1
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Api AM, Bartlett A, Belsito D, Botelho D, Bruze M, Bryant-Freidrich A, Burton GA, Cancellieri MA, Chon H, Dagli ML, Dekant W, Deodhar C, Farrell K, Fryer AD, Jones L, Joshi K, Lapczynski A, Lavelle M, Lee I, Moustakas H, Muldoon J, Penning TM, Ritacco G, Sadekar N, Schember I, Schultz TW, Siddiqi F, Sipes IG, Sullivan G, Thakkar Y, Tokura Y. RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, acetaldehyde ethyl cis-3-hexenyl acetal, CAS Registry Number 28069-74-1. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183 Suppl 1:114459. [PMID: 38253283 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A Bartlett
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D Belsito
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - D Botelho
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Bruze
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo, SE, 20502, Sweden
| | - A Bryant-Freidrich
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 42 W. Warren Ave., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - G A Burton
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Dana Building G110, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 58109, USA
| | - M A Cancellieri
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - H Chon
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M L Dagli
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - W Dekant
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Deodhar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - K Farrell
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A D Fryer
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - L Jones
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - K Joshi
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A Lapczynski
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Lavelle
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - I Lee
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - H Moustakas
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - J Muldoon
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - T M Penning
- Member of Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, 1316 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3083, USA
| | - G Ritacco
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - N Sadekar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - I Schember
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - T W Schultz
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996- 4500, USA
| | - F Siddiqi
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - I G Sipes
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA
| | - G Sullivan
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA.
| | - Y Thakkar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - Y Tokura
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, The Journal of Dermatological Science (JDS), Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
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2
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Ma H, Lou K, Shu Q, Song X, Xu H. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency reinforces formaldehyde-potentiated pro-inflammatory responses and glycolysis in macrophages. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23518. [PMID: 37638564 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) deficiency caused by genetic variant is present in more than 560 million people of East Asian descent, which can be identified by apparent facial flushing from acetaldehyde accumulation after consuming alcohol. Recent findings indicated that ALDH2 also played a critical role in detoxification of formaldehyde (FA). Our previous studies showed that FA could enhance macrophagic inflammatory responses through the induction of HIF-1α-dependent glycolysis. In the present study, pro-inflammatory responses and glycolysis promoted by 0.5 mg/m3 FA were found in mice with Aldh2 gene knockout, which was confirmed in the primary macrophages isolated from Aldh2 gene knockout mice treated with 50 μM FA. FA at 50 and 100 μM also induced stronger dose-dependent increases of pro-inflammatory responses and glycolysis in RAW264.7 murine macrophages with knock-down of ALDH2, and the enhanced effects induced by 50 μM FA was alleviated by inhibition of HIF-1α in RAW264.7 macrophages with ALDH2 knock-down. Collectively, these results clearly demonstrated that ALDH2 deficiency reinforced pro-inflammatory responses and glycolysis in macrophages potentiated by environmentally relevant concentration of FA, which may increase the susceptibility to inflammation and immunotoxicity induced by environmental FA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyan Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Song
- Medical Laboratory Department, Hua Shan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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3
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Cartus AT, Lachenmeier DW, Guth S, Roth A, Baum M, Diel P, Eisenbrand G, Engeli B, Hellwig M, Humpf HU, Joost HG, Kulling SE, Lampen A, Marko D, Steinberg P, Wätjen W, Hengstler JG, Mally A. Acetaldehyde as a Food Flavoring Substance: Aspects of Risk Assessment. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200661. [PMID: 37840378 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) has reviewed the currently available data in order to assess the health risks associated with the use of acetaldehyde as a flavoring substance in foods. Acetaldehyde is genotoxic in vitro. Following oral intake of ethanol or inhalation exposure to acetaldehyde, systemic genotoxic effects of acetaldehyde in vivo cannot be ruled out (induction of DNA adducts and micronuclei). At present, the key question of whether acetaldehyde is genotoxic and mutagenic in vivo after oral exposure cannot be answered conclusively. There is also insufficient data on human exposure. Consequently, it is currently not possible to reliably assess the health risk associated with the use of acetaldehyde as a flavoring substance. However, considering the genotoxic potential of acetaldehyde as well as numerous data gaps that need to be filled to allow a comprehensive risk assessment, the SKLM considers that the use of acetaldehyde as a flavoring may pose a safety concern. For reasons of precautionary consumer protection, the SKLM recommends that the scientific base for approval of the intentional addition of acetaldehyde to foods as a flavoring substance should be reassessed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weißenburger Str. 3, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine Guth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardeystr, 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Angelika Roth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardeystr, 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Baum
- Solenis Germany Industries GmbH, Fütingsweg 20, 47805, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Engeli
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO), Risk Assessment Division, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, Bern, 3003, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hellwig
- Chair of Special Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Risk Assessment Strategies, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wim Wätjen
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardeystr, 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Peake JD, Horne KI, Noguchi C, Gilligan JP, Noguchi E. The p53 DNA damage response and Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway protect against acetaldehyde-induced replication stress in esophageal keratinocytes. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2088-2096. [PMID: 37749911 PMCID: PMC10761134 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2261740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol contributes to cellular accumulation of acetaldehyde, a primary metabolite of alcohol and a major human carcinogen. Acetaldehyde can form DNA adducts and induce interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) that are repaired by the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway (FA pathway). Individuals with deficiency in acetaldehyde detoxification or in the FA pathway have an increased risk of squamous-cell carcinomas (SCCs) including those of the esophagus. In a recent report, we described the molecular basis of acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage in esophageal keratinocytes [1]. We demonstrated that, at physiologically relevant concentrations, acetaldehyde induces DNA damage at the DNA replication fork. This resulted in replication stress, leading to activation of the ATR-Chk1-dependent cell cycle checkpoints. We also reported that the p53 DNA damage response is elevated in response to acetaldehyde and that the FA pathway limits acetaldehyde-induced genomic instability. Here, we highlight these findings and present additional results to discuss the role of the FA pathway and p53 DNA damage response in the protection against genomic instability and esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine D. Peake
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kalisse I. Horne
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chiaki Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John P. Gilligan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Tulen CBM, Opperhuizen A, van Schooten FJ, Remels AHV. Disruption of the Molecular Regulation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Airway and Lung Epithelial Cells by Cigarette Smoke: Are Aldehydes the Culprit? Cells 2023; 12:cells12020299. [PMID: 36672235 PMCID: PMC9857032 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating lung disease for which cigarette smoking is the main risk factor. Acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde are short-chain aldehydes known to be formed during pyrolysis and combustion of tobacco and have been linked to respiratory toxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is suggested to be mechanistically and causally involved in the pathogenesis of smoking-associated lung diseases such as COPD. Cigarette smoke (CS) has been shown to impair the molecular regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and content in epithelial cells of the airways and lungs. Although it is unknown which specific chemicals present in CS are responsible for this, it has been suggested that aldehydes may be involved. Therefore, it has been proposed by the World Health Organization to regulate aldehydes in commercially-available cigarettes. In this review, we comprehensively describe and discuss the impact of acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde on mitochondrial function and content and the molecular pathways controlling this (biogenesis versus mitophagy) in epithelial cells of the airways and lungs. In addition, potential therapeutic applications targeting (aldehyde-induced) mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as regulatory implications, and the necessary required future studies to provide scientific support for this regulation, have been covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy B. M. Tulen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Office of Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H. V. Remels
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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6
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Tulen CBM, Duistermaat E, Cremers JWJM, Klerx WNM, Fokkens PHB, Weibolt N, Kloosterboer N, Dentener MA, Gremmer ER, Jessen PJJ, Koene EJC, Maas L, Opperhuizen A, van Schooten FJ, Staal YCM, Remels AHV. Smoking-Associated Exposure of Human Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells to Aldehydes: Impact on Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Mitochondrial Content and Function. Cells 2022; 11:3481. [PMID: 36359877 PMCID: PMC9655975 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating lung disease primarily caused by exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). During the pyrolysis and combustion of tobacco, reactive aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde are formed, which are known to be involved in respiratory toxicity. Although CS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of COPD, the role of aldehydes therein is incompletely understood. To investigate this, we used a physiologically relevant in vitro exposure model of differentiated human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) exposed to CS (one cigarette) or a mixture of acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde (at relevant concentrations of one cigarette) or air, in a continuous flow system using a puff-like exposure protocol. Exposure of PBEC to CS resulted in elevated IL-8 cytokine and mRNA levels, increased abundance of constituents associated with autophagy, decreased protein levels of molecules associated with the mitophagy machinery, and alterations in the abundance of regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, decreased transcript levels of basal epithelial cell marker KRT5 were reported after CS exposure. Only parts of these changes were replicated in PBEC upon exposure to a combination of acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde. More specifically, aldehydes decreased MAP1LC3A mRNA (autophagy) and BNIP3 protein (mitophagy) and increased ESRRA protein (mitochondrial biogenesis). These data suggest that other compounds in addition to aldehydes in CS contribute to CS-induced dysregulation of constituents controlling mitochondrial content and function in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy B. M. Tulen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Duistermaat
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Walther N. M. Klerx
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H. B. Fokkens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Naömi Weibolt
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Kloosterboer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Primary Lung Culture (PLUC) Facility, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke A. Dentener
- Primary Lung Culture (PLUC) Facility, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric R. Gremmer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Phyllis J. J. Jessen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Evi J. C. Koene
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lou Maas
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Office of Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), 3511 GG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne C. M. Staal
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H. V. Remels
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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7
