from the evidence and testing them separately. This method could prevent cells from being inadvertently blended during the extraction process, thus resulting in DNA mixtures. In this study, multiple tools coupled with adhesive microcarriers to collect single cells were evaluated. These were tested on epithelial (buccal) and sperm cells, as well as on touched items. Single cells were successfully collected but fingerprints were swabbed in their entirety to account for the extracellular DNA of these samples and the poor DNA quality of shed skin flakes. Furthermore, micromanipulation devices, such as the P.A.L.M.® and the Axio Zoom.V16 operated manually or with a robotic arm aureka®, were compared for their effectiveness in collecting cells. The P.A.L.M.® was suitable for single cell isolation when smeared on membrane slides. Manual or robotic manipulations, by utilizing the Axio Zoom.V16, have wider applications as they can be used to isolate cells from various substrates such as glass or membrane slides, tapes, or directly from the evidence. Manipulations using the Axio Zoom.V16, either with the robotic arm aureka® or manually, generated similar outcomes which were significantly better than the outcomes by using the P.A.L.M.®. Robotic manipulations using the aureka® produced more consistent results, but operating the aureka® required training and often needed re-calibrations. This made the process of cell manipulations slower than when manually operated. Our preferred method was the manual manipulations as it was fast, cost effective, required little training, but relied on a steady hand of the technician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Ostojic
- Department of Forensic Biology, Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, N.Y, 10016, USA
| | - Craig O'Connor
- Department of Forensic Biology, Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, N.Y, 10016, USA
| | - Elisa Wurmbach
- Department of Forensic Biology, Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, N.Y, 10016, USA.
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17
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Zhou X, Zhou L, Ge X, Guo X, Han J, Zhang Y, Yang H. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells Infected with Porcine Deltacoronavirus Using iTRAQ-Coupled LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4470-4485. [PMID: 33045833 PMCID: PMC7640975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emergent enteropathogenic coronavirus associated with swine diarrhea. Porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC) are the primary target cells of PDCoV infection in vivo. Here, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantitatively identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in PDCoV-infected IPEC-J2 cells. A total of 78 DEPs, including 23 upregulated and 55 downregulated proteins, were identified at 24 h postinfection. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD019975. To ensure reliability of the proteomics data, two randomly selected DEPs, the downregulated anaphase-promoting complex subunit 7 (ANAPC7) and upregulated interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT1), were verified by real-time PCR and Western blot, and the results of which indicate that the proteomics data were reliable and valid. Bioinformatics analyses, including GO, COG, KEGG, and STRING, further demonstrated that a majority of the DEPs are involved in numerous crucial biological processes and signaling pathways, such as immune system, digestive system, signal transduction, RIG-I-like receptor, mTOR, PI3K-AKT, autophagy, and cell cycle signaling pathways. Altogether, this is the first study on proteomes of PDCoV-infected host cells, which shall provide valuable clues for further investigation of PDCoV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jun Han
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Roohi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
| | - Pejman Soroosh
- Janssen R&D, Immunometabolism Unit, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
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19
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Tlili S, Durande M, Gay C, Ladoux B, Graner F, Delanoë-Ayari H. Migrating Epithelial Monolayer Flows Like a Maxwell Viscoelastic Liquid. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:088102. [PMID: 32909763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.088102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We perform a bidimensional Stokes experiment in an active cellular material: an autonomously migrating monolayer of Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells flows around a circular obstacle within a long and narrow channel, involving an interplay between cell shape changes and neighbor rearrangements. Based on image analysis of tissue flow and coarse-grained cell anisotropy, we determine the tissue strain rate, cell deformation, and rearrangement rate fields, which are spatially heterogeneous. We find that the cell deformation and rearrangement rate fields correlate strongly, which is compatible with a Maxwell viscoelastic liquid behavior (and not with a Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic solid behavior). The value of the associated relaxation time is measured as τ=70±15 min, is observed to be independent of obstacle size and division rate, and is increased by inhibiting myosin activity. In this experiment, the monolayer behaves as a flowing material with a Weissenberg number close to one which shows that both elastic and viscous effects can have comparable contributions in the process of collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tlili
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris-Diderot, CNRS UMR 7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Mechanobiology Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive, 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - M Durande
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris-Diderot, CNRS UMR 7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - C Gay
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris-Diderot, CNRS UMR 7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - B Ladoux
- Mechanobiology Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive, 1, 117411 Singapore
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris-Diderot, CNRS UMR 7592, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - F Graner
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris-Diderot, CNRS UMR 7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - H Delanoë-Ayari
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5306, Institut Lumière Matière, Campus LyonTech-La Doua, Kastler building, 10 rue Ada Byron, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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20
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Shen L, Du Y, Wei N, Li Q, Li S, Sun T, Xu S, Wang H, Man X, Han B. SERS studies on normal epithelial and cancer cells derived from clinical breast cancer specimens. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 237:118364. [PMID: 32361317 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy of single-cell suspensions obtained from fresh specimens of breast cancer tissue and normal breast tissue by mechanical enzymatic digestion was obtained and analysed, which is different from most Raman studies using breast cancer cell lines. Random forest classification was implemented to develop effective diagnostic algorithms for the classification of SERS of different typed cells. We first examined the SERS spectra of the primary breast cancer single cell and normal epithelial single cell obtained by flow sorting cytometry due to their biomarkers of CD326+/CD45-. Comparison analyses on their SERS spectra disclose that the nucleic acid and protein levels of the primary breast cancer single cell are higher than those of the normal epithelial single cell, while the lipids are at a relatively lower level. An important finding is that the cholesterol, palmitic acid, and sphingomyelin in the cancer cell profiles exhibit stronger than those of normal cells, while the glycans are at a relatively lower level. Furthermore, the standard deviation (SD) of the normal epithelial single cell is larger than that of the breast cancer cell, and the SD of the primary breast cancer single cell is more obvious than that of the normal epithelial cells. In addition, the prospective application of an algorithm to the dataset results in an accuracy of 78.2%, a precision of 75.5%, and a recall of 66.7%. The breast cancer diagnostic model laid a solid foundation for judgment of breast-conserving surgical margins and early diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiShengNan Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Na Wei
- Third Operating Room, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 13000, Jilin, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - SiMin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - TianMeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Institution of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - XiaXia Man
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China.
