1
|
Bai YL, Zhang CC, Rong F, Guo ZX, Wang KX. Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304157. [PMID: 38270279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The environmental impact from the waste disposal has been widely concerned around the world. The conversion of wastes to useful resources is important for the sustainable society. As a typical family of wastes, biomass materials basically composed of collagen, protein and lignin are considered as useful resources for recycle and reuse. In recent years, the development of carbon material derived from biomasses, such as plants, crops, animals and their application in electrochemical energy storage have attracted extensive attention. Through the selection of the appropriate biomass, the optimization of the activation method and the control of the pyrolysis temperatures, carbon materials with desired features, such as high-specific surface area, variable porous framework, and controllable heteroatom-doping have been fabricated. Herein, this review summarized the preparation methods, morphologies, heteroatoms doping in the plant/animal-derived carbonaceous materials, and their application as electrode materials for secondary batteries and supercapacitors, and as electrode support for lithium-sulfur batteries. The challenges and prospects for the controllable synthesis and large-scale application of biomass-derived carbonaceous materials have also been outlooked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Bai
- College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Street Yingze, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Chen Zhang
- College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Street Yingze, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Feng Rong
- College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Street Yingze, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Xia Guo
- College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Street Yingze, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Xue Wang
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manck LE, Coale TH, Stephens BM, Forsch KO, Aluwihare LI, Dupont CL, Allen AE, Barbeau KA. Iron limitation of heterotrophic bacteria in the California current system tracks relative availability of organic carbon and iron. ISME J 2024:wrae061. [PMID: 38624181 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for all microorganisms in the marine environment. Iron limitation of primary production has been well documented across a significant portion of the global surface ocean, but much less is known regarding the potential for iron limitation of the marine heterotrophic microbial community. In this work, we characterize the transcriptomic response of the heterotrophic bacterial community to iron additions in the California Current System, an eastern boundary upwelling system, to detect in situ iron stress of heterotrophic bacteria. Changes in gene expression in response to iron availability by heterotrophic bacteria were detected under conditions of high productivity when carbon limitation was relieved but when iron availability remained low. The ratio of particulate organic carbon to dissolved iron emerged as a biogeochemical proxy for iron limitation of heterotrophic bacteria in this system. Iron stress was characterized by high expression levels of iron transport pathways and decreased expression of iron-containing enzymes involved in carbon metabolism, where a majority of the heterotrophic bacterial iron requirement resides. Expression of iron stress biomarkers, as identified in the iron-addition experiments, was also detected in situ. These results suggest iron availability will impact the processing of organic matter by heterotrophic bacteria with potential consequences for the marine biological carbon pump.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Manck
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT, United States
| | - Tyler H Coale
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Brandon M Stephens
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kiefer O Forsch
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lihini I Aluwihare
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher L Dupont
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Human Health, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Synthetic Biology, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew E Allen
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Katherine A Barbeau
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shabi AH, Prima Hardianto Y, Shaheen Shah S, Omar Al-Qwairi F, Mohamed MM, Nasiruzzaman Shaikh M, Saeed Alzahrani A, Aziz MA. Advancements in Olive-derived Carbon: Preparation Methods and Sustainable Applications. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400045. [PMID: 38375590 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of material science, carbon materials, especially olive-derived carbon (ODC), have become vital due to their sustainability and diverse properties. This review examines the sustainable extraction and use of ODC, a carbohydrate-rich by-product of olive biomass. We focus on innovative preparation techniques like pyrolysis, which are crucial forenhancing ODC's microstructure and surface properties. Variables such as activating agents, impregnation ratios, and pyrolysis conditions significantly influence these properties. ODC's high specific surface area renders it invaluable for applications in energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors) and environmental sectors (water purification, hydrogen storage). Its versatility and accessibility underscore its potential for broad industrial use, makingit as a key element in sustainable development. This review provides a detailed analysis of ODC preparation methodologies, its various applications, and its role in advancing sustainable energy solutions. We highlight the novelty of ODC research and its impact on future studies, establishing this review as a crucial resource for researchers and practitioners in sustainable carbon materials. As global focus shifts towards eco-friendly solutions, ODC emerges as a critical component in shaping a sustainable, innovation-driven future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Shabi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technology and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuda Prima Hardianto
- Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5047, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shaheen Shah
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
| | - Fatima Omar Al-Qwairi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technology and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa M Mohamed
- Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5047, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Nasiruzzaman Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technology and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Saeed Alzahrani
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems (IRC-SES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technology and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Isanta-Navarro J, Peoples LM, Bras B, Church MJ, Elser JJ. Elemental and macromolecular plasticity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta) in response to resource limitation and growth rate. J Phycol 2024; 60:418-431. [PMID: 38196398 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
With the ongoing differential disruption of the biogeochemical cycles of major elements that are essential for all life (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), organisms are increasingly faced with a heterogenous supply of these elements in nature. Given that photosynthetic primary producers form the base of aquatic food webs, impacts of changed elemental supply on these organisms are particularly important. One way that phytoplankton cope with the differential availability of nutrients is through physiological changes, resulting in plasticity in macromolecular and elemental biomass composition. Here, we assessed how the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii adjusts its macromolecular (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) and elemental (C, N, and P) biomass pools in response to changes in growth rate and the modification of resources (nutrients and light). We observed that Chlamydomonas exhibits considerable plasticity in elemental composition (e.g., molar ratios ranging from 124 to 971 for C:P, 4.5 to 25.9 for C:N, and 15.1 to 61.2 for N:P) under all tested conditions, pointing to the adaptive potential of Chlamydomonas in a changing environment. Exposure to low light modified the elemental and macromolecular composition of cells differently than limitation by nutrients. These observed differences, with potential consequences for higher trophic levels, included smaller cells, shifts in C:N and C:P ratios (due to proportionally greater N and P contents), and differential allocation of C among macromolecular pools (proportionally more lipids than carbohydrates) with different energetic value. However, substantial pools of N and P remained unaccounted for, especially at fast growth, indicating accumulation of N and P in forms we did not measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Isanta-Navarro
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - Logan M Peoples
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - Benedicta Bras
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - Matthew J Church
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - James J Elser
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Quevarec L, Brasseur G, Aragnol D, Robaglia C. Tracking the early events of photosymbiosis evolution. Trends Plant Sci 2024; 29:406-412. [PMID: 38016867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved in cyanobacteria around 3.2 giga-annum (Ga) ago and was acquired by eukaryotes starting around 1.8 Ga ago by endosymbiosis. Photosymbiosis results either from integration of a photosynthetic bacteria by heterotrophic eukaryotes (primary photosymbiosis) or by successive integration of photosymbiotic eukaryotes by heterotrophic eukaryotes (secondary photosymbiosis). Primary endosymbiosis is thought to have been a rare event, whereas secondary and higher-order photosymbiosis evolved multiple times independently in different taxa. Despite its recurrent evolution, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying photosymbiosis are unknown. In this opinion, we discuss the primary events leading to the establishment of photosymbiosis, and we present recent research suggesting that, in some cases, domestication occurred instead of symbiosis, and how oxygen and host immunity can be involved in symbiont maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Quevarec
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Luminy Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, IMM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13402 Marseille, France
| | - Gaël Brasseur
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, IMM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13402 Marseille, France
| | - Denise Aragnol
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Luminy Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Robaglia
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Luminy Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009 Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eren EO, Esen C, Scoppola E, Song Z, Senokos E, Zschiesche H, Cruz D, Lauermann I, Tarakina NV, Kumru B, Antonietti M, Giusto P. Microporous Sulfur- Carbon Materials with Extended Sodium Storage Window. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2310196. [PMID: 38350734 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Developing high-performance carbonaceous anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is still a grand quest for a more sustainable future of energy storage. Introducing sulfur within a carbon framework is one of the most promising attempts toward the development of highly efficient anode materials. Herein, a microporous sulfur-rich carbon anode obtained from a liquid sulfur-containing oligomer is introduced. The sodium storage mechanism shifts from surface-controlled to diffusion-controlled at higher synthesis temperatures. The different storage mechanisms and electrode performances are found to be independent of the bare electrode material's interplanar spacing. Therefore, these differences are attributed to an increased microporosity and a thiophene-rich chemical environment. The combination of these properties enables extending the plateau region to higher potential and achieving reversible overpotential sodium storage. Moreover, in-operando small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) reveals reversible electron density variations within the pore structure, in good agreement with the pore-filling sodium storage mechanism occurring in hard carbons (HCs). Eventually, the depicted framework will enable the design of high-performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries with competitive energy density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enis Oğuzhan Eren
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cansu Esen
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ernesto Scoppola
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zihan Song
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Evgeny Senokos
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hannes Zschiesche
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Cruz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Iver Lauermann
- PVcomB, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadezda V Tarakina
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Barış Kumru
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Aerospace Structures and Materials Department, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629 HS, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paolo Giusto
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cissell EC, McCoy SJ. Convergent photophysiology and prokaryotic assemblage structure in epilithic cyanobacterial tufts and algal turf communities. J Phycol 2024; 60:343-362. [PMID: 38240472 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
As global change spurs shifts in benthic community composition on coral reefs globally, a better understanding of the defining taxonomic and functional features that differentiate proliferating benthic taxa is needed to predict functional trajectories of reef degradation better. This is especially critical for algal groups, which feature dramatically on changing reefs. Limited attention has been given to characterizing the features that differentiate tufting epilithic cyanobacterial communities from ubiquitous turf algal assemblages. Here, we integrated an in situ assessment of photosynthetic yield with metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to explore photophysiology and prokaryotic assemblage structure within epilithic tufting benthic cyanobacterial communities and epilithic algal turf communities. Significant differences were not detected in the average quantum yield. However, variability in yield was significantly higher in cyanobacterial tufts. Neither prokaryotic assemblage diversity nor structure significantly differed between these functional groups. The sampled cyanobacterial tufts, predominantly built by Okeania sp., were co-dominated by members of the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota, as were turf algal communities. Few detected ASVs were significantly differentially abundant between functional groups and consisted exclusively of taxa belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Assessment of the distribution of recovered cyanobacterial amplicons demonstrated that alongside sample-specific cyanobacterial diversification, the dominant cyanobacterial members were conserved across tufting cyanobacterial and turf algal communities. Overall, these data suggest a convergence in taxonomic identity and mean photosynthetic potential between tufting epilithic cyanobacterial communities and algal turf communities, with numerous implications for consumer-resource dynamics on future reefs and trajectories of reef functional ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C Cissell
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophie J McCoy
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Duan R, Li Z, Fu Y, Shan Y, Yu Y, He G, He H. Combined Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study on the Mechanism of the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH 3 over Metal-Free Carbon-Based Catalysts. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:5598-5605. [PMID: 38466913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Metal-free carbon-based catalysts are attracting much attention in the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR). However, the mechanism of the NH3-SCR reaction on carbon-based catalysts is still controversial, which severely limits the development of carbon-based SCR catalysts. Herein, we successfully reconstructed carbon-based catalysts through oxidation treatment with nitric acid, thereby enhancing their low-temperature activity in NH3-SCR. Combining experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we proposed a previously unreported NH3-SCR reaction mechanism over carbon-based catalysts. We demonstrated that C-OH and C-O-C groups not only effectively activate NH3 but also remarkedly promote the decomposition of intermediate NH2NO. This study enhances the understanding of the NH3-SCR mechanism on carbon-based catalysts and paves the way to develop low-temperature metal-free SCR catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rucheng Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuocan Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong Shan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yunbo Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guangzhi He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saha D, Yu HJ, Wang J, Prateek, Chen X, Tang C, Senger C, Pagaduan JN, Katsumata R, Carter KR, Zhou G, Bai P, Wu N, Watkins JJ. Mesoporous Single Atom-Cluster Fe-N/C Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts Synthesized with Bottlebrush Block Copolymer-Templated Rapid Thermal Annealing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:13729-13744. [PMID: 38457643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Current electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are either expensive (such as IrO2, RuO2) or/and exhibit high overpotential as well as sluggish kinetics. This article reports mesoporous earth-abundant iron (Fe)-nitrogen (N) doped carbon electrocatalysts with iron clusters and closely surrounding Fe-N4 active sites. Unique to this work is that the mechanically stable mesoporous carbon-matrix structure (79 nm in pore size) with well-dispersed nitrogen-coordinated Fe single atom-cluster is synthesized via rapid thermal annealing (RTA) within only minutes using a self-assembled bottlebrush block copolymer (BBCP) melamine-formaldehyde resin composite template. The resulting porous structure and domain size can be tuned with the degree of polymerization of the BBCP backbone, which increases the electrochemically active surface area and improves electron transfer and mass transport for an effective OER process. The optimized electrocatalyst shows a required potential of 1.48 V (versus RHE) to obtain the current density of 10 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH aqueous electrolyte and a small Tafel slope of 55 mV/decade at a given overpotential of 250 mV, which is significantly lower than recently reported earth-abundant electrocatalysts. Importantly, the Fe single-atom nitrogen coordination environment facilitates the surface reconstruction into a highly active oxyhydroxide under OER conditions, as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy, while the atomic clusters boost the single atoms reactive sites to prevent demetalation during the OER process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support that the iron nitrogen environment and reconstructed oxyhydroxides are electrocatalytically active sites as the kinetics barrier is largely reduced. This work has opened a new avenue for simple, rapid synthesis of inexpensive, earth-abundant, tailorable, mechanically stable, mesoporous carbon-coordinated single-atom electrocatalysts that can be used for renewable energy production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Saha
- Conte Center for Polymer Research, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hsin-Jung Yu
- Conte Center for Polymer Research, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Prateek
- Conte Center for Polymer Research, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13850, United States
| | - Chaoyun Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Claire Senger
- Conte Center for Polymer Research, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - James Nicolas Pagaduan
- Conte Center for Polymer Research, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Reika Katsumata
- Conte Center for Polymer Research, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Kenneth R Carter
- Conte Center for Polymer Research, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13850, United States
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - James J Watkins
- Conte Center for Polymer Research, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao G, Chen T, Tang A, Yang H. Roles of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups in Carbon for Electrocatalytic Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Chemistry 2024:e202304065. [PMID: 38487973 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed great research interests in developing high-performance electrocatalysts for the two-electron (2e-) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that enables the sustainable and flexible synthesis of H2O2. Carbon-based electrocatalysts exhibit attractive catalytic performance for the 2e- ORR, where oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs) play a decisive role. However, current understanding is far from adequate, and the contribution of OFGs to the catalytic performance remains controversial. Therefore, a critical overview on OFGs in carbon-based electrocatalysts toward the 2e- ORR is highly desirable. Herein, we go over the methods for constructing OFGs in carbon including chemical oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, and precursor inheritance. Then we review the roles of OFGs in activating carbon toward the 2e- ORR, focusing on the intrinsic activity of different OFGs and the interplay between OFGs and metal species or defects. At last, we discuss the reasons for inconsistencies among different studies, and personal perspectives on the future development in this field are provided. The results provide insights into the origin of high catalytic activity and selectivity of carbon-based electrocatalysts toward the 2e- ORR and would provide theoretical foundations for the future development in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tianci Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Aidong Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Huaming Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Mineral Materials and Application, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Worsley CA, Dunlop TO, Potts SJ, Garcia-Rodriguez R, Bolton RS, Davies ML, Jewell E, Watson TM. Quantifying Infiltration for Quality Control in Printed Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells: A Microscopic Perspective. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2024; 7:1938-1948. [PMID: 38487267 PMCID: PMC10934285 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c03056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Mesoscopic carbon-based perovskite solar cells (CPSCs) are often cited as a potential frontrunner to perovskite commercialization. Infiltration, the extent to which perovskite fills the mesoporous scaffold, is critical for optimum performance and stability. However, infiltration data are usually presented as qualitative photographic comparisons of samples with extreme infiltration variation. This work examines how small infiltration defects impact performance using an optical microscopy examination of the base TiO2 layer to identify issues and develop targeted techniques for infiltration enhancement. Critically, the uninfiltrated area at the base of the stack was found to correlate well with PCE across multiple batches of varied print quality and ZrO2 thickness. Through reduction of mesh mark defects and improvement of print quality in the ZrO2 and carbon layers, a champion PCE of 15.01% is attained. It follows that this facile, multiscaled, nondestructive technique could enable targeted performance enhancement and quality control in future scale-up initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eifion Jewell
- Swansea University, Bay
Campus, Neath, Skewen SA18EN, Wales
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Holland R, Castro G, Chavana-Bryant C, Levy R, Moat J, Robson T, Wilkinson T, Wilkes P, Yang W, Disney M. Giant sequoia ( Sequoiadendron giganteum) in the UK: carbon storage potential and growth rates. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:230603. [PMID: 38481981 PMCID: PMC10933539 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Giant sequoias (Sequoiadendron giganteum) are some of the UK's largest trees, despite only being introduced in the mid-nineteenth century. There are an estimated half a million giant sequoias and closely related coastal redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) in the UK. Given the recent interest in planting more trees, partly due to their carbon sequestration potential and also their undoubted public appeal, an understanding of their growth capability is important. However, little is known about their growth and carbon uptake under UK conditions. Here, we focus on S. giganteum and use three-dimensional terrestrial laser scanning to perform detailed structural measurements of 97 individuals at three sites covering a range of different conditions, to estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) and annual biomass accumulation rates. We show that UK-grown S. giganteum can sequester carbon at a rate of 85 kg yr-1, varying with climate, management and age. We develop new UK-specific allometric models for S. giganteum that fit the observed AGB with r 2 > 0.93 and bias < 2% and can be used to estimate S. giganteum biomass more generally. This study provides the first estimate of the growth and carbon sequestration of UK open-grown S. giganteum and provides a baseline for estimating their longer-term carbon sequestration capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Holland
- East Point Geo, Ashgrove House, Monument Park, ChalgroveOX44 7RW, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | | | - Ron Levy
- Independent Researcher, RayleighSS6 9HB, UK
| | - Justin Moat
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, RichmondTW9 3AE, UK
| | | | | | - Phil Wilkes
- Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Geography, NERC NCEO, University College London, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wanxin Yang
- Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Geography, NERC NCEO, University College London, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mathias Disney
- Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Geography, NERC NCEO, University College London, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Holmes ST, Boley CM, Dewicki A, Gardner ZT, Vojvodin CS, Iuliucci RJ, Schurko RW. Carbon-13 chemical shift tensor measurements for nitrogen-dense compounds. Magn Reson Chem 2024; 62:179-189. [PMID: 38230444 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports the principal values of the 13 C chemical shift tensors for five nitrogen-dense compounds (i.e., cytosine, uracil, imidazole, guanidine hydrochloride, and aminoguanidine hydrochloride). Although these are all fundamentally important compounds, the majority do not have 13 C chemical shift tensors reported in the literature. The chemical shift tensors are obtained from 1 H→13 C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) experiments that were conducted at a high field of 18.8 T to suppress the effects of 14 N-13 C residual dipolar coupling. Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory are used to obtain the 13 C magnetic shielding tensors for these compounds. The best agreement with experiment arises from calculations using the hybrid functional PBE0 or the double-hybrid functional PBE0-DH, along with the triple-zeta basis sets TZ2P or pc-3, respectively, and intermolecular effects modeled using large clusters of molecules with electrostatic embedding through the COSMO approach. These measurements are part of an ongoing effort to expand the catalog of accurate 13 C chemical shift tensor measurements, with the aim of creating a database that may be useful for benchmarking the accuracy of quantum chemical calculations, developing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) crystallography protocols, or aiding in applications involving machine learning or data mining. This work was conducted at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory as part of a 2-week school for introducing undergraduate students to practical laboratory experience that will prepare them for scientific careers or postgraduate studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Holmes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Cameron M Boley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angelika Dewicki
- Department of Chemistry, Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary T Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cameron S Vojvodin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Robbie J Iuliucci
- Department of Chemistry, Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stephens SL, Foster DE, Battles JJ, Bernal AA, Collins BM, Hedges R, Moghaddas JJ, Roughton AT, York RA. Forest restoration and fuels reduction work: Different pathways for achieving success in the Sierra Nevada. Ecol Appl 2024; 34:e2932. [PMID: 37948058 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Fire suppression and past selective logging of large trees have fundamentally changed frequent-fire-adapted forests in California. The culmination of these changes produced forests that are vulnerable to catastrophic change by wildfire, drought, and bark beetles, with climate change exacerbating this vulnerability. Management options available to address this problem include mechanical treatments (Mech), prescribed fire (Fire), or combinations of these treatments (Mech + Fire). We quantify changes in forest structure and composition, fuel accumulation, modeled fire behavior, intertree competition, and economics from a 20-year forest restoration study in the northern Sierra Nevada. All three active treatments (Fire, Mech, Mech + Fire) produced forest conditions that were much more resistant to wildfire than the untreated control. The treatments that included prescribed fire (Fire, Mech + Fire) produced the lowest surface and duff fuel loads and the lowest modeled wildfire hazards. Mech produced low fire hazards beginning 7 years after the initial treatment and Mech + Fire had lower tree growth than controls. The only treatment that produced intertree competition somewhat similar to historical California mixed-conifer forests was Mech + Fire, indicating that stands under this treatment would likely be more resilient to enhanced forest stressors. While Fire reduced modeled wildfire hazard and reintroduced a fundamental ecosystem process, it was done at a net cost to the landowner. Using Mech that included mastication and restoration thinning resulted in positive revenues and was also relatively strong as an investment in reducing modeled wildfire hazard. The Mech + Fire treatment represents a compromise between the desire to sustain financial feasibility and the desire to reintroduce fire. One key component to long-term forest conservation will be continued treatments to maintain or improve the conditions from forest restoration. Many Indigenous people speak of "active stewardship" as one of the key principles in land management and this aligns well with the need for increased restoration in western US forests. If we do not use the knowledge from 20+ years of forest research and the much longer tradition of Indigenous cultural practices and knowledge, frequent-fire forests will continue to be degraded and lost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Stephens
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Daniel E Foster
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - John J Battles
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Alexis A Bernal
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brandon M Collins
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Center for Fire Research and Outreach, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Vallejo, California, USA
| | - Rachelle Hedges
- Berkeley Forests, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Ariel T Roughton
- Berkeley Forests, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Robert A York
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Y, Yu W, Zhang H, Shi Y, Zhu J, Wang T, Sun Y, Zhan T, Lai J, Wang L. The Superaerophobic N-Doped Carbon Nanocage with Hydrogen Spillover Effort for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution. Small 2024; 20:e2308440. [PMID: 37888806 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Under the high current density, the excessive strong adsorption of H* intermediates and H2 accumulation the catalysts are the major obstacle to the industrial application of hydrogen evolation reaction (HER) catalysts. Herein, through experimental exploration, it is found that the superaerophobic Nitrogen (N)-doped carbon material can promote the rapid release of H2 and provide H* desorption site for the hydrogen spillover process, which makes it have great potential as the catalysts support for hydrogen spillover. Based on this discovery, this work develops the hydrogen spillover catalyst with electron-rich Pt sites loaded on N-doped carbon nanocage (N-CNC) with adjustable work function. Through a series of comprehensive electrochemical tests, the existence of hydrogen spillover effort has been proved. Moreover, the in situ tests showed that pyrrolic-N can activate adjacent carbon sites as the desorption sites for hydrogen spillover. The Pt@N-1-CNC with the minimum work function difference (ΔΦ) between Pt NPs and support shows superior hydrogen evolution performance, only needs overpotential of 12.2 mV to reach current density of 10 mA cm-2 , outstanding turnover frequency (TOF) (44.7 s-1 @100 mV) and superior durability under the 360 h durability tests at current density of 50 mA cm-2 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yue Shi
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yuyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Tianrong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Lai
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chrismas N, Tindall-Jones B, Jenkins H, Harley J, Bird K, Cunliffe M. Metatranscriptomics reveals diversity of symbiotic interaction and mechanisms of carbon exchange in the marine cyanolichen Lichina pygmaea. New Phytol 2024; 241:2243-2257. [PMID: 37840369 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Lichens are exemplar symbioses based upon carbon exchange between photobionts and their mycobiont hosts. Historically considered a two-way relationship, some lichen symbioses have been shown to contain multiple photobiont partners; however, the way in which these photobiont communities react to environmental change is poorly understood. Lichina pygmaea is a marine cyanolichen that inhabits rocky seashores where it is submerged in seawater during every tidal cycle. Recent work has indicated that L. pygmaea has a complex photobiont community including the cyanobionts Rivularia and Pleurocapsa. We performed rRNA-based metabarcoding and mRNA metatranscriptomics of the L. pygmaea holobiont at high and low tide to investigate community response to immersion in seawater. Carbon exchange in L. pygmaea is a dynamic process, influenced by both tidal cycle and the biology of the individual symbiotic components. The mycobiont and two cyanobiont partners exhibit distinct transcriptional responses to seawater hydration. Sugar-based compatible solutes produced by Rivularia and Pleurocapsa in response to seawater are a potential source of carbon to the mycobiont. We propose that extracellular processing of photobiont-derived polysaccharides is a fundamental step in carbon acquisition by L. pygmaea and is analogous to uptake of plant-derived carbon in ectomycorrhizal symbioses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Chrismas
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Beth Tindall-Jones
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 2PB, UK
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Helen Jenkins
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Joanna Harley
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Kimberley Bird
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Michael Cunliffe
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 2PB, UK
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsujii Y, Atwell BJ, Lambers H, Wright IJ. Leaf phosphorus fractions vary with leaf economic traits among 35 Australian woody species. New Phytol 2024; 241:1985-1997. [PMID: 38189091 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Adaptations of plants to phosphorus (P) deficiency include reduced investment of leaf P in storage (orthophosphates in vacuoles), nucleic acids and membrane lipids. Yet, it is unclear how these adaptations are associated with plant ecological strategies. Five leaf P fractions (orthophosphate P, Pi ; metabolite P, PM ; nucleic acid P, PN ; lipid P, PL ; and residual P, PR ) were analysed alongside leaf economic traits among 35 Australian woody species from three habitats: one a high-P basalt-derived soil and two low-P sandstone-derived soils, one undisturbed and one disturbed by human activities with artificial P inputs. Species at the undisturbed low-P site generally exhibited lower concentrations of total leaf P ([Ptotal ]), primarily associated with lower concentrations of Pi , and PN . The relative allocation of P to each fraction varied little among sites, except that higher PL per [Ptotal ] (rPL ) was recorded at the undisturbed low-P site than at the high-P site. This higher rPL , reflecting relative allocation to membranes, was primarily associated with lower concentrations of leaf nitrogen at the undisturbed low-P site than at the high-P site. Associations between leaf P fractions and leaf nitrogen may provide a basis for understanding the variation in plant ecological strategies dependent on soil P availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsujii
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Penrith, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Brian J Atwell
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Penrith, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Penrith, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature & Agriculture, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Franco-Cisterna B, Stief P, Glud RN. Hydrostatic pressure impedes the degradation of sinking copepod carcasses and fecal pellets. J Plankton Res 2024; 46:219-223. [PMID: 38572121 PMCID: PMC10987097 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Fast-sinking zooplankton carcasses and fecal pellets appear to contribute significantly to the vertical transport of particulate organic carbon (POC), partly because of low temperature that decreases microbial degradation during the descent into the deep ocean. Increasing hydrostatic pressure could further reduce the degradation efficiency of sinking POC, but this effect remains unexplored. Here, the degradation of carcasses and fecal pellets of the abundant marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus was experimentally studied as a function of pressure (0.1-100 MPa). Samples were either exposed to elevated pressure in short 1-day incubations or a gradual pressure increase, simulating continuous particle sinking during a 20-day incubation. Both experiments revealed gradual inhibition of microbial respiration in the pressure range of 20-100 MPa, corresponding to 2-10-km depth. This suggests that hydrostatic pressure impedes carbon mineralization of fast-sinking carcasses and fecal pellets and enhances the deep-sea deposition rate of zooplankton-derived organic material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Franco-Cisterna
- HADAL & Nordcee, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Stief
- HADAL & Nordcee, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Ronnie N Glud
- HADAL & Nordcee, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
- Department of Ocean and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brenning M, Longstaffe FJ, Fraser D. Variation in stable carbon (δ 13C) and nitrogen (δ 15N) isotope compositions along antlers of Qamanirjuaq caribou ( Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus). Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11006. [PMID: 38500863 PMCID: PMC10945312 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Annual antler growth begins in the spring and is completed by late summer for male caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) from the Qamanirjuaq herd (Nunavut, Canada), aligned with both the spring migration and a seasonal dietary shift. Antlers may provide a non-lethal means of studying short- and long-term changes in caribou ecology through incorporated isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). We sampled the antlers of 12 male caribou from the Qamanirjuaq herd culled in September 1967. We predicted that serial sampling of antlers would reflect the known seasonal dietary change from lichen to grass-like and shrub diet based on rumen contents from individuals culled during the same period. The δ13C and δ15N were analyzed in food sources and every 3 cm along each antler's length. The carbon isotope compositions of collagen (δ13Ccol) varied by ~0.5‰ among individuals and within antlers, while the carbon isotope compositions of antler bioapatite (δ13CCO3) increased by 1-1.5‰ from pedicle to tip. Values of δ15Ncol increased within antlers by 1-3‰ from pedicle to tip and varied by 3‰ among the individuals sampled. Antler collagen was lower in δ15Ncol by ~1‰ relative to bone collagen. Bayesian mixing models were conducted to test for changes in dietary proportions from antler isotope compositions. Mixing models did not indicate significant dietary shifts for any individual during antler formation, showing consistently mixed diets of fungi, horsetail, lichen, and woody plants. Increases in δ15Ncol in antler tissue could, therefore, correspond to subtle seasonal dietary changes and/or the physiological stress of antler tissue development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brenning
- Department of Earth SciencesCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- PalaeobiologyCanadian Museum of NatureOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Fred J. Longstaffe
- Department of Earth SciencesThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Danielle Fraser
