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Tomoo K, Szramowski M, Pinal R, Meyer JM, Zhang Y, Murray-Kolb LE, Henderson GC. Albumin is an important factor in the control of serum free fatty acid flux in both male and female mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1065-1075. [PMID: 38482577 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00894.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Albumin knockout (Alb-/-) mice exhibit a low plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, but it was not known if the suppressed concentration reflects a lower rate of appearance (Ra) of FFA in the circulation (i.e., lower FFA flux) or if the absence of albumin alters the relationship between FFA flux and concentration. For understanding the role of albumin in FFA transport through the bloodstream, it is not sufficient to rely on FFA concentration data alone. Therefore, we developed a method to study FFA kinetics in Alb-/- mice. Using an albumin-free formulation of [U-13C]palmitate tracer, serum FFA kinetics were tested in Alb-/- and wild-type (WT) mice. Results indicate that the flux of FFA in serum of Alb-/- mice was significantly lower than in WT mice (P < 0.05), while albumin deficiency did not alter the relationship between FFA flux and concentration. Next, to test if suppressed lipolysis might have also been involved in the suppressed FFA kinetics, gene expression of a lipolytic enzyme (adipose triglyceride lipase, Atgl) and a marker of lipolysis (phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase, p-HSL) were measured in adipose tissue. In contrast to the low FFA flux in Alb-/-, both Atgl gene expression and p-HSL protein were significantly higher in adipose tissue of Alb-/- than in WT mice (P < 0.05). Thus, the low FFA flux in Alb-/- appeared to be driven by the absence of albumin's FFA binding functions rather than through regulation of lipolysis, indicating that albumin is an important factor in determining the flux of FFA in circulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To improve understanding of the albumin protein's function in vivo, we tested plasma free fatty acid kinetics in albumin knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Using a new tracer formulation strategy, it was discovered that the appearance rate of free fatty acids in serum is lower in albumin knockout mice than in wild-type mice. The results indicate that albumin is a major controller of free fatty acid kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Tomoo
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Mirandia Szramowski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Rodolfo Pinal
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Juliauna M Meyer
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Gregory C Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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Dumont L, Caron A, Richard G, Croteau E, Fortin M, Frisch F, Phoenix S, Dubreuil S, Guérin B, Turcotte ÉE, Carpentier AC, Blondin DP. The effects of the β 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist bisoprolol administration on mirabegron-stimulated human brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14127. [PMID: 38502056 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM Pharmacological stimulation of human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been hindered by ineffective activation or undesirable off-target effects. Oral administration of the maximal allowable dose of mirabegron (200 mg), a β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist, has been effective in stimulating BAT thermogenesis and whole-body energy expenditure. However, this has been accompanied by undesirable cardiovascular effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining mirabegron with a β1-AR antagonist could suppress these unwanted effects and increase the stimulation of the β3-AR and β2-AR in BAT. METHODS We performed a randomized crossover trial (NCT04823442) in 8 lean men. Mirabegron (200 mg) was administered orally with or without the β1-AR antagonist bisoprolol (10 mg). Dynamic [11C]-acetate and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose PET/CT scans were performed sequentially after oral administration of mirabegron ± bisoprolol. RESULTS Compared to room temperature, mirabegron alone increased BAT oxidative metabolism (0.84 ± 0.46 vs. 1.79 ± 0.91 min-1, p = 0.0433), but not when combined with bisoprolol. The metabolic rate of glucose in BAT, measured using [18F]FDG PET, was significantly higher with mirabegron than mirabegron with bisoprolol (24 ± 10 vs. 16 ± 8 nmol/g/min, p = 0.0284). Bisoprolol inhibited the mirabegron-induced increase in systolic blood pressure and heart rate. CONCLUSION The administration of bisoprolol decreases the adverse cardiovascular effects of mirabegron. However, the provided dose also blunted the mirabegron-stimulated increase in BAT lipolysis, thermogenesis, and glucose uptake. The attenuation in BAT blood flow induced by the large dose of bisoprolol may have limited BAT thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauralyne Dumont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Richard
- Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Etienne Croteau
- Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Fortin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Frisch