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Nabavizadeh P, Liu J, Rao P, Ibrahim S, Han DD, Derakhshandeh R, Qiu H, Wang X, Glantz SA, Schick SF, Springer ML. Impairment of Endothelial Function by Cigarette Smoke Is Not Caused by a Specific Smoke Constituent, but by Vagal Input From the Airway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1324-1332. [PMID: 36288292 PMCID: PMC9616206 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to tobacco or marijuana smoke, or e-cigarette aerosols, causes vascular endothelial dysfunction in humans and rats. We aimed to determine what constituent, or class of constituents, of smoke is responsible for endothelial functional impairment. METHODS We investigated several smoke constituents that we hypothesized to mediate this effect by exposing rats and measuring arterial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) pre- and post-exposure. We measured FMD before and after inhalation of sidestream smoke from research cigarettes containing normal and reduced nicotine level with and without menthol, as well as 2 of the main aldehyde gases found in both smoke and e-cigarette aerosol (acrolein and acetaldehyde), and inert carbon nanoparticles. RESULTS FMD was reduced by all 4 kinds of research cigarettes, with extent of reduction ranging from 20% to 46% depending on the cigarette type. While nicotine was not required for the impairment, higher nicotine levels in smoke were associated with a greater percent reduction of FMD (41.1±4.5% reduction versus 19.2±9.5%; P=0.047). Lower menthol levels were also associated with a greater percent reduction of FMD (18.5±9.8% versus 40.5±4.8%; P=0.048). Inhalation of acrolein or acetaldehyde gases at smoke-relevant concentrations impaired FMD by roughly 50% (P=0.001). However, inhalation of inert carbon nanoparticles at smoke-relevant concentrations with no gas phase also impaired FMD by a comparable amount (P<0.001). Bilateral cervical vagotomy blocked the impairment of FMD by tobacco smoke. CONCLUSIONS There is no single constituent or class of constituents responsible for acute impairment of endothelial function by smoke; rather, we propose that acute endothelial dysfunction by disparate inhaled products is caused by vagus nerve signaling initiated by airway irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Nabavizadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Poonam Rao
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sharina Ibrahim
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel D. Han
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ronak Derakhshandeh
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Huiliang Qiu
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stanton A. Glantz
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Suzaynn F. Schick
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew L. Springer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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8
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Jin L, Conklin DJ. A novel evaluation of endothelial dysfunction ex vivo: "Teaching an Old Drug a New Trick". Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15120. [PMID: 34755498 PMCID: PMC8579072 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many CVDs begin with endothelium dysfunction (ED), including hypertension, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. Our assay evaluated ED in isolated murine aorta by quantifying phenylephrine-induced contractions (PE) in the presence of L-NAME, which blocked acetylcholine-induced relaxation (ACh %; >99%). The "L-NAME PE Contraction Ratio" (PECR) was defined as: "PE Tension post-L-NAME" divided by "PE Tension pre-L-NAME." We hypothesized that our novel PE Contraction Ratio would strongly correlate with alterations in endothelium function. Validation 1: PECR and ACh % values of naïve aortas were strongly and positively correlated (PECR vs. ACh %, r2 = 0.91, n = 7). Validation 2: Retrospective analyses of published aortic PECR and ACh % data of female mice exposed to filtered air, propylene glycol:vegetable glycerin (PG:VG), formaldehyde (FA), or acetaldehyde (AA) for 4d showed that the PECR in air-exposed mice (PECR = 1.43 ± 0.05, n = 16) correlated positively with the ACh % (r2 = 0.40) as seen in naïve aortas. Similarly, PECR values were significantly decreased in aortas with ED yet retained positive regression coefficients with ACh % (PG:VG r2 = 0.54; FA r2 = 0.55). Unlike other toxicants, inhaled AA significantly increased both PECR and ACh % values yet diminished their correlation (r2 = 0.09). Validation 3: To assess species-specific dependence, we tested PECR in rat aorta, and found PECR correlated with ACh % relaxation albeit less well in this aged and dyslipidemic model. Because the PECR reflects NOS function directly, it is a robust measure of both ED and vascular dysfunction. Therefore, it is a complementary index of existing tests of ED that also provides insight into mechanisms of vascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Jin
- American Heart Association‐Tobacco Regulation and Addiction CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- American Heart Association‐Tobacco Regulation and Addiction CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
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9
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Shuai C, Xia GQ, Yuan F, Wang S, Lv XW. CD39-mediated ATP-adenosine signalling promotes hepatic stellate cell activation and alcoholic liver disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 905:174198. [PMID: 34033815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD39 is associated with diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysed to adenosine by different enzymes including ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/ENTPD1 (CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73), regulating many physiological and pathological processes in various diseases, but these changes and functions in alcoholic liver disease are generally unknown. In this study, an alcoholic liver disease model in vivo was induced by ethanol plus carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) administered to C57BL/6 mice, who were the intraperitoneally injected with the CD39 inhibitor sodium polyoxotungstate (POM1) or colchicine from the 5th week to the 8th week. Meanwhile, hepatic stellate cells were stimulated by acetaldehyde to replicate alcoholic liver fibrosis models in vitro. Exogenous ATP and POM1 were added in turn to the culture system. Pharmacological blockade of CD39 largely prevents liver damage and collagen deposition. We found that blockade or silencing of CD39 prevented acetaldehyde-induced proliferation of HSC-T6 cells and the expression of fibrogenic factors. Moreover, blockade or silencing of CD39 could block the activation of the adenosine A2A and adenosine A2B receptors and the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway, which are essential events in HSC activation. Thus, blockade of CD39 to inhibit the transduction of ATP to adenosine may prevent HSC activation, alleviating alcoholic hepatic fibrosis. The findings from this study suggest ATP-adenosine signalling is a novel therapeutic and preventive target for alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shuai
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Guo-Qing Xia
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Lv
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China.
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10
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Zhu L, Pei W, Thiele I, Mahadevan R. Integration of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model with a whole-body, organ-resolved genome-scale model for characterization of ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009110. [PMID: 34351898 PMCID: PMC8370625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the most widely used recreational substances in the world and due to its ubiquitous use, ethanol abuse has been the cause of over 3.3 million deaths each year. In addition to its effects, ethanol's primary metabolite, acetaldehyde, is a carcinogen that can cause symptoms of facial flushing, headaches, and nausea. How strongly ethanol or acetaldehyde affects an individual depends highly on the genetic polymorphisms of certain genes. In particular, the genetic polymorphisms of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH2, play a large role in the metabolism of acetaldehyde. Thus, it is important to characterize how genetic variations can lead to different exposures and responses to ethanol and acetaldehyde. While the pharmacokinetics of ethanol metabolism through alcohol dehydrogenase have been thoroughly explored in previous studies, in this paper, we combined a base physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model with a whole-body genome-scale model (WBM) to gain further insight into the effect of other less explored processes and genetic variations on ethanol metabolism. This combined model was fit to clinical data and used to show the effect of alcohol concentrations, organ damage, ALDH2 enzyme polymorphisms, and ALDH2-inhibiting drug disulfiram on ethanol and acetaldehyde exposure. Through estimating the reaction rates of auxiliary processes with dynamic Flux Balance Analysis, The PBPK-WBM was able to navigate around a lack of kinetic constants traditionally associated with PK modelling and demonstrate the compensatory effects of the body in response to decreased liver enzyme expression. Additionally, the model demonstrated that acetaldehyde exposure increased with higher dosages of disulfiram and decreased ALDH2 efficiency, and that moderate consumption rates of ethanol could lead to unexpected accumulations in acetaldehyde. This modelling framework combines the comprehensive steady-state analyses from genome-scale models with the dynamics of traditional PK models to create a highly personalized form of PBPK modelling that can push the boundaries of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Pei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Microbiology, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- * E-mail: (IT); (RM)
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (IT); (RM)
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11
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Jin L, Lynch J, Richardson A, Lorkiewicz P, Srivastava S, Theis W, Shirk G, Hand A, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Conklin DJ. Electronic cigarette solvents, pulmonary irritation, and endothelial dysfunction: role of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1510-H1525. [PMID: 33543686 PMCID: PMC8260384 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00878.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
After more than a decade of electronic cigarette (E-cig) use in the United States, uncertainty persists regarding E-cig use and long-term cardiopulmonary disease risk. As all E-cigs use propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin (PG-VG) and generate abundant saturated aldehydes, mice were exposed by inhalation to PG-VG-derived aerosol, formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (AA), or filtered air. Biomarkers of exposure and cardiopulmonary injury were monitored by mass spectrometry (urine metabolites), radiotelemetry (respiratory reflexes), isometric myography (aorta), and flow cytometry (blood markers). Acute PG-VG exposure significantly affected multiple biomarkers including pulmonary reflex (decreased respiratory rate, -50%), endothelium-dependent relaxation (-61.8 ± 4.2%), decreased WBC (-47 ± 7%), and, increased RBC (+6 ± 1%) and hemoglobin (+4 ± 1%) versus air control group. Notably, FA exposure recapitulated the prominent effects of PG-VG aerosol on pulmonary irritant reflex and endothelial dysfunction, whereas AA exposure did not. To attempt to link PG-VG exposure with FA or AA exposure, urinary formate and acetate levels were measured by GC-MS. Although neither FA nor AA exposure altered excretion of their primary metabolite, formate or acetate, respectively, compared with air-exposed controls, PG-VG aerosol exposure significantly increased post-exposure urinary acetate but not formate. These data suggest that E-cig use may increase cardiopulmonary disease risk independent of the presence of nicotine and/or flavorings. This study indicates that FA levels in tobacco product-derived aerosols should be regulated to levels that do not induce biomarkers of cardiopulmonary harm. There remains a need for reliable biomarkers of exposure to inhaled FA and AA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Use of electronic cigarettes (E-cig) induces endothelial dysfunction (ED) in healthy humans, yet the specific constituents in E-cig aerosols that contribute to ED are unknown. Our study implicates formaldehyde that is formed in heating of E-cig solvents (propylene glycol, PG; vegetable glycerin, VG). Exposure to formaldehyde or PG-VG-derived aerosol alone stimulated ED in female mice. As ED was independent of nicotine and flavorants, these data reflect a "universal flaw" of E-cigs that use PG-VG.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/e-cigarettes-aldehydes-and-endothelial-dysfunction/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Jin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jordan Lynch
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Andre Richardson
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shweta Srivastava
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Whitney Theis
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gregg Shirk
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Alexis Hand
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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12
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Occupational exposure limits for acetaldehyde, 2-bromopropane, glyphosate, manganese and inorganic manganese compounds, and zinc oxide nanoparticle, and the biological exposure indices for cadmium and cadmium compounds and ethylbenzene, and carcinogenicity, occupational sensitizer, and reproductive toxicant classifications. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12294. [PMID: 34799968 PMCID: PMC8605477 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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13