- Department of Earth SciencesCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- PalaeobiologyCanadian Museum of NatureOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of PaleobiologySmithsonian National Museum of Natural HistoryWashingtonDCUSA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shen S, Chen Y, Gu X, Chen K, Qiu Z, Liu P, Zhang Y, Xiang J, Yang Y, Cao F, Wang C, Wan W, He X, Liang X, Bao N, Chen M, Xia Y, Xia X, Zhang W. Juice Vesicles Bioreactors Technology for Constructing Advanced Carbon-Based Energy Storage. Adv Mater 2024:e2400245. [PMID: 38377331 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The construction of high-quality carbon-based energy materials through biotechnology has always been an eager goal of the scientific community. Herein, juice vesicles bioreactors (JVBs) bio-technology based on hesperidium (e.g., pomelo, waxberry, oranges) is first reported for preparation of carbon-based composites with controllable components, adjustable morphologies, and sizes. JVBs serve as miniature reaction vessels that enable sophisticated confined chemical reactions to take place, ultimately resulting in the formations of complex carbon composites. The newly developed approach is highly versatile and can be compatible with a wide range of materials including metals, alloys, and metal compounds. The growth and self-assembly mechanisms of carbon composites via JVBs are explained. For illustration, NiCo alloy nanoparticles are successfully in situ implanted into pomelo vesicles crosslinked carbon (PCC) by JVBs, and their applications as sulfur/carbon cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries are explored. The well-designed PCC/NiCo-S electrode exhibits superior high-rate properties and enhanced long-term stability. Synergistic reinforcement mechanisms on transportation of ions/electrons of interface reactions and catalytic conversion of lithium polysulfides arising from metal alloy and carbon architecture are proposed with the aid of DFT calculations. The research provides a novel biosynthetic route to rational design and fabrication of carbon composites for advanced energy storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Shen
- School of Materials Science and & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Narada Powder Source Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Chen
- School of Materials Science and & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- School of Materials Science and & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Ketong Chen
- School of Materials Science and & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Qiu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611371, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611371, P. R. China
| | - Jiayuan Xiang
- Narada Powder Source Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yefeng Yang
- School of Materials Science and & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Engineering Technology, Huzhou College, Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
| | - Wangjun Wan
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
| | - Xinping He
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xinqi Liang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611371, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ningzhong Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xia
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wenkui Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deckenbach D, Schneider JJ. Toward a Metal Anode-Free Zinc-Air Battery for Next-Generation Energy Storage. Small 2024:e2311065. [PMID: 38319023 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-air batteries (ZABs) promise high energy density and safety. However, the use of conventional zinc anodes affects the energy output from the battery, so that the theoretical energy density is not achievable under operation conditions. A large portion of the zinc is shielded by anode passivation during the discharge process and remains electrochemically unused, making the operation of rechargeable ZABs inefficient up to date. In a metal anode-free ZAB, there is no unnecessary excess zinc if the zinc reservoir can be precisely adjusted by electrodeposition of zinc from the electrolyte. In this respect, an anode-free battery uses the electrolyte offering a dual-mode functionality not only providing ionic conductivity but also being the source of zinc. In addition, it is shown that a defined porous anode architecture is crucial for high rechargeability in this new type of ZAB. 3D-spatially arranged carbon nanotubes as geometrically defined host structures allow a homogeneous zinc deposition from the electrolyte. Together with carbon nanohorns as an active 2e- catalyst on the cathode side, the rechargeability of this new concept reaches up to 92%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Deckenbach
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ellison D, Pokorný J, Wild M. Even cooler insights: On the power of forests to (water the Earth and) cool the planet. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17195. [PMID: 38389196 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Scientific innovation is overturning conventional paradigms of forest, water, and energy cycle interactions. This has implications for our understanding of the principal causal pathways by which tree, forest, and vegetation cover (TFVC) influence local and global warming/cooling. Many identify surface albedo and carbon sequestration as the principal causal pathways by which TFVC affects global warming/cooling. Moving toward the outer latitudes, in particular, where snow cover is more important, surface albedo effects are perceived to overpower carbon sequestration. By raising surface albedo, deforestation is thus predicted to lead to surface cooling, while increasing forest cover is assumed to result in warming. Observational data, however, generally support the opposite conclusion, suggesting surface albedo is poorly understood. Most accept that surface temperatures are influenced by the interplay of surface albedo, incoming shortwave (SW) radiation, and the partitioning of the remaining, post-albedo, SW radiation into latent and sensible heat. However, the extent to which the avoidance of sensible heat formation is first and foremost mediated by the presence (absence) of water and TFVC is not well understood. TFVC both mediates the availability of water on the land surface and drives the potential for latent heat production (evapotranspiration, ET). While latent heat is more directly linked to local than global cooling/warming, it is driven by photosynthesis and carbon sequestration and powers additional cloud formation and top-of-cloud reflectivity, both of which drive global cooling. TFVC loss reduces water storage, precipitation recycling, and downwind rainfall potential, thus driving the reduction of both ET (latent heat) and cloud formation. By reducing latent heat, cloud formation, and precipitation, deforestation thus powers warming (sensible heat formation), which further diminishes TFVC growth (carbon sequestration). Large-scale tree and forest restoration could, therefore, contribute significantly to both global and surface temperature cooling through the principal causal pathways of carbon sequestration and cloud formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Ellison
- Natural Resource Policy Group (NARP), Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Land Systems and Sustainable Land Management Unit (LS-SLM), Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Wild
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Antolín F, Jacomet S, Soteras R, Gerling C, Bernasconi SM, Follmann F, Hajdas I, Jaggi M, Jesus A, Martínez-Grau H, Oms FX, Röder B, Steiner BL, van Willigen S. An archaeobotanical and stable isotope approach to changing agricultural practices in the NW Mediterranean region around 4000 BC. Holocene 2024; 34:239-254. [PMID: 38259723 PMCID: PMC10799764 DOI: 10.1177/09596836231211848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
It has recently been observed, that a change in the crop spectrum happened during the so-called Middle Neolithic in France at ca. 4000 BC. An agricultural system based on free-threshing cereals (naked wheat and naked barley) seems to shift to one based on glume wheats. This is a major change for traditional farmers and this paper aims to shed light on its possible causes. Here we describe the results of new investigations in a key area for the understanding of this process: the NW Mediterranean arch, where free-threshing cereals are the main cultivars since ca. 5100 BC. New data confirm that the shift towards glume wheats is also observed in some sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula and that among the glume wheats that spread at ca. 4000 BC we should not only consider emmer and einkorn but also Timopheevi's wheat. Stable isotope analyses indicate no major decrease in soil fertility or alterations in local precipitation regimes. The agricultural change may be the result of a combination of the spread of damaging pests for free-threshing cereals and presumably new networks being developed with the North-eastern part of Italy and the Balkans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Antolín
- German Archaeological Institute, Natural Sciences Unit, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science (IPAS), Basel University, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Jacomet
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science (IPAS), Basel University, Switzerland
| | - Raül Soteras
- German Archaeological Institute, Natural Sciences Unit, Germany
| | - Claudia Gerling
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science (IPAS), Basel University, Switzerland
- Departement Altertumswissenschaften, Ur- und Frühgeschichtliche und Provinzialrömische Archäologie, Basel University, Switzerland
| | | | - Franziska Follmann
- German Archaeological Institute, Natural Sciences Unit, Germany
- Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Irka Hajdas
- Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics (LIP), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Madalina Jaggi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Geological Institute, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Jesus
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science (IPAS), Basel University, Switzerland
| | - Héctor Martínez-Grau
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science (IPAS), Basel University, Switzerland
| | - Francesc Xavier Oms
- Seminari d’Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques (SERP). Secció de Prehistòria i Arqueologia, Dept. d’Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història. Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Arqueologia de la Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Geografia i Història. Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Departement Altertumswissenschaften, Ur- und Frühgeschichtliche und Provinzialrömische Archäologie, Basel University, Switzerland
| | - Bigna L Steiner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science (IPAS), Basel University, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ouyang M, Tian D, Niklas KJ, Yan Z, Han W, Yu Q, Chen G, Ji C, Tang Z, Fang J. The scaling of elemental stoichiometry and growth rate over the course of bamboo ontogeny. New Phytol 2024; 241:1088-1099. [PMID: 37991013 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometric rules may explain the allometric scaling among biological traits and body size, a fundamental law of nature. However, testing the scaling of elemental stoichiometry and growth to size over the course of plant ontogeny is challenging. Here, we used a fast-growing bamboo species to examine how the concentrations and contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), relative growth rate (G), and nutrient productivity scale with whole-plant mass (M) at the culm elongation and maturation stages. The whole-plant C content vs M and N content vs P content scaled isometrically, and the N or P content vs M scaled as a general 3/4 power function across both growth stages. The scaling exponents of G vs M and N (and P) productivity in newly grown mass vs M relationships across the whole growth stages decreased as a -1 power function. These findings reveal the previously undocumented generality of stoichiometric allometries over the course of plant ontogeny and provide new insights for understanding the origin of ubiquitous quarter-power scaling laws in the biosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Di Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Karl J Niklas
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Zhengbing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingshui Yu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiyao Tang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Picano E, Pierard L, Peteiro J, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Sade LE, Cortigiani L, Van De Heyning CM, Celutkiene J, Gaibazzi N, Ciampi Q, Senior R, Neskovic AN, Henein M. The clinical use of stress echocardiography in chronic coronary syndromes and beyond coronary artery disease: a clinical consensus statement from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the ESC. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 25:e65-e90. [PMID: 37798126 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 2009 publication of the stress echocardiography expert consensus of the European Association of Echocardiography, and after the 2016 advice of the American Society of Echocardiography-European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging for applications beyond coronary artery disease, new information has become available regarding stress echo. Until recently, the assessment of regional wall motion abnormality was the only universally practiced step of stress echo. In the state-of-the-art ABCDE protocol, regional wall motion abnormality remains the main step A, but at the same time, regional perfusion using ultrasound-contrast agents may be assessed. Diastolic function and pulmonary B-lines are assessed in step B; left ventricular contractile and preload reserve with volumetric echocardiography in step C; Doppler-based coronary flow velocity reserve in the left anterior descending coronary artery in step D; and ECG-based heart rate reserve in non-imaging step E. These five biomarkers converge, conceptually and methodologically, in the ABCDE protocol allowing comprehensive risk stratification of the vulnerable patient with chronic coronary syndromes. The present document summarizes current practice guidelines recommendations and training requirements and harmonizes the clinical guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology in many diverse cardiac conditions, from chronic coronary syndromes to valvular heart disease. The continuous refinement of imaging technology and the diffusion of ultrasound-contrast agents improve image quality, feasibility, and reader accuracy in assessing wall motion and perfusion, left ventricular volumes, and coronary flow velocity. Carotid imaging detects pre-obstructive atherosclerosis and improves risk prediction similarly to coronary atherosclerosis. The revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence on echocardiographic image acquisition and analysis makes stress echo more operator-independent and objective. Stress echo has unique features of low cost, versatility, and universal availability. It does not need ionizing radiation exposure and has near-zero carbon dioxide emissions. Stress echo is a convenient and sustainable choice for functional testing within and beyond coronary artery disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Picano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luc Pierard
- University of Liège, Walloon Region, Belgium
| | - Jesus Peteiro
- CHUAC-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruna, CIBER-CV, University of A Coruna, 15070 La Coruna, Spain
| | - Ana Djordjevic-Dikic
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Medical School, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Leyla Elif Sade
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center UPMC Heart & Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jelena Celutkiene
- Centre of Cardiology and Angiology, Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nicola Gaibazzi
- Cardiology Department, Parma University Hospital, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Quirino Ciampi
- Cardiology Division, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Roxy Senior
- Imperial College, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital Imperial College London, UK
- Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aleksandar N Neskovic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital Center Zemun-Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michael Henein
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Units: Section of Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gržeta Krpan N, Harej Hrkać A, Janković T, Dolenec P, Bekyarova E, Parpura V, Pilipović K. Chemically Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Prevent the Reduction in Plasmalemmal Glutamate Transporter EAAT1 Expression in, and Increase the Release of Selected Cytokines from, Stretch-Injured Astrocytes in Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:225. [PMID: 38334617 PMCID: PMC10854924 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We tested the effects of water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes, chemically functionalized with polyethylene glycol (SWCNT-PEG), on primary mouse astrocytes exposed to a severe in vitro simulated traumatic brain injury (TBI). The application of SWCNT-PEG in the culture media of injured astrocytes did not affect cell damage levels, when compared to those obtained from injured, functionalization agent (PEG)-treated cells. Furthermore, SWCNT-PEG did not change the levels of oxidatively damaged proteins in astrocytes. However, this nanomaterial prevented the reduction in plasmalemmal glutamate transporter EAAT1 expression caused by the injury, rendering the level of EAAT1 on par with that of control, uninjured PEG-treated astrocytes; in parallel, there was no significant change in the levels of GFAP. Additionally, SWCNT-PEG increased the release of selected cytokines that are generally considered to be involved in recovery processes following injuries. As a loss of EAATs has been implicated as a culprit in the suffering of human patients from TBI, the application of SWCNT-PEG could have valuable effects at the injury site, by preventing the loss of astrocytic EAAT1 and consequently allowing for a much-needed uptake of glutamate from the extracellular space, the accumulation of which leads to unwanted excitotoxicity. Additional potential therapeutic benefits could be reaped from the fact that SWCNT-PEG stimulated the release of selected cytokines from injured astrocytes, which would promote recovery after injury and thus counteract the excess of proinflammatory cytokines present in TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nika Gržeta Krpan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.G.K.); (A.H.H.); (T.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Anja Harej Hrkać
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.G.K.); (A.H.H.); (T.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Tamara Janković
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.G.K.); (A.H.H.); (T.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Petra Dolenec
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.G.K.); (A.H.H.); (T.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Elena Bekyarova
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- International Translational Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;
| | - Kristina Pilipović
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.G.K.); (A.H.H.); (T.J.); (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Slaitas J. Universal Bond Models of FRP Reinforcements Externally Bonded and Near-Surface Mounted to RC Elements in Bending. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:493. [PMID: 38276432 PMCID: PMC10817679 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The use of fibre-reinforced polymer materials (FRPs) for the retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RC) structures has become very popular. However, the main concern for the exploitation of FRPs is their premature debonding failure modes. This paper presents two different universal models for calculating flexed RC elements strengthened with externally bonded and near-surface mounted FRP reinforcements, which were derived by coupling principles of the fracture mechanics of solids and generally accepted assumptions. The first model allows a complete analysis of the behaviour, development, and propagation of rupture of the joint. The main advantages of the proposed model, compared to existing ones, are that it does not require additional bond shear tests to identify missing factors, and it is versatile and suitable for both externally bonded reinforcements (EBR) and near surface mounted (NSM) strengthening techniques. In addition, the concrete-FRP connection is divided into zones and the current phase and length of each zone are determined, allowing for more detailed analysis of the connection at different load stages. The proposed computational model and its derivation focus on the performance of the joint between the two cracks and the distribution of the shear stresses in that joint. The second one requires fewer computations and can be fully exploited when the joint is treated as a unit, without division. The results of the calculations have been validated using the experimental database of 77 RC beams and strengthened with externally bonded and near-surface mounted carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets, plates, strips, and bars taken from 13 different studies. Both the prestress force and the initial stress state before strengthening were evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justas Slaitas
- Department of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Geotechnics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Ave. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Galvani M, Freddi S, Sangaletti L. Disclosing Fast Detection Opportunities with Nanostructured Chemiresistor Gas Sensors Based on Metal Oxides, Carbon, and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:584. [PMID: 38257677 DOI: 10.3390/s24020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
With the emergence of novel sensing materials and the increasing opportunities to address safety and life quality priorities of our society, gas sensing is experiencing an outstanding growth. Among the characteristics required to assess performances, the overall speed of response and recovery is adding to the well-established stability, selectivity, and sensitivity features. In this review, we focus on fast detection with chemiresistor gas sensors, focusing on both response time and recovery time that characterize their dynamical response. We consider three classes of sensing materials operating in a chemiresistor architecture, exposed to the most investigated pollutants, such as NH3, NO2, H2S, H2, ethanol, and acetone. Among sensing materials, we first selected nanostructured metal oxides, which are by far the most used chemiresistors and can provide a solid ground for performance improvement. Then, we selected nanostructured carbon sensing layers (carbon nanotubes, graphene, and reduced graphene), which represent a promising class of materials that can operate at room temperature and offer many possibilities to increase their sensitivities via functionalization, decoration, or blending with other nanostructured materials. Finally, transition metal dichalcogenides are presented as an emerging class of chemiresistive layers that bring what has been learned from graphene into a quite large portfolio of chemo-sensing platforms. For each class, studies since 2019 reporting on chemiresistors that display less than 10 s either in the response or in the recovery time are listed. We show that for many sensing layers, the sum of both response and recovery times is already below 10 s, making them promising devices for fast measurements to detect, e.g., sudden bursts of dangerous emissions in the environment, or to track the integrity of packaging during food processing on conveyor belts at pace with industrial production timescales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Galvani
- Surface Science and Spectroscopy Lab at I-Lamp, Department of Mathematics and Physics, Via della Garzetta 48, 25133 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sonia Freddi
- Surface Science and Spectroscopy Lab at I-Lamp, Department of Mathematics and Physics, Via della Garzetta 48, 25133 Brescia, Italy
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Laboratory for Nanostructure Epitaxy and Spintronics on Silicon (LNESS), Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Luigi Sangaletti
- Surface Science and Spectroscopy Lab at I-Lamp, Department of Mathematics and Physics, Via della Garzetta 48, 25133 Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rice PS, Lee G, Schwartz B, Autrey T, Ginovska B. Leveraging Curvature on N-Doped Carbon Materials for Hydrogen Storage. Small 2024:e2310162. [PMID: 38221703 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbon sorbent materials have shown great promise for solid-state hydrogen (H2 ) storage. Modification of these materials with nitrogen (N) dopants has been undertaken to develop materials that can store H2 at ambient temperatures. In this work density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to systematically probe the influence of curvature on the stability and activity of undoped and N-doped carbon materials toward H binding. Specifically, four models of carbon materials are used: graphene, [5,5] carbon nanotube, [5,5] D5d -C120, and C60 , to extract and correlate the thermodynamic properties of active sites with varying degrees of sp2 hybridization (curvature). From the calculations and analysis, it is found that graphitic N-doping is thermodynamically favored on more pyramidal sites with increased curvature. In contrast, it is found that the hydrogen binding energy is weakly affected by curvature and is dominated by electronic effects induced by N-doping. These findings highlight the importance of modulating the heteroatom doping configuration and the lattice topology when developing materials for H2 storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Rice
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Gabriel Lee
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Brayden Schwartz
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Tom Autrey
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Bojana Ginovska
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Y, Fu X, Wang L, Guo X, Dong B. Sorption of phenols and flavonoids on activated charcoal improves protein metabolism, antioxidant status, immunity, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1327455. [PMID: 38274659 PMCID: PMC10808307 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1327455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that activated charcoal sorption of Chinese herbal extracts is more effective than activated charcoal. The present study was designed to investigate whether phenols and flavonoids have an effect on nutrient metabolism, antioxidant activity, immunity, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Seven diets [basal diet (CON); CON supplemented with 450 mg/kg of activated charcoal (AC); CON supplemented with 250, 500, 750, 1,000, or 7,500 mg/kg of phenolic acids and flavonoids (PF) to AC (PFAC)]. PFAC was the complex of AC sorption of PF in the ratio of 9:1. These dietary treatments for broilers lasted for 42 days. Results showed that at d 21, all doses of PFAC altered serum levels of total protein, albumin, and creatinine compared to AC (p < 0.05). Both PFAC and AC altered HDL-, LDL-, and VLDL-cholesterol levels compared to CON (p < 0.05). PFAC at 500 mg/kg (450 mg/kg AC+ 50 mg/kg phenolic acids and flavonoids) increased serum IgA and IgM (p < 0.05), but AC at 450 mg/kg did not, compared to CON. At d 42, breast and thigh muscles of PFAC-treated broilers had higher free radical scavenging activities compared to CON (p < 0.05), but AC had no such effect. PFAC at 500 mg/kg increased villus height in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared to CON (p < 0.05), but AC had no such response. PFAC at 500 mg/kg effectively improved protein and lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology, but AC had no such effect at a similar dose. Excessive PFAC (7,500 mg/kg) showed no significant side effects on broiler growth, liver damage, or hematology. These results suggest that phenols and flavonoids, in cooperation with activated charcoal, provide the majority of the functions of the herbal extract from multiple Chinese medicinal herbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Hepatology National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqi Fu