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Dubreuil
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric E Turcotte
- Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Liu X, Fan K, Lu Y, Zhao H, Rao Q, Geng H, Chen Y, Rogers KM, Song W. Assessing Seasonal Effects on Identification of Cultivation Methods of Short-Growth Cycle Brassica chinensis L. Using IRMS and NIRS. Foods 2024; 13:1165. [PMID: 38672838 PMCID: PMC11049375 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal (temporal) variations can influence the δ13C, δ2H, δ18O, and δ15N values and nutrient composition of organic (ORG), green (GRE), and conventional (CON) vegetables with a short growth cycle. Stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method were used to investigate seasonal effects on the identification of ORG, GRE, and CON Brassica chinensis L. samples (BCs). The results showed that δ15N values had significant differences among the three cultivation methods and that δ13C, δ2H, and δ18O values were significantly higher in winter and spring and lower in summer. The NIR spectra were relatively clustered across seasons. Neither IRMS-PLS-DA nor NIRS-PLS-DA could effectively identify all BC cultivation methods due to seasonal effects, while IRMS-NIRS-PLS-DA combined with Norris smoothing and derivative pretreatment had better predictive abilities, with an 89.80% accuracy for ORG and BCs, 88.89% for ORG and GRE BCs, and 75.00% for GRE and CON BCs. The IRMS-NIRS-PLS-DA provided an effective and robust method to identify BC cultivation methods, integrating multi-seasonal differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.F.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.R.); (H.G.); (Y.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.F.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.R.); (H.G.); (Y.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.F.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.R.); (H.G.); (Y.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.F.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.R.); (H.G.); (Y.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.F.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.R.); (H.G.); (Y.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.F.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.R.); (H.G.); (Y.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yijiao Chen
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.F.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.R.); (H.G.); (Y.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Karyne Maree Rogers
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, 30 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.F.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.R.); (H.G.); (Y.C.)
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
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Guo Q, Lu X, Xie C, Zhang J, Xu X, Qian Y, Luo X, Duan Y. Trophic Niche Differentiation in Two Sympatric Nuthatch Species ( Sitta yunnanensis and Sitta nagaensis). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1146. [PMID: 38672294 PMCID: PMC11047393 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sympatric closely related species may experience interspecific trophic competition due to ecological similarity; they may isolate in terms of diet or habitat use as a strategy to avoid competition. The body tissues of consumers contain stable isotope signatures information that can be applied to infer their dietary information. In this study, δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes were analyzed to determine the dietary information and trophic niches of sympatric coexisting Sitta yunnanensis and Sitta nagaensis. The results showed that the food sources of S. yunnanensis and S. nagaensis were from six orders, including Orthoptera, and the cumulative contribution rate was 99.97%, with the two species eating similar diets but at different rates. The larger δ13C of S. yunnanensis indicates that it had a wider range of habitats for feeding, while the difference in δ15N values was not significant (p > 0.05), indicating that both species feed on similar nutrient levels. As determined by Bayesian ellipses, the isotopic niches of S. yunnanensis and S. nagaensis were differentiated; the isotopic niche width of S. yunnanensis is 2.69‱2, which was larger than that of S. nagaensis (0.73‱2), indicates that differentiation between the two species in diet or habitat use reduced competition. Trophic niche differentiation and differences in foraging proportions may be the principal resource allocation mechanisms behind S. yunnanensis and S. nagaensis coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.G.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Xi Lu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.G.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Chongxin Xie
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.G.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xianyin Xu
- Administration of Zixi Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve, Chuxiong 675008, China
| | - Yuhan Qian
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Xu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.G.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yubao Duan
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.G.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.X.); (Y.Q.)
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Vander Zanden HB, Nelson DM, Conkling TJ, Allison TD, Diffendorfer JE, Dietsch TV, Fesnock AL, Loss SR, Ortiz PA, Paulman R, Rogers KH, Sanzenbacher PM, Katzner TE. The geographic extent of bird populations affected by renewable-energy development. Conserv Biol 2024; 38:e14191. [PMID: 38180844 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Bird populations are declining globally. Wind and solar energy can reduce emissions of fossil fuels that drive anthropogenic climate change, yet renewable-energy production represents a potential threat to bird species. Surveys to assess potential effects at renewable-energy facilities are exclusively local, and the geographic extent encompassed by birds killed at these facilities is largely unknown, which creates challenges for minimizing and mitigating the population-level and cumulative effects of these fatalities. We performed geospatial analyses of stable hydrogen isotope data obtained from feathers of 871 individuals of 24 bird species found dead at solar- and wind-energy facilities in California (USA). Most species had individuals with a mix of origins, ranging from 23% to 98% nonlocal. Mean minimum distances to areas of likely origin for nonlocal individuals were as close as 97 to >1250 km, and these minimum distances were larger for species found at solar-energy facilities in deserts than at wind-energy facilities in grasslands (Cohen's d = 6.5). Fatalities were drawn from an estimated 30-100% of species' desingated ranges, and this percentage was significantly smaller for species with large ranges found at wind facilities (Pearson's r = -0.67). Temporal patterns in the geographic origin of fatalities suggested that migratory movements and nonmigratory movements, such as dispersal and nomadism, influence exposure to fatality risk for these birds. Our results illustrate the power of using stable isotope data to assess the geographic extent of renewable-energy fatalities on birds. As the buildout of renewable-energy facilities continues, accurate assessment of the geographic footprint of wildlife fatalities can be used to inform compensatory mitigation for their population-level and cumulative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B Vander Zanden
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - David M Nelson
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Tara J Conkling
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Taber D Allison
- Renewable Energy Wildlife Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jay E Diffendorfer
- Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas V Dietsch
- Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Amy L Fesnock
- Bureau of Land Management, Palm Springs, California, USA
| | - Scott R Loss
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Patricia A Ortiz
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Boise, Idaho, USA
- Pacific Region Migratory Birds and Habitat Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Robin Paulman
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Krysta H Rogers
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, California, USA
| | - Peter M Sanzenbacher
- Palm Springs Fish and Wildlife Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Palm Springs, California, USA
| | - Todd E Katzner
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Boise, Idaho, USA
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Paoletti A, Pencharz PB, Rafii M, Tomlinson C, Kong D, Xu L, Elango R, Courtney-Martin G. Protein intake affects erythrocyte glutathione synthesis in healthy adults aged ≥60 years in a repeated-measures trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:917-926. [PMID: 38325765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein recommendations for older adults are based on nitrogen balance data from young adults. Physiological studies using the indicator amino acid oxidation method suggest they need 30% to 50% more protein than current recommendations. We herein present glutathione (GSH) as a physiological estimate of protein adequacy in older adults. OBJECTIVES The objective was to measure GSH kinetics in response to varying protein intakes in a repeated-measures design in healthy adults aged ≥60 y using the precursor-product method. METHODS Sixteen healthy older adults (n = 8 male and n = 8 female; body mass index ≤30 kg/m2) were studied. Each received 4 of 6 protein intakes in random order (0.66, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 g⋅kg-1⋅d-1). At each intake level, participants underwent isotope infusion studies of 7 h duration following a 3-d adaptation to the test level of protein. On the fourth day, GSH fractional (FSR) and absolute synthesis (ASR) rates were quantified by measuring the incorporation of U-[13C2-15N]glycine into GSH at isotopic steady state. A mixed-effect change-point regression model was used to determine a breakpoint in FSR and ASR. Secondary outcomes included plasma concentrations of oxidative stress markers, homocysteine, 5-L-oxoproline (5-OP), and urinary sulfate. The effect of secondary outcomes on GSH kinetics was analyzed using a joint linear mixed-effect model and Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS A protein intake of 1.08 g⋅kg-1⋅d-1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83, 1.32; Rm2 = 0.207; Rc2 = 0.671; P < 0.001) maximized GSH FSR. There was no effect of protein intake on concentrations of erythrocyte GSH, plasma homocysteine, oxidative stress markers, or 5-OP (P > 0.05). Protein intake had a positive effect on urinary sulfate excretion (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION A protein intake of 1.08 g⋅kg-1⋅d-1 from a high-quality protein maximized GSH synthesis in adults ≥60 y. This lends support to data suggesting a requirement higher than the current recommendation. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02971046.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Paoletti
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul B Pencharz
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahroukh Rafii
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Tomlinson
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dehan Kong
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Libai Xu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rajavel Elango
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Glenda Courtney-Martin
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Hruby Weston A, Teixeira IAMA, Yoder PS, Pilonero T, Hanigan MD. Valine and nonessential amino acids affect bidirectional transport rates of leucine and isoleucine in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2026-2046. [PMID: 37863296 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A more complete understanding of the mechanisms controlling AA transport in mammary glands of dairy cattle will help identify solutions to increase nitrogen feeding efficiency on farms. It was hypothesized that Ala, Gln, and Gly (NEAAG), which are actively transported into cells and exchanged for all branched-chain AA (BCAA), may stimulate transport of BCAA, and that Val may antagonize transport of the other BCAA due to transporter competition. Thus, we evaluated the effects of varying concentrations of NEAAG and Val on transport and metabolism of the BCAA Ala, Met, Phe, and Thr by bovine mammary epithelial cells. Primary cultures of bovine mammary epithelial cells were assigned to treatments of low (70% of mean in vivo plasma concentrations of lactating dairy cows) and high (200%) concentrations of Val and NEAAG (LVal and LNEAAG, HVal and HNEAAG, respectively) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Cells were preloaded with treatment media containing [15N]-labeled AA for 24 h. The [15N]-labeled media were replaced with treatment media containing [13C]-labeled AA. Media and cells were harvested from plates at 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 240 min after application of the [13C]-labeled AA and assessed for [15N]- and [13C]-AA label concentrations. The data were used to derive transport, transamination, irreversible loss, and protein-synthesis fluxes. All Val fluxes, except synthesis of rapidly exchanging tissue protein, increased with the HVal treatment. Interestingly, the rapidly exchanging tissue protein, transamination, and irreversible-loss rate constants decreased with HVal, indicating that the significant flux increases were primarily driven by mass action with the cells resisting the flux increases by downregulating activity. However, the decreases could also reflect saturation of processes that would drive down the mass-action rate constants. This is supported by decreases in the same rate constants for Ile and Leu with HVal. This could be due to either competition for shared transamination and oxidation reactions or a reduction in enzymatic activity. Also, NEAAG did not affect Val fluxes, but influx and efflux rate constants increased for both Val and Leu with HNEAAG, indicating an activating substrate effect. Overall, AA transport rates generally responded concordantly with extracellular concentrations, indicating the transporters are not substrate-saturated within the in vivo range. However, BCAA transamination and oxidation enzymes may be approaching saturation within in vivo ranges. In addition, System L transport activity appeared to be stimulated by as much as 75% with high intracellular concentrations of Ala, Gln, and Gly. High concentrations of Val antagonized transport activity of Ile and Leu by 68% and 15%, respectively, indicating competitive inhibition, but this was only observable at HNEAAG concentrations. The exchange transporters of System L transport 8 of the essential AA that make up approximately 40% of milk protein, so better understanding this transporter is an important step for increased efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hruby Weston
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060.
| | - I A M A Teixeira
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Twin Falls, ID 83303-1827
| | - P S Yoder
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Perdue AgriBusiness LLC, Salisbury, MD 21804
| | - T Pilonero
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - M D Hanigan
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060
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Qian J, Hu T, Xiong H, Cao X, Liu F, Gosnell KJ, Xie M, Chen R, Tan QG. Turbid Waters and Clearer Standards: Refining Water Quality Criteria for Coastal Environments by Encompassing Metal Bioavailability from Suspended Particles. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:5244-5254. [PMID: 38466635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) carries a major fraction of metals in turbid coastal waters, markedly influencing metal bioaccumulation and posing risks to marine life. However, its effects are often overlooked in current water quality criteria for metals, primarily due to challenges in quantifying SPM's contribution. This contribution depends on the SPM concentration, metal distribution coefficients (Kd), and the bioavailability of SPM-bound metals (assimilation efficiency, AE), which can collectively be integrated as a modifying factor (MF). Accordingly, we developed a new stable isotope method to measure metal AE by individual organisms from SPM, employing the widely distributed filter-feeding clam Ruditapes philippinarum as a representative species. Assessing SPM from 23 coastal sites in China, we found average AEs of 42% for Zn, 26% for Cd, 20% for Cu, 8% for Ni, and 6% for Pb. Moreover, using stable isotope methods, we determined metal Kd of SPM from these sites, which can be well predicted by the total organic carbon and iron content (R2 = 0.977). We calculated MFs using a Monte Carlo method. The calculated MFs are in the range 9.9-43 for Pb, 8.5-37 for Zn, 2.9-9.7 for Cu, 1.4-2.7 for Ni, and 1.1-1.6 for Cd, suggesting that dissolved-metal-based criteria values should be divided by MFs to provide adequate protection to aquatic life. This study provides foundational guidelines to refine water quality criteria in turbid waters and protect coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Tingsheng Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Haiyan Xiong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Fengjie Liu
- Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Minwei Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Qiao-Guo Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel D-24148, Germany
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Brenning M, Longstaffe FJ, Fraser D. Variation in stable carbon (δ 13C) and nitrogen (δ 15N) isotope compositions along antlers of Qamanirjuaq caribou ( Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus). Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11006. [PMID: 38500863 PMCID: PMC10945312 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Annual antler growth begins in the spring and is completed by late summer for male caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) from the Qamanirjuaq herd (Nunavut, Canada), aligned with both the spring migration and a seasonal dietary shift. Antlers may provide a non-lethal means of studying short- and long-term changes in caribou ecology through incorporated isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). We sampled the antlers of 12 male caribou from the Qamanirjuaq herd culled in September 1967. We predicted that serial sampling of antlers would reflect the known seasonal dietary change from lichen to grass-like and shrub diet based on rumen contents from individuals culled during the same period. The δ13C and δ15N were analyzed in food sources and every 3 cm along each antler's length. The carbon isotope compositions of collagen (δ13Ccol) varied by ~0.5‰ among individuals and within antlers, while the carbon isotope compositions of antler bioapatite (δ13CCO3) increased by 1-1.5‰ from pedicle to tip. Values of δ15Ncol increased within antlers by 1-3‰ from pedicle to tip and varied by 3‰ among the individuals sampled. Antler collagen was lower in δ15Ncol by ~1‰ relative to bone collagen. Bayesian mixing models were conducted to test for changes in dietary proportions from antler isotope compositions. Mixing models did not indicate significant dietary shifts for any individual during antler formation, showing consistently mixed diets of fungi, horsetail, lichen, and woody plants. Increases in δ15Ncol in antler tissue could, therefore, correspond to subtle seasonal dietary changes and/or the physiological stress of antler tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brenning
- Department of Earth SciencesCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- PalaeobiologyCanadian Museum of NatureOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Fred J. Longstaffe
- Department of Earth SciencesThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Danielle Fraser
- Department of Earth SciencesCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- PalaeobiologyCanadian Museum of NatureOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of PaleobiologySmithsonian National Museum of Natural HistoryWashingtonDCUSA
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10
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Chen MM, Liao QH, Qian LL, Zou HD, Li YL, Song Y, Xia Y, Liu Y, Liu HY, Liu ZL. Effects of Geographical Origin and Tree Age on the Stable Isotopes and Multi-Elements of Pu-erh Tea. Foods 2024; 13:473. [PMID: 38338610 PMCID: PMC10855849 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pu-erh tea is a famous tea worldwide, and identification of the geographical origin of Pu-erh tea can not only protect manufacture's interests, but also boost consumers' confidence. However, tree age may also influence the fingerprints of Pu-erh tea. In order to study the effects of the geographical origin and tree age on the interactions of stable isotopes and multi-elements of Pu-erh tea, 53 Pu-erh tea leaves with three different age stages from three different areas in Yunnan were collected in 2023. The δ13C, δ15N values and 25 elements were determined and analyzed. The results showed that δ13C, δ15N, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu had significant differences among different geographical origins (p < 0.05). Mn content was significantly influenced by region and tree age interaction. Based on multi-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis and step-wised discriminant analysis, 24 parameters were found to be closely related to the geographical origin rather than tree age, and the geographical origin of Pu-erh tea can be 100.0% discriminated in cross-validation with six parameters (δ13C, δ15N, Mn, Mg, La, and Tb). The study could provide references for the establishment of a database for the traceability of Pu-erh tea, and even the identification of tea sample regions with different tree ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Chen
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Qiu-Hong Liao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Li-Li Qian
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Hai-Dan Zou
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan-