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Thathamangalam Ananthanarayanan A, Raavi V, Srinivas Kondaveeti S, Ramachandran I, Perumal V. Insights on the Radiation-Induced Adaptive Response at the Cellular Level and Its Implications in Cancer Therapy. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:257-273. [PMID: 37906989 DOI: 10.1159/000534500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of resistance upon exposure to small doses of ionizing radiation followed by higher doses is known as radiation-induced adaptive response (RIAR). Traditionally, the induction of the RIAR phenomenon at the cellular level has been examined in cell lines, animal models, and epidemiological studies where people live in high natural background radiation. SUMMARY The primary intention of the earlier studies was to corroborate the existence of RIAR and the mechanism involved in mediating the response surveyed by exposure to a low dose of radiation (<500 mGy) as priming dose toward the radiation protection point of view. However, the investigation has shifted the focus to understand the relevance of this phenomenon at clinically relevant set-ups (high doses in the order of Gy) and can be exploited during radiotherapy as RIAR is considered a mechanism for the development of radioresistance. Although the knowledge of molecular mechanisms at the cellular level has evolved significantly in multi-fractionated radiotherapy regimes, its relevance in developing radioresistance at low doses remains elusive. The authors recapitulate the existing knowledge on RIAR at cellular levels, specifically after low-dose exposure as an adaptive dose, and discussed its potential implications in clinical radiotherapy outcomes. KEY MESSAGES Recent studies have contributed to understand the signaling molecules, pathways, and inhibitors to mitigate RIAR-mediated radiation resistance and persistent radio-tolerance at the cellular level. Monitoring the disease progression in tumor samples or liquid biopsies before, during, and after therapy with suitable biomarkers has been proposed as a strategy to translate the phenomena into clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Tamaka, Kolar, India
| | - Satish Srinivas Kondaveeti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SRMC and RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Ilangovan Ramachandran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, India
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Ramadhani D, Purnami S, Tetriana D, Sugoro I, Suvifan VA, Rahadjeng N, Wanandi SI, Wibowo H, Kashiwakura I, Miura T, Syaifudin M. Chromosome aberrations, micronucleus frequency, and catalase concentration in a population chronically exposed to high levels of radon. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:1188-1203. [PMID: 35930491 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To deepen our knowledge on the effects of high levels of indoor radon exposure, we assessed the frequencies of unstable and stable chromosome aberrations and micronucleus (MN), as well as the concentration of an endogenous antioxidant (catalase, CAT), in blood samples of individuals chronically exposed to high indoor radon concentrations in Indonesia (Tande-Tande sub-village, Mamuju, West Sulawesi). Moreover, we also investigated the occurrence of a radio-adaptive response (RAR) in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants using the G2 MN assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS The frequencies of dicentric (DC), acentric (AF), ring (R), and translocation (Tr) chromosomes in Tande-Tande inhabitants were compared to those in people living in a reference area with low levels of indoor radon levels (Topoyo village, Indonesia). The number of MN per 1000 binucleated cells (BNC) and CAT concentration per total protein was quantified and compared between groups. Lastly, we irradiated (2 Gy) phytohemagglutinin-stimulated samples in vitro and measured the frequency of MN to verify the occurrence of a RAR in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The frequencies of DC, AF, and Tr did not differ between Tande-Tande inhabitants and control subjects (p = 0.350, 0.521, 0.597). The frequency of MN in Tande-Tande inhabitants was significantly lower than that in the control group (p = 0.006). Similarly, CAT concentration in Tande-Tande inhabitants was also significantly lower than that in the control population (p < 0.001). Significant negative correlations were identified for MN number and CAT concentration versus indoor radon concentration, annual effective dose, or cumulative dose both within groups and when all data were analyzed together. Our findings indicate that, despite the high indoor radon levels, Tande-Tande inhabitants are not under oxidative stress, since this group had lower CAT concentration and MN frequency than those in the control group. The negative correlation between MN frequency and indoor radon concentration, annual effective dose, and cumulative dose suggests the occurrence of an RAR phenomenon in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants. This interpretation is also supported by the results of the G2 MN assay, which revealed lower MN frequencies after in vitro irradiation of samples from Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants than those in samples from the control group (p = 0.0069, for cumulative MN frequency; p = 0.0146, for radiation-induced MN only).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Ramadhani
- Doctoral Program for Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sofiati Purnami
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Devita Tetriana
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Sugoro
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Viria Agesti Suvifan
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nastiti Rahadjeng
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Septelia Inawati Wanandi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mukh Syaifudin
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Hu C, Nawrocki WJ, Croce R. Long-term adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana to far-red light. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:3002-3014. [PMID: 33599977 PMCID: PMC8453498 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants use carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b to harvest solar energy in the visible region (400-700 nm), but they make little use of the far-red (FR) light. Instead, some cyanobacteria have developed the ability to use FR light by redesigning their photosynthetic apparatus and synthesizing red-shifted chlorophylls. Implementing this strategy in plants is considered promising to increase crop yield. To prepare for this, a characterization of the FR light-induced changes in plants is necessary. Here, we explore the behaviour of Arabidopsis thaliana upon exposure to FR light by following the changes in morphology, physiology and composition of the photosynthetic complexes. We found that after FR-light treatment, the ratio between the photosystems and their antenna size drastically readjust in an attempt to rebalance the energy input to support electron transfer. Despite a large increase in PSBS accumulation, these adjustments result in strong photoinhibition when FR-adapted plants are exposed to light again. Crucially, FR light-induced changes in the photosynthetic membrane are not the result of senescence, but are a response to the excitation imbalance between the photosystems. This indicates that an increase in the FR absorption by the photosystems should be sufficient for boosting photosynthetic activity in FR light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wojciech J. Nawrocki
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Mouginot P, Luviano Aparicio N, Gourcilleau D, Latutrie M, Marin S, Hemptinne JL, Grunau C, Pujol B. Phenotypic Response to Light Versus Shade Associated with DNA Methylation Changes in Snapdragon Plants ( Antirrhinum majus). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:227. [PMID: 33557416 PMCID: PMC7914928 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic plasticity of plants in response to change in their light environment, and in particularly, to shade is a schoolbook example of ecologically relevant phenotypic plasticity with evolutionary adaptive implications. Epigenetic variation is known to potentially underlie plant phenotypic plasticity. Yet, little is known about its role in ecologically and evolutionary relevant mechanisms shaping the diversity of plant populations in nature. Here we used a reference-free reduced representation bisulfite sequencing method for non-model organisms (epiGBS) to investigate changes in DNA methylation patterns across the genome in snapdragon plants (Antirrhinum majus L.). We exposed plants to sunlight versus artificially induced shade in four highly inbred lines to exclude genetic confounding effects. Our results showed that phenotypic plasticity in response to light versus shade shaped vegetative traits. They also showed that DNA methylation patterns were modified under light versus shade, with a trend towards global effects over the genome but with large effects found on a restricted portion. We also detected the existence of a correlation between phenotypic and epigenetic variation that neither supported nor rejected its potential role in plasticity. While our findings imply epigenetic changes in response to light versus shade environments in snapdragon plants, whether these changes are directly involved in the phenotypic plastic response of plants remains to be investigated. Our approach contributed to this new finding but illustrates the limits in terms of sample size and statistical power of population epigenetic approaches in non-model organisms. Pushing this boundary will be necessary before the relationship between environmentally induced epigenetic changes and phenotypic plasticity is clarified for ecologically relevant mechanisms with evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierick Mouginot
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX 9, 66860 Perpignan, France; (P.M.); (M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Nelia Luviano Aparicio
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), 66860 Perpignan, France; (N.L.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Delphine Gourcilleau
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB, UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, Bat 4R1, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (D.G.); (J.-L.H.)
| | - Mathieu Latutrie
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX 9, 66860 Perpignan, France; (P.M.); (M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Marin
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX 9, 66860 Perpignan, France; (P.M.); (M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Jean-Louis Hemptinne
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB, UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, Bat 4R1, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (D.G.); (J.-L.H.)
| | - Christoph Grunau
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), 66860 Perpignan, France; (N.L.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Benoit Pujol
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX 9, 66860 Perpignan, France; (P.M.); (M.L.); (S.M.)