- Institute for Hepatology National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Plateau Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Frew A, Weinberger N, Powell JR, Watts-Williams SJ, Aguilar-Trigueros CA. Community assembly of root-colonizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: beyond carbon and into defence? ISME J 2024; 18:wrae007. [PMID: 38366019 PMCID: PMC10910849 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Frew
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Natascha Weinberger
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Watts-Williams
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Trigueros
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu L, Liu R, Zhao Y, Shen X, Sun C, Yang Z, Wang J, Du Y, Geng S, Chen F. Coordination-Polymer-Derived Cu-CoO/C Nanocomposite Used in Fenton-like Reaction to Achieve Efficient Degradation of Organic Compounds. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:132. [PMID: 38251097 PMCID: PMC10819537 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, carbon-matrix-supported copper (Cu) and cobaltous oxide (CoO) nanoparticles were obtained by using coordination polymers (CPs) as a precursor. The aqueous solutions of copper methacrylate (CuMA) and cobalt methacrylate (CoMA) were preferentially prepared, which were then mixed with anhydrous ethanol to fabricate dual metal ion coordination polymers (CuMA/CoMA). After calcination under an argon atmosphere, the Cu-CoO/C nanocomposite was obtained. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the material has banded morphology, and the dual functional nanoparticles were highly dispersed in the carbon matrix. The prepared material was used in a heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction, with the aim of replacing traditional ferric catalysts to solve pH constraints and the mass production of ferric slime. The obtained nanocomposite showed excellent catalytic performance on the degradation of methylene blue (MB) at near-neutral conditions; the discoloration efficiency is about 98.5% within 50 min in the presence of 0.15 mmol/mL H2O2 and 0.5 mg/mL catalyst. And good reusability was verified via eight cycles. The plausible pathway for MB discoloration and the possible catalytic mechanism was also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxu Xu
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Rupeng Liu
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yubo Zhao
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Cuizhen Sun
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yufeng Du
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Shuying Geng
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Feiyong Chen
- Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
- Jianda Ecological Environment Innovation Center, Shandong Jianzhu University, Huzhou 313000, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Khan AJ, Sajjad M, Khan S, Khan M, Mateen A, Shah SS, Arshid N, He L, Ma Z, Gao L, Zhao G. Telluride-Based Materials: A Promising Route for High Performance Supercapacitors. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300302. [PMID: 38010947 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
As supercapacitor (SC) technology continues to evolve, there is a growing need for electrode materials with high energy/power densities and cycling stability. However, research and development of electrode materials with such characteristics is essential for commercialization the SC. To meet this demand, the development of superior electrode materials has become an increasingly critical step. The electrochemical performance of SCs is greatly influenced by various factors such as the reaction mechanism, crystal structure, and kinetics of electron/ion transfer in the electrodes, which have been challenging to address using previously investigated electrode materials like carbon and metal oxides/sulfides. Recently, tellurium and telluride-based materials have garnered increasing interest in energy storage technology owing to their high electronic conductivity, favorable crystal structure, and excellent volumetric capacity. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental properties and energy storage performance of tellurium- and Te-based materials by introducing their physicochemical properties. First, we elaborate on the significance of tellurides. Next, the charge storage mechanism of functional telluride materials and important synthesis strategies are summarized. Then, research advancements in metal and carbon-based telluride materials, as well as the effectiveness of tellurides for SCs, were analyzed by emphasizing their essential properties and extensive advantages. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects for improving the telluride-based supercapacitive performance are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jabbar Khan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Shaukat Khan
- College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, 211, Sultanate of, Oman
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Abdul Mateen
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Syed Shaheen Shah
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
| | - Numan Arshid
- School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Liang He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zeyu Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ling Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Guowei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ngute ASK, Schoeman DS, Pfeifer M, van der Heijden GMF, Phillips OL, van Breugel M, Campbell MJ, Chandler CJ, Enquist BJ, Gallagher RV, Gehring C, Hall JS, Laurance S, Laurance WF, Letcher SG, Liu W, Sullivan MJP, Wright SJ, Yuan C, Marshall AR. Global dominance of lianas over trees is driven by forest disturbance, climate and topography. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17140. [PMID: 38273497 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that liana competition with trees is threatening the global carbon sink by slowing the recovery of forests following disturbance. A recent theory based on local and regional evidence further proposes that the competitive success of lianas over trees is driven by interactions between forest disturbance and climate. We present the first global assessment of liana-tree relative performance in response to forest disturbance and climate drivers. Using an unprecedented dataset, we analysed 651 vegetation samples representing 26,538 lianas and 82,802 trees from 556 unique locations worldwide, derived from 83 publications. Results show that lianas perform better relative to trees (increasing liana-to-tree ratio) when forests are disturbed, under warmer temperatures and lower precipitation and towards the tropical lowlands. We also found that lianas can be a critical factor hindering forest recovery in disturbed forests experiencing liana-favourable climates, as chronosequence data show that high competitive success of lianas over trees can persist for decades following disturbances, especially when the annual mean temperature exceeds 27.8°C, precipitation is less than 1614 mm and climatic water deficit is more than 829 mm. These findings reveal that degraded tropical forests with environmental conditions favouring lianas are disproportionately more vulnerable to liana dominance and thus can potentially stall succession, with important implications for the global carbon sink, and hence should be the highest priority to consider for restoration management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Senghor K Ngute
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - David S Schoeman
- Ocean Futures Research Cluster, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Marion Pfeifer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Michiel van Breugel
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mason J Campbell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Rachael V Gallagher
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christoph Gehring
- Post-Graduate Program in Agroecology, Maranhão State University, Cd. Universitária Paulo VI, São Luis, Brazil
| | | | - Susan Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan G Letcher
- Department of Plant Biology, College of the Atlantic, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Wenyao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Martin J P Sullivan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Chunming Yuan
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Andrew R Marshall
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alafeef M, Srivastava I, Aditya T, Pan D. Carbon Dots: From Synthesis to Unraveling the Fluorescence Mechanism. Small 2024; 20:e2303937. [PMID: 37715112 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) being a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial have attracted intensive interest from researchers owing to their excellent biophysical properties. CDs are a class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials that have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional quantum dots and organic dyes in applications including bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronics. CDs possess unique optical properties, such as tunable emission, facile synthesis, and low toxicity, making them attractive for many applications in biology, medicine, and environmental areas. The synthesis of CDs is achievable by a variety of methods, including bottom-up and top-down approaches, involving the use of different carbon sources and surface functionalization strategies. However, understanding the fluorescence mechanism of CDs remains a challenge. Various mechanistic models have been proposed to explain their origin of luminescence. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthesis and functionalization of CDs and provides an overview of the current understanding of the fluorescence mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alafeef
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Indrajit Srivastava
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Teresa Aditya
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li X, Wang Y, Wu J, Tong L, Wang S, Li X, Li C, Wang M, Li M, Fan W, Chen X, Chen Q, Wang G, Chen Y. Engineering contact curved interface with high-electronic-state active sites for high-performance potassium-ion batteries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307477120. [PMID: 38134195 PMCID: PMC10756288 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307477120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted ever-increasing interest due to the abundant potassium resources and low cost, which are considered a sustainable energy storage technology. However, the graphite anodes employed in PIBs suffer from low capacity and sluggish reaction kinetics caused by the large radius of potassium ions. Herein, we report nitrogen-doped, defect-rich hollow carbon nanospheres with contact curved interfaces (CCIs) on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), namely CCI-CNS/CNT, to boost both electron transfer and potassium-ion adsorption. Density functional theory calculations validate that engineering CCIs significantly augments the electronic state near the Fermi level, thus promoting electron transfer. In addition, the CCIs exhibit a pronounced affinity for potassium ions, promoting their adsorption and subsequently benefiting potassium storage. As a result, the rationally designed CCI-CNS/CNT anode shows remarkable cyclic stability and rate capability. This work provides a strategy for enhancing the potassium storage performance of carbonaceous materials through CCI engineering, which can be further extended to other battery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences and College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian350000, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences and College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian350000, China
| | - Junxiong Wu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences and College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian350000, China
| | - Lijuan Tong
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences and College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian350000, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Computational Optical Imaging and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mathematics and Physics Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei056000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences and College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian350000, China
| | - Chuanping Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences and College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian350000, China
| | - Manxi Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences and College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian350000, China
| | - Manxian Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences and College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian350000, China
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences and College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian350000, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences and College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian350000, China
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Center for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW2007, Australia
