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Du K, Shi Q, Zhou X, Zhang L, Su H, Zhang C, Wei Z, Liu T, Wang L, Wang X, Cong B, Yun K. Melatonin attenuates fentanyl - induced behavioral sensitization and circadian rhythm disorders in mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 279:114523. [PMID: 38492912 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone synthesized by the pineal gland to regulate the circadian rhythms and has proven to be effective in treating drug addiction and dependence. However, the effects of melatonin to modulate the drug-seeking behavior of fentanyl and its underlying molecular mechanism is elusive. This study was designed to investigate the effects of melatonin on fentanyl - induced behavioral sensitization and circadian rhythm disorders in mice. The accompanying changes in the expression of Brain and Muscle Arnt-Like (BMAL1), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in relevant brain regions including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), nucleus accumbens (NAc), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus (Hip) were investigated by western blot assays to dissect the mechanism by which melatonin modulates fentanyl - induced behavioral sensitization and circadian rhythm disorders. The present study suggest that fentanyl (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) could induce behavioral sensitization and melatonin (30.0 mg/kg) could attenuate the behavioral sensitization and circadian rhythm disorders in mice. Fentanyl treatment reduced the expression of BMAL1 and MAO-A and increased that of TH in relevant brain regions. Furthermore, melatonin treatment could reverse the expression levels of BMAL1, MAO-A, and TH. In conclusion, our study demonstrate for the first time that melatonin has therapeutic potential for fentanyl addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Du
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qianwen Shi
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Xiuya Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lifei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Hongliang Su
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Zhiwen Wei
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Bin Cong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China; School of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Keming Yun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China.
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Sato F, Bhawal UK, Oikawa K, Muragaki Y. Loss of Dec1 inhibits alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and circadian rhythm disorder. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:1. [PMID: 38166556 PMCID: PMC10763066 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-023-00497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol exposure increases liver damage such as lipid accumulation and hepatitis, resulting in hepatic cirrhosis. Chronic alcohol intake is known to disturb circadian rhythms in humans and animals. DEC1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, plays an important role in the circadian rhythm, inflammation, immune responses, and tumor progression. We have previously shown that Dec1 deficiency inhibits stresses such as periodontal inflammation and perivascular fibrosis of the heart. However, the significance of Dec1 deficiency in chronic alcohol consumption remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether the biological stress caused by chronic alcohol intake is inhibited in Dec1 knockout mice. We treated control and Dec1 knockout mice for three months by providing free access to 10% alcohol. The Dec1 knockout mice consumed more alcohol than control mice, however, we observed severe hepatic lipid accumulation and circadian rhythm disturbance in control mice. In contrast, Dec1 knockout mice exhibited little effect on these outcomes. We also investigated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which are involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increases of phosphorylation AMPK and PPARa but decreases PPARg in Dec1 knockout mice compared to that in control mice. This indicates a molecular basis for the inhibition of hepatic lipid accumulation in alcohol-treated Dec1 knockout mice. These results suggest a novel function of Dec1 in alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and circadian rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Sato
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, 411-8777, Japan.
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, 641- 8509, Japan.
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
- Center for Global Health Research , Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals , Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Kosuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, 641- 8509, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, 641- 8509, Japan
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Sun Z, Yuan W, Li L, Cai H, Mao X, Zhang L, Zang G, Wang Z. Macrophage CD36 and TLR4 Cooperation Promotes Foam Cell Formation and VSMC Migration and Proliferation Under Circadian Oscillations. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:985-997. [PMID: 35257279 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disorders can accelerate atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the role of circadian disordered macrophages in atherosclerotic development. Mice were divided into NC group (normal circadian rhythm), L24 group (constant light), D12L12 group (weekly shift light/dark cycle), and D24 group (constant dark). Atherosclerotic progression was significantly accelerated in L24, D12L12, and D24 groups. Peritoneal macrophages from circadian disruption groups exhibited enhanced cytokine secretion and foam cell formation. Migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were increased under the conditioned medium of circadian disordered macrophages. The blockade of CD36 markedly inhibited foam cell formation. Compared with blocking CD36 or TLR4 alone, the co-inhibition of CD36 and TLR4 in macrophages further reduced cytokine secretion and more effectively inhibited VSMC migration and proliferation. In conclusion, the activation of CD36 and TLR4 in circadian disordered macrophages promotes foam cell formation and cytokine secretion and enhances VSMC migration and proliferation. Circadian rhythm disorders promote lipid uptake and cytokine secretion of macrophages by regulating CD36 and TLR4, and enhance VSMC migration and proliferation through the paracrine effect of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Honghua Cai
- Department of Burn Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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Abstract
Circadian rhythm is an intrinsic mechanism developed by organisms to adapt to external environmental signals. Nowadays, owing to the job and after-work entertainment, staying up late - Circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) are common. CRD is linked to the development of fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, and chronic gastroenteritis, which affecting the body's metabolic and inflammatory responses via multi-organ crosstalk (gut-liver-brain axis, etc.). However, studies on the mechanisms of multi-organ interactions by CRD are still weak. Current studies on therapeutic agents for CRD remain inadequate, and phytochemicals have been shown to alleviate CRD-induced syndromes that may be used for CRD-therapy in the future. Tea, a popular phytochemical-rich beverage, reduces glucolipid metabolism and inflammation. But it is immature and unclear in the mechanisms of alleviation of CRD-mediated syndrome. Here, we have analyzed the threat of CRD to hosts and their offspring' health from the perspective of the "gut-liver-brain" axis. The potential mechanisms of tea in alleviating CRD were further explored. It might be by interfering with bile acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and G protein-coupled receptors, with FXR, AHR, and GPCR as potential targets. We hope to provide new perspectives on the role of tea in the prevention and mitigation of CRD.HighlightsThe review highlights the health challenges of CRD via the gut-liver-brain axis.CRD research should focus on the health effects on healthy models and its offspring.Tea may prevent CRD by regulating bile acid, tryptophan, and GPCR.Potential targets for tea prevention and mitigation of CRD include FXR, AHR and GPCR.A comprehensive assessment mechanism for tea in improving CRD should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyong Luo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Halabi D, Richter HG, Mendez N, Kähne T, Spichiger C, Salazar E, Torres F, Vergara K, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. Maternal Chronodisruption Throughout Pregnancy Impairs Glucose Homeostasis and Adipose Tissue Physiology in the Male Rat Offspring. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:678468. [PMID: 34484111 PMCID: PMC8415792 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.678468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence in rats support the idea that gestational chronodisruption induces major changes in maternal circadian rhythms and fetal development and that these changes impact adult life at many physiological levels. Using a model of chronic photoperiod shifting throughout gestation (CPS), in which pregnant female rats (Sprague-Dawley strain; n = 16 per group) were exposed to lighting schedule manipulation every 3-4 days reversing the photoperiod completely or light/dark photoperiod (12/12; LD), we explored in the adult rat male offspring body weight gain, glucose homeostasis, adipose tissue content, adipose tissue response to norepinephrine (NE), and adipose tissue proteomic in the basal condition with standard diet (SD) and in response to high-fat diet (HFD). In adult CPS male (100-200 days old; n = 8 per group), we found increasing body weight, under SD and adiposity. Also, we found an increased response to intraperitoneal glucose (IGTT). After 12 weeks of HFD, white adipose tissue depots in CPS offspring were increased further, and higher IGTT and lower intraperitoneal insulin tolerance response were found, despite the lack of changes in food intake. In in vitro experiments, we observed that adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) glycerol response to NE from CPS offspring was decreased, and it was completely abolished by HFD. At the proteomic level, in CPS adipose tissue, 275 proteins displayed differential expression, compared with LD animals fed with a standard diet. Interestingly, CPS offspring and LD fed with HFD showed 20 proteins in common (2 upregulated and 18 downregulated). Based on these common proteins, the IPA analysis found that two functional pathways were significantly altered by CPS: network 1 (AKT/ERK) and network 2 (TNF/IL4; data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026315). The present data show that gestational chronodisruption induced deleterious effects in adipose tissue recruitment and function, supporting the idea that adipose tissue function was programmed in utero by gestational chronodisruption, inducing deficient metabolic responses that persist into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Halabi
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hans G. Richter
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Mass Spectrometry for Massive Proteomics, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Esteban Salazar
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fabiola Torres
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria Seron-Ferre
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudia Torres-Farfan,
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He C, Shen W, Chen C, Wang Q, Lu Q, Shao W, Jiang Z, Hu H. Circadian Rhythm Disruption Influenced Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, Gut Microbiota and Promoted Cholesterol Gallstone Formation in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:723918. [PMID: 34745000 PMCID: PMC8567099 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.723918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic lipid metabolism regulates biliary composition and influences the formation of cholesterol gallstones. The genes Hmgcr and Cyp7a1, which encode key liver enzymes, are regulated by circadian rhythm-related transcription factors. We aimed to investigate the effect of circadian rhythm disruption on hepatic cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and the incidence of cholesterol stone formation. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a lithogenic diet (LD) only during the sleep phase (time-restricted lithogenic diet feeding, TRF) or an LD ad libitum (non-time-restricted lithogenic diet feeding, nTRF) for 4 weeks. Food consumption, body mass gain, and the incidence of gallstones were assessed. Circulating metabolic parameters, lipid accumulation in the liver, the circadian expression of hepatic clock and metabolic genes, and the gut microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS TRF caused a dysregulation of the circadian rhythm in the mice, characterized by significant differences in the circadian expression patterns of clock-related genes. In TRF mice, the circadian rhythms in the expression of genes involved in bile acid and cholesterol metabolism were disrupted, as was the circadian rhythm of the gut microbiota. These changes were associated with high biliary cholesterol content, which promoted gallstone formation in the TRF mice. CONCLUSION Disordered circadian rhythm is associated with abnormal hepatic bile acid and cholesterol metabolism in mice, which promotes gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hai Hu
- *Correspondence: Hai Hu, ; Zhaoyan Jiang,
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Tchio C, Baba K, Piccione G, Tosini G. Removal of melatonin receptor type 1 signalling induces dyslipidaemia and hormonal changes in mice subjected to environmental circadian disruption. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021; 4:e00171. [PMID: 33532613 PMCID: PMC7831213 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in a circadian rhythmic manner with peak synthesis at night. Melatonin signalling was suggested to play a critical role in metabolism during the circadian disruption. Methods Melatonin-proficient (C3H-f+/+ or WT) and melatonin receptor type 1 knockout (MT1 KO) male and female mice were phase-advanced (6 hours) once a week for 6 weeks. Every week, we measured weight, food intake and basal glucose levels. At the end of the experiment, we sacrificed the animals and measured the blood's plasma for lipids profile (total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol), metabolic hormones profiles (ghrelin, leptin, insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like-peptide and resistin) and the body composition. Results Environmental circadian disruption (ECD) did not produce any significant effects in C3H-f+/+, while it increased lipids profile in MT1 KO with the significant increase observed in total lipids and triglycerides. For metabolic hormones profile, ECD decreased plasma ghrelin and increased plasma insulin in MT1 KO females. Under control condition, MT1 KO females have significantly different body weight, fat mass, total lipids and total cholesterol than the control C3H-f+/+ females. Conclusion Our data show that melatonin-proficient mice are not affected by ECD. When the MT1 receptors are removed, ECD induced dyslipidaemia in males and females with females experiencing the most adverse effect. Overall, our data demonstrate that MT1 signalling is an essential modulator of lipid and metabolic homeostasis during ECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Tchio
- Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Disorders ProgramNeuroscience InstituteAtlantaGAUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMorehouse School of MedicineNeuroscience InstituteAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Kenkichi Baba
- Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Disorders ProgramNeuroscience InstituteAtlantaGAUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMorehouse School of MedicineNeuroscience InstituteAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Dipartimento di Medicine VeterinariaUniversita di MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Disorders ProgramNeuroscience InstituteAtlantaGAUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMorehouse School of MedicineNeuroscience InstituteAtlantaGAUSA
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Socaciu AI, Ionuţ R, Socaciu MA, Ungur AP, Bârsan M, Chiorean A, Socaciu C, Râjnoveanu AG. Melatonin, an ubiquitous metabolic regulator: functions, mechanisms and effects on circadian disruption and degenerative diseases. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:465-478. [PMID: 32691289 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The last four decades, we assist to an increasing scientific interest on melatonin, a circadian hormone, a metabolic regulator which influences not only plants' metabolism and their defense against pathogens but mostly the animals and humans' metabolic pathways, their response to circadian disruption, stress and burnout syndrome. In humans, as a hormonal regulator, produced in the pineal grand as well in mitochondria, melatonin is involved in different, complex intracellular signaling pathways, with antioxidant and immune stimulating effects, proving to act as a circadian synchronizer, as a preventive and therapeutic agent in many degenerative diseases, and especially in hormone-dependent cancers. Preclinical or clinical studies showed recently the mechanisms involved in regulating the cellular activity, its role in aging and circadian disturbances and impact on degenerative diseases. Melatonin proved to have an anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and powerful antioxidant effect by subtle mechanisms in mitochondrial metabolic pathways. This overview includes recent and relevant literature data related to the impact of endogenous and exogeneous melatonin on the prevention of cancer progression and treatment of various degenerative diseases. Metabolomics, an emerging new omics' technology, based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is presented as an encouraging technique to fingerprint and realize a precise evaluation and monitoring of the turnover of melatonin and its metabolites in different pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Iulia Socaciu
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Răzvan Ionuţ
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Adrian Socaciu
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Petra Ungur
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Bârsan
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angelica Chiorean
- Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Armand Gabriel Râjnoveanu
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by the circadian clock, a self-sustained internal timing system that exhibits 24-h rhythms in the body. In mammals, circadian rhythms are driven by a central clock located in suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral clocks located in different tissues and organs of the body. Many cellular, behavioral, and physiological processes are regulated by the circadian clock in coordination with environmental cues. The process of metabolism is also under circadian regulation. Loss of synchronization between the internal clock and environmental zeitgebers results in disruption of the circadian rhythms that seriously impacts metabolic homeostasis leading to changed eating behavior, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, and weight gain. This in turn augments the risk of having various cardio-metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. This review sheds light on circadian rhythms and their role in metabolism with the identification of gaps in the current knowledge that remain to be explored in these fields. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms have been elaborated first. Then, the focus has been kept on explaining the physiological significance of circadian rhythms in regulating metabolism. Finally, the implications for metabolism when these rhythms are disrupted due to genetic mutations or social and occupational needs enforced by modern lifestyle have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjis Fatima
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Rana
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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10
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Abstract
The circadian system generates endogenous rhythms of approximately 24 h, the synchronisation of which are vital for healthy bodily function. The timing of many physiological processes, including glucose metabolism, are coordinated by the circadian system, and circadian disruptions that desynchronise or misalign these rhythms can result in adverse health outcomes. In this review, we cover the role of the circadian system and its disruption in glucose metabolism in healthy individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We begin by defining circadian rhythms and circadian disruption and then we provide an overview of circadian regulation of glucose metabolism. We next discuss the impact of circadian disruptions on glucose control and type 2 diabetes. Given the concurrent high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and circadian disruption, understanding the mechanisms underlying the impact of circadian disruption on glucose metabolism may aid in improving glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy C Mason
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gail K Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang L, Zhao J, Wang C, Hou X, Ning N, Sun C, Guo S, Yuan Y, Li L, Hölscher C, Wang X. D-Ser2-oxyntomodulin ameliorated Aβ31-35-induced circadian rhythm disorder in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:343-354. [PMID: 31411808 PMCID: PMC7053239 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The occurrence of circadian rhythm disorder in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely related to the abnormal deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), and d-Ser2-oxyntomodulin (Oxy) is a protease-resistant oxyntomodulin analogue that has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. AIMS This study aimed to explore whether Oxy, a new GLP-1R/GCGR dual receptor agonist, can improve the Aβ-induced disrupted circadian rhythm and the role of GLP-1R. METHODS A mouse wheel-running experiment was performed to explore the circadian rhythm, and western blotting and real-time PCR were performed to assess the expression of the circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Per2. Furthermore, a lentivirus encoding an shGLP-1R-GFP-PURO was used to interfere with GLP-1R gene expression and so explore the role of GLP-1R. RESULTS The present study has confirmed that Oxy could restore Aβ31-35-induced circadian rhythm disorders and improve the abnormal expression of Bmal1 and Per2. After interfering the GLP-1R gene, we found that Oxy could not improve the Aβ31-35-induced circadian rhythm disorder and abnormal expression of clock genes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Oxy could improve Aβ31-35-induced circadian rhythm disorders, and GLP-1R plays a critical role. This study thus describes a novel target that may be potentially used in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Chang‐Tu Wang
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Laboratory of ChronobiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiao‐Hong Hou
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Na Ning
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Basic Medical SciencesShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Biomedical and Life Science, Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Xiao‐Hui Wang
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Laboratory of ChronobiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Basic Medical SciencesShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
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12
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Huang Y, Xu C, He M, Huang W, Wu K. Saliva cortisol, melatonin levels and circadian rhythm alterations in Chinese primary school children with dyslexia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19098. [PMID: 32028434 PMCID: PMC7015546 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is the main end product of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA axis), and melatonin (MT) has a regulating effect on HPA axis, and both are closely related to individual behavior and cognitive function. We aimed to evaluate cortisol and MT roles on children dyslexia in this study.A total of 72 dyslexic children and 72 controls were recruited in this study. Saliva samples were collected in the morning, afternoon, and night, respectively. The levels of saliva cortisol and MT were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Differences of cortisol and MT levels between dyslexic and normal children were compared, and the variation trend was also analyzed by dynamic monitoring in 3 time points.The levels of salivary cortisol and MT in children with dyslexia were all lower than those in normal children whether in the morning (7:30-8:30 AM ), at afternoon (15:30-16:30 PM ) or at night (21:30-22:30 PM ) (all P < .001). Compared with normal children, the circadian rhythm variations of salivary cortisol and MT in dyslexic children disappeared and became disordered. The salivary cortisol and MT levels in children with dyslexia were declined throughout the day; and the circadian rhythm was disordered or disappeared.The results suggest that cortisol and MT levels and their circadian rhythm may affect children dyslexia, but the mechanisms need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meirong He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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13
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Liu J, Gao D, Dan J, Liu D, Peng L, Zhou R, Luo Y. The protective effect of cycloastragenol on aging mouse circadian rhythmic disorder induced by d-galactose. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16408-16415. [PMID: 31310357 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging process in mammals is associated with a decline in amplitude and a long period of circadian behaviors which are regulated by a central circadian regulator in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and local oscillators in peripheral tissues. It is unclear whether enhancing clock function can retard aging. Using fibroblasts expressing per2::lucSV and senescent cells, we revealed cycloastragenol (CAG), a natural aglycone derivative from astragaloside IV, as a clock amplitude enhancing small molecule. CAG could activate telomerase to antiaging, but no reports focused on its effects on circadian rhythm disorders in aging mice. Here we analyze the potential effects of CAG on d-galactose-induced aging mice on the circadian behavior and expression of clock genes. For this purpose, CAG (20 mg/kg orally), was administered daily to d-galactose (150 mg/kg, subcutaneous) mice model of aging for 6 weeks. An actogram analysis of free-running activity of these mice showed that CAG significantly enhances the locomotor activity. We further found that CAG increase expressions of per2 and bmal1 genes in liver and kidney of aging mouse. Furthermore, CAG enhanced clock protein BMAL1 and PER2 levels in aging mouse liver and SCN. Our results indicated that the CAG could restore the behavior of circadian rhythm in aging mice induced by d-galactose. These data of present study suggested that CAG could be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of age-related circadian rhythm disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxiao Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Juhua Dan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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14
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Ochiai M, Iida M, Agusa T, Takaguchi K, Fujii S, Nomiyama K, Iwata H. Effects of 4-Hydroxy-2,3,3',4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (4-OH-CB107) on Liver Transcriptome in Rats: Implication in the Disruption of Circadian Rhythm and Fatty Acid Metabolism. Toxicol Sci 2019; 165:118-130. [PMID: 29788408 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) have been detected in tissues of both wild animals and humans. Several previous studies have suggested adverse effects of OH-PCBs on the endocrine and nervous systems in mammals. However, there have been no studies on transcriptome analysis of the effects of OH-PCBs, and thus, the whole picture and mechanisms underlying the adverse effects induced by OH-PCBs are still poorly understood. We therefore investigated the mRNA expression profile in the liver of adult male Wistar rats treated with 4-hydroxy-2,3,3',4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (4-OH-CB107) to explore the genes responsive to OH-PCBs and to understand the potential effects of the chemical. Next-generation RNA sequencing analysis revealed changes in the expression of genes involved in the circadian rhythm and fatty acid metabolism, such as nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1, cryptochrome circadian clock 1, and enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, in 4-OH-CB107-treated rats. In addition, biochemical analysis of the plasma revealed a dose-dependent increase in the leucine aminopeptidase, indicating the onset of liver damage. These results suggest that OH-PCB exposure may induce liver injury as well as disrupt the circadian rhythm and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-related fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ochiai
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Midori Iida
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyusyu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-0067, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Agusa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Kohki Takaguchi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyusyu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-0067, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive disease that slowly destroys cognitive function, such as thinking, remembering, and reasoning, to a level that one cannot carry out a daily living. As people live longer, the risk of developing AD has increased to 1 in 10 among people who are older than 65 and to almost 1 in 2 among those who are older than 85 according to a 2019 Alzheimer's Association report. As a most common cause of dementia, AD accounts for 60-80% of all dementia cases. AD is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, composed of extracellular aggregates of amyloid-β peptides and intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau, respectively. Besides plaques and tangles, AD pathology includes synaptic dysfunction including loss of synapses, inflammation, brain atrophy, and brain hypometabolism, all of which contribute to progressive cognitive decline. Recent genetic studies of sporadic cases of AD have identified a score of risk factors, as reported by Hollingworth et al. (Nat Genet 43:429-435, 2001) and Lambert et al. (Nat Genet 45:1452-1458, 2013). Of all these genes, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) still presents the biggest risk factor for sporadic cases of AD, as stated in Saunders et al. (Neurology 43:1467-1472, 1993): depending on whether you have 1 or 2 copies of APOE4 allele, the risk increases from 3- to 12-fold, respectively, in line with Genin et al. (Mol Psychiatry 16:903-907, 2011). Besides these genetic risk factors, having type 2 diabetes (T2D), a chronic metabolic disease, is known to increase the AD risk by at least 2-fold when these individuals age, conforming to Sims-Robinson et al. (Nat Rev Neurol 6:551-559, 2010). Diabetes is reaching a pandemic scale with over 422 million people diagnosed worldwide in 2014 according to World Health Organization. Although what proportion of these diabetic patients develop AD is not known, even if 10% of diabetic patients develop AD later in their life, it would double the number of AD patients in the world. Better understanding between T2D and AD is of paramount of importance for the future. The goal of this review is to examine our current understanding on metabolic dysfunction in AD, so that a potential target can be identified in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Ryu
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E R Zimmer
- Department of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P Rosa-Neto
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - S O Yoon
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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16
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Lee Y, Lahens NF, Zhang S, Bedont J, Field JM, Sehgal A. G1/S cell cycle regulators mediate effects of circadian dysregulation on tumor growth and provide targets for timed anticancer treatment. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000228. [PMID: 31039152 PMCID: PMC6490878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption has multiple pathological consequences, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. To address such mechanisms, we subjected transformed cultured cells to chronic circadian desynchrony (CCD), mimicking a chronic jet-lag scheme, and assayed a range of cellular functions. The results indicated a specific circadian clock–dependent increase in cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis revealed up-regulation of G1/S phase transition genes (myelocytomatosis oncogene cellular homolog [Myc], cyclin D1/3, chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 [Cdt1]), concomitant with increased phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 and increased G1-S progression. Phospho-RB (Ser807/811) was found to oscillate in a circadian fashion and exhibit phase-shifted rhythms in circadian desynchronized cells. Consistent with circadian regulation, a CDK4/6 inhibitor approved for cancer treatment reduced growth of cultured cells and mouse tumors in a time-of-day–specific manner. Our study identifies a mechanism that underlies effects of circadian disruption on tumor growth and underscores the use of treatment timed to endogenous circadian rhythms. A study of “jet-lagged” cells reveals a specific molecular mechanism regulating cell proliferation that it impacted by circadian disruption, underscoring the importance of administering anti-cancer treatment at a specific time of day. Circadian misalignment caused by altered sleep–wake cycles, shift work, or frequent jet lag increases susceptibility to several disorders, including cancer. However, the mechanisms by which circadian disruption contributes to disease are not well understood, and so we addressed this issue by investigating the molecular, cellular, and biochemical consequences of chronic circadian desynchronization. Our studies using cancer cell or tumor tissue models show that chronic circadian desynchronization induces multiple oncogenic pathways to promote cell proliferation. In particular, chronic circadian desynchronization promotes phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein, thereby favoring G1/S phase cell cycle progression. Consistent with these findings, the antiproliferative activity of a selective inhibitor of the enzyme that phosphorylates RB has time-of-day–specific effects on cancer cells and mouse tumors, but this time dependence is abrogated by chronic jet-lag conditions. These data suggest a circadian regulation of G1/S cell cycle progression and provide an important molecular rationale for time-of-day–specific treatment of cancer patients, also known as chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yool Lee
- Penn Chronobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicholas F. Lahens
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shirley Zhang
- Penn Chronobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph Bedont
- Penn Chronobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Field
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Penn Chronobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Clarkson-Townsend DA, Everson TM, Deyssenroth MA, Burt AA, Hermetz KE, Hao K, Chen J, Marsit CJ. Maternal circadian disruption is associated with variation in placental DNA methylation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215745. [PMID: 31026301 PMCID: PMC6485638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption is a common environmental and occupational exposure with public health consequences, but not much is known about whether circadian disruption affects in utero development. We investigated whether maternal circadian disruption, using night shift work as a proxy, is associated with variations in DNA methylation patterns of placental tissue in an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of night shift work. Here, we compared cytosine-guanosine dinucleotide (CpG) specific methylation genome-wide of placental tissue (measured with the Illumina 450K array) from participants (n = 237) in the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS) who did (n = 53) and did not (n = 184) report working the night shift, using robust linear modeling and adjusting for maternal age, pre-pregnancy smoking, infant sex, maternal adversity, and putative cell mixture. Statistical analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons and results presented with Bonferroni or Benjamini and Hochberg (BH) adjustment for false discovery rate. Night shift work was associated with differential methylation in placental tissue, including CpG sites in the genes NAV1, SMPD1, TAPBP, CLEC16A, DIP2C, FAM172A, and PLEKHG6 (Bonferroni-adjusted p<0.05). CpG sites within NAV1, MXRA8, GABRG1, PRDM16, WNT5A, and FOXG1 exhibited the most hypomethylation, while CpG sites within TDO2, ADAMTSL3, DLX2, and SERPINA1 exhibited the most hypermethylation (BH q<0.10). Functional analysis indicated GO-terms associated with cell-cell adhesion and enriched GWAS results for psoriasis. Night shift work was associated with differential methylation of the placenta, which may have implications for fetal health and development. This is the first study to examine the epigenetic impacts of night shift exposure, as a proxy for circadian disruption, on placental methylation in humans, and, while results should be interpreted with caution, suggests circadian disruption may have epigenetic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Clarkson-Townsend
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Everson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maya A. Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Amber A. Burt
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Hermetz
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
The circadian system orchestrates metabolism in daily 24-hour cycles. Such rhythms organize metabolism by temporally separating opposing metabolic processes and by anticipating recurring feeding-fasting cycles to increase metabolic efficiency. Although animal studies demonstrate that the circadian system plays a pervasive role in regulating metabolism, it is unclear how, and to what degree, circadian research in rodents translates into humans. Here, we review evidence that the circadian system regulates glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in humans. Using a range of experimental protocols, studies in humans report circadian rhythms in glucose, insulin, glucose tolerance, lipid levels, energy expenditure, and appetite. Several of these rhythms peak in the biological morning or around noon, implicating earlier in the daytime is optimal for food intake. Importantly, disruptions in these rhythms impair metabolism and influence the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. We therefore also review evidence that circadian misalignment induced by mistimed light exposure, sleep, or food intake adversely affects metabolic health in humans. These interconnections among the circadian system, metabolism, and behavior underscore the importance of chronobiology for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Poggiogalle
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Humaira Jamshed
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Courtney M Peterson
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Bae SA, Androulakis IP. Mathematical analysis of circadian disruption and metabolic re-entrainment of hepatic gluconeogenesis: the intertwining entraining roles of light and feeding. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E531-E542. [PMID: 29351477 PMCID: PMC6032066 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00271.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythms influence the metabolic activity from molecular level to tissue, organ, and host level. Disruption of the circadian rhythms manifests to the host's health as metabolic syndromes, including obesity, diabetes, and elevated plasma glucose, eventually leading to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the mechanism behind the relationship between circadian rhythms and metabolism. To start answering this question, we propose a semimechanistic mathematical model to study the effect of circadian disruption on hepatic gluconeogenesis in humans. Our model takes the light-dark cycle and feeding-fasting cycle as two environmental inputs that entrain the metabolic activity in the liver. The model was validated by comparison with data from mice and rat experimental studies. Formal sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were conducted to elaborate on the driving forces for hepatic gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, simulating the impact of Clock gene knockout suggests that modification to the local pathways tied most closely to the feeding-fasting rhythms may be the most efficient way to restore the disrupted glucose metabolism in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-A Bae
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , New Brunswick, New Jersey
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20
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Swanson CM, Shea SA, Wolfe P, Cain SW, Munch M, Vujović N, Czeisler CA, Buxton OM, Orwoll ES. Bone Turnover Markers After Sleep Restriction and Circadian Disruption: A Mechanism for Sleep-Related Bone Loss in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3722-3730. [PMID: 28973223 PMCID: PMC5630251 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sleep abnormalities are associated with low bone mineral density. Underlying mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVE Investigate the impact of sleep restriction with circadian disruption on bone biomarkers. DESIGN Intervention study. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Four bone biomarkers [C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) = bone resorption, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) = bone formation, sclerostin and fibroblast growth factor 23 = osteocyte function] were measured in bihourly serum samples over 24 hours at baseline and after ∼3 weeks of sleep restriction (5.6 hours sleep/24 hours) with concurrent circadian disruption (recurring 28-hour "day" in dim light) in 10 men (age groups: 20 to 27 years, n = 6; 55 to 65 years, n = 4). The effects of sleep/circadian disruption and age on bone biomarker levels were evaluated using maximum likelihood estimation in a mixed model for repeated measures. RESULTS P1NP levels were lower after intervention compared with baseline (P < 0.001); the decrease in P1NP was greater for younger compared with older men (28.0% vs 18.2%, P < 0.001). There was no change in CTX (Δ = 0.03 ± 0.02 ng/mL, P = 0.10). Sclerostin levels were higher postintervention in the younger men only (Δ = 22.9% or 5.64 ± 1.10 pmol/L, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that 3 weeks of circadian disruption with concurrent sleep restriction can lead to an uncoupling of bone turnover wherein bone formation is decreased but bone resorption is unchanged. Circadian disruption and sleep restriction may be most detrimental to bone in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Swanson
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Steven A. Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Sleep Health Institute, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Pamela Wolfe
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Sean W. Cain
- Sleep Health Institute, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mirjam Munch
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Institute of Physiology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Vujović
- Sleep Health Institute, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Charles A. Czeisler
- Sleep Health Institute, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Orfeu M. Buxton
- Sleep Health Institute, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Eric S. Orwoll
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize recent developments linking disturbances of sleep and circadian rhythms to an increased risk for obesity, and to review novel research on potential countermeasures. RECENT FINDINGS Effective treatments for obesity are limited, with long-term adherence to lifestyle changes proving difficult to maintain. Identifying new preventive strategies based on modifiable risk factors is therefore imperative in the fight against obesity. Disturbances of sleep and circadian rhythms have an adverse impact on food choices, hunger and appetite, and have lifelong deleterious metabolic consequences when they occur during childhood and early adulthood. The upregulation of the endocannabinoid system and abnormalities in the temporal distribution of caloric intake were recently implicated in the link between sleep loss and obesity risk. In addition, alterations in circadian variation in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome have been identified as potential contributors to metabolic dysfunction during jet lag and shift work. Insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment are thus new modifiable risk factors for obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that novel countermeasures, such as manipulations of the timing of food intake, may be effective strategies in the prevention of obesity. SUMMARY Four important findings are briefly reviewed: disturbances of sleep and circadian rhythms in children and young adults are risk factors for the development of lifelong obesity; circadian misalignment, as occurs in shift work, has an adverse impact on energy balance and increases the risk of weight gain; the endocannabinoid system, an important regulator of hedonic feeding, could be a potential link between sleep, circadian rhythms, and feeding behavior; and disturbances of the circadian variation in composition of the gut microbiome may be involved in the increased risk of obesity associated with insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane L. Broussard
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL
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Abstract
Clients report more pain at some times of day than at others due, in part, to the temporal variation of the body's inhibitory pain response. The analgesic effectiveness of morphine varies with the time of day, perhaps due to the inhibiting or enhancing effects of the drug on plasma beta-endorphin (BE). This experiment was designed to examine the timed effects of morphine on the pain-induced BE response. Six groups of treatment mice (injected with morphine sulfate) and 6 groups of control mice (injected with saline) were exposed to an acute pain stimulus at 4-h intervals, and blood was collected. Plasma BE was analyzed using radioimmunoassay. Control mice showed a robust cir-cadian BE-response rhythm with a peak at 0000 and a nadir at 1200, whereas the BE response of mice that received morphine was arrhythmic. Animals that received morphine tolerated the noxious stimulus longer, but the analgesia varied with time of day. These results indicate that morphine abolishes the rhythmic BE response to pain and does not inhibit pain equally at all times of day. Morphine doses should be titrated to maximize the endogenous pain control system while achieving analgesia with decreased dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ann Rasmussen
- College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985330 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5330, USA.
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He L, Hamm JA, Reddy A, Sams D, Peliciari-Garcia RA, McGinnis GR, Bailey SM, Chow CW, Rowe GC, Chatham JC, Young ME. Biotinylation: a novel posttranslational modification linking cell autonomous circadian clocks with metabolism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1520-32. [PMID: 27084392 PMCID: PMC4935513 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00959.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are critical modulators of metabolism. However, mechanistic links between cell autonomous clocks and metabolic processes remain largely unknown. Here, we report that expression of the biotin transporter slc5a6 gene is decreased in hearts of two distinct genetic mouse models of cardiomyocyte-specific circadian clock disruption [i.e., cardiomyocyte-specific CLOCK mutant (CCM) and cardiomyocyte-specific BMAL1 knockout (CBK) mice]. Biotinylation is an obligate posttranslational modification for five mammalian carboxylases: acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACCα), ACCβ, pyruvate carboxylase (PC), methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC), and propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). We therefore hypothesized that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock impacts metabolism through biotinylation. Consistent with decreased slc5a6 expression, biotinylation of all carboxylases is significantly decreased (10-46%) in CCM and CBK hearts. In association with decreased biotinylated ACC, oleate oxidation rates are increased in both CCM and CBK hearts. Consistent with decreased biotinylated MCC, leucine oxidation rates are significantly decreased in both CCM and CBK hearts, whereas rates of protein synthesis are increased. Importantly, feeding CBK mice with a biotin-enriched diet for 6 wk normalized myocardial 1) ACC biotinylation and oleate oxidation rates; 2) PCC/MCC biotinylation (and partially restored leucine oxidation rates); and 3) net protein synthesis rates. Furthermore, data suggest that the RRAGD/mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling axis is chronically activated in CBK and CCM hearts. Finally we report that the hepatocyte circadian clock also regulates both slc5a6 expression and protein biotinylation in the liver. Collectively, these findings suggest that biotinylation is a novel mechanism by which cell autonomous circadian clocks influence metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan He
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - J Austin Hamm
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Alex Reddy
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David Sams
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Graham R McGinnis
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shannon M Bailey
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Chi-Wing Chow
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Glenn C Rowe
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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Pijut SS, Corbett DE, Wang Y, Li J, Charnigo RJ, Graf GA. Effect of peripheral circadian dysfunction on metabolic disease in response to a diabetogenic diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E900-11. [PMID: 27048996 PMCID: PMC4935143 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00328.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BMAL1 is a core component of the transcription/translation machinery that regulates central and peripheral circadian rhythms that coordinate behavior and metabolism, respectively. Our objective was to determine the impact of BMAL1 in adipose alone or in combination with liver on metabolic phenotypes. Control, adipose-Bmal1 knockout (ABKO), and liver- and adipose-Bmal1 knockout (LABKO) female mice were placed in TSE System metabolic chambers for metabolic phenotyping. A second cohort of male mice was fed a control or diabetogenic diet, and body weight and composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and serum and hepatic lipids were measured. Both female ABKO and LABKO mice exhibited increased food consumption compared with control mice. ABKO mice also exhibited increased overall activity predominantly during the light phase compared with both control and LABKO mice and were protected from increased weight gain. When the male cohort was challenged with a diabetogenic diet, LABKO mice had increased body weight due to increased fat mass compared with control and ABKO mice. However, these mice did not present further impairments in glycemic control, adipose inflammation, or liver injury. LABKO mice had increased hepatic cholesterol and elevated expression of cholesterol synthesis and uptake genes. Our data indicate that deletion of this allele in adipose or in combination with liver alters feeding behavior and locomotor activity. However, obesity is exacerbated only with the combination of liver and adipose deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jianing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences
| | | | - Gregory A Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barnstable Brown Kentucky Diabetes and Obesity Center, and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Bukhtiyarov IV, Sivochalova OV, Khoruzhaya OG, Kontorovich EP. [Reproductive health disorders in night shift workers (review of literature)]. Med Tr Prom Ekol 2016:10-14. [PMID: 30351675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The review considers problems of reproductive health disorders in night shift workers. In materials of national and foreign authors, ambiguous opinions are presented on the influence, such as on reproductive sphere malignancies development in shift workers. Data of experimental and clnical laboratory studies are presented, that support reproductive pathologies connected with night shift work. The authors tackle a problem on role of epiphysis and circadian rhythms, that influence physiologic biologic rhythms.
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Panchenko AV, Gubareva EA, Anisimov VN. [Role of circadian rhythms and cellular clock in aging-related diseases]. Adv Gerontol 2016; 29:417-423. [PMID: 28525688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Almost all the functions of a living organism have circadian oscillations. Disturbance of circadian rhythms can be either a reason or a consequence of a number of diseases. The article describes data on relationship of circadian rhythm and clock genes disturbances with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease development in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Panchenko
- N. N. Petrov Research Institute of oncology, Pesochny, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation;
- V. A. Almazov North-Western Federal medical research center, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - E A Gubareva
- N. N. Petrov Research Institute of oncology, Pesochny, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation;
| | - V N Anisimov
- N. N. Petrov Research Institute of oncology, Pesochny, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation;
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Abstract
Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder are often accompanied by metabolic dysfunction symptoms, including obesity and diabetes. Since the circadian system controls important brain systems that regulate affective, cognitive, and metabolic functions, and neuropsychiatric and metabolic diseases are often correlated with disturbances of circadian rhythms, we hypothesize that dysregulation of circadian clocks plays a central role in metabolic comorbidity in psychiatric disorders. In this review paper, we highlight the role of circadian clocks in glucocorticoid, dopamine, and orexin/melanin-concentrating hormone systems and describe how a dysfunction of these clocks may contribute to the simultaneous development of psychiatric and metabolic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Barandas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- VA San Diego Healthcare System Psychiatry Service, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC-0603, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0603, USA
| | - Dominic Landgraf
- VA San Diego Healthcare System Psychiatry Service, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC-0603, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0603, USA.
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- VA San Diego Healthcare System Psychiatry Service, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC-0603, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0603, USA
| | - David K Welsh
- VA San Diego Healthcare System Psychiatry Service, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC-0603, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0603, USA
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Qian J, Yeh B, Rakshit K, Colwell CS, Matveyenko AV. Circadian Disruption and Diet-Induced Obesity Synergize to Promote Development of β-Cell Failure and Diabetes in Male Rats. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4426-36. [PMID: 26348474 PMCID: PMC4655211 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There are clear epidemiological associations between circadian disruption, obesity, and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms driving these associations are unclear. In the current study, we hypothesized that continuous exposure to constant light (LL) compromises pancreatic β-cell functional and morphological adaption to diet-induced obesity leading to development of type 2 diabetes. To address this hypothesis, we studied wild type Sprague Dawley as well as Period-1 luciferase reporter transgenic rats (Per1-Luc) for 10 weeks under standard light-dark cycle (LD) or LL with concomitant ad libitum access to either standard chow or 60% high-fat diet (HFD). Exposure to HFD led to a comparable increase in food intake, body weight, and adiposity in both LD- and LL-treated rats. However, LL rats displayed profound loss of behavioral circadian rhythms as well as disrupted pancreatic islet clock function characterized by the impairment in the amplitude and the phase islet clock oscillations. Under LD cycle, HFD did not adversely alter diurnal glycemia, diurnal insulinemia, β-cell secretory function as well as β-cell survival, indicating successful adaptation to increased metabolic demand. In contrast, concomitant exposure to LL and HFD resulted in development of hyperglycemia characterized by loss of diurnal changes in insulin secretion, compromised β-cell function, and induction of β-cell apoptosis. This study suggests that circadian disruption and diet-induced obesity synergize to promote development of β-cell failure, likely mediated as a consequence of impaired islet clock function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (K.R., A.V.M.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and Department of Medicine (B.Y., A.V.M.) and Laboratory for Circadian and Sleep Medicine (J.Q., C.S.C.), Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Bonnie Yeh
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (K.R., A.V.M.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and Department of Medicine (B.Y., A.V.M.) and Laboratory for Circadian and Sleep Medicine (J.Q., C.S.C.), Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (K.R., A.V.M.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and Department of Medicine (B.Y., A.V.M.) and Laboratory for Circadian and Sleep Medicine (J.Q., C.S.C.), Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (K.R., A.V.M.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and Department of Medicine (B.Y., A.V.M.) and Laboratory for Circadian and Sleep Medicine (J.Q., C.S.C.), Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (K.R., A.V.M.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and Department of Medicine (B.Y., A.V.M.) and Laboratory for Circadian and Sleep Medicine (J.Q., C.S.C.), Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Kusunose N, Matsunaga N, Kimoto K, Akamine T, Hamamura K, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S, Kubota T. Mitomycin C modulates the circadian oscillation of clock gene period 2 expression through attenuating the glucocorticoid signaling in mouse fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:157-63. [PMID: 26403971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clock gene regulates the circadian rhythm of various physiological functions. The expression of clock gene has been shown to be attenuated by certain drugs, resulting in a rhythm disorder. Mitomycin C (MMC) is often used in combination with ophthalmic surgery, especially in trabeculectomy, a glaucoma surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of MMC on clock gene expression in fibroblasts, the target cells of MMC. Following MMC treatment, Bmal1 mRNA levels was significantly decreased, whereas Dbp, Per1, and Rev-erbα mRNA levels were significantly increased in the mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 cells. Microarray analysis was performed to explore of the gene(s) responsible for MMC-induced alteration of clock gene expression, and identified Nr3c1 gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a candidate. MMC suppressed the induction of Per1 mRNA by dexamethasone (DEX), ligand of GR, in NIH3T3 cells. MMC also modulated the DEX-driven circadian oscillations of Per2::Luciferase bioluminescence in mouse-derived ocular fibroblasts. Our results demonstrate a previously unknown effect of MMC in GR signaling and the circadian clock system. The present findings suggest that MMC combined with trabeculectomy could increase the risk for a local circadian rhythm-disorder at the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kusunose
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takahiro Akamine
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kengo Hamamura
- Drug Innovation Research Center, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- B Thorens
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Accili
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - B Ahrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Cerasi
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology & Metabolism Service, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - C Boitard
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Abstract
Circadian rhythmicity is an important component of physiological processes which provides them with a 24-hour temporal organization and adjustment to cyclical changes in the environment. Circadian rhythms are controlled by a network of endogenous clocks, comprising the main clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and many secondary clocks in the brain and peripheral tissues. All aspects of energy metabolism, from food intake to intracellular signaling pathways, are strongly influenced by circadian rhythmicity. In turn, meal timing is an efficient synchronizer (time-giver) to set the phase of the peripheral clocks, while the suprachiasmatic clock is synchronized by ambient light. In certain nutritional conditions (i.e., low- or high-calory diets), metabolic factors remaining to be identified modulate the functioning of the suprachiasmatic clock. Animal models of obesity and diabetes show circadian alterations. Conversely, when circadian rhythmicity is disturbed, either due to genetically defective circadian clocks, or to circadian desynchronization (chronic light exposure or repeated meals at odd times of the cycle), lipid and glucose metabolism is deregulated. The metabolic impact of circadian desynchronization justifies the development of preventive or therapeutic strategies that could rely, among others, on dietary interventions combining timed meals and specific composition.
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Leproult R, Holmbäck U, Van Cauter E. Circadian misalignment augments markers of insulin resistance and inflammation, independently of sleep loss. Diabetes 2014; 63:1860-9. [PMID: 24458353 PMCID: PMC4030107 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Shift workers, who are exposed to irregular sleep schedules resulting in sleep deprivation and misalignment of circadian rhythms, have an increased risk of diabetes relative to day workers. In healthy adults, sleep restriction without circadian misalignment promotes insulin resistance. To determine whether the misalignment of circadian rhythms that typically occurs in shift work involves intrinsic adverse metabolic effects independently of sleep loss, a parallel group design was used to study 26 healthy adults. Both interventions involved 3 inpatient days with 10-h bedtimes, followed by 8 inpatient days of sleep restriction to 5 h with fixed nocturnal bedtimes (circadian alignment) or with bedtimes delayed by 8.5 h on 4 of the 8 days (circadian misalignment). Daily total sleep time (SD) during the intervention was nearly identical in the aligned and misaligned conditions (4 h 48 min [5 min] vs. 4 h 45 min [6 min]). In both groups, insulin sensitivity (SI) significantly decreased after sleep restriction, without a compensatory increase in insulin secretion, and inflammation increased. In male participants exposed to circadian misalignment, the reduction in SI and the increase in inflammation both doubled compared with those who maintained regular nocturnal bedtimes. Circadian misalignment that occurs in shift work may increase diabetes risk and inflammation, independently of sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Leproult
- Sleep Metabolism and Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, ILNeuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at the Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and the Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ulf Holmbäck
- Sleep Metabolism and Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, ILDepartment of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Sleep Metabolism and Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Colwell
- Laboratory for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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Saderi N, Escobar C, Salgado-Delgado R. [Alteration of biological rhythms causes metabolic diseases and obesity]. Rev Neurol 2013; 57:71-78. [PMID: 23836337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity worldwide has become a serious, constantly growing public health issue that reaches alarming proportions in some countries. To date none of the strategies developed to combat obesity have proved to be decisive, and hence there is an urgent need to address the problem with new approaches. Today, studies in the field of chronobiology have shown that our physiology continually adapts itself to the cyclical changes in the environment, regard-less of whether they are daily or seasonal. This is possible thanks to the existence of a biological clock in our hypothalamus which regulates the expression and/or activity of enzymes and hormones involved in regulating our metabolism, as well as all the homeostatic functions. It has been observed that this clock can be upset as a result of today's modern lifestyle, which involves a drop in physical activity during the day and the abundant ingestion of food during the night, among other factors, which together promote metabolic syndrome and obesity. Hence, the aim of this review is to summarise the recent findings that show the effect that altering the circadian rhythms has on the metabolism and how this can play a part in the development of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Saderi
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis de Potosi, Mexico
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Bhutta HY, Deelman TE, Ashley SW, Rhoads DB, Tavakkoli A. Disrupted circadian rhythmicity of the intestinal glucose transporter SGLT1 in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:1537-45. [PMID: 23633155 PMCID: PMC3691300 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal absorptive capacity shows a circadian rhythm synchronized with eating patterns. Disrupting these coordinated rhythms, e.g., with shift work, may contribute to metabolic disease. Circadian expression of nutrient transporters has not been studied in metabolic disease. We studied the circadian rhythm of intestinal transporter sodium glucose co-transporter type 1 (SGLT1) in an obese diabetic rat. METHODS We compared obese Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats to lean ZDF littermates. Temporal feeding patterns were assessed, then rats were harvested at Zeitgeber (ZT, ZT0 = 7:00 a.m.) 3, 9, or 15 to measure insulin resistance, SGLT1 expression and intestinal glucose absorption capacity. Regulators of SGLT1 (sweet taste receptor T1R2/3; clock genes) were measured to elucidate underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Both groups exhibited altered circadian food intake. Obese ZDF rats lost circadian rhythmicity of SGLT1 mRNA expression and functional activity. Lean ZDF rats maintained rhythmicity of SGLT1 mRNA expression but that of functional glucose absorption was blunted. Circadian rhythms of intestinal clock genes were maintained in both groups. Neither group had discernible rhythms of intestinal GLUT2 (glucose transporter) or T1R2 (sweet taste receptor component) mRNA expression. In summary, lean and obese ZDF rats exhibited similar disruptions in circadian feeding. Glucose intolerance was evident in lean rats, but only obese rats further developed diabetes and exhibited disrupted circadian rhythmicity of both SGLT1 mRNA expression and function. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that disrupted circadian feeding rhythms contribute to glucose intolerance, but additional factors (genetics, changes in nutrient sensing/transport) are needed to lead to full diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Y. Bhutta
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, UK SW7 2AZ
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tara E. Deelman
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Stanley W. Ashley
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David B. Rhoads
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Mass General Hospital for Children, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ali Tavakkoli
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortisol plays a multifaceted role in major depression disorder (MDD). Diurnal rhythms are disturbed, there is increased resistance to the feedback action of glucocorticoids, excess cortisol may induce MDD, basal levels may be higher and the post-awakening cortisol surge accentuated in those at risk for MDD. Does this suggest new avenues for studying MDD or its clinical management? METHOD The relevant literature was reviewed. RESULTS Cortisol contributes to genetic variants for the risk for MDD and the way that environmental events amplify risk. The corticoids' influence begins prenatally, but continues into adulthood. The impact of cortisol at each phase depends not only on its interaction with other factors, such as psychological traits and genetic variants, but also on events that have, or have not, occurred previously. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that the time is now right for serious consideration of the role of cortisol in a clinical context. Estimates of cortisol levels and the shape of the diurnal rhythm might well guide the understanding of subtypes of MDD and yield additional indicators for optimal treatment. Patients with disturbed cortisol rhythms might benefit from restitution of those rhythms; they may be distinct from those with more generally elevated levels, who might benefit from cortisol blockade. Higher levels of cortisol are a risk for subsequent depression. Should manipulation of cortisol or its receptors be considered as a preventive measure for some of those at very high risk of future MDD, or to reduce other cortisol-related consequences such as long-term cognitive decline?