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21
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Loewe B, Chiang M, Marenduzzo D, Marchetti MC. Solid-Liquid Transition of Deformable and Overlapping Active Particles. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:038003. [PMID: 32745423 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.038003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Experiments and theory have shown that cell monolayers and epithelial tissues exhibit solid-liquid and glass-liquid transitions. These transitions are biologically relevant to our understanding of embryonic development, wound healing, and cancer. Current models of confluent epithelia have focused on the role of cell shape, with less attention paid to cell extrusion, which is key for maintaining homeostasis in biological tissue. Here, we use a multiphase field model to study the solid-liquid transition in a confluent monolayer of deformable cells. Cell overlap is allowed and provides a way for modeling the precursor for extrusion. When cells overlap rather than deform, we find that the melting transition changes from continuous to first order like, and that there is an intermittent regime close to the transition, where solid and liquid states alternate over time. By studying the dynamics of five- and sevenfold disclinations in the hexagonal lattice formed by the cell centers, we observe that these correlate with spatial fluctuations in the cellular overlap, and that cell extrusion tends to initiate near fivefold disclinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Loewe
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Michael Chiang
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Marenduzzo
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - M Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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22
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Angulo-Urarte A, van der Wal T, Huveneers S. Cell-cell junctions as sensors and transducers of mechanical forces. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2020; 1862:183316. [PMID: 32360073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial and endothelial monolayers are multicellular sheets that form barriers between the 'outside' and 'inside' of tissues. Cell-cell junctions, made by adherens junctions, tight junctions and desmosomes, hold together these monolayers. They form intercellular contacts by binding their receptor counterparts on neighboring cells and anchoring these structures intracellularly to the cytoskeleton. During tissue development, maintenance and pathogenesis, monolayers encounter a range of mechanical forces from the cells themselves and from external systemic forces, such as blood pressure or tissue stiffness. The molecular landscape of cell-cell junctions is diverse, containing transmembrane proteins that form intercellular bonds and a variety of cytoplasmic proteins that remodel the junctional connection to the cytoskeleton. Many junction-associated proteins participate in mechanotransduction cascades to confer mechanical cues into cellular responses that allow monolayers to maintain their structural integrity. We will discuss force-dependent junctional molecular events and their role in cell-cell contact organization and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Angulo-Urarte
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanne van der Wal
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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23
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Henkes S, Kostanjevec K, Collinson JM, Sknepnek R, Bertin E. Dense active matter model of motion patterns in confluent cell monolayers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1405. [PMID: 32179745 PMCID: PMC7075903 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell monolayers show remarkable displacement and velocity correlations over distances of ten or more cell sizes that are reminiscent of supercooled liquids and active nematics. We show that many observed features can be described within the framework of dense active matter, and argue that persistent uncoordinated cell motility coupled to the collective elastic modes of the cell sheet is sufficient to produce swirl-like correlations. We obtain this result using both continuum active linear elasticity and a normal modes formalism, and validate analytical predictions with numerical simulations of two agent-based cell models, soft elastic particles and the self-propelled Voronoi model together with in-vitro experiments of confluent corneal epithelial cell sheets. Simulations and normal mode analysis perfectly match when tissue-level reorganisation occurs on times longer than the persistence time of cell motility. Our analytical model quantitatively matches measured velocity correlation functions over more than a decade with a single fitting parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Henkes
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, United Kingdom.
| | - Kaja Kostanjevec
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - J Martin Collinson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Rastko Sknepnek
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, United Kingdom.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Eric Bertin
- Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
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24
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Valkonen M, Isola J, Ylinen O, Muhonen V, Saxlin A, Tolonen T, Nykter M, Ruusuvuori P. Cytokeratin-Supervised Deep Learning for Automatic Recognition of Epithelial Cells in Breast Cancers Stained for ER, PR, and Ki-67. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2020; 39:534-542. [PMID: 31398111 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2933656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of ER, PR, and Ki-67 are routinely used assays in breast cancer diagnostics. Determination of the proportion of stained cells (labeling index) should be restricted on malignant epithelial cells, carefully avoiding tumor infiltrating stroma and inflammatory cells. Here, we developed a deep learning based digital mask for automated epithelial cell detection using fluoro-chromogenic cytokeratin-Ki-67 double staining and sequential hematoxylin-IHC staining as training material. A partially pre-trained deep convolutional neural network was fine-tuned using image batches from 152 patient samples of invasive breast tumors. Validity of the trained digital epithelial cell masks was studied with 366 images captured from 98 unseen samples, by comparing the epithelial cell masks to cytokeratin images and by visual evaluation of the brightfield images performed by two pathologists. A good discrimination of epithelial cells was achieved (AUC of mean ROC = 0.93; defined as the area under mean receiver operating characteristics), and well in concordance with pathologists' visual assessment (4.01/5 and 4.67/5). The effect of epithelial cell masking on the Ki-67 labeling index was substantial. 52 tumor images initially classified as low proliferation (Ki-67 < 14%) without epithelial cell masking were re-classified as high proliferation (Ki-67 ≥ 14%) after applying the deep learning based epithelial cell mask. The digital epithelial cell masks were found applicable also to IHC of ER and PR. We conclude that deep learning can be applied to detect carcinoma cells in breast cancer samples stained with conventional brightfield IHC.
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25
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van der Velden JL, Alcorn JF, Chapman DG, Lundblad LKA, Irvin CG, Davis RJ, Butnor K, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Airway epithelial specific deletion of Jun-N-terminal kinase 1 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in two independent mouse models. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226904. [PMID: 31935227 PMCID: PMC6959564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress-induced kinase, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. However, the exact cell type(s) wherein JNK1 exerts its pro-fibrotic role(s) remained enigmatic. Herein we demonstrate prominent activation of JNK in bronchial epithelia using the mouse models of bleomycin- or AdTGFβ1-induced fibrosis. Furthermore, in lung tissues of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), active JNK was observed in various regions including type I and type II pneumocytes and fibroblasts. No JNK activity was observed in adjacent normal tissue or in normal control tissue. To address the role of epithelial JNK1, we ablated Jnk1 form bronchiolar and alveolar type II epithelial cells using CCSP-directed Cre recombinase-mediated ablation of LoxP-flanked Jnk1 alleles. Our results demonstrate that ablation of Jnk1 from airway epithelia resulted in a strong protection from bleomycin- or adenovirus expressing active transforming growth factor beta-1 (AdTGFβ1)-induced fibrosis. Ablation of the Jnk1 allele at a time when collagen increases were already present showed a reversal of existing increases in collagen content. Epithelial Jnk1 ablation resulted in attenuation of mesenchymal genes and proteins in lung tissue and preserved expression of epithelial genes. Collectively, these data suggest that epithelial JNK1 contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Given the presence of active JNK in lungs from patients with IPF, targeting JNK1 in airway epithelia may represent a potential treatment strategy to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos L. van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David G. Chapman
- Departments of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Lennart K. A. Lundblad
- Departments of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Charles G. Irvin
- Departments of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Roger J. Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelly Butnor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Yvonne M. W. Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Czajkowski M, Sussman DM, Marchetti MC, Manning ML. Glassy dynamics in models of confluent tissue with mitosis and apoptosis. Soft Matter 2019; 15:9133-9149. [PMID: 31674622 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00916g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent work on particle-based models of tissues has suggested that any finite rate of cell division and cell death is sufficient to fluidize an epithelial tissue. At the same time, experimental evidence has indicated the existence of glassy dynamics in some epithelial layers despite continued cell cycling. To address this discrepancy, we quantify the role of cell birth and death on glassy states in confluent tissues using simulations of an active vertex model that includes cell motility, cell division, and cell death. Our simulation data is consistent with a simple ansatz in which the rate of cell-life cycling and the rate of relaxation of the tissue in the absence of cell cycling contribute independently and additively to the overall rate of cell motion. Specifically, we find that a glass-like regime with caging behavior indicated by subdiffusive cell displacements can be achieved in systems with sufficiently low rates of cell cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Czajkowski
- Physics Department, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Daniel M Sussman
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - M Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - M Lisa Manning
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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27
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Liu Y, Xu GK, Zhang LY, Gao H. Stress-driven cell extrusion can maintain homeostatic cell density in response to overcrowding. Soft Matter 2019; 15:8441-8449. [PMID: 31465066 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues can become overcrowded during proliferation and growth, in which case excessive cells need to be constantly removed. Here, we employed a vertex dynamics model to explore the microscopic mechanisms that govern homeostasis in an overcrowded monolayer of epithelial cells. It is demonstrated that the monolayer under mechanical compression can maintain a constant cell density and an optimal stress level through cell extrusion. Interestingly, cells are always extruded at sites of stress singularity in the monolayer, which may be spontaneously generated through random movements of cell groups near the extruding cells, and the fluctuation of protein molecules aggregating along the cell surface facilitates the restoration of the monolayer to its equilibrium state. Our results provide a foundation to interpret recent experiments as well as shed light on the mechanisms that underlie epithelial development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- International Center for Applied Mechanics, SVL, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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28
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Helmus J, Poetsch J, Pfeifer M, Bajanowski T, Poetsch M. Cleaning a crime scene 2.0-what to do with the bloody knife after the crime? Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:171-175. [PMID: 31624925 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of DNA on washed items as well as the DNA transfer has become a major subject of research in recent years, especially after the detectability of minor DNA traces was heavily increased by sensitive analysis methods. Nowadays, the attribution of a DNA trace to an individual is only rarely questioned, whereas the way of application of this DNA to an item is subject to much discussion and speculation. Additionally, the removal of DNA by cleaning or its possible persistence on an item despite a cleaning process are often important problems in court. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DNA traces (blood, saliva, epithelial cells) on different objects (knives, plates, glasses, and plastic lids) can persist on the surface despite cleaning by different methods like hand-washing or the use of a dishwasher. In total, 120 samples were collected from artificially constructed blood, saliva, and epithelial cell stains on objects with smooth surfaces after washing and analyzed by STR amplification. Samples taken after rinsing or hand-washing resulted mainly in complete DNA profiles (62.5% of samples), while cleaning in the dishwasher rendered almost everything completely DNA-free. Since in the hand-washing experiments a secondary transfer of DNA through the water could not be ruled out, additional transfer experiments were conducted with blood and saliva samples on plates. Here, a carryover of DNA traces could be demonstrated up to the fifth washed item.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Helmus
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Jeremy Poetsch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuel Pfeifer
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bajanowski
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Micaela Poetsch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
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29
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Ibrahim D, Abdel-Maksoud FM. Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Features of the Seasonal Changes in the Epididymal Epithelium of Camel ( Camelus dromedarius). Microsc Microanal 2019; 25:1273-1282. [PMID: 31547896 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619014843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the influence of reproductive activity on the functional role of the epididymal epithelium in the Egyptian dromedary camel, Connexin-43 (Cx-43), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and androgen receptor (AR) immunoreactivity in the epididymal epithelium and the fine structure of the principal, dark, basal, apical, and halo cells were investigated. The secretory activity of the principal cells was amplified in the breeding season, while its endocytotic function became more active in the nonbreeding season. This was evidenced by punctate strong immunoreactive signals for Cx-43, which appeared to be more intense in the apical region of these epithelial cells, and the extremely long slender stereocilia (microvilli) with multiple junctional complexes. The nonbreeding principal cells revealed granular immunoreactive signals for VEGF scattered in the apical and basal cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, both extreme vacuolation and several multivesicular inclusion bodies were observed in their cytoplasm. Dark cell size greatly diminished in the nonbreeding season and their nuclear morphology greatly changed from oval to lobulated shape. The plasma membrane of the apical cells expressed several infoldings (microvilli) in the breeding season. However, it was almost smooth in the nonbreeding season except for a small microvillus that appeared as a bleb-like projection. In some regions, a strong dense immunoreactivity for VEGF could be recognized in the cytoplasm of the apical cells and some basal ones. Halo cells with numerous multivesicular inclusions occupying most of the cytoplasm and a lobulated eccentric nucleus were detected in the nonbreeding season. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the reproductive activity has a significant impact on the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural profiles of the epithelial cells lining the Egyptian dromedary camel epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ibrahim
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
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30
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Qi S, Wang Q, Xie B, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Xu Y. P38 MAPK signaling pathway mediates COM crystal-induced crystal adhesion change in rat renal tubular epithelial cells. Urolithiasis 2019; 48:9-18. [PMID: 31183507 PMCID: PMC6989645 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-019-01143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to clarify the mechanism of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway in the change of crystal adhesion in rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) induced by calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. NRK-52E cells were divided into COM crystal-treated group and control group according to whether the cell culture medium contains different concentrations of COM crystals. The concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase in the both group medium were determined after being cultured for 24 h. Protein and RNA were extracted from both cell groups after being cultured at different time points. SB239063, an inhibitor of the activation of p38 MAPK, was pretreated for 2 h before incubation with COM crystals. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were performed to confirm the expression levels of relative genes. All the experimental results were summarized and analyzed by SPSS 20.0 statistical analysis software. COM crystals (146 µg/cm2) could induce the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) significantly increased in NRK-52E cells. Compared with the control group cells, the transcription and translation levels of p38 MAPK-related molecule (such as p-p38) and adhesion molecules (such as osteopontin, hyaluronic acid and CD44) were significantly increased in COM crystal-treated cells and can be inhibited by SB239063 and NLRP3 gene silencing. This study demonstrated that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway mediated the COM crystal-induced crystal adhesion change in NRK-52E cells and required the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Qi
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China.
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31
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Wang H, Zong Q, Wang S, Zhao C, Wu S, Bao W. Genome-Wide DNA Methylome and Transcriptome Analysis of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells upon Deoxynivalenol Exposure. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:6423-6431. [PMID: 31013075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type of mycotoxin that is disruptive to intestinal and immune systems. To better understand the molecular effects of DON exposure, we performed genome-wide comparisons of DNA methylation and gene expression from porcine intestinal epithelial cell IPEC-J2 upon DON exposure using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and RNA-seq technologies. We characterized the methylation pattern changes and found 3030 differentially methylated regions. Moreover, 3226 genes showing differential expression were enriched in pathways of protein and nucleic acid synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. Integrative analysis identified 29 genes showing inverse correlations between promoter methylation and expression. Altered DNA methylation and expression of various genes suggested their roles and potential functional interactions upon DON exposure. Our data provided new insights into epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations of intestinal epithelial cells upon DON exposure and may advance the identification of biomarkers and drug targets for predicting and controlling the toxic effects of this common mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Qiufang Zong
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Shiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Chengxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
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Kalasin S, Browne E, Arcaro K, Santore MM. Surfaces that Adhesively Discriminate Breast Epithelial Cell Lines and Lymphocytes in Buffer and Human Breast Milk. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:16347-16356. [PMID: 31032616 PMCID: PMC6773258 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report new surface coatings that adhesively distinguish three breast epithelial cell lines (MCF-10A, MCF-7, and TMX2-28) when cell suspensions in buffer or breast milk are flowed over the coatings. We also report the selective capture of epithelial cells and rejection of Jurkat lymphocytes, with average selectivities exceeding 60 and captured cell purities often exceeding >99%. The surfaces achieve the dual goals of selective cell capture and resistance to fouling by proteins and other components of breast milk. The coatings do not rely on antibody targeting of cell surface markers but instead contain polycation chains embedded within a layer of end-tethered poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains. The PEG, somewhat shielding the polycations, prevents surface fouling by proteins, nondesired cells, and other milk components, while the polycations produce electrostatic attractions that are heterogeneous on nanoscopic length scales. These electrostatic heterogeneities on the engineered coating, shown to produce curvature-selective particle capture in other studies, produce cell selectivity here. The ability of the engineered surfaces to discriminate these cell lines via an electrostatic driving force is remarkable, as the cells are of very similar surface charge as evidenced by their nearly identical ζ-potentials. The current surfaces, which likely distinguish cells based on their electrostatic surface landscape combined with other factors, adhesively distinguish cell lines that may differ only slightly in their expression of a surface marker, or cancer cells that minimally express EpCAM but which have different distributions of electrostatic charge on their surfaces. These surfaces are among the first to be documented for the compatibility of a polymer brush with human breast milk and may find use in technologies that capture cells from human breast milk or other complex fluids for cancer risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kalasin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - E.P. Browne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - K.F. Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - M. M. Santore
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003
- Contact:
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Xu Q, Liu H, Zhao F, Wu Y, Huang X, Liu Z, Liu J. Mechanism of peptide absorption in the isolated forestomach epithelial cells of dairy cows. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:100-108. [PMID: 29797328 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptide absorption from the forestomach plays a vital role in protein nutrition of dairy cows. This study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of dipeptide absorption in the forestomach of dairy cows using isolated omasal epithelial cells (OECs) and ruminal epithelial cells (RECs). RESULTS Compared with RECs, the OECs formed a less tight monolayer, but had greater ability to transport glycylsarcosine (Gly-Sar) (P < 0.05). The OEC monolayers were immunopositive for the antibodies of anti-junction proteins. Gly-Sar transport was significantly greater at 37 °C than that at 4 °C, with an optimal pH of 6.0-6.5, and was decreased significantly by diethylpyrocarbonate and dipeptide Met-Gly (P < 0.05). The apical-to-basolateral transport was significantly greater than basolateral-to-apical transport (P < 0.05). Knockdown of peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) resulted in less Gly-Sar uptake in OECs, whereas overexpression of PepT1 in OECs resulted in higher Gly-Sar uptake (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of PepT1 was upregulated by the treatment with various dipeptides (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The OECs have a greater ability to transport Gly-Sar than RECs do. Both passive and active routes are involved in the process of Gly-Sar absorption in the isolated cultured forestomach epithelial cells from dairy cows. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbiao Xu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Lactation and Metabolic Physiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Yueming Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinbei Huang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhixuan Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the expression profile, transport kinetics, and regulation of peptide transporters in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Quantitative reverse-transcription real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were used to investigate the expression of peptide transporters in bovine mammary tissues. The effects of time, pH, concentration, and specific inhibitors on β-alanyl-l-lysyl- Nε-7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin-3-acetic acid (β-Ala-Lys-AMCA) uptake in BMECs were also studied. The results showed that the peptide transporters PepT2 and PhT1 are both expressed in bovine mammary glands. The optimal pH for the uptake of β-Ala-Lys-AMCA in BMECs was 6.5. The transport-kinetics study suggested that the uptake of β-Ala-Lys-AMCA in BMECs is saturable over the tested concentration, with a Km value of 82 ± 18 μM and a Vmax of 124 ± 11 pmol/min per milligram of protein. Other dipeptides, including Gly-Sar, Met-Gly, and Met-Met, competitively inhibited β-Ala-Lys-AMCA uptake in BMECs. However, histidine had no effect on β-Ala-Lys-AMCA uptake. Furthermore, knocking down PepT2 could significantly reduce β-Ala-Lys-AMCA uptake, but PhT1 interference had no effect on peptide uptake in BMECs. The inhibition of PI3K and Akt decreased the uptake of β-Ala-Lys-AMCA. The above results revealed functional characteristics of peptide transporters and demonstrated that PepT2 may play a major role in β-Ala-Lys-AMCA uptake in BMECs. Moreover, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may regulate the uptake of β-Ala-Lys-AMCA in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Yalu Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , University of Vermont , Burlington , Vermont 05405 , United States
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
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Luo C, Zhao S, Dai W, Zheng N, Wang J. Proteomic Analysis of Lysosomal Membrane Proteins in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Illuminates Potential Novel Lysosome Functions in Lactation. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:13041-13049. [PMID: 30499671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lactation of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) is a complex biological process that involves in various organelles. Studies have shown that lysosome and lysosomal membrane proteins (LMP) plays an important role in lactation of BMEC. But the LMP of BMEC remains poorly understood. To obtain a global view of the LMP of BMEC and the affect of lysosome on lactation, the LMP of BMEC was identified using sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (LC-SWATH/MS). 1214 LMP were identified and 559 were reported to be localized on lysosomal membrane for the first time in BMEC. Gene ontology annotation of these identified proteins showed that both previously reported casein synthesis-related LMP, such as LAMTOR1, 2, 3, and rRagC, and newly identified casein and milk fat synthesis-related LMP, such as EIF4E and ACAA1, were found. KEGG pathway analysis of these identified proteins showed that some pathways involved in lactation, such as PI3K-Akt, mTOR, insulin, PPAR, and JAK-STAT pathway, were found. The lysosomal location of five proteins (PRKCA, EIF4E, ACAA1, HRAS, and THBS1) was analyzed by laser confocal microscopy, and all five were associated with the lysosomal membrane. These findings help to elucidate lysosome functions in the regulation of lactation. The results implicate lysosomes as important organelles in regulation of lactation of BMEC that have been previously undervalued.
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Su T, Grady JP, Afshar S, McDonald SAC, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM, Greaves LC. Inherited pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations and gastrointestinal stem cell populations. J Pathol 2018; 246:427-432. [PMID: 30146801 PMCID: PMC6282723 DOI: 10.1002/path.5156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause mitochondrial disease, but mtDNA mutations also occur somatically and accumulate during ageing. Studies have shown that the mutation load of some inherited mtDNA mutations decreases over time in blood, suggesting selection against the mutation. However, it is unknown whether such selection occurs in other mitotic tissues, and where it occurs within the tissue. Gastrointestinal epithelium is a canonical mitotic tissue rapidly renewed by stem cells. Intestinal crypts (epithelium) undergo monoclonal conversion with a single stem cell taking over the niche and producing progeny. We show: (1) that there is a significantly lower mtDNA mutation load in the mitotic epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract when compared to the smooth muscle in the same tissue in patients with the pathogenic m.3243A>G and m.8344A>G mutations; (2) that there is considerable variation seen in individual crypts, suggesting changes in the stem cell population; (3) that this lower mutation load is reflected in the absence of a defect in oxidative phosphorylation in the epithelium. This suggests that there is selection against inherited mtDNA mutations in the gastrointestinal stem cells that is in marked contrast to the somatic mtDNA mutations that accumulate with age in epithelial stem cells leading to a biochemical defect. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Su
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - John P Grady
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Sorena Afshar
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Stuart AC McDonald
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- LLHW Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, The Medical SchoolNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Laura C Greaves
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- LLHW Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, The Medical SchoolNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Zeng C, Vanoni S, Wu D, Caldwell JM, Wheeler JC, Arora K, Noah TK, Waggoner L, Besse JA, Yamani AN, Uddin J, Rochman M, Wen T, Chehade M, Collins MH, Mukkada VA, Putnam PE, Naren AP, Rothenberg ME, Hogan SP. Solute carrier family 9, subfamily A, member 3 (SLC9A3)/sodium-hydrogen exchanger member 3 (NHE3) dysregulation and dilated intercellular spaces in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1843-1855. [PMID: 29729938 PMCID: PMC6448407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is characterized by histopathologic modifications of esophageal tissue, including eosinophil-rich inflammation, basal zone hyperplasia, and dilated intercellular spaces (DIS). The underlying molecular processes that drive the histopathologic features of EoE remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the involvement of solute carrier family 9, subfamily A, member 3 (SLC9A3) in esophageal epithelial intracellular pH (pHi) and DIS formation and the histopathologic features of EoE. METHODS We examined expression of esophageal epithelial gene networks associated with regulation of pHi in the EoE transcriptome of primary esophageal epithelial cells and an in vitro esophageal epithelial 3-dimensional model system (EPC2-ALI). Molecular and cellular analyses and ion transport assays were used to evaluate the expression and function of SLC9A3. RESULTS We identified altered expression of gene networks associated with regulation of pHi and acid-protective mechanisms in esophageal biopsy specimens from pediatric patients with EoE (healthy subjects, n = 6; patients with EoE, n = 10). The most dysregulated gene central to regulating pHi was SLC9A3. SLC9A3 expression was increased within the basal layer of esophageal biopsy specimens from patients with EoE, and expression positively correlated with disease severity (eosinophils/high-power field) and DIS (healthy subjects, n = 10; patients with EoE, n = 10). Analyses of esophageal epithelial cells revealed IL-13-induced, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6-dependent SLC9A3 expression and Na+-dependent proton secretion and that SLC9A3 activity correlated positively with DIS formation. Finally, we showed that IL-13-mediated, Na+-dependent proton secretion was the primary intracellular acid-protective mechanism within the esophageal epithelium and that blockade of SLC9A3 transport abrogated IL-13-induced DIS formation. CONCLUSIONS SLC9A3 plays a functional role in DIS formation, and pharmacologic interventions targeting SLC9A3 function may suppress the histopathologic manifestations in patients with EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zeng
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Simone Vanoni
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Wu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Julie M Caldwell
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Justin C Wheeler
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kavisha Arora
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Taeko K Noah
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa Waggoner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John A Besse
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amnah N Yamani
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jazib Uddin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark Rochman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ting Wen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mirna Chehade
- Mount Sinai Center for Eosinophilic Disorders, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Margaret H Collins
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Vincent A Mukkada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Philip E Putnam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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Rijal G, Wang J, Yu I, Gang DR, Chen RK, Li W. Porcine Breast Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel for Spatial Tissue Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102912. [PMID: 30257480 PMCID: PMC6213433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine mammary fatty tissues represent an abundant source of natural biomaterial for generation of breast-specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we report the extraction of total ECM proteins from pig breast fatty tissues, the fabrication of hydrogel and porous scaffolds from the extracted ECM proteins, the structural properties of the scaffolds (tissue matrix scaffold, TMS), and the applications of the hydrogel in human mammary epithelial cell spatial cultures for cell surface receptor expression, metabolomics characterization, acini formation, proliferation, migration between different scaffolding compartments, and in vivo tumor formation. This model system provides an additional option for studying human breast diseases such as breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girdhari Rijal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA.
| | - Jing Wang
- Tissue Imaging and Proteomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Ilhan Yu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - David R Gang
- Tissue Imaging and Proteomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Roland K Chen
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA.
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Sabino M, Cappelli K, Capomaccio S, Pascucci L, Biasato I, Verini-Supplizi A, Valiani A, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Dietary supplementation with olive mill wastewaters induces modifications on chicken jejunum epithelial cell transcriptome and modulates jejunum morphology. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:576. [PMID: 30068314 PMCID: PMC6090849 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthier food habits and olive oil is one of its key components. Olive oil polyphenols are known to induce beneficial effects in several pathological conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, and to contrast the proliferation of cancer cells or hypercholesterolemia. Polyphenols are also present in waste products derived from the olive industry: olive mill wastewaters (OMWW) are rich in polyphenols and there is an increasing interest in using OMWW in animal nutrition. OMWW are attributed with positive effects in promoting chicken performance and the quality of food-derived products. However, a tissue-specific transcriptome target analysis of chickens fed with OMWW has never been attempted. RESULTS We explored the effect of dietary OMWW on the intestinal function in broilers. A morphological analysis of the jejunum revealed that OMWW reduced crypt depth, whereas no significant modifications were observed for villus height and the villus height/crypt depth ratio. An RNA Sequencing analysis was performed on isolated, intestinal, epithelial cells and 280 differentially expressed genes were found using a count-based approach. An enrichment analysis revealed that the majority of up regulated genes in the OMWW group were over-represented by the regulation of viral genome replication-related GO-Terms, whereas down regulated genes were mainly involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed how an industrial waste product can be recycled as a feed additive with a positive relapse. OMWW dietary supplementation can be a nutritional strategy to improve chicken performance and health, prevent intestinal damage, enhance innate immunity and regulate cholesterol metabolism and fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Sabino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Andrea Verini-Supplizi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Valiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Via Gaetano Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Barrera V, Troughton LD, Iorio V, Liu S, Oyewole O, Sheridan CM, Hamill KJ. Differential Distribution of Laminin N-Terminus α31 Across the Ocular Surface: Implications for Corneal Wound Repair. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:4082-4093. [PMID: 30098195 PMCID: PMC6735649 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Laminin N-terminus (LaNt) α31 is a relatively unstudied protein derived from the laminin α3 gene but structurally similar to netrins. LaNt α31 has, to date, been investigated only in two-dimensional (2D) keratinocyte culture where it influences cell migration and adhesion, processes integral to wound repair. Here we investigated LaNt α31 distribution in ocular surface epithelium, during limbal stem cell activation, and corneal wound healing. Methods Human, mouse, and pig eyes, ex vivo limbal explant cultures, and alkali burn wounds were processed for immunohistochemistry with antibodies against LaNt α31 along with progenitor cell-associated proteins. LaNt α31 expression was induced via adenoviral transduction into primary epithelial cells isolated from limbal explants, and cell spreading and migration were analyzed using live imaging. Results LaNt α31 localized to the basal layer of the conjunctival, limbal, and corneal epithelial cells. However, staining was nonuniform with apparent subpopulation enrichment, and some suprabasal reactivity was also noted. This LaNt α31 distribution largely matched that of keratin 15, epidermal growth factor receptor, and transformation-related protein 63α (p63α), and displayed similar increases in expression in activated limbal explants. During active alkali burn wound repair, LaNt α31 displayed increased expression in limbal regions and loss of basal restriction within the cornea. Distribution returned to predominately basal cell restricted once the wounded epithelium matured. Cultured corneal epithelial cells expressing LaNt α31 displayed increased 2D area and reduced migration, suggesting a functional link between this protein and key wound repair activities. Conclusions These data place LaNt α31 in position to influence laminin-dependent processes including wound repair and stem cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Barrera
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lee D. Troughton
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Iorio
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Siyin Liu
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Olutobi Oyewole
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carl M. Sheridan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Hamill
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Antonelli MS, Mallel G, Pecoraro A, Vitale V, Maggi S, Lombardi A, Stanzani G, Amanti C. Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: case report and literature review. G Chir 2018; 39:255-257. [PMID: 30039795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenomyoepithelioma are uncommon tumors. The majority of them occur in women in the fifth and sixth decades who usually present with a self-palpated, solitary breast mass or a lesion identified on mammography. We report the case of adenomyoepithelioma of the breast with malignant transformation of both myoepitheliel and epithelial components diagnosed as malignancy during the preoperative stage in a seventy-six year old woman.
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Takahashi C, Miyatake K, Kusakabe M, Nishida E. The atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK3 is essential for establishment of epithelial architecture. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8342-8361. [PMID: 29674317 PMCID: PMC5986203 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelia contribute to physical barriers that protect internal tissues from the external environment and also support organ structure. Accordingly, establishment and maintenance of epithelial architecture are essential for both embryonic development and adult physiology. Here, using gene knockout and knockdown techniques along with gene profiling, we show that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3), a poorly characterized atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), regulates the epithelial architecture in vertebrates. We found that in Xenopus embryonic epidermal epithelia, ERK3 knockdown impairs adherens and tight-junction protein distribution, as well as tight-junction barrier function, resulting in epidermal breakdown. Moreover, in human epithelial breast cancer cells, inhibition of ERK3 expression induced thickened epithelia with aberrant adherens and tight junctions. Results from microarray analyses suggested that transcription factor AP-2α (TFAP2A), a transcriptional regulator important for epithelial gene expression, is involved in ERK3-dependent changes in gene expression. Of note, TFAP2A knockdown phenocopied ERK3 knockdown in both Xenopus embryos and human cells, and ERK3 was required for full activation of TFAP2A-dependent transcription. Our findings reveal that ERK3 regulates epithelial architecture, possibly together with TFAP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Takahashi
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan and
| | - Koichi Miyatake
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan and
| | - Morioh Kusakabe
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan and
| | - Eisuke Nishida
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan and
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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Chen D, Fang L, Li H, Jin C. The effects of acetaldehyde exposure on histone modifications and chromatin structure in human lung bronchial epithelial cells. Environ Mol Mutagen 2018; 59:375-385. [PMID: 29569274 PMCID: PMC6031465 DOI: 10.1002/em.22187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As the primary metabolite of alcohol and the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke, acetaldehyde is linked to a number of human diseases associated with chronic alcohol consumption and smoking including cancers. In addition to direct DNA damage as a result of the formation of acetaldehyde-DNA adducts, acetaldehyde may also indirectly impact proper genome function through the formation of protein adducts. Histone proteins are the major component of the chromatin. Post-translational histone modifications (PTMs) are critically important for the maintenance of genetic and epigenetic stability. However, little is known about how acetaldehyde-histone adducts affect histone modifications and chromatin structure. The results of protein carbonyl assays suggest that acetaldehyde forms adducts with histone proteins in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The level of acetylation for N-terminal tails of cytosolic histones H3 and H4, an important modification for histone nuclear import and chromatin assembly, is significantly downregulated following acetaldehyde exposure in BEAS-2B cells, possibly due to the formation of histone adducts and/or the decrease in the expression of histone acetyltransferases. Notably, the level of nucleosomal histones in the chromatin fraction and at most of the genomic loci we tested are low in acetaldehyde-treated cells as compared with the control cells, which is suggestive of inhibition of chromatin assembly. Moreover, acetaldehyde exposure perturbs chromatin structure as evidenced by the increase in general chromatin accessibility and the decrease in nucleosome occupancy at genomic loci following acetaldehyde treatment. Our results indicate that regulation of histone modifications and chromatin accessibility may play important roles in acetaldehyde-induced pathogenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:375-385, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Lei Fang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
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Blanch-Mercader C, Yashunsky V, Garcia S, Duclos G, Giomi L, Silberzan P. Turbulent Dynamics of Epithelial Cell Cultures. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:208101. [PMID: 29864293 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.208101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the large length and long time scales collective flows and structural rearrangements within in vitro human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) cultures. Activity-driven collective flows result in ensembles of vortices randomly positioned in space. By analyzing a large population of vortices, we show that their area follows an exponential law with a constant mean value and their rotational frequency is size independent, both being characteristic features of the chaotic dynamics of active nematic suspensions. Indeed, we find that HBECs self-organize in nematic domains of several cell lengths. Nematic defects are found at the interface between domains with a total number that remains constant due to the dynamical balance of nucleation and annihilation events. The mean velocity fields in the vicinity of defects are well described by a hydrodynamic theory of extensile active nematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blanch-Mercader
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University-Sorbonne Université, UPMC-CNRS-Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - V Yashunsky
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University-Sorbonne Université, UPMC-CNRS-Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Garcia
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University-Sorbonne Université, UPMC-CNRS-Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G Duclos
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University-Sorbonne Université, UPMC-CNRS-Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L Giomi
- Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Silberzan
- Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University-Sorbonne Université, UPMC-CNRS-Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
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Kim CS, Ahmad S, Wu T, Walton WG, Redinbo MR, Tarran R. SPLUNC1 is an allosteric modulator of the epithelial sodium channel. FASEB J 2018; 32:2478-2491. [PMID: 29295861 PMCID: PMC5901381 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701126r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common genetic disease with significantly increased mortality. CF airways exhibit ion transport abnormalities, including hyperactivity of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). Short-palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is a multifunctional innate defense protein that is secreted into the airway lumen. We have previously demonstrated that SPLUNC1 binds to and inhibits ENaC to maintain fluid homeostasis in airway epithelia and that this process fails in CF airways. Despite this, how SPLUNC1 actually regulates ENaC is unknown. Here, we found that SPLUNC1 caused αγ-ENaC to internalize, whereas SPLUNC1 and β-ENaC remained at the plasma membrane. Additional studies revealed that SPLUNC1 increased neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4-2-dependent ubiquitination of α- but not β- or γ-ENaC. We also labeled intracellular ENaC termini with green fluorescent protein and mCherry, and found that extracellular SPLUNC1 altered intracellular ENaC Forster resonance energy transfer. Taken together, our data indicate that SPLUNC1 is an allosteric regulator of ENaC that dissociates αβγ-ENaC to generate a new SPLUNC1-β-ENaC complex. These data indicate a novel mode for regulating ENaC at the plasma membrane.-Kim, C. S., Ahmad, S., Wu, T., Walton, W. G., Redinbo, M. R., Tarran, R. SPLUNC1 is an allosteric modulator of the epithelial sodium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Seulki Kim
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saira Ahmad
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tongde Wu
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William G. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Ribeiro-Silva A, Zambelli Ramalho LN, Zucoloto S. Phyllodes Tumor with Osteosarcomatous Differentiation: A Comparative Immunohistochemical Study between Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cells. Tumori 2018; 92:340-6. [PMID: 17036527 DOI: 10.1177/030089160609200414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Phyllodes tumor of the breast with osteosarcomatous differentiation is rare and very little is known about its molecular profile. Methods and study design An immunohistochemical panel with 37 primary antibodies including cytokeratins, mesenchymal markers, key regulators of the cell cycle, oncogenes, apoptosis-related proteins, metalloproteinases and their inhibitors was performed on a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sample of phyllodes tumor with osteosarcomatous differentiation in a 49-year-old woman. Results Antiapoptotic stimuli (survivin) predominated in sarcomatous cells. Antiproteolytic stimuli (TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and PAI) were preponderant in all cells, a surprising fact in view of the aggressiveness of the neoplasm. The immunoprofile of the osteoblastic and stromal cells was quite similar, except for c-erbB-3, c-myc, cyclin D1 and p21. Both exhibited positive cells for actin, MyoD1 and GFAP. Conclusions Our results suggest that this osteosarcoma may have originated from metaplasia of stromal cells that underwent a malignant change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ribeiro-Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirdo Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Manda B, Mir H, Gangwar R, Meena AS, Amin S, Shukla PK, Dalal K, Suzuki T, Rao R. Phosphorylation hotspot in the C-terminal domain of occludin regulates the dynamics of epithelial junctional complexes. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs206789. [PMID: 29507118 PMCID: PMC5963837 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical junctional complex (AJC), which includes tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs), determines the epithelial polarity, cell-cell adhesion and permeability barrier. An intriguing characteristic of a TJ is the dynamic nature of its multiprotein complex. Occludin is the most mobile TJ protein, but its significance in TJ dynamics is poorly understood. On the basis of phosphorylation sites, we distinguished a sequence in the C-terminal domain of occludin as a regulatory motif (ORM). Deletion of ORM and expression of a deletion mutant of occludin in renal and intestinal epithelia reduced the mobility of occludin at the TJs. ORM deletion attenuated Ca2+ depletion, osmotic stress and hydrogen peroxide-induced disruption of TJs, AJs and the cytoskeleton. The double point mutations T403A/T404A, but not T403D/T404D, in occludin mimicked the effects of ORM deletion on occludin mobility and AJC disruption by Ca2+ depletion. Both Y398A/Y402A and Y398D/Y402D double point mutations partially blocked AJC disruption. Expression of a deletion mutant of occludin attenuated collective cell migration in the renal and intestinal epithelia. Overall, this study reveals the role of ORM and its phosphorylation in occludin mobility, AJC dynamics and epithelial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Manda
- Departments of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 3 North Dunlap, Memphis, TN, 38103 USA
| | - Hina Mir
- Departments of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 3 North Dunlap, Memphis, TN, 38103 USA
| | - Ruchika Gangwar
- Departments of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 3 North Dunlap, Memphis, TN, 38103 USA
| | - Avtar S Meena
- Departments of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 3 North Dunlap, Memphis, TN, 38103 USA
| | - Shrunali Amin
- Departments of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 3 North Dunlap, Memphis, TN, 38103 USA
| | - Pradeep K Shukla
- Departments of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 3 North Dunlap, Memphis, TN, 38103 USA
| | - Kesha Dalal
- Departments of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 3 North Dunlap, Memphis, TN, 38103 USA
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Departments of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 3 North Dunlap, Memphis, TN, 38103 USA
| | - RadhaKrishna Rao
- Departments of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 3 North Dunlap, Memphis, TN, 38103 USA
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48
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Khan AZ, Utheim TP, Reppe S, Sandvik L, Lyberg T, Roald BBH, Ibrahim IB, Eidet JR. Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (hRPE) Sheets: A Search for Suitable Storage Conditions. Microsc Microanal 2018; 24:147-155. [PMID: 29637873 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of human retinal pigment epithelial cell (hRPE) replacement therapy is partly dependent on optimization of cell culture, cell preservation, and storage medium. This study was undertaken to search for a suitable storage temperature and storage medium for hRPE. hRPE monolayer sheets were cultured under standard conditions at 37°C and then randomized for storage at six temperatures (4, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 37°C) for 7 days. After revealing a suitable storage temperature, hRPE sheets were subsequently stored with and without the silk protein sericin added to the storage medium. Live/dead assay, light microscopy, pH, and phenotypic expression of various proteins were used to assess cell cultures stored at different temperatures. After 7 days of storage, hRPE morphology was best preserved at 4°C. Addition of sericin to the storage medium maintained the characteristic morphology of the preserved cells, and improved pigmentation and levels of pigmentation-related proteins in the cultured hRPE sheets following a 7-day storage period at 4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyad Z Khan
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry,Oslo University Hospital,Kirkeveien 166,P.O. Box 4956,Nydalen,0424 Oslo,Norway
| | - Tor P Utheim
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry,Oslo University Hospital,Kirkeveien 166,P.O. Box 4956,Nydalen,0424 Oslo,Norway
| | - Sjur Reppe
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry,Oslo University Hospital,Kirkeveien 166,P.O. Box 4956,Nydalen,0424 Oslo,Norway
| | - Leiv Sandvik
- 10Department of Periodontology,Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry,University of Oslo,Sognsvannsveien 10,P.O. Box 1052,0316 Oslo,Norway
| | - Torstein Lyberg
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry,Oslo University Hospital,Kirkeveien 166,P.O. Box 4956,Nydalen,0424 Oslo,Norway
| | - Borghild B-H Roald
- 2Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,University of Oslo,P.O. Box 1171,Blindern,0318 Oslo,Norway
| | - Ibrahim B Ibrahim
- 2Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,University of Oslo,P.O. Box 1171,Blindern,0318 Oslo,Norway
| | - Jon R Eidet
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry,Oslo University Hospital,Kirkeveien 166,P.O. Box 4956,Nydalen,0424 Oslo,Norway
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Tabak S, Schreiber‐Avissar S, Beit‐Yannai E. Extracellular vesicles have variable dose-dependent effects on cultured draining cells in the eye. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1992-2000. [PMID: 29411534 PMCID: PMC5824413 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as signal mediators has been described in many biological fields. How many EVs are needed to deliver the desired physiological signal is yet unclear. Using a normal trabecular meshwork (NTM) cell culture exposed to non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE)-derived EVs, a relevant model for studying the human ocular drainage system, we addressed the EVs dose-response effects on the Wnt signaling. The objective of the study was to investigate the dosing effects of NPCE-derived EVs on TM Wnt signaling. EVs were isolated by PEG 8000 method from NPCE and RPE cells (used as controls) conditioned media. Concentrations were determined by Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing method. Various exosomes concentration were incubated with TM cells, for the determination of mRNA (β-Catenin, Axin2 and LEF1) and protein (β-Catenin, GSK-3β) expression using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. Exposure of NTM cells for 8 hrs to low EVs concentrations was associated with a significant decreased expression of β-Catenin, GSK-3β, as opposed to exposure to high exosomal concentrations. Pro-MMP9 and MMP9 activities were significantly enhanced in NTM cells treated with high EV concentrations of (X10) as compared to low EV concentrations of either NPCE- or RPE-derived EVs and to untreated control. Our data support the concept that EVs biological effects are concentration-dependent at their target site. Specifically in the present study, we described a general dose-response at the gene and MMPs activity and a different dose-response regarding key canonical Wnt proteins expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Tabak
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology DepartmentThe Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Sofia Schreiber‐Avissar
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology DepartmentThe Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Elie Beit‐Yannai
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology DepartmentThe Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
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Gerdes MJ, Gökmen-Polar Y, Sui Y, Pang AS, LaPlante N, Harris AL, Tan PH, Ginty F, Badve SS. Single-cell heterogeneity in ductal carcinoma in situ of breast. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:406-417. [PMID: 29148540 PMCID: PMC6192037 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous patterns of mutations and RNA expression have been well documented in invasive cancers. However, technological challenges have limited the ability to study heterogeneity of protein expression. This is particularly true for pre-invasive lesions such as ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Cell-level heterogeneity in ductal carcinoma in situ was analyzed in a single 5 μm tissue section using a multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis of 11 disease-related markers (EGFR, HER2, HER4, S6, pmTOR, CD44v6, SLC7A5 and CD10, CD4, CD8 and CD20, plus pan-cytokeratin, pan-cadherin, DAPI, and Na+K+ATPase for cell segmentation). Expression was quantified at cell level using a single-cell segmentation algorithm. K-means clustering was used to determine co-expression patterns of epithelial cell markers and immune markers. We document for the first time the presence of epithelial cell heterogeneity within ducts, between ducts and between patients with ductal carcinoma in situ. There was moderate heterogeneity in a distribution of eight clusters within each duct (average Shannon index 0.76; range 0-1.61). Furthermore, within each patient, the average Shannon index across all ducts ranged from 0.33 to 1.02 (s.d. 0.09-0.38). As the distribution of clusters within ducts was uneven, the analysis of eight ducts might be sufficient to represent all the clusters ie within- and between-duct heterogeneity. The pattern of epithelial cell clustering was associated with the presence and type of immune infiltrates, indicating a complex interaction between the epithelial tumor and immune system for each patient. This analysis also provides the first evidence that simultaneous analysis of both the epithelial and immune/stromal components might be necessary to understand the complex milieu in ductal carcinoma in situ lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gerdes
- GE Global Research, Diagnostics, Imaging and Biotechnology (DIBT), Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Yesim Gökmen-Polar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yunxia Sui
- GE Global Research, Diagnostics, Imaging and Biotechnology (DIBT), Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology, Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Puay-Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Fiona Ginty
- GE Global Research, Diagnostics, Imaging and Biotechnology (DIBT), Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Sunil S Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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