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Golubtsov AS, Korostelev NB, Levin BA. Monsters with a shortened vertebral column: A population phenomenon in radiating fish Labeobarbus (Cyprinidae). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0239639. [PMID: 33471803 PMCID: PMC7817016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of a massive vertebral deformity was recorded in the radiating Labeobarbus assemblage from the middle reaches of the Genale River (south-eastern Ethiopia, East Africa). Within this sympatric assemblage, five trophic morphs—generalized, lipped, piscivorous and two scraping feeders—were reported between 1993 and 2019. In 2009, a new morph with prevalence of ~10% was discovered. The new morph, termed ‘short’, had an abnormally shortened vertebral column and a significantly deeper body. This type of deformity is common in farmed Atlantic salmon and other artificially reared fish, but is rare in nature. In the Genale Labeobarbus assemblage, the deformity was present exclusively within the generalized and lipped morphs. The short morph had between seven and 36 deformed (compressed and/or fused) vertebrae. Their body depth was positively correlated with number of deformed vertebrae. In another collection in 2019, the short morph was still present at a frequency of 11%. Various environmental and genetic factors could contribute to the development of this deformity in the Genale Labeobarbus, but based on the available data, it is impossible to confidently identify the key factor(s). Whether the result of genetics, the environment, or both, this deep-bodied phenotype is assumed to be an anti-predator adaptation, as there is evidence of its selective advantage in the generalized morph. The Genale monstrosity is the first reported case of a massive deformity of the vertebral column in a natural population of African fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Golubtsov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai B. Korostelev
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris A. Levin
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
- Cherepovets State University, Cherepovets, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Singh B, Patwardhan RS, Jayakumar S, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Oxidative stress associated metabolic adaptations regulate radioresistance in human lung cancer cells. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020; 213:112080. [PMID: 33232882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Differential inherent and acquired radioresistance of human lung cancer cells contribute to poor therapeutic outcome and tumor recurrence after radiotherapy. Inherent radioresistance of lung cancer cells is known to be associated with ROSLow cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, mechanism of acquired radioresistance in lung cancer cells is poorly understood. Here, we exposed human lung cancer cells (A549) to a cumulative dose of 40Gy and allowed the radioresistant (RR) survivors to divide and form macroscopic colonies after each fraction of 5Gy dose. The RR subline exhibited enrichment of cytosolic ROSHigh cells without specific increase in mitochondrial ROS levels. We found a concomitant increase in the expression of redox regulatory transcription factor Nrf2 and its dependent antioxidant genes in RR cells and cell cycle delay as compared to parental cells. The treatment of RR cells with Nrf2 inhibitor resulted in decreased clonogenic survival indicating their addiction to Nrf2 for metabolic adaptations under high levels of cytosolic ROS. A causal role of inherent ROS levels in conferring radioresistance was established by sorting ROSHigh and ROSLow populations from parental and RR cells. It was observed that ROSHigh population from both parental and RR cells exhibited radioresistance as observed by clonogenic assay. Interestingly, ROSHigh population of cells exhibited higher levels of cellular thiols in both parental and RR cells. Thus, our observations highlight presence of a novel subpopulation in lung cancer cells, which exhibits radioresistance by maintaining 'oxidative stress' and Nrf2 dependent metabolic adaptations. We also posit Nrf2 pathway as a druggable target for radiosensitization of RR A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Singh
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sundarraj Jayakumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Abstract
Organisms that inhabit the temperate zone exhibit various seasonal adaptive behaviors, including reproduction, hibernation, molting, and migration. Day length, known as photoperiod, is the most noise-free and widely used environmental cue that enables animals to anticipate the oncoming seasons and adapt their physiologies accordingly. Although less clear, some human traits also exhibit seasonality, such as birthrate, mood, cognitive brain responses, and various diseases. However, the molecular basis for human seasonality is poorly understood. Herein, we first review the underlying mechanisms of seasonal adaptive strategies of animals, including seasonal reproduction and stress responses during the breeding season. We then briefly summarize our recent discovery of signaling pathways involved in the winter depression-like phenotype in medaka fish. We believe that exploring the regulation of seasonal traits in animal models will provide insight into human seasonality and aid in the understanding of human diseases such as seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kousuke Okimura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Jiang J, Xiao Y, Chen H, Hu W, Zeng L, Ke H, Ditengou FA, Devisetty U, Palme K, Maloof J, Dehesh K. Retrograde Induction of phyB Orchestrates Ethylene-Auxin Hierarchy to Regulate Growth. Plant Physiol 2020; 183:1268-1280. [PMID: 32430463 PMCID: PMC7333703 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exquisitely regulated plastid-to-nucleus communication by retrograde signaling pathways is essential for fine-tuning of responses to the prevailing environmental conditions. The plastidial retrograde signaling metabolite methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) has emerged as a stress signal transduced into a diverse ensemble of response outputs. Here, we demonstrate enhanced phytochrome B protein abundance in red light-grown MEcPP-accumulating ceh1 mutant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants relative to wild-type seedlings. We further establish MEcPP-mediated coordination of phytochrome B with auxin and ethylene signaling pathways and uncover differential hypocotyl growth of red light-grown seedlings in response to these phytohormones. Genetic and pharmacological interference with ethylene and auxin pathways outlines the hierarchy of responses, placing ethylene epistatic to the auxin signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings establish a key role of a plastidial retrograde metabolite in orchestrating the transduction of a repertoire of signaling cascades. This work positions plastids at the zenith of relaying information coordinating external signals and internal regulatory circuitry to secure organismal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishan Jiang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Yanmei Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and ZBSA Centre for Biosystems Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Liping Zeng
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Haiyan Ke
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Franck A Ditengou
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Upendra Devisetty
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and ZBSA Centre for Biosystems Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Julin Maloof
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and ZBSA Centre for Biosystems Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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Shi H, He X, Zhao Y, Lu S, Guo Z. Constitutive expression of a group 3 LEA protein from Medicago falcata (MfLEA3) increases cold and drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:851-860. [PMID: 32240329 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE MfLEA3 is involved in protection of catalase activity and confers multiple abiotic stress tolerance. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are involved in plant growth, development and abiotic stress tolerance. A member of group 3 LEA proteins from Medicago sativa subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang, MfLEA3, was investigated in the study. MfLEA3 transcript was induced in response to cold, dehydration, and abscisic acid (ABA), while the cold-induced transcript of MfLEA3 was blocked by pretreatment with inhibitor of ABA synthesis. Constitutive expression of MfLEA3 led to enhanced tolerance to cold, drought, and high-light stress in transgenic tobacco plants. Compared to accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the wild-type in response to treatments with low temperature, drought, and high light, ROS were not accumulated in transgenic plants. Superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), and ascorbate-peroxidase activities were increased in all plants after treatments with the above stresses, while higher CAT activity was maintained in transgenic plants compared with wild-type. However, transcript level of CAT-encoding genes including CAT1, CAT2, and CAT3 showed no significant difference between transgenic plants and wild-type, indicating that the higher CAT activity was not associated with its gene expression. ABA sensitivity and transcripts of several ABA and stress-responsive genes showed no difference between transgenic plant and wild-type, indicating that ABA signaling was not affected by constitutive expression of MfLEA3. The results suggest that MfLEA3 may be involved in the protection of CAT activity and confers multiple abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifan Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xueying He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yujuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Lu X, Zhou Y, Fan F, Peng J, Zhang J. Coordination of light, circadian clock with temperature: The potential mechanisms regulating chilling tolerance in rice. J Integr Plant Biol 2020; 62:737-760. [PMID: 31243851 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major staple food crop for over half of the world's population. As a crop species originated from the subtropics, rice production is hampered by chilling stress. The genetic mechanisms of rice responses to chilling stress have attracted much attention, focusing on chilling-related gene mining and functional analyses. Plants have evolved sophisticated regulatory systems to respond to chilling stress in coordination with light signaling pathway and internal circadian clock. However, in rice, information about light-signaling pathways and circadian clock regulation and their roles in chilling tolerance remains elusive. Further investigation into the regulatory network of chilling tolerance in rice is needed, as knowledge of the interaction between temperature, light, and circadian clock dynamics is limited. Here, based on phenotypic analysis of transgenic and mutant rice lines, we delineate the relevant genes with important regulatory roles in chilling tolerance. In addition, we discuss the potential coordination mechanism among temperature, light, and circadian clock in regulating chilling response and tolerance of rice, and provide perspectives for the ongoing chilling signaling network research in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Lu
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, School of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, School of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, School of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - JunHua Peng
- Huazhi Rice Bio-tech Company Ltd., Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, School of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Huazhi Rice Bio-tech Company Ltd., Changsha, 410128, China
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Griffing AH, Gamble T, Bauer AM. Distinct patterns of pigment development underlie convergent hyperpigmentation between nocturnal and diurnal geckos (Squamata: Gekkota). BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32220231 PMCID: PMC7099784 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolutionary transitions in temporal niche necessitates specialized morphology, physiology, and behaviors. Diurnal, heliothermic squamates (lizards and snakes) that bask require protection from ultraviolet radiation (UV) that can damage internal organs such as the brain, viscera, and gonads. Many smaller squamates have accomplished this protection by hyperpigmentation of the peritoneum and subcutaneous dorsum. Typically, nocturnal species do not require these protections from ultraviolet light. However, some nocturnal species that exhibit extreme crypsis may be exposed to sunlight and UV and require some means of mediating that damage. One such species is Gekko (Ptychozoon) kuhli, a nocturnal, arboreal gecko that uses extreme crypsis to blend in with tree bark. Hiding motionless on tree trunks leaves geckos exposed to sunlight during the day. Thus, we predict that G. kuhli will have independently evolved a hyperpigmented phenotype. To investigate this hypothesized association between temporal niche, behavior, and morphology, we characterized adult subcutaneous pigment for eight gecko species and embryonic pigment accumulation for a subset of four of these species, exhibiting diverse temporal niche and thermoregulatory behaviors. We predicted that nocturnal/potentially-heliothermic G. kuhli would exhibit hyperpigmentation of internal structures like that of diurnal/heliothermic geckos. We further predicted that embryonic pigment accumulation of G. kuhli would resemble that of diurnal/heliothermic as opposed to nocturnal/thigmothermic geckos. RESULTS We found that temporal niche and thermoregulatory behavior predicted the degree of subcutaneous pigment in the eight gecko species examined. We demonstrate that G. kuhli accumulates pigment extremely early in embryonic development, unlike a diurnal/heliothermic gecko species, despite having a similar adult phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The evolution of hyperpigmentation in G. kuhli is likely an adaptation to limit damage from occasional daytime UV exposure caused by crypsis-associated basking behavior. Gekko kuhli achieves its hyperpigmented phenotype through a derived developmental pattern, not seen in any other lizard species investigated to date, suggesting novel temporal differences in the migration and/or differentiation of reptilian neural crest derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Griffing
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Tony Gamble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
- Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 W. Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
- Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
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12
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Berkowitz BA, Olds HK, Richards C, Joy J, Rosales T, Podolsky RH, Childers KL, Hubbard WB, Sullivan PG, Gao S, Li Y, Qian H, Roberts R. Novel imaging biomarkers for mapping the impact of mild mitochondrial uncoupling in the outer retina in vivo. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226840. [PMID: 31923239 PMCID: PMC6953833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that imaging biomarkers are useful for evaluating in vivo rod photoreceptor cell responses to a mitochondrial protonophore. METHODS Intraperitoneal injections of either the mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) or saline were given to mice with either higher [129S6/eVTac (S6)] or lower [C57BL/6J (B6)] mitochondrial reserve capacities and were studied in dark or light. We measured: (i) the external limiting membrane-retinal pigment epithelium region thickness (ELM-RPE; OCT), which decreases substantially with upregulation of a pH-sensitive water removal co-transporter on the apical portion of the RPE, and (ii) the outer retina R1 (= 1/(spin lattice relaxation time (T1), an MRI parameter proportional to oxygen / free radical content. RESULTS In darkness, baseline rod energy production and consumption are relatively high compared to that in light, and additional metabolic stimulation with DNP provoked thinning of the ELM-RPE region compared to saline injection in S6 mice; ELM-RPE thickness was unresponsive to DNP in B6 mice. Also, dark-adapted S6 mice given DNP showed a decrease in outer retina R1 values compared to saline injection in the inferior retina. In dark-adapted B6 mice, transretinal R1 values were unresponsive to DNP in superior and inferior regions. In light, with its relatively lower basal rod energy production and consumption, DNP caused ELM-RPE thinning in both S6 and B6 mice. CONCLUSIONS The present results raise the possibility of non-invasively evaluating the mouse rod mitochondrial energy ecosystem using new DNP-assisted OCT and MRI in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hailey K. Olds
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Collin Richards
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Joydip Joy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Tilman Rosales
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Podolsky
- Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States of America
| | - Karen Lins Childers
- Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States of America
| | - W. Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Patrick G. Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Lexington VA Health Care System, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Shasha Gao
- Visual Function Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yichao Li
- Visual Function Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Haohua Qian
- Visual Function Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Robin Roberts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
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13
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Ganguly S, Saha S, Vangaru S, Purkayastha S, Das D, Saha AK, Roy A, Das S, Bhattacharyya PK, Mukherjee S, Bhattacharyya S. Identification and analysis of low light tolerant rice genotypes in field conditions and their SSR-based diversity in various abiotic stress tolerant lines. J Genet 2020; 99:24. [PMID: 33361642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The yield potentiality of kharif rice is not completely used even under well-irrigated agro-ecosystem, mainly due to low irradiance by overcast cloud throughout the growing season in eastern India. We observed more than 50% yield reduction compared to the performance of 100 high-yield genotypes for consecutive three years both under open and 30-35% reduced light intensity, mainly by 34%, 25% and 12% reduction of panicle number, grains per panicle and test weight. As per the analysis of variance, genotypic variance explained 39% of the total yield-variation under shade with 58% heritability. Overall, the maintenance of equal panicle per plant in both open and shade has the highest association with shade tolerance. Purnendu, Sashi and Pantdhan19 showed less than 28% yield-reduction by maintenance or even by increasing grain numbers under shade and test weight. On the other hand, maintenance of an equal number of panicle under both situations was the key to the tolerance of Bhasamanik, Sasarang, Rudra and Swarnaprabha. As compared to open, we noticed the improvement of chlorophyll a and b under shade but saw a poor correlation with the shade tolerance index. Comparing the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) in eight genotypes, we found the best tolerant line ranked last with least Pn at low light intensity (400 μmol m-2 s-1). We also identified diverse parental combinations between newly identified shade tolerant and abiotic stress tolerant high-yielding rice lines following diversity analysis using 54 simple-sequence repeats. Thus, the selected tolerant lines from a large set of genotypes with different adjustment ability to keep up high yield under low light intensity can be used for physiological, molecular analysis as well as pyramiding of traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebantee Ganguly
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Unit, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur 741 252, India.