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Affiliation(s)
- J Herbert
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK.
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MESH Headings
- Adiposity/genetics
- Animals
- Biological Clocks/genetics
- Biological Clocks/physiology
- Chronobiology Disorders/genetics
- Chronobiology Disorders/metabolism
- Chronobiology Disorders/physiopathology
- Circadian Rhythm
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Energy Intake
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Energy Metabolism/physiology
- Enzyme Induction
- Humans
- Hyperglycemia/etiology
- Hyperglycemia/physiopathology
- Lipid Metabolism/physiology
- Lipoprotein Lipase/deficiency
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/deficiency
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/physiology
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/physiology
- Repressor Proteins/physiology
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Fukuda
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
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Aziz NA, Pijl H, Frölich M, Schröder-van der Elst JP, van der Bent C, Roelfsema F, Roos RAC. Delayed onset of the diurnal melatonin rise in patients with Huntington's disease. J Neurol 2012; 256:1961-5. [PMID: 19562249 PMCID: PMC2780627 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are very prevalent in Huntington’s disease (HD) patients and can substantially impair their quality of life. Accumulating evidence suggests considerable dysfunction of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the biological clock, in both HD patients and transgenic mouse models of the disease. As melatonin has a major role in the regulation of sleep and other cyclical bodily activities and its synthesis is directly regulated by the SCN, we postulated that disturbed SCN function is likely to give rise to abnormal melatonin secretion in HD. Therefore, we compared 24 h melatonin secretion profiles between early stage HD patients and age-, sex- and body mass index-matched controls. Although mean diurnal melatonin levels were not different between the two groups (p = 0.691), the timing of the evening rise in melatonin levels was significantly delayed by more than 01:30 h in HD patients (p = 0.048). Moreover, diurnal melatonin levels strongly correlated with both motor (r = −0.70, p = 0.036) and functional impairment (r = +0.78, p = 0.013). These findings suggest a delayed sleep phase syndrome-like circadian rhythm disorder in early stage HD patients and suggest that melatonin levels may progressively decline with advancing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ahmad Aziz
- Department of Neurology, K-05-Q 110, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Rapoport SI. [Chronomedicine, circadian rhythms. Who may be interested?]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2012; 90:73-75. [PMID: 23101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms occur with a periodicity of approximately 24h and regulate a wide array of metabolic and physiologic functions. Accumulating epidemiological and genetic evidence indicates that disruption of circadian rhythms can be directly linked to many pathological conditions, including sleep disorders, depression, metabolic syndrome and cancer. Intriguingly, several molecular gears constituting the clock machinery have been found to establish functional interplays with regulators of cellular metabolism. Although the circadian clock regulates multiple metabolic pathways, metabolite availability and feeding behavior can in turn regulate the circadian clock. An in-depth understanding of this reciprocal regulation of circadian rhythms and cellular metabolism may provide insights into the development of therapeutic intervention against specific metabolic disorders.
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Trofimova SV, Gorbunov AV, Proniaeva VE, D'iakonov MM. [The role of melatonin in progress of pathology of a retina in patients of senior age group]. Adv Gerontol 2012; 25:239-243. [PMID: 23130513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Epiphysis cerebri and its hormone melatonin play a leading role in aging. Melatonin affects many biochemical processes in a human body. The authors assume that there is a correlation between the level of melatonin and development of macular degeneration by age.
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Ermachenkov MN, Guliaev AV, Arutiunian AV, Miliutina IP, Anisimov VN. [Age-related changes of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion in stomach and colorectal cancer patients]. Adv Gerontol 2012; 25:244-249. [PMID: 23130514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) excretion has been studied in stomach cancer (n = 89) and colorectal cancer (n = 86) patients. The excretion of aMT6s was decreased in cancer patients. The disturbances of the circadian rhythm of aMT6s excretion have been observed in the cancer patients as well. These changes were directly proportional to the extent of cancer process and to the extent of lymphogenic metastasis.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States and the world. A profound pattern exists in the time of day at which the death occurs; it is in the morning, when the endothelium is most vulnerable and blood pressure surges, that stroke and heart attack most frequently happen. Although the molecular components of circadian rhythms rhythmically oscillate in blood vessels, evidence of a direct function for the "circadian clock" in the progression to vascular disease is lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we found increased pathological remodeling and vascular injury in mice with aberrant circadian rhythms, Bmal1-knockout and Clock mutant. In addition, naive aortas from Bmal1-knockout and Clock mutant mice exhibit endothelial dysfunction. Akt and subsequent nitric oxide signaling, a pathway critical to vascular function, was significantly attenuated in arteries from Bmal1-knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal a new role for the circadian clock during chronic vascular responses that may be of significance in the progression of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian B. Anea
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (C.B.A., M.Z., G.B.S., D.J.F., R.D.R.); Department of Physiology (D.W.S.); Vascular Biology Center (D.W.S., D.J.F.); and the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (G.R.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Maoxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (C.B.A., M.Z., G.B.S., D.J.F., R.D.R.); Department of Physiology (D.W.S.); Vascular Biology Center (D.W.S., D.J.F.); and the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (G.R.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - David W. Stepp
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (C.B.A., M.Z., G.B.S., D.J.F., R.D.R.); Department of Physiology (D.W.S.); Vascular Biology Center (D.W.S., D.J.F.); and the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (G.R.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - G. Bryan Simkins
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (C.B.A., M.Z., G.B.S., D.J.F., R.D.R.); Department of Physiology (D.W.S.); Vascular Biology Center (D.W.S., D.J.F.); and the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (G.R.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Guy Reed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (C.B.A., M.Z., G.B.S., D.J.F., R.D.R.); Department of Physiology (D.W.S.); Vascular Biology Center (D.W.S., D.J.F.); and the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (G.R.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - David J. Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (C.B.A., M.Z., G.B.S., D.J.F., R.D.R.); Department of Physiology (D.W.S.); Vascular Biology Center (D.W.S., D.J.F.); and the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (G.R.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - R. Daniel Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (C.B.A., M.Z., G.B.S., D.J.F., R.D.R.); Department of Physiology (D.W.S.); Vascular Biology Center (D.W.S., D.J.F.); and the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (G.R.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
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Kok P, Roelfsema F, Frölich M, van Pelt J, Meinders AE, Pijl H. Short-term treatment with bromocriptine improves impaired circadian growth hormone secretion in obese premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:3455-61. [PMID: 18559918 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A profound reduction of spontaneous as well as stimulated GH secretion has been consistently observed in obesity. Dopamine promotes GH release through activation of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). Dopamine D2R availability in the brain is reduced in obese humans in proportion to body adiposity. We hypothesized that impaired dopamine D2R signaling is mechanistically involved in the deficient GH secretion associated with obesity. OBJECTIVE To test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of short-term bromocriptine (B) (a D2R agonist) treatment on spontaneous 24-h GH secretion in obese women, while body weight and caloric intake remained constant. DESIGN This was a prospective, fixed order, cross-over study. SETTING The study was performed in the Clinical Research Center at Leiden University Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS There were 18 healthy obese women (body mass index 33.2 +/- 0.6 kg/m2) studied twice in the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. INTERVENTION(S) Eight days of treatment with B and placebo (Pl) was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Blood was collected during 24 h at 10-min intervals for determination of GH concentrations. GH secretion parameters were calculated using deconvolution analysis. RESULTS Short-term treatment with B significantly enhanced diurnal GH secretion (Pl 121.4 +/- 16.4 vs. B 155.4 +/- 15.2 microg/liter(volume of distribution).24 h; P = 0.01), whereas IGF-I concentrations remained constant (Pl 22.4 +/- 2.4 vs. B 21.8 +/- 1.6 nmol/liter; P = 0.928). CONCLUSIONS Activation of dopamine D2Rs by B favorably affects impaired nyctohemeral GH secretion in obese women. Reduced dopaminergic neuronal signaling might be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity associated hyposomatotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kok