| | - Yuming Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences and College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian350000, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Deerman H, Yee DA. Competitive interactions with Aedes albopictus alter the nutrient content of Aedes aegypti. Med Vet Entomol 2023; 37:715-722. [PMID: 37354035 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Competition is often cited as a central force that affects the distribution and performance of organisms. Ecological stoichiometry is the balance of elements within animal bodies that can be affected by resource acquisition and processing, as well as by intra- or interspecific interactions. Though relatively underexplored for mosquitoes, stoichiometry may provide a wealth of information linking ecological interactions to body nutrient content, and potentially on to pathogen transmission. Detritus, which often varies in nutrient content, forms the base of the food web within the small aquatic habitats occupied by larval mosquitoes, and detrital nutrient content can alter mosquito growth, survival, and population growth. The invasive mosquitoes Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) interact as larvae in aquatic systems, often altering their adult populations. Herein, we investigated how different detritus combinations as well as how intra- and interspecific densities of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti would affect coexistence; we also measured how nutrient composition (carbon and nitrogen) and stoichiometry (C:N) of adults would vary with those interactions. Ae. albopictus survival, population growth, and stoichiometry were not affected by intra- or interspecific competition; nutrient values did vary with detritus ratios. However, Ae. aegypti nutrient content and stoichiometry and survival were negatively affected within the lowest nutrient environments in the presence of Ae. albopictus, but in the highest nutrient environments, both species showed high survival rates and population growth. This is the first study to show that adult mosquito body nutrients can be altered by interspecific interactions, and as nutrient content in adults has been linked to pathogen transmission, it provides a novel role of competition in affecting disease dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Deerman
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Donald A Yee
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Juselius-Rajamäki T, Väliranta M, Korhola A. The ongoing lateral expansion of peatlands in Finland. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:7173-7191. [PMID: 37855045 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are the most dense terrestrial carbon stock and since the last glacial epoch northern peatlands have accumulated between 400 and 1000 Gt of carbon. Although the horizontal development history of the peatlands during the Holocene has been previously researched, these studies have overlooked the current peatland margins. This has led to a long-standing view that the lateral expansion of the peatlands has halted or significantly slowed down. However, no concentrated effort focusing on the recent development of the peatland margins has been conducted. To fulfil this knowledge gap, we studied the development of peatland margins in five Finnish peatlands. In addition, we studied the effect of peatland subsoil characteristics and past forest fires on the peatland expansion. We sampled 15 transects with a total of 47 peat cores utilizing 14 C radiocarbon dating on the basal layers of these peat cores. Our results show that the Northern peatlands are still expanding with four of our study sites having recent, post-1950's basal ages in the peatland margins. In addition, the rate of peatland lateral expansion has increased during the last 1500 years in our study sites, challenging the current knowledge of the recent peatland expansion dynamics. We recorded lateral expansion rates of 0.1-6.4 cm/year from the sites studied. The rate of lateral expansion was restricted by local characteristics, especially the steepness of subsoil (p = .0108). Forest fires likely played an important role as the trigger for lateral expansion in southern study sites with large number of charcoal found at the basal layer of the peat cores. Depending on the scope of this recent lateral expansion across the vast northern peatlands, the effect on the carbon balance could be significant and should be taken into account when estimating the development of carbon pools in these crucial ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Juselius-Rajamäki
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems, Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Väliranta
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems, Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Atte Korhola
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems, Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Reid REB, Crowley BE, Haupt RJ. The prospects of poop: a review of past achievements and future possibilities in faecal isotope analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:2091-2113. [PMID: 37438959 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
What can the stable isotope values of human and animal faeces tell us? This often under-appreciated waste product is gaining recognition across a variety of disciplines. Faecal isotopes provide a means of monitoring diet, resource partitioning, landscape use, tracking nutrient inputs and cycling, and reconstructing past climate and environment. Here, we review what faeces are composed of, their temporal resolution, and how these factors may be impacted by digestive physiology and efficiency. As faeces are often used to explore diet, we clarify how isotopic offsets between diet and faeces can be calculated, as well as some differences among commonly used calculations that can lead to confusion. Generally, faecal carbon isotope (δ13 C) values are lower than those of the diet, while faecal nitrogen isotope values (δ15 N) values are higher than in the diet. However, there is considerable variability both within and among species. We explore the role of study design and how limitations stemming from a variety of factors can affect both the reliability and interpretability of faecal isotope data sets. Finally, we summarise the various ways in which faecal isotopes have been applied to date and provide some suggestions for future research. Despite remaining challenges, faecal isotope data are poised to continue to contribute meaningfully to a variety of fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E B Reid
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, 4044 Derring Hall, 926 West Campus Dr, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Brooke Erin Crowley
- Department of Geosciences, University of Cincinnati, 500 Geology Physics Building, 345 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0013, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Cincinnati, 481 Braunstein Hall, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0380, USA
| | - Ryan J Haupt
- National Youth Science Foundation, PO Box 3387, Charleston, WV, 25333-3387, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ugwumadu C, Olson Iii R, Smith NL, Nepal K, Al-Majali Y, Trembly J, Drabold DA. Computer simulation of carbonization and graphitization of coal. Nanotechnology 2023. [PMID: 38016446 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study describes computer simulations of carbonization and graphite formation, including the effects of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. We introduce a novel technique to simulate carbonization, ``Simulation of Thermal Emission of Atoms and Molecules (STEAM)," designed to elucidate volatile outgassing and density variations in the intermediate material during carbonization. The investigation analyzes the functional groups that endure through high-temperature carbonization and examines the graphitization processes in carbon-rich materials containing non-carbon "impurity elements". The physical, vibrational, and electronic attributes of impure amorphous graphite are analyzed, and the impact of nitrogen on electronic conduction is investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinonso Ugwumadu
- Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701-2978, UNITED STATES
| | - Rudolph Olson Iii
- CONSOL Innovations LLC, 1142 Co Hwy 39 building 2, Triadelphia, West Virginia, 26059, UNITED STATES
| | - Natasha L Smith
- CONSOL Innovations LLC, 1142 Co Hwy 39 building 2, Triadelphia, West Virginia, 26059, UNITED STATES
| | - Kishor Nepal
- Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701-2978, UNITED STATES
| | - Yahya Al-Majali
- Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701-2978, UNITED STATES
| | - Jason Trembly
- Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701-2978, UNITED STATES
| | - David A Drabold
- Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701-2978, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pan Y, Xin Y, Li Y, Xu Z, Tang C, Liu X, Yin Y, Zhang J, Xu F, Li C, Mai Y. Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Cubosomes as an Efficient Electrocatalyst with High Accessibility of Internal Active Sites. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 38009536 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbon particles (PCPs) present considerable potential for applications across a wide range of fields, particularly within the realms of energy and catalysis. The control of their overall morphologies and pore structures has remained a big challenge. Here, using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the precursor and polymer cubosomes (PCs) as the template, nitrogen-doped carbon cubosomes (SP-NCs) with a single primitive bicontinuous architecture are prepared. SP-NCs inherit the high porosity of MOFs, generating a high specific surface area of 825 m2 g-1 and uniformly distributed active sites with a 5.9 at % nitrogen content. Thanks to the presence of three-dimensional continuous mesochannels that enable much higher accessibility of internal active sites over those of their porous counterparts' lack of continuous channels, SP-NCs exhibit superior electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction with a half-wave potential of 0.87 V, situating them in the leading level of the reported carbon electrocatalysts. Serving as an air cathode catalyst of the Zn-air battery, SP-NCs exhibit excellent performance, outperforming the commercial Pt/C catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yupeng Xin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chen Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yucheng Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fugui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Luján M, Leverett A, Winter K. Forty years of research into crassulacean acid metabolism in the genus Clusia: anatomy, ecophysiology and evolution. Ann Bot 2023; 132:739-752. [PMID: 36891814 PMCID: PMC10799992 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Clusia is the only genus containing dicotyledonous trees with a capacity to perform crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Since the discovery of CAM in Clusia 40 years ago, several studies have highlighted the extraordinary plasticity and diversity of life forms, morphology and photosynthetic physiology of this genus. In this review, we revisit aspects of CAM photosynthesis in Clusia and hypothesize about the timing, the environmental conditions and potential anatomical characteristics that led to the evolution of CAM in the group. We discuss the role of physiological plasticity in influencing species distribution and ecological amplitude in the group. We also explore patterns of allometry of leaf anatomical traits and their correlations with CAM activity. Finally, we identify opportunities for further research on CAM in Clusia, such as the role of elevated nocturnal accumulation of citric acid, and gene expression in C3-CAM intermediate phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Luján
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Alistair Leverett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wu W, Li P, Su W, Yan Z, Wang X, Xu S, Wei Y, Wu C. Polyaniline as a Nitrogen Source and Lignosulfonate as a Sulphur Source for the Preparation of the Porous Carbon Adsorption of Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4515. [PMID: 38231908 PMCID: PMC10708433 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Using agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials, adsorbent materials were prepared for dye adsorption in wastewater, which can minimize the environmental load and fully realize sustainability by treating waste with waste. Taking lignosulfonate as a raw material, due to its molecular structure having more reactive groups, it is easy to form composite materials via a chemical oxidation reaction with an aniline monomer. After that, using a sodium lignosulfonate/polyaniline composite as the precursor, the activated high-temperature pyrolysis process is used to prepare porous carbon materials with controllable morphology, structure, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen content, which opens up a new way for the preparation of functional carbon materials. When the prepared O-N-S co-doped activated carbon materials (SNC) were used as adsorbents, the adsorption study of cationic dye methylene blue was carried out, and the removal rate of SNC could reach up to 99.53% in a methylene blue solution with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, which was much higher than that of undoped lignocellulosic carbon materials, and the kinetic model conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption equilibrium amount of NC (lignosulfonate-free) and SNC reached 478.30 mg/g and 509.00 mg/g, respectively, at an initial concentration of 500 mg/L, which was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model, and the adsorption of methylene blue on the surface of the carbon material was a monomolecular layer. The adsorption of methylene blue dye on the carbon-based adsorbent was confirmed to be a spontaneous and feasible adsorption process by thermodynamic parameters. Finally, the adsorption of SNC on methylene blue, rhodamine B, Congo red, and methyl orange dyes were compared, and it was found that the material adsorbed cationic dyes better. Furthermore, we also studied the adsorption of SNC on different kinds of heavy metal ions and found that its adsorption selectivity is better for Cr3+ and Pb2+ ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (P.L.); (S.X.); (C.W.)
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Z.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Penghui Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (P.L.); (S.X.); (C.W.)
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Z.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wanting Su
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Z.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zifei Yan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Z.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xinyan Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Z.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Siyu Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (P.L.); (S.X.); (C.W.)
| | - Yumeng Wei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Z.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Caiwen Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (P.L.); (S.X.); (C.W.)
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Z.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Statnik ES, Cvjetinovic J, Ignatyev SD, Wassouf L, Salimon AI, Korsunsky AM. Hair-Reinforced Elastomer Matrix Composites: Formulation, Mechanical Testing, and Advanced Microstructural Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4448. [PMID: 38006172 PMCID: PMC10675470 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxy matrix composites reinforced with high-performance fibers, such as carbon, Kevlar, and glass, exhibit excellent specific stiffness and strength in many mechanical applications. However, these composites are disappointingly non-recyclable and are usually disposed of in landfill sites, with no realistic prospect for biodegradation in a reasonable time. In contrast, moldable composites with carbonized elastomeric matrices developed in the last decades possess attractive mechanical properties in final net-shape products and can also be incinerated or recycled. Many carbon and inorganic fillers have recently been evaluated to adjust the properties of carbonized elastomeric composites. Renewable organic fillers, such as human or animal hair, offer an attractive fibrous material with substantial potential for reinforcing composites with elastomeric matrices. Samples of unidirectional fiber composites (with hair volume fractions up to 7%) and quasi-isotropic short fiber composites (with hair volume fractions up to 20%) of human hair-reinforced nitrile butadiene rubbers (HH-NBRs) were produced in the peroxide-cured and carbonized states. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and photoacoustic microscopy. Mechanical tests were performed under tension using a miniature universal testing machine. The expected effect of fiber reinforcement on the overall mechanical performance was demonstrated for both cured and carbonized composites. Considerable enhancement of the elastic modulus (up to ten times), ultimate tensile strength (up to three times), and damage tolerance was achieved. The evidence of satisfactory interfacial bonding between hair and rubber was confirmed via SEM imaging of fracture surfaces. The suitability of photoacoustic microscopy was assessed for 3D reconstructions of the fiber sub-system's spatial distribution and non-destructive testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Loujain Wassouf
- Department of Physical Chemistry, NUST MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- «LUCh» Lab, NUST MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Trinity College, University of Oxford, Broad St., Oxford OX1 3BH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Baril X, Constant P. Carbon amendments in soil microcosms induce uneven response on H2 oxidation activity and microbial community composition. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad159. [PMID: 38040657 PMCID: PMC10716739 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High-affinity H2-oxidizing bacteria (HA-HOB) thriving in soil are responsible for the most important sink of atmospheric H2. Their activity increases with soil organic carbon content, but the incidence of different carbohydrate fractions on the process has received little attention. Here we tested the hypothesis that carbon amendments impact HA-HOB activity and diversity differentially depending on their recalcitrance and their concentration. Carbon sources (sucrose, starch, cellulose) and application doses (0, 0.1, 1, 3, 5% Ceq soildw-1) were manipulated in soil microcosms. Only 0.1% Ceq soildw-1 cellulose treatment stimulated the HA-HOB activity. Sucrose amendments induced the most significant changes, with an abatement of 50% activity at 1% Ceq soildw-1. This was accompanied with a loss of bacterial and fungal alpha diversity and a reduction of high-affinity group 1 h/5 [NiFe]-hydrogenase gene (hhyL) abundance. A quantitative classification framework was elaborated to assign carbon preference traits to 16S rRNA gene, ITS and hhyL genotypes. The response was uneven at the taxonomic level, making carbon preference a difficult trait to predict. Overall, the results suggest that HA-HOB activity is more susceptible to be stimulated by low doses of recalcitrant carbon, while labile carbon-rich environment is an unfavorable niche for HA-HOB, inducing catabolic repression of hydrogenase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Baril
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Philippe Constant
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang P, Meng S, Bao G, Li Y, Feng X, Lu H, Ma J, Wei X, Liu W. Effect of Epichloë Endophyte on the Growth and Carbon Allocation of Its Host Plant Stipa purpurea under Hemiparasitic Root Stress. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2761. [PMID: 38004772 PMCID: PMC10673280 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epichloë endophytes not only affect the growth and resistance of their host plants but also confer nutrient benefits to parasitized hosts. In this study, we used Pedicularis kansuensis to parasitize Stipa purpurea, both with and without endophytic fungi, and to establish a parasitic system. In this study, endophytic fungal infection was found to increase the dry weight of the leaf, stem, and leaf sheath, as well as the plant height, root length, tiller number, aboveground biomass, and underground biomass of S. purpurea under root hemiparasitic stress. Meanwhile, the 13C allocation of the leaf sheaths and roots of S. purpurea increased as the density of P. kansuensis increased, while the 13C allocation of the leaf sheaths and roots of E+ S. purpurea was lower than that of E- S. purpurea. The 13C allocation of the stem, leaf sheath, and root of E+ S. purpurea was higher than that of its E- counterpart. Furthermore, the content of photosynthetic 13C and the 13C partition rate of the stems, leaves, roots, and entire plant of S. purpurea and P. kansuensis transferred from S. purpurea increased as the density of P. kansuensis increased. These results will generate new insights into the potential role of symbiotic microorganisms in regulating the interaction between root hemiparasites and their hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Siyu Meng
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Gensheng Bao
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiaoyun Feng
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Hainian Lu
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Jingjuan Ma
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiaoxing Wei
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Xining 810016, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Xining 810016, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Watson JA, Klupiec C, Bindloss J, Morin M. The path to Net Zero carbon emissions for veterinary practice. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1240765. [PMID: 38026651 PMCID: PMC10657863 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1240765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Paris Agreement is a compelling reason for the entire veterinary profession to act on climate change because of its impact on animal health. The aim of this perspective is to provide a business framework that veterinary practices can use to implement the path to Net Zero carbon emissions. Practice management is identified as a key stakeholder capable of implementing significant change within the sector. Climate related business opportunities and challenges are identified and integrated into a stepwise process for practices to follow. The pathway requires establishing a culture of sustainability within the veterinary team, measuring and reporting emissions, setting targets and systematically prioritizing reductions. Practices can begin this process immediately by reducing emissions under direct control of the business (Scope 1) and emissions from electricity purchases (Scope 2). To complete the pathway, emissions from all other activities (Scope 3) will need to be reduced and offset. Reduction of Scope 3 emissions is more challenging and will require collaboration between all supply chain stakeholders. The progression of climate change is now inevitable and a proactive approach from veterinary leaders, in particular practice management, will provide new opportunities, manage risks and inspire the broader veterinary sector to join their efforts to achieve a better future for animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane Bindloss
- SANE Veterinary Management, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mariane Morin
- Thornbury Veterinary Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Thomas ELH, Stritt J, Mandal S, Imboden M, Williams OA. Polycrystalline Diamond Micro-Hotplates. Small 2023; 19:e2303976. [PMID: 37530208 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Micro-hotplate structures are increasingly being investigated for use in a host of applications ranging from broadband infra-red sources within absorption-based gas sensors to in situ heater stages for ultra-high-resolution imaging. With devices usually fabricated from a conductive electrode placed on top of a freestanding radiator element, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatches between layers and electro-migration within the heating element typically lead to failure upon exceeding temperatures of 1600 K. In an attempt to mitigate such issues, a series of hotplates of varying geometry have been fabricated from a single layer of mechanically robust, high thermal conductivity, and low CTE boron-doped polycrystalline diamond. Upon testing under high vacuum conditions and characterization of the emission spectra, the resulting devices are shown to exhibit a grey-body like emission response and reach temperatures vastly in excess of conventional geometries of up to 2731 K at applied powers of ⩽100 mW. Characterization of the thermalization time meanwhile demonstrates rapid millisecond response times, while Raman spectroscopy reveals the performance of the devices is dictated by cumulative graphitization at elevated temperatures. As such, both diamond and sp2 carbon are shown to be promising materials for the fabrication of next-generation micro-hotplates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan L H Thomas
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Jaspa Stritt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Soumen Mandal
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | | | - Oliver A Williams
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Biru FN, Cazzonelli CI, Elbaum R, Johnson SN. Silicon-mediated herbivore defence in a pasture grass under reduced and Anthropocene levels of CO 2. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1268043. [PMID: 38023935 PMCID: PMC10646432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1268043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The uptake and accumulation of silicon (Si) in grass plants play a crucial role in alleviating both biotic and abiotic stresses. Si supplementation has been reported to increase activity of defence-related antioxidant enzyme, which helps to reduce oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) following herbivore attack. Atmospheric CO2 levels are known to affect Si accumulation in grasses; reduced CO2 concentrations increase Si accumulation whereas elevated CO2 concentrations often decrease Si accumulation. This can potentially affect antioxidant enzyme activity and subsequently insect herbivory, but this remains untested. We examined the effects of Si supplementation and herbivory by Helicoverpa armigera on antioxidant enzyme (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activity in tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea) grown under CO2 concentrations of 200, 410, and 640 ppm representing reduced, ambient, and elevated CO2 levels, respectively. We also quantified foliar Si, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) concentrations and determined how changes in enzymes and elemental chemistry affected H. armigera relative growth rates and plant consumption. Rising CO2 concentrations increased plant mass and foliar C but decreased foliar N and Si. Si supplementation enhanced APX and SOD activity under the ranging CO2 regimes. Si accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity were at their highest level under reduced CO2 conditions and their lowest level under future levels of CO2. The latter corresponded with increased herbivore growth rates and plant consumption, suggesting that some grasses could become more susceptible to herbivory under projected CO2 conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fikadu N. Biru
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Rivka Elbaum
- R H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Scott N. Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wei S, Li W, Ma Z, Deng X, Li Y, Wang X. Novel Bismuth Nanoflowers Encapsulated in N-Doped Carbon Frameworks as Superb Composite Anodes for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries. Small 2023; 19:e2304265. [PMID: 37469204 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth (Bi) has attracted attention as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to its suitable potential and high theoretical capacity. However, the large volumetric changes during cycling leads to severe degradation of electrochemical performance and limits its practical application. Herein, Bi nanoflowers are encapsulated in N-doped carbon frameworks to construct a novel Bi@NC composite via a facile solvothermal method and carbonization strategy. The well-designed composite structure endows the Bi@NC with uniformly dispersed Bi nanoflowers to alleviate the attenuation while the N-doped carbon frameworks improve the conductivity and ion transport of the whole electrode. As for sodium-ion half-cell, the electrode exhibits a high specific capacity (384.8 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 ) and excellent rate performance (341.5 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1 ), and the capacity retention rate still remains at 94.9% after 5000 cycles at 10 A g-1 . Furthermore, the assembled full-cell with Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 cathode and Bi@NC anode can deliver a high capacity of 251.5 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 , and its capacity attenuates only 0.009% in each cycle after 2000 times at 5.0 A g-1 . This work offers a convenient, low-cost, and eco-friendliness approach for high-performance electrodes in the field of sodium ion electrochemical storage technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Wei
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Energy Electrochemistry, Institute of New Carbon Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Energy Electrochemistry, Institute of New Carbon Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zizai Ma
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiaoyang Deng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Energy Electrochemistry, Institute of New Carbon Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Energy Electrochemistry, Institute of New Carbon Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| |
Collapse
|