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Zhang XN, Meng FG, Wang YR, Liu SX, Zeng T. Transformed ALDH2 -/- hepatocytes by ethanol could serve as a useful tool for studying alcoholic hepatocarcinogenesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110366. [PMID: 33208242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is a well-recognized hepatic carcinogen. Alcohol is metabolized into genotoxic acetaldehyde in hepatocytes, which is catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). The detailed underlying mechanisms of alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear, at least partially, due to the absence of appropriate experimental models. Current studies suggest that rodents are not good models of the most common liver diseases that trigger HCC including alcoholic liver injury. We hypothesize that ethanol could induce transformation of immortalized normal liver cells, which may serve as a versatile tool for studying alcoholic HCC. Besides, we believe that knockout of ALDH2 will help to shorten the time course of transformation, as ALDH2 deficiency will significantly increase the accumulation of acetaldehyde in hepatocytes. Using this model, the dynamic changes of carcinogenesis-related molecular events could be easily examined. Furthermore, the transformed cells isolated from soft agar could be inoculated to mice for studying invasion, metastasis, and also for screening prophylactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fan-Ge Meng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shi-Xuan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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14
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Hirohashi K, Ohashi S, Amanuma Y, Nakai Y, Ida T, Baba K, Mitani Y, Mizumoto A, Yamamoto Y, Kikuchi O, Matsubara J, Yamada A, Miyamoto S, Seno H, Matsuda T, Muto M. Protective effects of Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator, on alcohol-derived DNA damage in the esophagus of human ALDH2*2 (Glu504Lys) knock-in mice. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:194-202. [PMID: 31074772 PMCID: PMC7175241 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is the key risk factor for the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and acetaldehyde, a metabolite of alcohol, is an alcohol-derived major carcinogen that causes DNA damage. Aldehyde dehydrogenase2 (ALDH2) is an enzyme that detoxifies acetaldehyde, and its activity is reduced by ALDH2 gene polymorphism. Reduction in ALDH2 activity increases blood, salivary and breath acetaldehyde levels after alcohol intake, and it is deeply associated with the development of ESCC. Heavy alcohol consumption in individuals with ALDH2 gene polymorphism significantly elevates the risk of ESCC; however, effective prevention has not been established yet. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Alda-1, a small molecule ALDH2 activator, on alcohol-mediated esophageal DNA damage. Here, we generated novel genetically engineered knock-in mice that express the human ALDH2*1 (wild-type allele) or ALDH2*2 gene (mutant allele). Those mice were crossed, and human ALDH2*1/*1, ALDH2*1/*2 and ALDH2*2/*2 knock-in mice were established. They were given 10% ethanol for 7 days in the presence or absence of Alda-1, and we measured the levels of esophageal DNA damage, represented by DNA adduct (N2-ethylidene-2′-deoxyguanosine). Alda-1 significantly increased hepatic ALDH2 activity both in human ALDH2*1/*2 and/or ALDH2*2/*2 knock-in mice and reduced esophageal DNA damage levels after alcohol drinking. Conversely, cyanamide, an ALDH2-inhibitor, significantly exacerbated esophageal DNA adduct level in C57BL/6N mice induced by alcohol drinking. These results indicate the protective effects of ALDH2 activation by Alda-1 on esophageal DNA damage levels in individuals with ALDH2 gene polymorphism, providing a new insight into acetaldehyde-mediated esophageal carcinogenesis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshiro Hirohashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Amanuma
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukie Nakai
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ida
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Baba
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mitani
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Mizumoto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Kikuchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junichi Matsubara
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin’ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonari Matsuda
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, Yumihama, Otsu, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 75 751 4592; Fax:+81 75 751 4594;
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15
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Ganesan M, New-Aaron M, Dagur RS, Makarov E, Wang W, Kharbanda KK, Kidambi S, Poluektova LY, Osna NA. Alcohol Metabolism Potentiates HIV-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Contribution to End-Stage Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120851. [PMID: 31835520 PMCID: PMC6995634 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In an era of improved survival due to modern antiretroviral therapy, liver disease has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality, resulting in death in 15-17% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Alcohol enhances HIV-mediated liver damage and promotes the progression to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, the mechanisms behind these events are uncertain. Here, we hypothesize that ethanol metabolism potentiates accumulation of HIV in hepatocytes, causing oxidative stress and intensive apoptotic cell death. Engulfment of HIV-containing apoptotic hepatocytes by non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) triggers their activation and liver injury progression. This study was performed on primary human hepatocytes and Huh7.5-CYP cells infected with HIV-1ADA, and major findings were confirmed by pilot data obtained on ethanol-fed HIV-injected chimeric mice with humanized livers. We demonstrated that ethanol exposure potentiates HIV accumulation in hepatocytes by suppressing HIV degradation by lysosomes and proteasomes. This leads to increased oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. Exposure of HIV-infected apoptotic hepatocytes to NPCs activates the inflammasome in macrophages and pro-fibrotic genes in hepatic stellate cells. We conclude that while HIV and ethanol metabolism-triggered apoptosis clears up HIV-infected hepatocytes, continued generation of HIV-expressing apoptotic bodies may be detrimental for progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis due to constant activation of NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.G.); (M.N.-A.); (R.S.D.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Moses New-Aaron
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.G.); (M.N.-A.); (R.S.D.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Environmental, Agriculture and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Raghubendra Singh Dagur
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.G.); (M.N.-A.); (R.S.D.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Edward Makarov
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (E.M.); (W.W.); (L.Y.P.)
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (E.M.); (W.W.); (L.Y.P.)
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.G.); (M.N.-A.); (R.S.D.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Srivatsan Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Larisa Y. Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (E.M.); (W.W.); (L.Y.P.)
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.G.); (M.N.-A.); (R.S.D.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Environmental, Agriculture and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (E.M.); (W.W.); (L.Y.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-995-3735; Fax: +1-402-449-0604
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16
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Cirillo S, Urena JF, Lambert JD, Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Paolini M, Cardenia V, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Richie JP, Elias RJ. Impact of electronic cigarette heating coil resistance on the production of reactive carbonyls, reactive oxygen species and induction of cytotoxicity in human lung cancer cells in vitro. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 109:104500. [PMID: 31629780 PMCID: PMC6897375 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette; e-cig) use has grown exponentially in recent years despite their unknown health effects. E-cig aerosols are now known to contain hazardous chemical compounds, including carbonyls and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and these compounds are directly inhaled by consumers during e-cig use. Both carbonyls and ROS are formed when the liquid comes into contact with a heating element that is housed within an e-cig's atomizer. In the present study, the effect of coil resistance (1.5 Ω and 0.25 Ω coils, to obtain a total wattage of 8 ± 2 W and 40 ± 5 W, respectively) on the generation of carbonyls (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein) and ROS was investigated. The effect of the aerosols generated by different coils on the viability of H1299 human lung carcinoma cells was also evaluated. Our results show a significant (p < 0.05) correlation between the low resistance coils and the generation of higher concentrations of the selected carbonyls and ROS in e-cig aerosols. Moreover, exposure to e-cig vapor reduced the viability of H1299 cells by up to 45.8%, and this effect was inversely related to coil resistance. Although further studies are needed to better elucidate the potential toxicity of e-cig emissions, our results suggest that these devices may expose users to hazardous compounds which, in turn, may promote chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Jose F Urena
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D Lambert
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Vladimiro Cardenia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ryan J Elias
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, PA, USA.
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17
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Ueta CB, Campos JC, Albuquerque RPE, Lima VM, Disatnik MH, Sanchez AB, Chen CH, de Medeiros MHG, Yang W, Mochly-Rosen D, Ferreira JCB. Cardioprotection induced by a brief exposure to acetaldehyde: role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1006-1015. [PMID: 29579152 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We previously demonstrated that acute ethanol administration protects the heart from ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury thorough activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Here, we characterized the role of acetaldehyde, an intermediate product from ethanol metabolism, and its metabolizing enzyme, ALDH2, in an ex vivo model of cardiac I/R injury. Methods and results We used a combination of homozygous knock-in mice (ALDH2*2), carrying the human inactivating point mutation ALDH2 (E487K), and a direct activator of ALDH2, Alda-1, to investigate the cardiac effect of acetaldehyde. The ALDH2*2 mice have impaired acetaldehyde clearance, recapitulating the human phenotype. Yet, we found a similar infarct size in wild type (WT) and ALDH2*2 mice. Similar to ethanol-induced preconditioning, pre-treatment with 50 μM acetaldehyde increased ALDH2 activity and reduced cardiac injury in hearts of WT mice without affecting cardiac acetaldehyde levels. However, acetaldehyde pre-treatment of hearts of ALDH2*2 mice resulted in a three-fold increase in cardiac acetaldehyde levels and exacerbated I/R injury. Therefore, exogenous acetaldehyde appears to have a bimodal effect in I/R, depending on the ALDH2 genotype. Further supporting an ALDH2 role in cardiac preconditioning, pharmacological ALDH2 inhibition abolished ethanol-induced cardioprotection in hearts of WT mice, whereas a selective activator, Alda-1, protected ALDH2*2 against ethanol-induced cardiotoxicity. Finally, either genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ALDH2 mitigated ischaemic preconditioning. Conclusion Taken together, our findings suggest that low levels of acetaldehyde are cardioprotective whereas high levels are damaging in an ex vivo model of I/R injury and that ALDH2 is a major, but not the only, regulator of cardiac acetaldehyde levels and protection from I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Bagne Ueta
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliane Cruz Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Morais Lima
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie-Hélène Disatnik
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Wenjin Yang
- Foresee Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
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18
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Api AM, Belsito D, Botelho D, Bruze M, Burton GA, Buschmann J, Dagli ML, Date M, Dekant W, Deodhar C, Francis M, Fryer AD, Jones L, Joshi K, La Cava S, Lapczynski A, Liebler DC, O'Brien D, Patel A, Penning TM, Ritacco G, Romine J, Sadekar N, Salvito D, Schultz TW, Sipes IG, Sullivan G, Thakkar Y, Tokura Y, Tsang S. RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzeneacetaldehyde, 3,4-dimethyl-, CAS Registry Number 68844-97-3. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122 Suppl 1:S664-S669. [PMID: 30414466 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - D Belsito
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - D Botelho
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - M Bruze
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo SE-20502, Sweden
| | - G A Burton
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Dana Building G110, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 58109, USA
| | - J Buschmann
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - M L Dagli
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - M Date
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - W Dekant
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Deodhar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - M Francis
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - A D Fryer
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Oregon Health Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - L Jones
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - K Joshi
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - S La Cava
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - A Lapczynski
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - D C Liebler
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, 638 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - D O'Brien
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - A Patel
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - T M Penning
- Member of RIFM Expert Panel, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, 1316 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3083, USA
| | - G Ritacco
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - J Romine
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - N Sadekar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - D Salvito
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - T W Schultz
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996- 4500, USA
| | - I G Sipes
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ 85724-5050, USA
| | - G Sullivan
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA;.
| | - Y Thakkar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - Y Tokura
- Member RIFM Expert Panel, The Journal of Dermatological Science (JDS), Editor-in-Chief, Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - S Tsang
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
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19
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Delikhoon M, Fazlzadeh M, Sorooshian A, Baghani AN, Golaki M, Ashournejad Q, Barkhordari A. Characteristics and health effects of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in an urban area in Iran. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:938-951. [PMID: 30373039 PMCID: PMC6221454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a spatiotemporal characterization of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the summer and winter of 2017 in the urban area of Shiraz, Iran. Sampling was fulfilled according to EPA Method TO-11 A. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) procedure was used for spatial mapping. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to evaluate carcinogenic and non-cancer risk owing to formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exposure in 11 age groups. The average concentrations of formaldehyde/acetaldehyde in the summer and winter were 15.07/8.40 μg m-3 and 8.57/3.52 μg m-3, respectively. The formaldehyde to acetaldehyde ratios in the summer and winter were 1.80 and 2.43, respectively. The main sources of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were photochemical generation, vehicular traffic, and biogenic emissions (e.g., coniferous and deciduous trees). The mean inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) values according to the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in summer and winter ranged between 7.55 × 10-6 and 9.25 × 10-5, which exceed the recommended value by US EPA. The average LTCR according to the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in summer and winter were between 4.82 × 10-6 and 2.58 × 10-4, which exceeds recommended values for five different age groups (Birth to <1, 1 to <2, 2 to <3, 3 to <6, and 6 to <11 years). Hazard quotients (HQs) of formaldehyde ranged between 0.04 and 4.18 for both seasons, while the HQs for acetaldehyde were limited between 0.42 and 0.97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Delikhoon
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fazlzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Abbas Norouzian Baghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Golaki
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Qadir Ashournejad
- Department of Remote Sensing & GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Barkhordari
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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20
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Chen D, Fang L, Li H, Jin C. The effects of acetaldehyde exposure on histone modifications and chromatin structure in human lung bronchial epithelial cells. Environ Mol Mutagen 2018; 59:375-385. [PMID: 29569274 PMCID: PMC6031465 DOI: 10.1002/em.22187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As the primary metabolite of alcohol and the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke, acetaldehyde is linked to a number of human diseases associated with chronic alcohol consumption and smoking including cancers. In addition to direct DNA damage as a result of the formation of acetaldehyde-DNA adducts, acetaldehyde may also indirectly impact proper genome function through the formation of protein adducts. Histone proteins are the major component of the chromatin. Post-translational histone modifications (PTMs) are critically important for the maintenance of genetic and epigenetic stability. However, little is known about how acetaldehyde-histone adducts affect histone modifications and chromatin structure. The results of protein carbonyl assays suggest that acetaldehyde forms adducts with histone proteins in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The level of acetylation for N-terminal tails of cytosolic histones H3 and H4, an important modification for histone nuclear import and chromatin assembly, is significantly downregulated following acetaldehyde exposure in BEAS-2B cells, possibly due to the formation of histone adducts and/or the decrease in the expression of histone acetyltransferases. Notably, the level of nucleosomal histones in the chromatin fraction and at most of the genomic loci we tested are low in acetaldehyde-treated cells as compared with the control cells, which is suggestive of inhibition of chromatin assembly. Moreover, acetaldehyde exposure perturbs chromatin structure as evidenced by the increase in general chromatin accessibility and the decrease in nucleosome occupancy at genomic loci following acetaldehyde treatment. Our results indicate that regulation of histone modifications and chromatin accessibility may play important roles in acetaldehyde-induced pathogenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:375-385, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Lei Fang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
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21
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Zhang S, Chen H, Wang A, Liu Y, Hou H, Hu Q. Assessment of genotoxicity of four volatile pollutants from cigarette smoke based on the in vitro γH2AX assay using high content screening. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 55:30-36. [PMID: 28818740 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the genotoxic effects of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein and benzene on A549 cells, the in vitro γH2AX assay was used in combination with high content screening (HCS) technology. All aldehydes showed a significant genotoxicity in a dose/time-dependent effect on the induction of γH2AX. Benzene failed to show a significant genotoxicity based on the γH2AX assay. However, hydroquinone (one of metabolites of benzene) showed a significant genotoxicity in vitro. Based on the dose-response of γH2AX and Hill model, the ability to induce DNA double-strand break can be evaluated as acrolein>formaldehyde>acetaldehyde>benzene. The slow DNA damage/repair mechanism may be more important than the fast one for aldehydes based on time-course of γH2AX and two-component model. Overall, all toxicants were genotoxic in a dose- or time-dependent manner based on the in vitro γH2AX HCS assay, and acrolein had a strong potential to induce DNA damage followed by formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and benzene in sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230088, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - An Wang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230088, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230088, PR China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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22
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Müller MF, Zhou Y, Adams DJ, Arends MJ. Effects of long-term ethanol consumption and Aldh1b1 depletion on intestinal tumourigenesis in mice. J Pathol 2017; 241:649-660. [PMID: 28026023 DOI: 10.1002/path.4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde have been classified as carcinogens for the upper aerodigestive tract, liver, breast, and colorectum. Whereas mechanisms related to oxidative stress and Cyp2e1 induction seem to prevail in the liver, and acetaldehyde has been proposed to play a crucial role in the upper aerodigestive tract, pathological mechanisms in the colorectum have not yet been clarified. Moreover, all evidence for a pro-carcinogenic role of ethanol in colorectal cancer is derived from correlations observed in epidemiological studies or from rodent studies with additional carcinogen application or tumour suppressor gene inactivation. In the current study, wild-type mice and mice with depletion of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1b1 (Aldh1b1), an enzyme which has been proposed to play an important role in acetaldehyde detoxification in the intestines, received ethanol in drinking water for 1 year. Long-term ethanol consumption led to intestinal tumour development in wild-type and Aldh1b1-depleted mice, but no intestinal tumours were observed in water-treated controls. Moreover, a significant increase in DNA damage was detected in the large intestinal epithelium of ethanol-treated mice of both genotypes compared with the respective water-treated groups, along with increased proliferation of the small and large intestinal epithelium. Aldh1b1 depletion led to increased plasma acetaldehyde levels in ethanol-treated mice, to a significant aggravation of ethanol-induced intestinal hyperproliferation, and to more advanced features of intestinal tumours, but it did not affect intestinal tumour incidence. These data indicate that ethanol consumption can initiate intestinal tumourigenesis without any additional carcinogen treatment or tumour suppressor gene inactivation, and we provide evidence for a role of Aldh1b1 in protection of the intestines from ethanol-induced damage, as well as for both carcinogenic and tumour-promoting functions of acetaldehyde, including increased progression of ethanol-induced tumours. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike F Müller
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ying Zhou
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark J Arends
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
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Ni YH, Huo LJ, Li TT. Antioxidant axis Nrf2-keap1-ARE in inhibition of alcoholic liver fibrosis by IL-22. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2002-2011. [PMID: 28373766 PMCID: PMC5360641 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i11.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the effect of interleukin (IL)-22 on in vitro model of alcoholic liver fibrosis hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and whether this is related to regulation of Nrf2-keap1-ARE. METHODS HSC-T6 cells were incubated with 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μmol/L acetaldehyde. After 24 and 48 h, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect proliferation of HSCs to choose the best concentration and action time. We used the optimal concentration of acetaldehyde (200 μmol/L) to stimulate HSCs for 24 h, and treated the cells with a final concentration of 10, 20 or 50 ng/mL IL-22. The cell proliferation rate was detected by MTT assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of nuclear factor-related factor (Nrf)2 and α-smooth muscle antigen was detected by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured by spectrophotometry. RESULTS In the MTT assay, when HSCs were incubated with acetaldehyde, activity and proliferation were higher than in the control group, and were most obvious after 48 h treatment with 200 μmol/L acetaldehyde. The number of cells in G0/G1 phases was decreased and the number in S phase was increased in comparison with the control group. When treated with different concentrations of IL-22, HSC-T6 cell activity and proliferation rate were markedly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and cell cycle progression was arrested from G1 to S phase. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry demonstrated that expression of Nrf2 total protein was not significantly affected. Expression of Nrf2 nuclear protein was low in the control group, increased slightly in the model group (or acetaldehyde-stimulated group), and increased more obviously in the IL-22 intervention groups. The levels of MDA and GSH in the model group were significantly enhanced in comparison with those in the control group. In cells treated with IL-22, the MDA level was attenuated but the GSH level was further increased. These changes were dose-dependent. CONCLUSION IL-22 inhibits acetaldehyde-induced HSC activation and proliferation, which may be related to nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased activity of the antioxidant axis Nrf2-keap1-ARE.
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24
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Park KY, Choi SY, Lee SH, Kweon JH, Song JH. Comparison of formation of disinfection by-products by chlorination and ozonation of wastewater effluents and their toxicity to Daphnia magna. Environ Pollut 2016; 215:314-321. [PMID: 27213572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the two most frequently used disinfectants (i.e., chlorine and ozone) to understand their efficiency in wastewater effluents and the ecotoxicity of disinfection by-products created during chlorination and ozonation. Four trihalomethanes (THMs) and nine haloacetic acids (HAAs) were measured from a chlorine-disinfected sample and two aldehydes (i.e., formaldehydes and acetaldehydes) were analyzed after ozonation. Chlorination was effective for total coliform removal with Ct value in the range of 30-60 mg-min/L. Over 1.6 mg/L of ozone dose and 0.5 min of the contact time presented sufficient disinfection efficiency. The concentration of THMs increased with longer contact time (24 h), but that of HAAs showed little change with contact time. The measured concentration of formaldehyde at the ozone dose of 1.6 mg/L and the contact time of 9 min showed the greatest value in this study, approximately 330 μg L(-1), from which the corresponding ecotoxicity was determined using an indicator species, Daphnia magna. The ecotoxicity results were consistent with the toxicological features judged by occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Both the disinfection efficiency as well as the DBP formation potential should therefore be considered to avoid harmful impacts on aquatic environments when a disinfection method is used for wastewater effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Young Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Su-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea; Youngsin Metal Industrial Co., LTD., Electricity Business Division, 593 Manho-ri, Poseung-myun, Pyongtaek-si, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyang Kweon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyeon Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
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25
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Abstract
Over a 12-day period, 13 animals in a herd of 110 beef cattle developed ataxia with profound muscle fasciculations progressing to recumbency. Twelve animals (5 adults and 7 calves from 8–10 months of age) died, and 1 cow was euthanized. Hemorrhagic diarrhea occurred in some, but not all, animals. The onset of clinical signs was at least 12 hours after the cattle had gained access to contents of old buildings used for storage, and the majority of deaths occurred within 24 to 48 hours after the onset of clinical signs. Approximately 9 kg of unidentified pellets were found strewn in the barn area where the cattle had been. Autolysis considered more severe than expected for the postmortem interval, suggestive of high body temperature before death, and congestion of body tissues were the only significant findings detected in the cow that was euthanized and submitted for necropsy examination. The clinical history and lack of postmortem lesions were most consistent with toxicity. A toxic level of arsenic (6.18 ppm) was detected in the kidney, and metaldehyde was detected in the liver. The pellets were analyzed and found to contain both arsenic and metaldehyde, consistent with a discontinued molluscicidal product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Valentine
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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26
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Scheer MA, Schneider KJ, Finnigan RL, Maloney EP, Wells MA, Clemens DL. The Involvement of Acetaldehyde in Ethanol-Induced Cell Cycle Impairment. Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6020017. [PMID: 27043646 PMCID: PMC4919912 DOI: 10.3390/biom6020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocytes metabolize the vast majority of ingested ethanol. This metabolic activity results in hepatic toxicity and impairs the ability of hepatocytes to replicate. Previous work by our group has shown that ethanol metabolism results in a G2/M cell cycle arrest. The intent of these studies was to discern the roles of acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen, two of the major by-products of ethanol metabolism, in the G2/M cell cycle arrest. Methods: To investigate the role of ethanol metabolites in the cell cycle arrest, VA-13 and VL-17A cells were used. These are recombinant Hep G2 cells that express alcohol dehydrogenase or alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 2E1, respectively. Cells were cultured with or without ethanol, lacking or containing the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or trolox, for three days. Cellular accumulation was monitored by the DNA content of the cultures. The accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdc2 in the inactive phosphorylated form (p-Cdc2) and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 were determined by immunoblot analysis. Results: Cultures maintained in the presence of ethanol demonstrated a G2/M cell cycle arrest that was associated with a reduction in DNA content and increased levels of p-Cdc2 and p21, compared with cells cultured in its absence. Inclusion of antioxidants in the ethanol containing media was unable to rescue the cells from the cell cycle arrest or these ethanol metabolism-mediated effects. Additionally, culturing the cells in the presence of acetaldehyde alone resulted in increased levels of p-Cdc2 and p21. Conclusions: Acetaldehyde produced during ethanol oxidation has a major role in the ethanol metabolism-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest, and the concurrent accumulation of p21 and p-Cdc2. Although reactive oxygen species are thought to have a significant role in ethanol-induced hepatocellular damage, they may have a less important role in the inability of hepatocytes to replace dead or damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Scheer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Katrina J Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
- Nebraska and Western Iowa Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Rochelle L Finnigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Eamon P Maloney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Mark A Wells
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Dahn L Clemens
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
- Nebraska and Western Iowa Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
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27
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Hallett KC, Atfield A, Comber S, Hutchinson TH. Developmental toxicity of metaldehyde in the embryos of Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) co-exposed to the synergist piperonyl butoxide. Sci Total Environ 2016; 543:37-43. [PMID: 26575636 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metaldehyde is a widely used molluscicide in countries where damage to crops from slugs and snails is a major problem associated with warm and wet winters. In the UK it is estimated that over 8% of the area covered by arable crops is treated with formulated granular bait pellets containing metaldehyde as the main active ingredient. Metaldehyde is hydrophilic (log Kow=0.12), water soluble (200 mg·L(-1) at 17 °C) and has been detected in UK surface waters in the concentration range of typically 0.2-0.6 μg·L(-1) (maximum 2.7 μg·L(-1)) during 2008-2011. In the absence of chronic data on potential hazards to non-target freshwater molluscs, a laboratory study was conducted to investigate the impact of metaldehyde on embryo development in the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis (RENILYS strain) and using zinc as a positive control. L. stagnalis embryos were exposed to metaldehyde under semi-static conditions at 20±1 °C and hatching success and growth (measured as shell height and intraocular distance) examined after 21 d. Exposure concentrations were verified using HPLC and gave 21 d (hatching)NOEC and (hatching)LOEC mean measured values of 36 and 116 mg MET·L(-1), respectively (equal to the 21 d (shell height)NOEC and (shell height)LOEC values). For basic research purposes, a second group of L. stagnalis embryos was co-exposed to metaldehyde and the pesticide synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Co-exposure to the PBO (measured concentrations between 0.47-0.56 mg·L(-1)) reduced hatching success from 100% to 47% and resulted in a 30% reduction in embryo growth (shell height) in snail embryos co-exposed to metaldehyde at 34-36 mg·L(-1) over 21 d. In conclusion, these data suggest mollusc embryos may have some metabolic detoxication capacity for metaldehyde and further work is warranted to explore this aspect in order to support the recent initiative to include molluscs in the OECD test guideline programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina C Hallett
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Andrew Atfield
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Sean Comber
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Thomas H Hutchinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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28
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Jeong CH, Postigo C, Richardson SD, Simmons JE, Kimura SY, Mariñas BJ, Barcelo D, Liang P, Wagner ED, Plewa MJ. Occurrence and Comparative Toxicity of Haloacetaldehyde Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:13749-59. [PMID: 25942416 PMCID: PMC4791037 DOI: 10.1021/es506358x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of drinking water disinfection greatly reduced waterborne diseases. However, the reaction between disinfectants and natural organic matter in the source water leads to an unintended consequence, the formation of drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The haloacetaldehydes (HALs) are the third largest group by weight of identified DBPs in drinking water. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the occurrence and comparative toxicity of the emerging HAL DBPs. A new HAL DBP, iodoacetaldehyde (IAL) was identified. This study provided the first systematic, quantitative comparison of HAL toxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The rank order of HAL cytotoxicity is tribromoacetaldehyde (TBAL) ≈ chloroacetaldehyde (CAL) > dibromoacetaldehyde (DBAL) ≈ bromochloroacetaldehyde (BCAL) ≈ dibromochloroacetaldehyde (DBCAL) > IAL > bromoacetaldehyde (BAL) ≈ bromodichloroacetaldehyde (BDCAL) > dichloroacetaldehyde (DCAL) > trichloroacetaldehyde (TCAL). The HALs were highly cytotoxic compared to other DBP chemical classes. The rank order of HAL genotoxicity is DBAL > CAL ≈ DBCAL > TBAL ≈ BAL > BDCAL>BCAL ≈ DCAL>IAL. TCAL was not genotoxic. Because of their toxicity and abundance, further research is needed to investigate their mode of action to protect the public health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara H. Jeong
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Safe Global Water Institute and the Science and Technology Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Susan D. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jane Ellen Simmons
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Susana Y. Kimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and
- Safe Global Water Institute and the Science and Technology Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Benito J. Mariñas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and
- Safe Global Water Institute and the Science and Technology Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Barcelona 08034, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R China
| | - Elizabeth D. Wagner
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Safe Global Water Institute and the Science and Technology Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael J. Plewa
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Safe Global Water Institute and the Science and Technology Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: 217-333-3614.
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29
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Moreau P, Burgeot T, Renault T. In vivo effects of metaldehyde on Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas: comparing hemocyte parameters in two oyster families. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:8003-8009. [PMID: 24938813 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants via run-off into the ocean represent a potential threat to marine organisms, especially bivalves such as oysters living in coastal environments. These organisms filter large volumes of seawater and may accumulate contaminants within their tissues. Pesticide contamination in water could have a direct or indirect toxic action on tissues or cells and could induce alteration of immune system. Bivalve immunity is mainly supported by hemocytes and participates directly by phagocytosis to eliminate pathogens. Some studies have shown that pesticides can reduce immune defences and/or modify genomes in vertebrates and invertebrates. Metaldehyde is used to kill slugs, snails and other terrestrial gastropods. Although metaldehyde has been detected in surface waters, its effects on marine bivalves including the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, have never been studied. Given the mode of action of this molecule and its targets (molluscs), it could be potentially more toxic to oysters than other pesticides (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, etc.). Effects of metaldehyde on oyster hemocyte parameters were thus monitored through in vivo experiments based on a short-term exposure. In this work, metaldehyde at 0.1 μg/L, which corresponds to an average concentration detected in the environment, modulated hemocyte activities of Pacific oysters after an in vivo short-term contact. Individuals belonging to two families showed different behaviours for some hemocyte activities after contamination by metaldehyde. These results suggested that effects of pollutants on oysters may differ from an individual to another in relation to genetic diversity. Finally, it appears essential to take an interest in the effects of metaldehyde on a wide variety of aquatic invertebrates including those that have a significant economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Moreau
- Unité Santé Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), Ronce les Bains, 17390, La Tremblade, France
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30
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Maejima R, Iijima K, Kaihovaara P, Hatta W, Koike T, Imatani A, Shimosegawa T, Salaspuro M. Effects of ALDH2 genotype, PPI treatment and L-cysteine on carcinogenic acetaldehyde in gastric juice and saliva after intragastric alcohol administration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120397. [PMID: 25831092 PMCID: PMC4382225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde (ACH) associated with alcoholic beverages is Group 1 carcinogen to humans (IARC/WHO). Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), a major ACH eliminating enzyme, is genetically deficient in 30-50% of Eastern Asians. In alcohol drinkers, ALDH2-deficiency is a well-known risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract cancers, i.e., head and neck cancer and esophageal cancer. However, there is only a limited evidence for stomach cancer. In this study we demonstrated for the first time that ALDH2 deficiency results in markedly increased exposure of the gastric mucosa to acetaldehyde after intragastric administration of alcohol. Our finding provides concrete evidence for a causal relationship between acetaldehyde and gastric carcinogenesis. A plausible explanation is the gastric first pass metabolism of ethanol. The gastric mucosa expresses alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde, especially at the high ethanol concentrations prevailing in the stomach after the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The gastric mucosa also possesses the acetaldehyde-eliminating ALDH2 enzyme. Due to decreased mucosal ALDH2 activity, the elimination of ethanol-derived acetaldehyde is decreased, which results in its accumulation in the gastric juice. We also demonstrate that ALDH2 deficiency, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, and L-cysteine cause independent changes in gastric juice and salivary acetaldehyde levels, indicating that intragastric acetaldehyde is locally regulated by gastric mucosal ADH and ALDH2 enzymes, and by oral microbes colonizing an achlorhydric stomach. Markedly elevated acetaldehyde levels were also found at low intragastric ethanol concentrations corresponding to the ethanol levels of many foodstuffs, beverages, and dairy products produced by fermentation. A capsule that slowly releases L-cysteine effectively eliminated acetaldehyde from the gastric juice of PPI-treated ALDH2-active and ALDH2-deficient subjects. These results provide entirely novel perspectives for the prevention of gastric cancer, especially in established risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Maejima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iijima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Pertti Kaihovaara
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Imatani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikko Salaspuro
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Oberbeck N, Langevin F, King G, de Wind N, Crossan GP, Patel KJ. Maternal aldehyde elimination during pregnancy preserves the fetal genome. Mol Cell 2014; 55:807-817. [PMID: 25155611 PMCID: PMC4175174 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Maternal metabolism provides essential nutrients to enable embryonic development. However, both mother and embryo produce reactive metabolites that can damage DNA. Here we discover how the embryo is protected from these genotoxins. Pregnant mice lacking Aldh2, a key enzyme that detoxifies reactive aldehydes, cannot support the development of embryos lacking the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway gene Fanca. Remarkably, transferring Aldh2(-/-)Fanca(-/-) embryos into wild-type mothers suppresses developmental defects and rescues embryonic lethality. These rescued neonates have severely depleted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, indicating that despite intact maternal aldehyde catabolism, fetal Aldh2 is essential for hematopoiesis. Hence, maternal and fetal aldehyde detoxification protects the developing embryo from DNA damage. Failure of this genome preservation mechanism might explain why birth defects and bone marrow failure occur in Fanconi anemia, and may have implications for fetal well-being in the many women in Southeast Asia that are genetically deficient in ALDH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Oberbeck
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Frédéric Langevin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Gareth King
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Niels de Wind
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerry P Crossan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Ketan J Patel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Department of Medicine, Level 5, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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32
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Nieminen MT, Novak-Frazer L, Rautemaa W, Rajendran R, Sorsa T, Ramage G, Bowyer P, Rautemaa R. A novel antifungal is active against Candida albicans biofilms and inhibits mutagenic acetaldehyde production in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101859. [PMID: 24991987 PMCID: PMC4081779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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33
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Xie W, Sun J, Zhang X, Melzig MF. Necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) response in human hepatoma HepG2 cells treated with hepatotoxic agents. Pharmazie 2014; 69:379-384. [PMID: 24855832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays an essential role in xenobiotic metabolism including alcohol and drugs. Oxidative stress that usually occurs during the hepatic metabolism participates in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Inflammatory cytokines that exist in liver in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions may change the hepatic toxic response to hepatotoxicants. The human hepatoma cell line HepG2 is frequently used as in vitro model for biomedical studies. In this work, HepG2 cells were pre-incubated with or without TNF-alpha, and then treated with ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetaminophen and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, respectively. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The data showed that HepG2 cells were generally resistant to xenobiotic compounds, especially to alcohol and acetaldehyde, which may be partially caused by the absence of specific cytochrome P450 systems in these cells. TNF-alpha could sensitize the toxic response of HepG2 cells to those exogenous compounds, indicating the important role of TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of alcohol, drugs and oxidant related liver diseases.
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34
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Kadirova ZC, Hojamberdiev M, Katsumata KI, Isobe T, Matsushita N, Nakajima A, Okada K. Photodegradation of gaseous acetaldehyde and methylene blue in aqueous solution with titanium dioxide-loaded activated carbon fiber polymer materials and aquatic plant ecotoxicity tests. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:4309-4319. [PMID: 24310906 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
TiO2-supported activated carbon felts (TiO2-ACFTs) were prepared by dip coating of felts composed of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) with either polyester fibers (PS-A20) and/or a polyethylene pulp (PE-W15) in a TiO2 aqueous suspension followed by calcination at 250 °C for 1 h. The as-prepared TiO2-ACFTs with 29-35 wt.% TiO2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption. The TiO2-ACFT(PS-A20) samples with 0 and 29 wt.% TiO2 were microporous with specific surface areas (S BET) of 996 and 738 m(2)/g, respectively, whereas the TiO2-ACFT(PE-W15) samples with 0 and 35 wt.% TiO2 were mesoporous with S BET of 826 and 586 m(2)/g, respectively. Adsorption and photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples were evaluated by measuring adsorption in the dark and photodegradation of gaseous acetaldehyde (AcH) and methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution under UV light. The TiO2 loading caused a considerable decrease in the S BET and MB adsorption capacity along with an increase in MB photodegradation and AcH mineralization. Lemna minor was chosen as a representative aquatic plant for ecotoxicity tests measuring detoxification of water obtained from the MB photodegradation reaction with the TiO2-ACFT samples under UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zukhra C Kadirova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Mirzo Ulugbek Street 77A, Tashkent, 100170, Uzbekistan,
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35
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Brooks PJ, Zakhari S. Acetaldehyde and the genome: beyond nuclear DNA adducts and carcinogenesis. Environ Mol Mutagen 2014; 55:77-91. [PMID: 24282063 DOI: 10.1002/em.21824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The designation of acetaldehyde associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has brought renewed attention to the biological effects of acetaldehyde, as the primary oxidative metabolite of alcohol. Therefore, the overall focus of this review is on acetaldehyde and its direct and indirect effects on the nuclear and mitochondrial genome. We first consider different acetaldehyde-DNA adducts, including a critical assessment of the evidence supporting a role for acetaldehyde-DNA adducts in alcohol related carcinogenesis, and consideration of additional data needed to make a conclusion. We also review recent data on the role of the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway in protecting against acetaldehyde genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, as well as teratogenicity. We also review evidence from the older literature that acetaldehyde may impact the genome indirectly, via the formation of adducts with proteins that are themselves critically involved in the maintenance of genetic and epigenetic stability. Finally, we note the lack of information regarding acetaldehyde effects on the mitochondrial genome, which is notable since aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), the primary acetaldehyde metabolic enzyme, is located in the mitochondrion, and roughly 30% of East Asian individuals are deficient in ALDH2 activity due to a genetic variant in the ALDH2 gene. In summary, a comprehensive understanding of all of the mechanisms by which acetaldehyde impacts the function of the genome has implications not only for alcohol and cancer, but types of alcohol related pathologies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Brooks
- Division of Metabolism and Health Effects, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
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36
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Lui S, Jones RL, Robinson NJ, Greenwood SL, Aplin JD, Tower CL. Detrimental effects of ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde, on first trimester human placental cell turnover and function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87328. [PMID: 24503565 PMCID: PMC3913587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) describes developmental issues from high maternal alcohol intake, which commonly results in fetal growth restriction and long term morbidity. We aimed to investigate the effect of alcohol and acetaldehyde, on the first trimester placenta, the period essential for normal fetal organogenesis. Normal invasion and establishment of the placenta during this time are essential for sustaining fetal viability to term. We hypothesise that alcohol (ethanol) and acetaldehyde have detrimental effects on cytotrophoblast invasion, turnover and placental function. Taurine is an important amino acid for neuronal and physiological development, and so, its uptake was assayed in cells and placental explants exposed to alcohol or acetaldehyde. First trimester villous explants and BeWo cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, 40 mM ethanol or 0, 10, 20, 40 µM acetaldehyde. The invasive capacity of SGHPL4, a first trimester extravillous cytotrophoblast cell line, was unaffected by ethanol or acetaldehyde (p>0.05; N = 6). The cells in-cycle were estimated using immunostaining for Ki67. Proliferating trophoblast cells treated with ethanol were decreased in both experiments (explants: 40% at 20 mM and 40 mM, p<0.05, N = 8–9) (cell line: 5% at 20 mM and 40 mM, p<0.05, N = 6). Acetaldehyde also reduced Ki67-positive cells in both experiments (explants at 40 µM p<0.05; N = 6) (cell line at 10 µM and 40 µM; p<0.05; N = 7). Only in the cell line at 20 µM acetaldehyde demonstrated increased apoptosis (p<0.05; N = 6). Alcohol inhibited taurine transport in BeWo cells at 10 mM and 40 mM (p<0.05; N = 6), and in placenta at 40 mM (p<0.05; N = 7). Acetaldehyde did not affect taurine transport in either model (P<0.05; N = 6). Interestingly, system A amino acid transport in placental explants was increased at 10 µM and 40 µM acetaldehyde exposure (p<0.05; N = 6). Our results demonstrate that exposure to both genotoxins may contribute to the pathogenesis of FASD by reducing placental growth. Alcohol also reduces the transport of taurine, which is vital for developmental neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Lui
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rebecca L. Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie J. Robinson
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L. Greenwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L. Tower
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Mukhamedieval LN, Oganesyan MV, Tatarkin SV, Shafirkin AV. [Morphologic changes in mice trachea, bronchi and lungs after prolonged combined radiation and inhaled chemical exposure]. Aviakosm Ekolog Med 2014; 48:13-20. [PMID: 26035994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of morphology and morphometry of the breathing organs (trachea, bronchi and lungs) and immunogenesis of mice subject to a combined sequential exposure to fractionated external γ-irradiation by the total dose of 350 cGy and a mix of acetone, ethanol and acetaldehyde in MPCs for piloted spacecrafts simulating the estimated levels in crewed exploration missions were conducted. Morphologic changes in the breathing organs of animals after space missions point to immunogenesis activation and appearance of a "structural trace" as a chronic inflammation with the growth of fibrous connective tissue in tracheal, bronchial and lung walls, increase in volume fractions of glands and vessels and reduction in loose fibrous connective tissue. Formation of the fibrous connective tissue was particularly noticeable in respiratory parts of the breathing organs suggesting a high risk of long-term adverse effects.