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Progress in unravelling the cellular and molecular basis of mammalian circadian regulation over the past decade has provided us with new avenues through which we can explore central nervous system disease. Deteriorations in measurable circadian output parameters, such as sleep/wake deficits and dysregulation of circulating hormone levels, are common features of most central nervous system disorders. At the core of the mammalian circadian system is a complex of molecular oscillations within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. These oscillations are modifiable by afferent signals from the environment, and integrated signals are subsequently conveyed to remote central neural circuits where specific output rhythms are regulated. Mutations in circadian genes in mice can disturb both molecular oscillations and measurable output rhythms. Moreover, systematic analysis of these mutants indicates that they can express an array of abnormal behavioural phenotypes that are intermediate signatures of central nervous system disorders. Furthermore, the response of these mutants to psychoactive drugs suggests that clock genes can modify a number of the brain's critical neurotransmitter systems. This evidence has led to promising investigations into clock gene polymorphisms in psychiatric disease. Preliminary indications favour the systematic investigation of the contribution of circadian genes to central nervous system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alun R. Barnard
- Neurobehavioural Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M. Nolan
- Neurobehavioural Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Handa RJ, Zoeller RT, McGivern RF. Changes in vasoactive intestinal peptide and arginine vasopressin expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat brain following footshock stress. Neurosci Lett 2007; 425:99-104. [PMID: 17826907 PMCID: PMC2048536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptides, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are synthesized by neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and are important regulators of SCN function. Previous studies have demonstrated that acute exposure to stressors can disrupt circadian activity rhythms, suggesting the possibility of stress-related alterations in the expression of these neuropeptides within SCN neurons. In this study, we examined the effect of intermittent footshock stress on AVP mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) and VIP mRNA expression in neurons of the SCN. Young adult male Sprague/Dawley rats were subjected to 15 s of scrambled intermittent footshock (0.50 mA pulses, 1 pulse/s, 300 ms duration) every 5 min for 30 min. Animals were sacrificed 75 or 135 min after the onset of stress and brains examined for AVP mRNA and hnRNA, and VIP mRNA using in situ hybridization. Footshock stress increased AVP hnRNA levels at the 75 min time point whereas AVP mRNA was elevated at both the 75 and 135 min time points. In contrast, footshock stress decreased the number of cells expressing VIP mRNA in the SCN without changing hybridization level per cell. These data indicate that the disruptive effect of stress on activity rhythms correlate with alterations in the expression of regulatory peptides within the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Handa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences/Neuroscience Division, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Abstract
Dysfunction in menstrual physiology has pronounced effects on quality of life, involving mood changes, body image, infertility, and pregnancy complications. Light exposure may affect menstrual cycles and symptoms through the influence of melatonin secretion. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the current state of knowledge about the effects of light and melatonin secretion on menstrual phase and cycle alterations. A brief overview of the influence of melatonin on human physiology is included. There is evidence of a relationship between light exposure and melatonin secretion and irregular menstrual cycles, menstrual cycle symptoms, and disordered ovarian function. In women with a psychopathology such as bipolar disorder or an endocrinopathy such as polycystic ovary syndrome, there seems to be greater vulnerability to the influence of light-dark exposure. Research on the complex role of light-dark exposure in menstrual physiology has implications for treatment of menstrual-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lee Barron
- Saint Louis University School of Nursing, 3525 Caroline Mall, St. Louis, MO 63104 [corrected] USA.
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Centini C, Pompeiano O. Sleep research in space: expression of immediate early genes in forebrain structures of rats during the nasa neurolab mission (STS-90). Arch Ital Biol 2007; 145:117-50. [PMID: 17639784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
1. Electrophysiological and behavioural observations have shown that changes in the sleep-waking activity occur in astronauts during the space flight. Experiments performed in ground-based experiments have previously shown that the immediate early gene (IEG) c-fos, a marker of neuronal activation, can be used as a molecular correlate of sleep and waking. However, while Fos expression peaks within 2-4 hours after the stimulus and returns to baseline within 6-8 hours, other IEGs as the FRA proteins which are also synthetized soon after their induction, persist in the cell nuclei for longer periods of time, ranging from 1-2 days to weeks. 2. Both Fos and FRA expression were evaluated in several adult albino rats sacrificed at different time points of the space flight, i.e. either at FD2 and FD14, i.e. at launch and about two weeks after launch, respectively, or at R + 1 and R + 13, i.e. at the reentry and about two weeks after landing. The changes in Fos and FRA expression were then compared with those obtained in ground controls. These experiments demonstrate activation of several brain areas which varies during the different phases of the space flight. Due to their different time of persistence, Fos and FRA immunohistochemistry can provide only correlative observations. In particular, FRA expression has been quite helpful to identify the occurrence of short-lasting events such as those related either to stress or to REM-sleep, whose episodes last in the rat only a few min and could hardly be detected by using only Fos expression. 3. Evidence was presented indicating that at FD2 and FD14 Fos-labeled cells were observed in several brain areas in which Fos had been previously identified as being induced by spontaneous or forced waking in ground-based experiments. In contrast to these findings FLT rats sacrificed at R + 1 showed low levels of Fos immunostaining in the cerebral cortex (neocortex) and several forebrain structures such as the hypothalamus and thalamus. Some Fos staining was also present in limbic cortical areas, the septum, and the hippocampus. The main area of the forebrain of FLT rats sacrificed at R + 1, showing an increased expression of Fos, was the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) (cf. 127), as well as the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) nucleus (cf. 122). At R + 13 Fos immunostaining was variable among FLT rats. However, none of these rats showed a significant number of Fos-positive cells in CeA. 4. Most of the rats studied for Fos expression were also tested for FRA expression. In particular, a scattered amount of FRA expression occurred at FD14 in different areas of the neocortex and in limbic forebrain regions (such as the cingulate, retrosplenial and entorhinal cortex). It included also the hippocampus, the lateral septum, the caudate/putamen, as well as some hypothalamic regions. At the reentry (R + 1) it was previously shown that a prominent increase in FRA expression occurred in the LC of FLT rats (cf. 122). This finding was associated with an increase in FRA expression which affected not only the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis of the medulla, which sends excitatory glutamatergic afferents to the LC (cf. 31 for ref.), but also structures which are known to produce corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a neuropeptide which activates the noradrenergic LC neurons during stress. 5. These findings which result from acceleration stress were followed by REMS episodes, which probably occurred after a long period of sleep deprivation following exposure to microgravity. It was previously shown that an increase in Fos and FRA expression occurred at the reentry in some pontine and medullary reticular structures (cf. 128), which are likely to be involved in both the descending (postural atonia) and the ascending manifestations of PS. These findings can be integrated by results of the present experiments showing that at the reentry high levels of FRA expression occurred in the hippocampus and the limbic system, i.e. in structures which are involved in the generalized pattern of EEG desynchronization and the theta activity, typical of REMS (cf. 83, 84). A prominent increase in FRA expression also affected at the reentry some components of the amygdaloid complex, particularly the CeA. as well as some related structures, such as the lateral parabrachial nucleus (cf. 122) and the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (cf. 127). These structures are known to contribute to the PGO waves, which drive the oculomotor system either directly or through the medial vestibular nuclei (128, cf. also 126). Unfortunately due to our brainstem transections we were unable to evaluate the changes in gene expression which could affect the dorsolateral pontine structures during the occurrence of REMS episodes. Further experiments are thus required to investigate the role that these pontine structures exert in determining adaptive changes following exposure to microgravity after launch as well as readaptation to the terrestrial environment after landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Centini
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 1-56127, Pisa, Italy
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