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14
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Díaz-Riaño J, Posada L, Acosta IC, Ruíz-Pérez C, García-Castillo C, Reyes A, Zambrano MM. Computational search for UV radiation resistance strategies in Deinococcus swuensis isolated from Paramo ecosystems. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221540. [PMID: 31790419 PMCID: PMC6886795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is widely known as deleterious for many organisms since it can cause damage to biomolecules either directly or indirectly via the formation of reactive oxygen species. The goal of this study was to analyze the capacity of high-mountain Espeletia hartwegiana plant phyllosphere microorganisms to survive UVR and to identify genes related to resistance strategies. A strain of Deinococcus swuensis showed a high survival rate of up to 60% after UVR treatment at 800J/m2 and was used for differential expression analysis using RNA-seq after exposing cells to 400J/m2 of UVR (with >95% survival rate). Differentially expressed genes were identified using the R-Bioconductor package NOISeq and compared with other reported resistance strategies reported for this genus. Genes identified as being overexpressed included transcriptional regulators and genes involved in protection against damage by UVR. Non-coding (nc)RNAs were also differentially expressed, some of which have not been previously implicated. This study characterized the immediate radiation response of D. swuensis and indicates the involvement of ncRNAs in the adaptation to extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Díaz-Riaño
- Corporación Corpogen Research Center, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- Research group in Computational Biology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | | | | | - Carlos Ruíz-Pérez
- Research group in Computational Biology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Catalina García-Castillo
- Research group in Computational Biology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Reyes
- Research group in Computational Biology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- Center of Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AR); (MMZ)
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15
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Bdolach E, Prusty MR, Faigenboim-Doron A, Filichkin T, Helgerson L, Schmid KJ, Greiner S, Fridman E. Thermal plasticity of the circadian clock is under nuclear and cytoplasmic control in wild barley. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:3105-3120. [PMID: 31272129 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Temperature compensation, expressed as the ability to maintain clock characteristics (mainly period) in face of temperature changes, that is, robustness, is considered a key feature of circadian clock systems. In this study, we explore the genetic basis for lack of robustness, that is, plasticity, of circadian clock as reflected by photosynthesis rhythmicity. The clock rhythmicity of a new wild barley reciprocal doubled haploid population was analysed with a high temporal resolution of pulsed amplitude modulation of chlorophyll fluorescence under optimal (22°C) and high (32°C) temperature. This comparison between two environments pointed to the prevalence of clock acceleration under heat. Genotyping by sequencing of doubled haploid lines indicated a rich recombination landscape with minor fixation (less than 8%) for one of the parental alleles. Quantitative genetic analysis included genotype by environment interactions and binary-threshold models. Variation in the circadian rhythm plasticity phenotypes, expressed as change (delta) of period and amplitude under two temperatures, was associated with maternal organelle genome (the plasmotype), as well as with several nuclear loci. This first reported rhythmicity driven by nuclear loci and plasmotype with few identified variants, paves the way for studying impact of cytonuclear variations on clock robustness and on plant adaptation to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Bdolach
- Plant Sciences Institute, Volcani Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Bet Dagan, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Manas Ranjan Prusty
- Plant Sciences Institute, Volcani Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim-Doron
- Plant Sciences Institute, Volcani Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Tanya Filichkin
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Laura Helgerson
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Karl J Schmid
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan Greiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Eyal Fridman
- Plant Sciences Institute, Volcani Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Bet Dagan, Israel
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16
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Zulfugarov IS, Wu G, Tovuu A, Lee CH. Effect of oxygen on the non-photochemical quenching of vascular plants and potential oxygen deficiency in the stroma of PsbS-knock-out rice. Plant Sci 2019; 286:1-6. [PMID: 31300135 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The excessive and harmful light energy absorbed by the photosystem (PS) II of higher plants is dissipated as heat through a protective mechanism termed non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence. PsbS-knock-out (KO) mutants lack the trans-thylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH)-dependent part of NPQ. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of NPQ, we investigated its dependency on oxygen. The development of NPQ in wild-type (WT) rice under low-oxygen (LO) conditions was reduced to more than 50% of its original value. However, under high-oxygen (HO) conditions, the NPQ of both WT and PsbS-KO mutants recovered. Moreover, WT and PsbS-KO mutant leaves infiltrated with the ΔpH dissipating uncoupler nigericin showed increased NPQ values under HO conditions. The experiments using intact chloroplasts and protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana supported that the LO effects observed in rice leaves were not due to carbon dioxide deficiency. There was a noticeable 90% reduction in the half-time of P700 oxidation rate in LO-treated leaves compared with that of WT control leaves, but the HO treatment did not significantly change the half-time of P700 oxidation rate. Overall, the results obtained here indicate that the stroma of the PsbS-KO plants could be potentially under O2 deficiency. Because the functions of PsbS in rice leaves are likely to be similar to those in other higher plants, our findings offer novel insights into the role of oxygen in the development of NPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismayil S Zulfugarov
- Department of Integrated Biological Science and Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Matbuat Avenue 2a, Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan; Department of Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Str., Yakutsk 677-027, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation
| | - Guangxi Wu
- Department of Integrated Biological Science and Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Altanzaya Tovuu
- Department of Integrated Biological Science and Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Hwan Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science and Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Slot M, Krause GH, Krause B, Hernández GG, Winter K. Photosynthetic heat tolerance of shade and sun leaves of three tropical tree species. Photosynth Res 2019; 141:119-130. [PMID: 30054784 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies of heat tolerance of tropical trees have focused on canopy leaves exposed to full sunlight and high temperatures. However, in lowland tropical forests with leaf area indices of 5-6, the vast majority of leaves experience varying degrees of shade and a reduced heat load compared to sun leaves. Here we tested whether heat tolerance is lower in shade than in sun leaves. For three tropical tree species, Calophyllum inophyllum, Inga spectabilis, and Ormosia macrocalyx, disks of fully developed shade and sun leaves were subjected to 15-min heat treatments, followed by measurement of chlorophyll a fluorescence after 48 h of recovery. In two of the three species, the temperature causing a 50% decrease of the fluorescence ratio Fv/Fm (T50) was significantly lower (by ~ 1.0 °C) in shade than in sun leaves, indicating a moderately decreased heat tolerance of shade leaves. In shade leaves of these two species, the rise in initial fluorescence, F0, also occurred at lower temperatures. In the third species, there was no shade-sun difference in T50. In situ measurements of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation showed that the optimum temperature for photosynthesis tended to be lower in shade leaves, although differences were not significant. At supra-optimal temperatures, photosynthesis was largely constrained by stomatal conductance, and the high-temperature CO2 compensation point, TMax, occurred at considerably lower temperatures than T50. Our study demonstrates that the temperature response of shade leaves of tropical trees differs only marginally from that of sun leaves, both in terms of heat tolerance and photosynthetic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama.
| | - G Heinrich Krause
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Krause
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
| | - Georgia G Hernández
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
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18
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He P, Wright IJ, Zhu S, Onoda Y, Liu H, Li R, Liu X, Hua L, Oyanoghafo OO, Ye Q. Leaf mechanical strength and photosynthetic capacity vary independently across 57 subtropical forest species with contrasting light requirements. New Phytol 2019; 223:607-618. [PMID: 30887533 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf mechanical strength and photosynthetic capacity are critical plant life-history traits associated with tolerance and growth under various biotic and abiotic stresses. In principle, higher mechanical resistance achieved via higher relative allocation to cell walls should slow photosynthetic rates. However, interspecific relationships among these two leaf functions have not been reported. We measured leaf traits of 57 dominant woody species in a subtropical evergreen forest in China, focusing especially on photosynthetic rates, mechanical properties, and leaf lifespan (LLS). These species were assigned to two ecological strategy groups: shade-tolerant species and light-demanding species. On average, shade-tolerant species had longer LLS, higher leaf mechanical strength but lower photosynthetic rates, and exhibited longer LLS for a given leaf mass per area (LMA) or mechanical strength than light-demanding species. Depending on the traits and the basis of expression (per area or per mass), leaf mechanical resistance and photosynthetic capacity were either deemed unrelated, or only weakly negatively correlated. We found only weak support for the proposed trade-off between leaf biomechanics and photosynthesis among co-occurring woody species. This suggests there is considerable flexibility in these properties, and the observed relationships may result more so from trait coordination than any physically or physiologically enforced trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Shidan Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Osazee O Oyanoghafo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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Gorman MR, Elliott JA. Exceptional Entrainment of Circadian Activity Rhythms With Manipulations of Rhythm Waveform in Male Syrian Hamsters. Yale J Biol Med 2019; 92:187-199. [PMID: 31249479 PMCID: PMC6585525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The activity/rest rhythm of mammals reflects the output of an endogenous circadian oscillator entrained to the solar day by light. Despite detailed understanding of the neural and molecular bases of mammalian rhythms, we still lack practical tools for achieving rapid and flexible adjustment of clocks to accommodate shift-work, trans-meridian jet travel, or space exploration. Efforts to adapt clocks have focused on resetting the phase of an otherwise unaltered circadian clock. Departing from this tradition, recent work has demonstrated that bifurcation of circadian waveform in mice facilitates entrainment to extremely long and short zeitgeber periods. Here we evaluate the formal nature of entrainment to extreme non-24 h days in male Syrian hamsters. Wheel-running rhythms were first bifurcated into a 24 h rest/activity/rest/activity cycle according to established methods. Thereafter the 24 h lighting cycle was incrementally adjusted over several weeks to 30 h or to 18 h. Almost without exception, wheel-running rhythms of hamsters in gradually lengthened or shortened zeitgebers remained synchronized with the lighting cycle, with greater temporal precision observed in the former condition. Data from animals transferred abruptly from 24 h days to long or short cycles suggested that gradual adaptation facilitates but is not necessary for successful behavioral entrainment. The unprecedented behavioral adaptation following waveform bifurcation reveals a latent plasticity in mammalian circadian systems that can be realized in the absence of pharmacological or genetic manipulations. Oscillator interactions underlying circadian waveform manipulation, thus, represent a tractable target for understanding and enhancing circadian rhythm resetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Gorman
- Center for Circadian Biology and Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jeffrey A. Elliott
- Center for Circadian Biology and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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20
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Klimenko O, Pernis M, Danchenko M, Skultéty L, Klubicová K, Shevchenko G. Natural ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (Chernobyl-07) respond to cadmium stress more intensively than the sensitive ecotypes Oasis and Columbia. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 173:86-95. [PMID: 30769207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Large areas polluted with toxic heavy metals or radionuclides were formed as a side product of rapid industrial development of human society. Plants, due to their sessile nature, should adapt to these challenging genotoxic environmental conditions and develop resistance. Herein, we evaluated the response of three natural ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (Oasis, Columbia-0, and Chernobyl-07) to cadmium, using discovery gel-based proteomics. These accessions are differing by level of tolerance to heavy metal probably achieved by various exposure to chronic ionizing radiation. Based on the pairwise comparison (control versus cadmium-treated) we recognized 5.8-13.4% of identified proteins as significantly altered at the presence of cadmium. Although the majority of photosynthesis-related proteins were found to be less abundant in all ecotypes it was noted that in contrast to the sensitive variants (Col and Oas), the tolerant Che accession may activate the mechanism preserving photosynthesis and energy production. Also, proteins modulating energy budget through alternative route and mediating higher resistance to heavy metals were upregulated in this ecotype. Although we suggest that regulation of enzymes acting in peptide and protein synthesis, protection of the plants against various abiotic stresses, or those neutralizing the effects of reactive oxygen species are rather associated with general response to cadmium, they were found to be altered more intensively in the Che accession. Thus, the identified affected proteins may represent good candidate molecules for molecular breeding to improve tolerance of crops to heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Klimenko
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia; Mykola Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska 2, 01004 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Miroslav Pernis
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovít Skultéty
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Klubicová
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Galina Shevchenko
- Mykola Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska 2, 01004 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Deans RM, Brodribb TJ, Busch FA, Farquhar GD. Plant water-use strategy mediates stomatal effects on the light induction of photosynthesis. New Phytol 2019; 222:382-395. [PMID: 30372523 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
More efficient gas exchange strategies under dynamic light environments have been hypothesised to contribute to the dominance of angiosperms in the vascular plant flora. However, we still lack a clear understanding of how stomatal dynamics affect photosynthetic dynamics and whether differences exist between lineages. Stomatal and photosynthetic dynamics following changes in irradiance were studied in 15 species, encompassing ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. We determined the effect of stomatal speed on dynamic photosynthesis and water loss. Moreover, we assessed whether dynamic behaviour followed evolutionary lineage divisions, or whether ecological adaptation to maximise light fleck use could describe dynamic behaviour. We found that species with fast stomatal opening, such as ferns, forgo less photosynthesis during photosynthetic induction. By contrast, there was no relationship between stomatal closure speed and the water wasted by transiently more-open stomata, because species with higher rates of gas exchange also showed faster stomatal closure. Shade-adapted species possessed fast-opening but slow-closing stomata, consistent with ecological adaptation to maximise light fleck use. Our results suggest dynamic behaviour follows adaptive ecological trends more strongly than evolutionary ones, but angiosperms may benefit from relatively faster photosynthetic induction by adopting a less conservative water-use strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Deans
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., 7001, Australia
| | - Florian A Busch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Abstract
Contents Summary 1215 I. Introduction 1215 II. Molecular organization of the plant circadian clock 1216 III. Temperature compensation 1219 IV. Temperature regulation of circadian behaviors 1220 V. Thermal adaptation of the clock: evolutionary considerations 1223 VI. Light and temperature information for the clock function - synergic or individual? 1224 VII. Concluding remarks and future prospects 1225 Acknowledgements 1225 References 1225 SUMMARY: Plant growth and development is widely affected by diverse temperature conditions. Although studies have been focused mainly on the effects of stressful temperature extremes in recent decades, nonstressful ambient temperatures also influence an array of plant growth and morphogenic aspects, a process termed thermomorphogenesis. Notably, accumulating evidence indicates that both stressful and nonstressful temperatures modulate the functional process of the circadian clock, a molecular timer of biological rhythms in higher eukaryotes and photosynthetic prokaryotes. The circadian clock can sustain robust and precise timing over a range of physiological temperatures. Genes and molecular mechanisms governing the temperature compensation process have been explored in different plant species. In addition, a ZEITLUPE/HSP90-mediated protein quality control mechanism helps plants maintain the thermal stability of the clock under heat stress. The thermal adaptation capability and plasticity of the clock are of particular interest in view of the growing concern about global climate changes. Considering these circumstances in the field, we believe that it is timely to provide a provoking discussion on the current knowledge of temperature regulation of the clock function. The review also will discuss stimulating ideas on this topic along with ecosystem management and future agricultural innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Eun Gil
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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23
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Pierangelini M, Glaser K, Mikhailyuk T, Karsten U, Holzinger A. Light and Dehydration but Not Temperature Drive Photosynthetic Adaptations of Basal Streptophytes (Hormidiella, Streptosarcina and Streptofilum) Living in Terrestrial Habitats. Microb Ecol 2019; 77:380-393. [PMID: 29974184 PMCID: PMC6394494 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Streptophyte algae are the ancestors of land plants, and several classes contain taxa that are adapted to an aero-terrestrial lifestyle. In this study, four basal terrestrial streptophytes from the class Klebsormidiophyceae, including Hormidiella parvula; two species of the newly described genus Streptosarcina (S. costaricana and S. arenaria); and the newly described Streptofilum capillatum were investigated for their responses to radiation, desiccation and temperature stress conditions. All the strains showed low-light adaptation (Ik < 70 μmol photons m-2 s-1) but differed in photoprotective capacities (such as non-photochemical quenching). Acclimation to enhanced photon fluence rates (160 μmol photons m-2 s-1) increased photosynthetic performance in H. parvula and S. costaricana but not in S. arenaria, showing that low-light adaptation is a constitutive trait for S. arenaria. This lower-light adaptation of S. arenaria was coupled with a higher desiccation tolerance, providing further evidence that dehydration is a selective force shaping species occurrence in low light. For protection against ultraviolet radiation, all species synthesised and accumulated different amounts of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Biochemically, MAAs synthesised by Hormidiella and Streptosarcina were similar to MAAs from closely related Klebsormidium spp. but differed in retention time and spectral characteristics in S. capillatum. Unlike the different radiation and dehydration tolerances, Hormidiella, Streptosarcina and Streptofilum displayed preferences for similar thermal conditions. These species showed a temperature dependence of photosynthesis similar to respiration, contrasting with Klebsormidium spp. and highlighting an interspecific diversity in thermal requirements, which could regulate species distributions under temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierangelini
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des microalgues, InBioS/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, Liege, 4000, Belgium
| | - Karin Glaser
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tatiana Mikhailyuk
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska Str. 2, Kyiv, 01004, Ukraine
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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24
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Váczi P, Gauslaa Y, Solhaug KA. Reprint of Efficient fungal UV-screening provides a remarkably high UV-B tolerance of photosystem II in lichen photobionts. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 134:123-128. [PMID: 30337144 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lichen photobionts in situ have an extremely UV-B tolerant photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm). We have quantified the UV-B-screening offered by the mycobiont and the photobiont separately. The foliose lichens Nephroma arcticum and Umbilicaria spodochroa with 1: intact or 2: removed cortices were exposed to 0.7 Wm-2 UV-BBE for 4 h. Intact thalli experienced no reduction in Fv/Fm, whereas cortex removal lowered Fv/Fm in exposed photobiont layers by 22% for U. spodochroa and by 14% for N. arcticum. We also gave this UV-B dose to algal cultures of Coccomyxa and Trebouxia, the photobiont genera of N. arcticum and U. spodochroa, respectively. UV-B caused a 56% reduction in Fv/Fm for Coccomyxa, and as much as 98% in Trebouxia. The fluorescence excitation ratio (FER) technique comparing the fluorescence from UV-B or UV-A-excitation light with blue green excitation light using a Xe-PAM fluorometer showed that these photobiont genera did not screen any UV-B or UV-A The FER technique with a Multiplex fluorometer estimated the UV-A screening of isolated algae to be 13-16%, whereas intact lichens screened 92-95% of the UV-A. In conclusion, the cortex of N. arcticum and U. spodochroa transmitted no UV-B and little UV-A to the photobiont layer beneath. Thereby, the upper lichen cortex forms an efficient fungal solar radiation screen providing a high UV-B tolerance for studied photobionts in situ. By contrast, isolated photobionts have no UV-B screening and thus depend on their fungal partners in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Váczi
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yngvar Gauslaa
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1433, Ås, Norway.
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25
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Váczi P, Gauslaa Y, Solhaug KA. Efficient fungal UV-screening provides a remarkably high UV-B tolerance of photosystem II in lichen photobionts. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 132:89-94. [PMID: 30176432 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lichen photobionts in situ have an extremely UV-B tolerant photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm). We have quantified the UV-B-screening offered by the mycobiont and the photobiont separately. The foliose lichens Nephroma arcticum and Umbilicaria spodochroa with 1: intact or 2: removed cortices were exposed to 0.7 Wm-2 UV-BBE for 4 h. Intact thalli experienced no reduction in Fv/Fm, whereas cortex removal lowered Fv/Fm in exposed photobiont layers by 22% for U. spodochroa and by 14% for N. arcticum. We also gave this UV-B dose to algal cultures of Coccomyxa and Trebouxia, the photobiont genera of N. arcticum and U. spodochroa, respectively. UV-B caused a 56% reduction in Fv/Fm for Coccomyxa, and as much as 98% in Trebouxia. The fluorescence excitation ratio (FER) technique comparing the fluorescence from UV-B or UV-A-excitation light with blue green excitation light using a Xe-PAM fluorometer showed that these photobiont genera did not screen any UV-B or UV-A The FER technique with a Multiplex fluorometer estimated the UV-A screening of isolated algae to be 13-16%, whereas intact lichens screened 92-95% of the UV-A. In conclusion, the cortex of N. arcticum and U. spodochroa transmitted no UV-B and little UV-A to the photobiont layer beneath. Thereby, the upper lichen cortex forms an efficient fungal solar radiation screen providing a high UV-B tolerance for studied photobionts in situ. By contrast, isolated photobionts have no UV-B screening and thus depend on their fungal partners in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Váczi
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yngvar Gauslaa
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway.
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26
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Su S, Zhou S, Wen C, Zou J, Zhang D, Geng J, Yang M, Liu M, Li L, Wen W. Evidence for Adaptive Response in a Molecular Epidemiological Study of the Inhabitants of a High Background-radiation Area of Yangjiang, China. Health Phys 2018; 115:227-234. [PMID: 29957687 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that cancer mortality in high background-radiation areas of China was lower than that in a control area, indicating the possibility of an adaptive response in high background-radiation areas. Our aim is to determine the effect of low-dose radiation on the level of DNA oxidative damage, DNA damage repair, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis in high background-radiation area and control area populations of Guangdong through a molecular epidemiological study in order to identify adaptive response. Blood samples were collected from male residents aged 50 to 59 y in a high background-radiation area (Yangjiang) and a control area (Enping), and activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, and expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene (MGMT), human 8-oxoguanine DNA N-glycosylase 1 gene (hOGG1), proapoptotic genes and antiapoptotic genes, oxidative-stress-related genes, as well as concentrations of 8-OHdG, TrxR, HSP27, and MT-COX2 were determined. The activities of antioxidative enzymes, relative mRNA expression level of DNA repair genes, antiapoptotic genes, oxidative-stress-related genes HSPB1 and MT-COX2, and the concentration of antioxidant index TrxR in the high background-radiation area population increased significantly compared to the control population (p < 0.05). The relative mRNA expression level of proapoptotic genes and the concentration of DNA oxidative damage index 8-OHdG were significantly lower in the high background-radiation area compared to those in the control area (p < 0.05). In conclusion, under long-term, natural, high background, ionizing radiation, DNA damage-repair capacity and antioxidant capacity of inhabitants in the high background-radiation area may be enhanced. Additionally, it could induce up regulation of cell-survival gene expression and down regulation of apoptotic gene expression. It might be speculated that enhanced antioxidant and DNA repair capacity and inhibition of apoptosis might play important roles in adaptive response of low-dose radiation in high background-radiation areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibiao Su
- 1Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment-Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wen
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment-Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China
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27
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Oros CL, Alves F. Leaf wound induced ultraweak photon emission is suppressed under anoxic stress: Observations of Spathiphyllum under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using novel in vivo methodology. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198962. [PMID: 29902232 PMCID: PMC6002245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved a variety of means to energetically sense and respond to abiotic and biotic environmental stress. Two typical photochemical signaling responses involve the emission of volatile organic compounds and light. The emission of certain leaf wound volatiles and light are mutually dependent upon oxygen which is subsequently required for the wound-induced lipoxygenase reactions that trigger the formation of fatty acids and hydroperoxides; ultimately leading to photon emission by chlorophyll molecules. A low noise photomultiplier with sensitivity in the visible spectrum (300–720 nm) is used to continuously measure long duration ultraweak photon emission of dark-adapting whole Spathiphyllum leaves (in vivo). Leaves were mechanically wounded after two hours of dark adaptation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It was found that (1) nitrogen incubation did not affect the pre-wound basal photocounts; (2) wound induced leaf biophoton emission was significantly suppressed when under anoxic stress; and (3) the aerobic wound induced emission spectra observed was > 650 nm, implicating chlorophyll as the likely emitter. Limitations of the PMT photocathode’s radiant sensitivity, however, prevented accurate analysis from 700–720 nm. Further examination of leaf wounding profile photon counts revealed that the pre-wounding basal state (aerobic and anoxic), the anoxic wounding state, and the post-wounding aerobic state statistics all approximate a Poisson distribution. It is additionally observed that aerobic wounding induces two distinct exponential decay events. These observations contribute to the body of plant wound-induced luminescence research and provide a novel methodology to measure this phenomenon in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L. Oros
- Information Sciences Department, Graduate School of Operational and Information Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabio Alves
- Physics Department, Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, United States of America
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28
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Bae SA, Androulakis IP. Mathematical analysis of circadian disruption and metabolic re-entrainment of hepatic gluconeogenesis: the intertwining entraining roles of light and feeding. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E531-E542. [PMID: 29351477 PMCID: PMC6032066 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00271.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythms influence the metabolic activity from molecular level to tissue, organ, and host level. Disruption of the circadian rhythms manifests to the host's health as metabolic syndromes, including obesity, diabetes, and elevated plasma glucose, eventually leading to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the mechanism behind the relationship between circadian rhythms and metabolism. To start answering this question, we propose a semimechanistic mathematical model to study the effect of circadian disruption on hepatic gluconeogenesis in humans. Our model takes the light-dark cycle and feeding-fasting cycle as two environmental inputs that entrain the metabolic activity in the liver. The model was validated by comparison with data from mice and rat experimental studies. Formal sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were conducted to elaborate on the driving forces for hepatic gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, simulating the impact of Clock gene knockout suggests that modification to the local pathways tied most closely to the feeding-fasting rhythms may be the most efficient way to restore the disrupted glucose metabolism in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-A Bae
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , New Brunswick, New Jersey
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29
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Bongers FJ, Pierik R, Anten NPR, Evers JB. Subtle variation in shade avoidance responses may have profound consequences for plant competitiveness. Ann Bot 2018; 121:863-873. [PMID: 29280992 PMCID: PMC5906909 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although phenotypic plasticity has been shown to be beneficial for plant competitiveness for light, there is limited knowledge on how variation in these plastic responses plays a role in determining competitiveness. METHODS A combination of detailed plant experiments and functional-structural plant (FSP) modelling was used that captures the complex dynamic feedback between the changing plant phenotype and the within-canopy light environment in time and 3-D space. Leaf angle increase (hyponasty) and changes in petiole elongation rates in response to changes in the ratio between red and far-red light, two important shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis thaliana growing in dense population stands, were chosen as a case study for plant plasticity. Measuring and implementing these responses into an FSP model allowed simulation of plant phenotype as an emergent property of the underlying growth and response mechanisms. KEY RESULTS Both the experimental and model results showed that substantial differences in competitiveness may arise between genotypes with only marginally different hyponasty or petiole elongation responses, due to the amplification of plant growth differences by small changes in plant phenotype. In addition, this study illustrated that strong competitive responses do not necessarily have to result in a tragedy of the commons; success in competition at the expense of community performance. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings indicate that selection pressure could probably have played a role in fine-tuning the sensitive shade avoidance responses found in plants. The model approach presented here provides a novel tool to analyse further how natural selection could have acted on the evolution of plastic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca J Bongers
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Plant Ecophysiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels P R Anten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem B Evers
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Muir CD. Light and growth form interact to shape stomatal ratio among British angiosperms. New Phytol 2018; 218:242-252. [PMID: 29288622 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In most plants, stomata are located only on the abaxial leaf surface (hypostomy), but many plants have stomata on both surfaces (amphistomy). High light and herbaceous growth form have been hypothesized to favor amphistomy, but these hypotheses have not been rigorously tested together using phylogenetic comparative methods. I leveraged a large dataset including stomatal ratio, Ellenberg light indicator value, growth form and phylogenetic relationships for 372 species of British angiosperms. I used phylogenetic comparative methods to test how light and/or growth form influence stomatal ratio and density. High light and herbaceous growth form are correlated with amphistomy, as predicted, but they also interact; the effect of light is pronounced in therophytes (annuals) and perennial herbs, but muted in phanerophytes (shrubs and trees). Furthermore, amphistomy and stomatal density evolve together in response to light. Comparative analyses of British angiosperms reveal two major insights. First, light and growth form interact to shape stomatal ratio; amphistomy is common under high light, but mostly for herbs. Second, coordinated evolution of adaxial stomatal density and light tolerance indicates that amphistomy helps to optimally balance light acquisition with gas exchange. Stomatal ratio may have potential as a functional trait for paleoecology and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Muir
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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31
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Yamakawa H, van Stokkum IHM, Heber U, Itoh S. Mechanisms of drought-induced dissipation of excitation energy in sun- and shade-adapted drought-tolerant mosses studied by fluorescence yield change and global and target analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics. Photosynth Res 2018; 135:285-298. [PMID: 29151177 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Some mosses stay green and survive long even under desiccation. Dissipation mechanisms of excess excitation energy were studied in two drought-tolerant moss species adapted to contrasting niches: shade-adapted Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus and sun-adapted Rhytidium rugosum in the same family. (1) Under wet conditions, a light-induced nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanism decreased the yield of photosystem II (PSII) fluorescence in both species. The NPQ extent saturated at a lower illumination intensity in R. squarrosus, suggesting a larger PSII antenna size. (2) Desiccation reduced the fluorescence intensities giving significantly lower F 0 levels and shortened the overall fluorescence lifetimes in both R. squarrosus and R. rugosum, at room temperature. (3) At 77 K, desiccation strongly reduced the PSII fluorescence intensity. This reduction was smaller in R. squarrosus than in R. rugosum. (4) Global and target analysis indicated two different mechanisms of energy dissipation in PSII under desiccation: the energy dissipation to a desiccation-formed strong fluorescence quencher in the PSII core in sun-adapted R. rugosum (type-A quenching) and (5) the moderate energy dissipation in the light-harvesting complex/PSII in shade-adapted R. squarrosus (type-B quenching). The two mechanisms are consistent with the different ecological niches of the two mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Yamakawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocyo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ivo H M van Stokkum
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Heber
- Julius von Sachs Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shigeru Itoh
- Division of Material Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocyo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
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32
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Statton J, McMahon K, Lavery P, Kendrick GA. Determining light stress responses for a tropical multi-species seagrass assemblage. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 128:508-518. [PMID: 29571402 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Existing mitigations to address deterioration in water clarity associated with human activities are based on responses from single seagrass species but may not be appropriate for diverse seagrass assemblages common to tropical waters. We present findings from a light experiment designed to determine the effects of magnitude and duration of low light on a mixed tropical seagrass assemblage. Mixed assemblages of three commonly co-occurring Indo-West Pacific seagrasses, Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis and Halophila ovalis were grown in climate-controlled tanks, where replicate pots were subjected to a gradient in light availability (0.9-21.6 mols PAR m-2 day-1) for 12 weeks. Increased shading resulted in declines in growth and changes in cellular and photosynthesis responses for all species, although time-scale and magnitude of response were species-specific. Applying management criteria (e.g. thresholds) relevant to one species may under- or over-estimate potential for impact on other species and the meadow as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Statton
- School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
| | - Kathryn McMahon
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research and School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
| | - Paul Lavery
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research and School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
| | - Gary A Kendrick
- School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
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Lin TH, Rao MY, Lu HW, Chiou CW, Lin ST, Chao HW, Zheng ZL, Cheng HC, Lee TM. A role for glutathione reductase and glutathione in the tolerance of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to photo-oxidative stress. Physiol Plant 2018; 162:35-48. [PMID: 28950038 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) in the tolerance of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P.A. Dangeard to high-intensity light stress (HL, 1400 μmol m-2 s-1 ) was examined. Cells survived under high light (HL) stress, although their growth was inhibited after long-term treatment (9-24 h). GR activity increased 1 h after HL treatment. The contents of total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) increased 1-3 h after HL treatment and then decreased after 24 h, while the GSH:GSSG ratio (glutathione redox potential) decreased after 3-9 h and recovered after 24 h. The transcript abundance of GR, CrGR1 (Cre06.g262100) and CrGR2 (Cre09.g396252) as well as glutathione synthesis-related genes, CrGSH1 (Cre02g077100.t1.1) and CrGSH2 (Cre17.g70800.t1.1), increased with a peak near 1 h after HL treatment. Except for enhanced glutathione synthesis, the GR-mediated glutathione redox machinery is also critical for the tolerance of C. reinhardtii cells to HL stress. Therefore, GR was downregulated or upregulated to investigate the importance of GR in HL tolerance. The CrGR1 knockdown amiRNA line exhibited low GR transcript abundance, GR activity and GSH:GSSG ratio and could not survive under HL conditions. Over-expression of CrGR1 or CrGR2 driven by a HSP70A:RBCS2 fusion promoter resulted in a higher GR transcript abundance, GR activity and GSH:GSSG ratio and led to cell survival when exposed to high-intensity illumination, i.e. 1800 μmol m-2 s-1 . In conclusion, GR-mediated modulation of the glutathione redox potential plays a role in the tolerance of Chlamydomonas cells to photo-oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsen-Hung Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yuan Rao
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wen Lu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Chiou
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Tseng Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Chao
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chien Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Akhanaev YB, Belousova IA, Ershov NI, Nakai M, Martemyanov VV, Glupov VV. Comparison of tolerance to sunlight between spatially distant and genetically different strains of Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189992. [PMID: 29261790 PMCID: PMC5738102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses are a family of insect-specific pathogenic viruses can persist outside for long periods through the formation of occlusion bodies. In spite of this ability, the UV of sunlight is an essential factor that limits the survival of baculoviruses outside the host. In the current study, we compared the UV tolerance of two strains of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV), which were isolated in spatially different regions (LdMNPV-27/0 in Western Siberia (Russia) and LdMNPV-45/0 in North America (USA)) and dramatically differ in their potency. We exposed the studied strains to sunlight in an open area for 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 hours and later perorally inoculated host larvae with the same doses of virus (5x105) and with doses leading to same effect (LD90). We observed that strain LdMNPV-45/0, which previously showed high virulence against L. dispar larvae, was more sensitive to UV irradiation (estimated as the relative rate of inactivation (r, h -1) and as the half-life of the virus (τ1/2, h)) compared to LdMNPV-27/0. Exposure to sunlight induced a significant delay of LdMNPV-45/0-induced pathogenesis already after 0.25 h of sunlight exposure, while for LdMNPV-27/0 this delay was occurred only after 2 h exposure in spite of used concentrations. We also compared the sequences of the main structural proteins of the studied strains as UV light contributes not only to genome damage in viruses but also to structural protein damage. The most prominent genetic difference between the structural proteins of the strains was related to the loss of the virus enhancin factor-1 (vef-1) gene in the LdMNPV-27/0 strain. Thus initially highly potent viral strain (such as LdMNPV-45/0) is not recommend to use in the regions (or forest stand density) with high UV load. The role of virus enhancin factor-1 in baculovirus tolerance to UV needs for following studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy B. Akhanaev
- Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina A. Belousova
- Laboratory of ecological parasitology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Nikita I. Ershov
- Molecular Genetics Department, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Madoka Nakai
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vyacheslav V. Martemyanov
- Laboratory of ecological parasitology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Viktor V. Glupov
- Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Pompeiano A, Huarancca Reyes T, Moles TM, Villani M, Volterrani M, Guglielminetti L, Scartazza A. Inter- and intraspecific variability in physiological traits and post-anoxia recovery of photosynthetic efficiency in grasses under oxygen deprivation. Physiol Plant 2017; 161:385-399. [PMID: 28767128 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Low oxygen conditions occur in grass sites due to high and frequent precipitation, poor soil quality, and over-irrigation followed by slow drainage. Three warm-season and one cool-season grass were analyzed at metabolic level during a time-course experiment performed in a controlled anoxic environment. Prolonged oxygen depletion proved detrimental by leading to premature death to all the species, with the exception of seashore paspalum. Moreover, the anoxia tolerance observed in these grasses has been associated with slow use of carbohydrates, rather than with their relative abundance, which was more important than their antioxidant capacity. Further physiological characterization of eight seashore paspalum genotypes to anoxia was also performed, by examining the variation in photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and gas exchange during post-anoxia recovery. Multivariate analysis highlighted the presence of three main clusters of seashore paspalum genotypes, characterized by different ability to restore the PSII photochemistry during recovery after one day of anoxia. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the analysis of post-anoxia recovery of fluorescence and gas exchange parameters can represent a fast and reliable indicator for selecting species and cultivars more able to acclimate their photosynthetic apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pompeiano
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thais Huarancca Reyes
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso M Moles
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Villani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Volterrani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
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Joo Y, Fragoso V, Yon F, Baldwin IT, Kim SG. Circadian clock component, LHY, tells a plant when to respond photosynthetically to light in nature. J Integr Plant Biol 2017; 59:572-587. [PMID: 28429400 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is known to increase plant growth and fitness, and is thought to prepare plants for photosynthesis at dawn and dusk; whether this happens in nature was unknown. We transformed the native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata to silence two core clock components, NaLHY (irLHY) and NaTOC1 (irTOC1). We characterized growth and light- and dark-adapted photosynthetic rates (Ac ) throughout a 24 h day in empty vector-transformed (EV), irLHY, and irTOC1 plants in the field, and in NaPhyA- and NaPhyB1-silenced plants in the glasshouse. The growth rates of irLHY plants were lower than those of EV plants in the field. While irLHY plants reduced Ac earlier at dusk, no differences between irLHY and EV plants were observed at dawn in the field. irLHY, but not EV plants, responded to light in the night by rapidly increasing Ac . Under controlled conditions, EV plants rapidly increased Ac in the day compared to dark-adapted plants at night; irLHY plants lost these time-dependent responses. The role of NaLHY in gating photosynthesis is independent of the light-dependent reactions and red light perceived by NaPhyA, but not NaPhyB1. In summary, the circadian clock allows plants not to respond photosynthetically to light at night by anticipating and gating red light-mediated in native tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsung Joo
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Variluska Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Felipe Yon
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Rossnerova A, Pokorna M, Svecova V, Sram RJ, Topinka J, Zölzer F, Rossner P. Adaptation of the human population to the environment: Current knowledge, clues from Czech cytogenetic and "omics" biomonitoring studies and possible mechanisms. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 2017; 773:188-203. [PMID: 28927528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human population is continually exposed to numerous harmful environmental stressors, causing negative health effects and/or deregulation of biomarker levels. However, studies reporting no or even positive impacts of some stressors on humans are also sometimes published. The main aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the last decade of Czech biomonitoring research, concerning the effect of various levels of air pollution (benzo[a]pyrene) and radiation (uranium, X-ray examination and natural radon background), on the differently exposed population groups. Because some results obtained from cytogenetic studies were opposite than hypothesized, we have searched for a meaningful interpretation in genomic/epigenetic studies. A detailed analysis of our data supported by the studies of others and current epigenetic knowledge, leads to a hypothesis of the versatile mechanism of adaptation to environmental stressors via DNA methylation settings which may even originate in prenatal development, and help to reduce the resulting DNA damage levels. This hypothesis is fully in agreement with unexpected data from our studies (e.g. lower levels of DNA damage in subjects from highly polluted regions than in controls or in subjects exposed repeatedly to a pollutant than in those without previous exposure), and is also supported by differences in DNA methylation patterns in groups from regions with various levels of pollution. In light of the adaptation hypothesis, the following points may be suggested for future research: (i) the chronic and acute exposure of study subjects should be distinguished; (ii) the exposure history should be mapped including place of residence during the life and prenatal development; (iii) changes of epigenetic markers should be monitored over time. In summary, investigation of human adaptation to the environment, one of the most important processes of survival, is a new challenge for future research in the field of human biomonitoring that may change our view on the results of biomarker analyses and potential negative health impacts of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pokorna
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Svecova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Radim J Sram
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Friedo Zölzer
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Bahrami N, Seibert TM, Karunamuni R, Bartsch H, Krishnan A, Farid N, Hattangadi-Gluth JA, McDonald CR. Altered Network Topology in Patients with Primary Brain Tumors After Fractionated Radiotherapy. Brain Connect 2017; 7:299-308. [PMID: 28486817 PMCID: PMC5510052 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2017.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a critical treatment modality for patients with brain tumors, although it can cause adverse effects. Recent data suggest that brain RT is associated with dose-dependent cortical atrophy, which could disrupt neocortical networks. This study examines whether brain RT affects structural network properties in brain tumor patients. We applied graph theory to MRI-derived cortical thickness estimates of 54 brain tumor patients before and after RT. Cortical surfaces were parcellated into 68 regions and correlation matrices were created for patients pre- and post-RT. Significant changes in graph network properties were tested using nonparametric permutation tests. Linear regressions were conducted to measure the association between dose and changes in nodal network connectivity. Increases in transitivity, modularity, and global efficiency (n = 54, p < 0.0001) were all observed in patients post-RT. Decreases in local efficiency (n = 54, p = 0.007) and clustering coefficient (n = 54, p = 0.005) were seen in regions receiving higher RT doses, including the inferior parietal lobule and rostral anterior cingulate. These findings demonstrate alterations in global and local network topology following RT, characterized by increased segregation of brain regions critical to cognition. These pathological network changes may contribute to the late delayed cognitive impairments observed in many patients following brain RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Bahrami
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics (CMIG), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tyler M. Seibert
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Roshan Karunamuni
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - AnithaPriya Krishnan
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nikdokht Farid
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Carrie R. McDonald
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics (CMIG), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Mendoza-Viveros L, Chiang CK, Ong JLK, Hegazi S, Cheng AH, Bouchard-Cannon P, Fana M, Lowden C, Zhang P, Bothorel B, Michniewicz MG, Magill ST, Holmes MM, Goodman RH, Simonneaux V, Figeys D, Cheng HYM. miR-132/212 Modulates Seasonal Adaptation and Dendritic Morphology of the Central Circadian Clock. Cell Rep 2017; 19:505-520. [PMID: 28423315 PMCID: PMC5864111 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), encodes day length information by mechanisms that are not well understood. Here, we report that genetic ablation of miR-132/212 alters entrainment to different day lengths and non-24 hr day-night cycles, as well as photoperiodic regulation of Period2 expression in the SCN. SCN neurons from miR-132/212-deficient mice have significantly reduced dendritic spine density, along with altered methyl CpG-binding protein (MeCP2) rhythms. In Syrian hamsters, a model seasonal rodent, day length regulates spine density on SCN neurons in a melatonin-independent manner, as well as expression of miR-132, miR-212, and their direct target, MeCP2. Genetic disruption of Mecp2 fully restores the level of dendritic spines of miR-132/212-deficient SCN neurons. Our results reveal that, by regulating the dendritic structure of SCN neurons through a MeCP2-dependent mechanism, miR-132/212 affects the capacity of the SCN to encode seasonal time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Cheng-Kang Chiang
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jonathan L K Ong
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Sara Hegazi
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Arthur H Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Pascale Bouchard-Cannon
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Michael Fana
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Christopher Lowden
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Béatrice Bothorel
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR CNRS 3212, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthew G Michniewicz
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Stephen T Magill
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Melissa M Holmes
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Richard H Goodman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR CNRS 3212, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 180 Dundas Street West, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying M Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
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Zheng X, Tan DX, Allan AC, Zuo B, Zhao Y, Reiter RJ, Wang L, Wang Z, Guo Y, Zhou J, Shan D, Li Q, Han Z, Kong J. Chloroplastic biosynthesis of melatonin and its involvement in protection of plants from salt stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41236. [PMID: 28145449 PMCID: PMC5286529 DOI: 10.1038/srep41236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the chloroplasts reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during photosynthesis and stressful conditions. Excessive ROS damages chloroplasts and reduces photosynthesis if not properly detoxified. In this current study, we document that chloroplasts produce melatonin, a recently-discovered plant antioxidant molecule. When N-acetylserotonin, a substrate for melatonin synthesis, was fed to purified chloroplasts, they produced melatonin in a dose-response manner. To further confirm this function of chloroplasts, the terminal enzyme for melatonin synthesis, N-acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase (ASMT), was cloned from apple rootstock, Malus zumi. The in vivo fluorescence observations and Western blots confirmed MzASMT9 was localized in the chloroplasts. A study of enzyme kinetics revealed that the Km and Vmax of the purified recombinant MzASMT9 protein for melatonin synthesis were 500 μM and 12 pmol/min·mg protein, respectively. Arabidopsis ectopically-expressing MzASMT9 possessed improved melatonin level. Importantly, the MzASMT9 gene was found to be upregulated by high light intensity and salt stress. Increased melatonin due to the highly-expressed MzASMT9 resulted in Arabidopsis lines with enhanced salt tolerance than wild type plants, as indicated by reduced ROS, lowered lipid peroxidation and enhanced photosynthesis. These findings have agricultural applications for the genetic enhancement of melatonin-enriched plants for increasing crop production under a variety of unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dun X. Tan
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, The UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- Plant & Food Research, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bixiao Zuo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, The UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtian Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Maruta T, Ogawa T, Tsujimura M, Ikemoto K, Yoshida T, Takahashi H, Yoshimura K, Shigeoka S. Loss-of-function of an Arabidopsis NADPH pyrophosphohydrolase, AtNUDX19, impacts on the pyridine nucleotides status and confers photooxidative stress tolerance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37432. [PMID: 27874073 PMCID: PMC5118724 DOI: 10.1038/srep37432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels and redox states of pyridine nucleotides, such as NADP(H), regulate the cellular redox homeostasis, which is crucial for photooxidative stress response in plants. However, how they are controlled is poorly understood. An Arabidopsis Nudix hydrolase, AtNUDX19, was previously identified to have NADPH hydrolytic activity in vitro, suggesting this enzyme to be a regulator of the NADPH status. We herein examined the physiological role of AtNUDX19 using its loss-of-function mutants. NADPH levels were increased in nudx19 mutants under both normal and high light conditions, while NADP+ and NAD+ levels were decreased. Despite the high redox states of NADP(H), nudx19 mutants exhibited high tolerance to moderate light- or methylviologen-induced photooxidative stresses. This tolerance might be partially attributed to the activation of either or both photosynthesis and the antioxidant system. Furthermore, a microarray analysis suggested the role of ANUDX19 in regulation of the salicylic acid (SA) response in a negative manner. Indeed, nudx19 mutants accumulated SA and showed high sensitivity to the hormone. Our findings demonstrate that ANUDX19 acts as an NADPH pyrophosphohydrolase to modulate cellular levels and redox states of pyridine nucleotides and fine-tunes photooxidative stress response through the regulation of photosynthesis, antioxidant system, and possibly hormonal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Masaki Tsujimura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ikemoto
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Yoshida
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Hiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoshimura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
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Pompeiano A, Damiani CR, Stefanini S, Vernieri P, Huarancca Reyes T, Volterrani M, Guglielminetti L. Seedling Establishment of Tall Fescue Exposed to Long-Term Starvation Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166131. [PMID: 27832166 PMCID: PMC5104456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In germinating seeds under unfavorable environmental conditions, the mobilization of stores in the cotyledons is delayed, which may result in a different modulation of carbohydrates balance and a decrease in seedling vigor. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) caryopses grown at 4°C in the dark for an extended period in complete absence of nutrients, showed an unexpected ability to survive. Seedlings grown at 4°C for 210 days were morphologically identical to seedlings grown at 23°C for 21 days. After 400 days, seedlings grown at 4°C were able to differentiate plastids to chloroplast in just few days once transferred to the light and 23°C. Tall fescue exposed to prolonged period at 4°C showed marked anatomical changes: cell wall thickening, undifferentiated plastids, more root hairs and less xylem lignification. Physiological modifications were also observed, in particular related to sugar content, GA and ABA levels and amylolytic enzymes pattern. The phytohormones profiles exhibited at 4 and 23°C were comparable when normalized to the respective physiological states. Both the onset and the completion of germination were linked to GA and ABA levels, as well as to the ratio between these two hormones. All plants showed a sharp decline in carbohydrate content, with a consequent onset of gradual sugar starvation. This explained the slowed then full arrest in growth under both treatment regimes. The analysis of amylolytic activity showed that Ca2+ played a central role in the stabilization of several isoforms. Overall, convergence of starvation and hormone signals meet in crosstalk to regulate germination, growth and development in tall fescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pompeiano
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Sara Stefanini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vernieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Volterrani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guglielminetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Kozuleva M, Goss T, Twachtmann M, Rudi K, Trapka J, Selinski J, Ivanov B, Garapati P, Steinhoff HJ, Hase T, Scheibe R, Klare JP, Hanke GT. Ferredoxin:NADP(H) Oxidoreductase Abundance and Location Influences Redox Poise and Stress Tolerance. Plant Physiol 2016; 172:1480-1493. [PMID: 27634426 PMCID: PMC5100767 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In linear photosynthetic electron transport, ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase (FNR) transfers electrons from ferredoxin (Fd) to NADP+ Both NADPH and reduced Fd (Fdred) are required for reductive assimilation and light/dark activation/deactivation of enzymes. FNR is therefore a hub, connecting photosynthetic electron transport to chloroplast redox metabolism. A correlation between FNR content and tolerance to oxidative stress is well established, although the precise mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the impact of altered FNR content and localization on electron transport and superoxide radical evolution in isolated thylakoids, and probed resulting changes in redox homeostasis, expression of oxidative stress markers, and tolerance to high light in planta. Our data indicate that the ratio of Fdred to FNR is critical, with either too much or too little FNR potentially leading to increased superoxide production, and perception of oxidative stress at the level of gene transcription. In FNR overexpressing plants, which show more NADP(H) and glutathione pools, improved tolerance to high-light stress indicates that disturbance of chloroplast redox poise and increased free radical generation may help "prime" the plant and induce protective mechanisms. In fnr1 knock-outs, the NADP(H) and glutathione pools are more oxidized relative to the wild type, and the photoprotective effect is absent despite perception of oxidative stress at the level of gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kozuleva
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Tatjana Goss
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Manuel Twachtmann
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Katherina Rudi
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Jennifer Trapka
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Jennifer Selinski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Boris Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Prashanth Garapati
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Heinz-Juergen Steinhoff
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Toshiharu Hase
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Johann P Klare
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
| | - Guy T Hanke
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.);
- Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany;
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.)
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Lin ST, Chiou CW, Chu YL, Hsiao Y, Tseng YF, Chen YC, Chen HJ, Chang HY, Lee TM. Enhanced Ascorbate Regeneration Via Dehydroascorbate Reductase Confers Tolerance to Photo-Oxidative Stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Cell Physiol 2016; 57:2104-2121. [PMID: 27440549 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of ascorbate (AsA) recycling via dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) in the tolerance of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to photo-oxidative stress was examined. The activity of DHAR and the abundance of the CrDHAR1 (Cre10.g456750) transcript increased after moderate light (ML; 750 µmol m-2 s-1) or high light (HL; 1,800 µmol m-2 s-1) illumination, accompanied by dehydroascorbate (DHA) accumulation, decreased AsA redox state, photo-inhibition, lipid peroxidation, H2O2 overaccumulation, growth inhibition and cell death. It suggests that DHAR and AsA recycling is limiting under high-intensity light stress. The CrDHAR1 gene was cloned and its recombinant CrDHAR1 protein was a monomer (25 kDa) detected by Western blot that exhibits an enzymatic activity of 965 µmol min-1 mg-1 protein. CrDHAR1 was overexpressed driven by a HSP70A:RBCS2 fusion promoter or down-regulated by artificial microRNA (amiRNA) to examine whether DHAR-mediated AsA recycling is critical for the tolerance of C. reinahartii cells to photo-oxidative stress. The overexpression of CrDHAR1 increased DHAR protein abundance and enzyme activity, AsA pool size, AsA:DHA ratio and the tolerance to ML-, HL-, methyl viologen- or H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The CrDHAR1-knockdown amiRNA lines that have lower DHAR expression and AsA recycling ability were sensitive to high-intensity illumination and oxidative stress. The glutathione pool size, glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio and glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were increased in CrDHAR1-overexpressing cells and showed a further increase after high-intensity illumination but decreased in wild-type cells after light stress. The present results suggest that increasing AsA regeneration via enhanced DHAR activity modulates the ascorbate-glutathione cycle activity in C. reinhardtii against photo-oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Tseng Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chih-Wen Chiou
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yen-Lin Chu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hsiao
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fei Tseng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Jung Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yang Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- The Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- The Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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Zhao X, Tang X, Zhang H, Qu T, Wang Y. Photosynthetic adaptation strategy of Ulva prolifera floating on the sea surface to environmental changes. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 107:116-125. [PMID: 27262405 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For 8 consecutive years, a green tide has originated in the southern Yellow Sea and spread to the Qingdao offshore area. The causative species, Ulva prolifera, always forms a very thick thallus mat that is capable of drifting long distances over long periods. During this process, although the thalli face disturbance by complex environmental factors, they maintain high biomass and proliferation. We hypothesized that some form of photosynthetic adaptation strategy must exist to protect the thalli. Therefore, we studied the different photosynthetic response characteristics of the surface and lower layers of the floating thallus mats, and investigated the physiological and molecular-level adaptation mechanisms. The results showed that: (1) U. prolifera has strong photosynthetic capability that ensures it can gain sufficient energy to increase its biomass and adapt to long-distance migration. (2) Surface layer thalli adapt to the complex environment by dissipating excess energy via photosynthetic quantum control (energy quenching and energy redistribution between PSII/PSI) to avoid irreversible damage to the photosynthetic system. (3) Lower layer thalli increase their contents of Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and Chlorophyll b (Chl b) and decrease their Chl a/Chl b ratio to improve their ability to use light energy. (4) U. prolifera has strong photosynthetic plasticity and can adapt to frequent exchange between the surface and lower layer environments because of wave disturbance. Pigment component changes, energy quenching, and energy redistribution between PSII/PSI contribute to this photosynthetic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, China.
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, China.
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, China.
| | - Tongfei Qu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, China.
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van Veen H, Vashisht D, Akman M, Girke T, Mustroph A, Reinen E, Hartman S, Kooiker M, van Tienderen P, Schranz ME, Bailey-Serres J, Voesenek LACJ, Sasidharan R. Transcriptomes of Eight Arabidopsis thaliana Accessions Reveal Core Conserved, Genotype- and Organ-Specific Responses to Flooding Stress. Plant Physiol 2016; 172:668-689. [PMID: 27208254 PMCID: PMC5047075 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has increased the frequency and severity of flooding events, with significant negative impact on agricultural productivity. These events often submerge plant aerial organs and roots, limiting growth and survival due to a severe reduction in light reactions and gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis and respiration, respectively. To distinguish molecular responses to the compound stress imposed by submergence, we investigated transcriptomic adjustments to darkness in air and under submerged conditions using eight Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions differing significantly in sensitivity to submergence. Evaluation of root and rosette transcriptomes revealed an early transcriptional and posttranscriptional response signature that was conserved primarily across genotypes, although flooding susceptibility-associated and genotype-specific responses also were uncovered. Posttranscriptional regulation encompassed darkness- and submergence-induced alternative splicing of transcripts from pathways involved in the alternative mobilization of energy reserves. The organ-specific transcriptome adjustments reflected the distinct physiological status of roots and shoots. Root-specific transcriptome changes included marked up-regulation of chloroplast-encoded photosynthesis and redox-related genes, whereas those of the rosette were related to the regulation of development and growth processes. We identified a novel set of tolerance genes, recognized mainly by quantitative differences. These included a transcriptome signature of more pronounced gluconeogenesis in tolerant accessions, a response that included stress-induced alternative splicing. This study provides organ-specific molecular resolution of genetic variation in submergence responses involving interactions between darkness and low-oxygen constraints of flooding stress and demonstrates that early transcriptome plasticity, including alternative splicing, is associated with the ability to cope with a compound environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans van Veen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
| | - Divya Vashisht
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
| | - Melis Akman
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
| | - Thomas Girke
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
| | - Emilie Reinen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
| | - Sjon Hartman
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
| | - Maarten Kooiker
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
| | - Peter van Tienderen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
| | - M Eric Schranz
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
| | - Laurentius A C J Voesenek
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.v.V., D.V., E.R., S.H., M.K., J.B.-S., L.A.C.J.V., R.S.);Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy (H.v.V.);Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., P.v.T.);Center for Plant Cell Biology, Botany, and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (T.G., J.B.-S.);Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); andBiosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.E.S.)
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Bannayan M, Paymard P, Ashraf B. Vulnerability of maize production under future climate change: possible adaptation strategies. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:4465-4474. [PMID: 26847375 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change can affect the productivity and geographic distribution of crops. Therefore, evaluation of adaptive management options is crucial in dealing with negative impacts of climate change. The objectives of this study were to simulate the impacts of climate change on maize production in the north-east of Iran. Moreover, vulnerability index which indicated that how much of the crop yield loss is related to the drought was computed for each location to identify where adaptation and mitigation strategies are effective. Different sowing dates were also applied as an adaptation approach to decrease the negative impacts of climate change in study area. RESULTS The results showed that the maize yield would decline during the 21st century from -2.6% to -82% at all study locations in comparison with the baseline. The result of vulnerability index also indicated that using the adaptation strategies could be effective in all of the study areas. Using different sowing dates as an adaptation approach showed that delaying the sowing date will be advantageous in order to obtain higher yield in all study locations in future. CONCLUSION This study provided insight regarding the climate change impacts on maize production and the efficacy of adaptation strategies. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bannayan
- Department of Agronomy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Paymard
- Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University - Mashhad Branch, P.O. Box 91735-413, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Batool Ashraf
- Department of Irrigation Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Bannister LA, Mantha RR, Devantier Y, Petoukhov ES, Brideau CLA, Serran ML, Klokov DY. Dose and Radioadaptive Response Analysis of Micronucleus Induction in Mouse Bone Marrow. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091548. [PMID: 27649149 PMCID: PMC5037821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced cellular DNA repair efficiency and suppression of genomic instability have been proposed as mechanisms underlying radio-adaptive responses following low-dose radiation exposures. We previously showed that low-dose γ irradiation does not generate radio-adaptation by lowering radiation-induced cytogenetic damage in mouse spleen. Since radiation may exert tissue-specific effects, we extended these results here by examining the effects of γ radiation on cytogenetic damage and proliferative index in bone marrow erythrocytes of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. In C57BL/6 mice, the induction of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) was observed at radiation doses of 100 mGy and greater, and suppression of erythroblast maturation occurred at doses of >500 mGy. A linear dose-response relationship for MN-PCE frequencies in C57BL/6 mice was established for radiation doses between 100 mGy and 1 Gy, with departure from linearity at doses of >1 Gy. BALB/c mice exhibited increased MN-PCE frequencies above baseline following a 20 mGy radiation exposure but did not exhibit radio-sensitivity relative to C57BL/6 mice following 2 Gy exposure. Radio-adaptation of bone marrow erythrocytes was not observed in either strain of mice exposed to low-dose priming γ irradiation (single doses of 20 mGy or 100 mGy or multiple 20 mGy doses) administered at various times prior to acute 2 Gy irradiation, confirming the lack of radio-adaptive response for induction of cytogenetic damage or suppression or erythrocyte proliferation/maturation in bone marrow of these mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bannister
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
| | - Rebecca R Mantha
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
| | - Yvonne Devantier
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
| | - Eugenia S Petoukhov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
| | - Chantal L A Brideau
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
| | - Mandy L Serran
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
| | - Dmitry Y Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
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Abstract
In mammals, light exerts pervasive effects on physiology and behavior in two ways: indirectly through clock synchronization and the phase adjustment of circadian rhythms, and directly through the promotion of alertness and sleep, respectively, in diurnal and nocturnal species. A recent report by Pilorz and colleagues describes an even more complex role for the acute effects of light. In mice, blue light acutely causes behavioral arousal, whereas green wavelengths promote sleep. These opposing effects are mediated by melanopsin-based phototransduction through different neural pathways. These findings reconcile nocturnal and diurnal species through a common alerting response to blue light. One can hypothesize that the opposite responses to natural polychromatic light in night- or day-active animals may reflect higher sensitivity of nocturnal species to green, and diurnals to blue wavelengths, resulting in hypnogenic and alerting effects, respectively. Additional questions remain to be clarified. How do different light wavelengths affect other behaviors such as mood and cognition? How do those results apply to humans? How does light pose either a risk or benefit, depending on whether one needs to be asleep or alert? Indeed, in addition to timing, luminance levels, and light exposure duration, these findings stress the need to understand how best to adapt the color spectrum of light to our needs and to take this into account for the design of daily lighting concepts—a key challenge for today’s society, especially with the emergence of LED light technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Bourgin
- CNRS-UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Sleep Disorders Center—CIRCSom, CHU and FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeffrey Hubbard
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Silva B, Sfer A, D'Urso Villar MA, Issolio LA, Colombo EM. Pupil dynamics with periodic flashes: effect of age on mesopic adaptation. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2016; 33:1546-1552. [PMID: 27505653 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.33.001546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the pupillary dynamics with periodical flashes from a peripheral glare source, in similar conditions to night driving, while focusing on dependence with age. We measured two groups of people: youth and adults. Maximum pupil size decreases due to periodic flashes. Latency does not present significant differences. The reduction of pupil size is greater for older adults. The presence of a peripheral and periodic glare source modifies the pupil size. This leads to a reduction of retinal illuminance, which is greater for older adults.
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