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Rom O, Kaisari S, Aizenbud D, Reznick AZ. The effects of acetaldehyde and acrolein on muscle catabolism in C2 myotubes. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:190-200. [PMID: 23792774 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The toxic aldehydes acetaldehyde and acrolein were previously suggested to damage skeletal muscle. Several conditions in which exposure to acetaldehyde and acrolein is increased were associated with muscle wasting and dysfunction. These include alcoholic myopathy, renal failure, oxidative stress, and inflammation. A main exogenous source of both acetaldehyde and acrolein is cigarette smoking, which was previously associated with increased muscle catabolism. Recently, we have shown that exposure of skeletal myotubes to cigarette smoke stimulated muscle catabolism via increased oxidative stress, activation of p38 MAPK, and upregulation of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of acetaldehyde and acrolein on catabolism of skeletal muscle. Skeletal myotubes differentiated from the C2 myoblast cell line were exposed to acetaldehyde or acrolein and their effects on signaling pathways related to muscle catabolism were studied. Exposure of myotubes to acetaldehyde did not promote muscle catabolism. However, exposure to acrolein caused increased generation of free radicals, activation of p38 MAPK, upregulation of the muscle-specific E3 ligases atrogin-1 and MuRF1, degradation of myosin heavy chain, and atrophy of myotubes. Inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 abolished acrolein-induced muscle catabolism. Our findings demonstrate that acrolein but not acetaldehyde activates a signaling cascade resulting in muscle catabolism in skeletal myotubes. Although within the limitations of an in vitro study, these findings indicate that acrolein may promote muscle wasting in conditions of increased exposure to this aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Bat Galim, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Sharon Kaisari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Bat Galim, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Dror Aizenbud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Bat Galim, Haifa 31096, Israel; Orthodontic and Craniofacial Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Bat Galim, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Abraham Z Reznick
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Bat Galim, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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Uemura T, Tanaka Y, Higashi K, Miyamori D, Takasaka T, Nagano T, Toida T, Yoshimoto K, Igarashi K, Ikegaya H. Acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity involves induction of spermine oxidase at the transcriptional level. Toxicology 2013; 310:1-7. [PMID: 23707493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol consumption causes serious liver injury including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Ethanol is metabolized mainly in the liver to acetic acid through acetaldehyde. We investigated the effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on polyamine metabolism since polyamines are essential factors for normal cellular functions. We found that acetaldehyde induced spermine oxidase (SMO) at the transcriptional level in HepG2 cells. The levels and activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (SSAT) were not affected by acetaldehyde. Spermidine content was increased and spermine content was decreased by acetaldehyde treatment. Knockdown of SMO expression using siRNA reduced acetaldehyde toxicity. Acetaldehyde exposure increased free acrolein levels. An increase of acrolein by acetaldehyde was SMO dependent. Our results indicate that cytotoxicity of acetaldehyde involves, at least in part, oxidation of spermine to spermidine by SMO, which is induced by acetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Uemura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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Moeller BC, Recio L, Green A, Sun W, Wright FA, Bodnar WM, Swenberg JA. Biomarkers of exposure and effect in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells following [13C2]-acetaldehyde exposure. Toxicol Sci 2013; 133:1-12. [PMID: 23425604 PMCID: PMC3627555 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The dose-response relationship for biomarkers of exposure (N(2)-ethylidene-dG adducts) and effect (cell survival and micronucleus formation) was determined across 4.5 orders of magnitude (50nM-2mM) using [(13)C2]-acetaldehyde exposures to human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells for 12h. There was a clear increase in exogenous N (2)-ethylidene-dG formation at exposure concentrations ≥ 1µM, whereas the endogenous adducts remained nearly constant across all exposure concentrations, with an average of 3.0 adducts/10(7) dG. Exogenous adducts were lower than endogenous adducts at concentrations ≤ 10µM and were greater than endogenous adducts at concentrations ≥ 250µM. When the endogenous and exogenous adducts were summed together, statistically significant increases in total adduct formation over the endogenous background occurred at 50µM. Cell survival and micronucleus formation were monitored across the exposure range and statistically significant decreases in cell survival and increases in micronucleus formation occurred at ≥ 1000µM. This research supports the hypothesis that endogenously produced reactive species, including acetaldehyde, are always present and constitute the majority of the observed biological effects following very low exposures to exogenous acetaldehyde. These data can replace default assumptions of linear extrapolation to very low doses of exogenous acetaldehyde for risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Moeller
- *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | | | | | - Wei Sun
- ‡Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health
- §Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, and
| | | | - Wanda M. Bodnar
- ¶Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - James A. Swenberg
- *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- ¶Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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Li BG, Li WB, Feng XG, Dong Y, Wu MS, Shao ZT, Mu LX, Tian SH, Li P, Gao LP, Xiong K, Dong XQ. [Molluscicidal effect of suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide in fields of mountainous areas in Yunnan Province]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2012; 24:564-566. [PMID: 23373266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide (MNSC) in the fields of mountainous areas in Yunnan Province. METHODS Some representative Oncomelania snail environments of schistosomiasis endemic regions were selected as study areas in Heqing County, Yunnan Province and 26% MNSC and 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPN) were used to kill the snails with the mechanical spraying and sprinkler spraying methods respectively. RESULTS Seven, 15, 30 days after the spraying with the mechanical spraying method, in corn fields, the snail mortality rates were from 88.68% to 92.88% in the MNSC group, and from 89.86% to 90.32% in the WPN group respectively, and in the ditch, the snail mortality rates were from 89.97% to 94.46% in the MNSC group and from 90.08% to 96.74% in the WPN group respectively, and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P > 0.05); 7, 15, 30 days after the spraying with the sprinkler spraying method, in corn fields, the snail mortality rates were from 66.14% to 89.11% in the MNSC group, and from 78.40% to 91.22% in the WPN group, respectively, in the ditch, the snail mortality rates were from 84.13% to 94.27% in the MNSC group, and from 85.81% to 95.26% in the WPN group respectively, and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION 26% MNSC has good molluscicidal effect in the fields of mountainous areas in Yunnan Province
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Gui Li
- Schistosomiasis Station of Heqing County, Yunnan Province, Heqing 671500, China
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Garaycoechea JI, Crossan GP, Langevin F, Daly M, Arends MJ, Patel KJ. Genotoxic consequences of endogenous aldehydes on mouse haematopoietic stem cell function. Nature 2012; 489:571-5. [PMID: 22922648 DOI: 10.1038/nature11368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) regenerate blood cells throughout the lifespan of an organism. With age, the functional quality of HSCs declines, partly owing to the accumulation of damaged DNA. However, the factors that damage DNA and the protective mechanisms that operate in these cells are poorly understood. We have recently shown that the Fanconi anaemia DNA-repair pathway counteracts the genotoxic effects of reactive aldehydes. Mice with combined inactivation of aldehyde catabolism (through Aldh2 knockout) and the Fanconi anaemia DNA-repair pathway (Fancd2 knockout) display developmental defects, a predisposition to leukaemia, and are susceptible to the toxic effects of ethanol-an exogenous source of acetaldehyde. Here we report that aged Aldh2(-/-) Fancd2(-/-) mutant mice that do not develop leukaemia spontaneously develop aplastic anaemia, with the concomitant accumulation of damaged DNA within the haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) pool. Unexpectedly, we find that only HSPCs, and not more mature blood precursors, require Aldh2 for protection against acetaldehyde toxicity. Additionally, the aldehyde-oxidizing activity of HSPCs, as measured by Aldefluor stain, is due to Aldh2 and correlates with this protection. Finally, there is more than a 600-fold reduction in the HSC pool of mice deficient in both Fanconi anaemia pathway-mediated DNA repair and acetaldehyde detoxification. Therefore, the emergence of bone marrow failure in Fanconi anaemia is probably due to aldehyde-mediated genotoxicity restricted to the HSPC pool. These findings identify a new link between endogenous reactive metabolites and DNA damage in HSCs, and define the protective mechanisms that counteract this threat.
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Schubert J, Heinke V, Bewersdorff J, Luch A, Schulz TG. Waterpipe smoking: the role of humectants in the release of toxic carbonyls. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:1309-16. [PMID: 22707202 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of waterpipe smokers has increased substantially worldwide. Here, we present a study on the identification and quantification of seven carbonylic compounds including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein in the mainstream smoke of the waterpipe. Smoking was conducted with a smoking machine, and carbonyls were scavenged from the smoke with two impingers containing an acidic solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The derivatives were then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For instance, during one waterpipe smoking session, up to 111 ± 12 μg formaldehyde could be detected. This value is about 5 times higher when compared to one 2R4F reference cigarette. We also found a distinct filter effect of the bowl water for all carbonyls investigated. Our data further demonstrate that increasing amounts of humectants in the unburned tobacco lowers the temperature in the waterpipe head during smoking, thereby resulting in decreasing levels of carbonyls in the smoke produced. Altogether, considerable amounts of toxic carbonyls are present in the waterpipe smoke, thus conferring a health risk to waterpipe smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schubert
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Berlin, Germany.
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44
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Tatarkin SV, Shafirkin AV, Mukhamedieva LN, Barantseva MI, Ivanova SM. [Adaptation processes in mice during chronic combined exposure to radiation and chemical compounds (acetone, ethanol, acetaldehyde) innate to exploration missions]. Aviakosm Ekolog Med 2012; 46:20-27. [PMID: 23074946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports the results of experimental investigation with mice subjected to 63-day of daily 10-fold fractionated gamma-irradiation at the total dose of 350 cGy followed by 70-day exposure to chemical mixture (acetone, ethanol, acetate aldehyde) at close to maximum permissible concentrations innate to piloted space vehicles (MPCpsv). Measured levels of radiation and known radiation sensitivity of mice were used to model absorbed dose to cosmonauts on an exploration mission. Functional shifts in the hematopoietic system and changes in biochemical parameters of erythrocytes indicative of energy exchange and redox potential were tracked up during the combined radiation-chemical exposure and 90 days of recovery. It was shown that adaptation caused pronounced and strongly pronounced tension of regulatory mechanisms, particularly under the effects of radiation. High tension still persisted in the recovery period.
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45
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[Shifts in the mice blood-forming system and energy exchange of erythrocytes due to chronic exposure to chemical agents (acetone, ethanol, acetaldehyde) and radiation in concentrations and doses modeling the conditions in extended orbital mission]. Aviakosm Ekolog Med 2012; 46:21-8. [PMID: 22953536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of an investigation with mice subjected to isolated and successive exposure to a blend of chemical agents (acetone, ethanol, acetaldehyde) at MPC levels defined for piloted space vehicles followed by fractionated gamma-irradiation by daily 1 cGy (30 cGy total). The selected chemicals are the primary contributors to total air contamination and present in the prioritized list of compounds to be monitored to ensure air quality on piloted space vehicles. Radiation levels were determined with allowance for mice radiosensitivity to simulate the actual absorbed dose accumulated by crewmembers of orbital mission of up to a year in duration (10 cGy). Based on the findings in the hematopoietic system and erythrocyte biochemistry, energy exchange and redox parameters, pre-irradiation exposure to chemical agents within the MPC limits accentuated radiosensitivity gravely and, therefore, made mouse organism less tolerant to radiation. It was shown that adaptation of the hematopoietic system calls forth activation and significant straining of regulatory mechanisms equally in opposing to a single factor or combination of chemical and radiation exposure. The marked tension of these mechanisms persisted till day 30 of recovery.
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46
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Paget V, Lechevrel M, André V, Le Goff J, Pottier D, Billet S, Garçon G, Shirali P, Sichel F. Benzo[a]pyrene, aflatoxine B₁ and acetaldehyde mutational patterns in TP53 gene using a functional assay: relevance to human cancer aetiology. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30921. [PMID: 22319594 PMCID: PMC3272023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the TP53 gene are the most common alterations in human tumours. TP53 mutational patterns have sometimes been linked to carcinogen exposure. In hepatocellular carcinoma, a specific G>T transversion on codon 249 is classically described as a fingerprint of aflatoxin B1 exposure. Likewise G>T transversions in codons 157 and 158 have been related to tobacco exposure in human lung cancers. However, controversies remain about the interpretation of TP53 mutational pattern in tumours as the fingerprint of genotoxin exposure. By using a functional assay, the Functional Analysis of Separated Alleles in Yeast (FASAY), the present study depicts the mutational pattern of TP53 in normal human fibroblasts after in vitro exposure to well-known carcinogens: benzo[a]pyrene, aflatoxin B1 and acetaldehyde. These in vitro patterns of mutations were then compared to those found in human tumours by using the IARC database of TP53 mutations. The results show that the TP53 mutational patterns found in human tumours can be only partly ascribed to genotoxin exposure. A complex interplay between the functional impact of the mutations on p53 phenotype and the cancer natural history may affect these patterns. However, our results strongly support that genotoxins exposure plays a major role in the aetiology of the considered cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Paget
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer-EA 1772, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant-EA 4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Lechevrel
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer-EA 1772, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Véronique André
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer-EA 1772, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Jérémie Le Goff
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer-EA 1772, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Didier Pottier
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer-EA 1772, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Billet
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant-EA 4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Garçon
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant-EA 4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Pirouz Shirali
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant-EA 4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - François Sichel
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer-EA 1772, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
- * E-mail:
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Wyatt TA, Kharbanda KK, McCaskill ML, Tuma DJ, Yanov D, DeVasure J, Sisson JH. Malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde-adducted protein inhalation causes lung injury. Alcohol 2012; 46:51-9. [PMID: 21958604 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In addition to cigarette smoking, alcohol exposure is also associated with increased lung infections and decreased mucociliary clearance. However, little research has been conducted on the combination effects of alcohol and cigarette smoke on lungs. Previously, we have demonstrated in a mouse model that the combination of cigarette smoke and alcohol exposure results in the formation of a very stable hybrid malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA)-adducted protein in the lung. In in vitro studies, MAA-adducted protein stimulates bronchial epithelial cell interleukin-8 (IL-8) via the activation of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCɛ). We hypothesized that direct MAA-adducted protein exposure in the lungs would mimic such a combination of smoke and alcohol exposure leading to airway inflammation. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6J female mice were intranasally instilled with either saline, 30μL of 50μg/mL bovine serum albumin (BSA)-MAA, or unadducted BSA for up to 3 weeks. Likewise, human lung surfactant proteins A and D (SPA and SPD) were purified from human pulmonary proteinosis lung lavage fluid and successfully MAA-adducted in vitro. Similar to BSA-MAA, SPD-MAA was instilled into mouse lungs. Lungs were necropsied and assayed for histopathology, PKCɛ activation, and lung lavage chemokines. In control mice instilled with saline, normal lungs had few inflammatory cells. No significant effects were observed in unadducted BSA- or SPD-instilled mice. However, when mice were instilled with BSA-MAA or SPD-MAA for 3 weeks, a significant peribronchiolar localization of inflammatory cells was observed. Both BSA-MAA and SPD-MAA stimulated increased lung lavage neutrophils and caused a significant elevation in the chemokine, keratinocyte chemokine, which is a functional homologue to human IL-8. Likewise, MAA-adducted protein stimulated the activation of airway and lung slice PKCɛ. These data support that the MAA-adducted protein induces a proinflammatory response in the lungs and that the lung surfactant protein is a biologically relevant target for malondialdehyde and acetaldehyde adduction. These data further implicate MAA-adduct formation as a potential mechanism for smoke- and alcohol-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Wyatt
- Research Service, Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
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Pigolkin II, Morozov IE, Mamedov VK. [Forensic medical diagnostics of acute and chronic alcohol intoxication]. Sud Med Ekspert 2012; 55:30-33. [PMID: 22567953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The principal characteristics and results of experimental studies on the problem of acute and chronic alcohol intoxication are presented. The mechanisms of toxic action of ethanol and acetaldehyde are considered with special reference to the comprehensive qualitative estimation of these toxicants and their pathomorphological effects in the target organs. The influence of ethanol-oxidizing enzyme systems in the brain on the development of alcohol tolerance is illustrated. The mechanisms of hormonal regulation via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the case of exogenous alcoholemia are considered. The dependence of pathological morphological changes in the brain, hypophysis, and adrenal glands on the stage and severity of alcoholic intoxication has been elucidated. Criteria for the morphological and histochemical evaluation of the degree of alcohol-induced lesions and the severity of abstinence syndrome have been developed. The role of alcohol effects in tanatogenesis associated with alcohol-induced diseases is discussed.
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Dai L, Wang W, Dong X, Hu R, Nan X. Molluscicidal activity of cardiac glycosides from Nerium indicum against Pomacea canaliculata and its implications for the mechanisms of toxicity. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 32:226-232. [PMID: 21843803 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides from fresh leaves of Nerium indicum were evaluated for its molluscicidal activity against Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail: GAS) under laboratory conditions. The results showed that LC(50) value of cardiac glycosides against GAS was time dependent and the LC(50) value at 96 h was as low as 3.71 mg/L, which was comparable with that of metaldehyde at 72 h (3.88 mg/L). These results indicate that cardiac glycosides could be an effective molluscicide against GAS. The toxicological mechanism of cardiac glucosides on GAS was also evaluated through changes of selected biochemical parameters, including cholinesterase (ChE) and esterase (EST) activities, glycogen and protein contents in hepatopancreas tissues of GAS. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of cardiac glycosides, GAS showed lower activities of EST isozyme in the later stages of the exposure period as well as drastically decreased glycogen content, although total protein content was not affected at the end of 24 and 48 h followed by a significant depletion at the end of 72 and 96 h. The initial increase followed by a decline of ChE activity was also observed during the experiment. These results suggest that cardiac glycosides seriously impair normal physiological metabolism, resulting in fatal alterations in major biochemical constituents of hepatopancreas tissues of P. canaliculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingpeng Dai
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China.
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50
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Zhong L, Zhu J, Lv T, Chen G, Sun H, Yang X, Huang X, Tian J. Ethanol and its metabolites induce histone lysine 9 acetylation and an alteration of the expression of heart development-related genes in cardiac progenitor cells. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2011; 10:268-74. [PMID: 20811785 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-010-9081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol exposure during pregnancy may cause congenital heart disease (CHD), but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Recent evidence suggests that ethanol and its metabolites can selectively increase histone H3 acetylation at lysine 9 (H3AcK9) residue in rat hepatocytes. This may be a mechanism by which ethanol alters gene expression. The goal of current study is to investigate the effect of ethanol and its metabolites on H3AcK9 acetylation and the mRNA expression of heart development-related genes (GATA4, Mef2c, and Tbx5) in cardiac progenitor cells. We used mitochondrial activity (MTT) assay to assess the viability of cardiac progenitor cells. Western blotting and real-time PCR were employed to determine H3AcK9 acetylation and gene expression. Low levels of ethanol (50 mM), acetaldehyde (4 mM), and acetate (4 mM) had no effect on cell proliferation. However, high concentrations of ethanol (200 mM), acetaldehyde (12 mM), and acetate (16 mM) reduced cell viability by 30%, respectively (P < 0.05). Low levels of ethanol and acetate increased the acetylation of H3 lysine 9 by 2.4- and 2.2-fold, respectively (P < 0.05), but did not significantly change the expression of the heart development-related genes. High concentrations of ethanol and acetate increased H3 lysine 9 acetylation by 5.3- and 5.6-fold, respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, high levels of ethanol and acetate significantly augmented the expression of GATA4 and Mef2c. Conversely, acetaldehyde (4 or 12 mM) had little effect on H3 lysine 9 acetylation or the expression of the heart development-related genes. Our studies demonstrate that high levels of ethanol or its metabolites induce H3AcK9 acetylation and impair cardiac progenitor cells. The altered histone H3 acetylation at lysine 9 has an important impact on the expression of the heart development-related genes, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying the alcohol-induced CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhong Shan Er Road, Yu Zhong District, 400014 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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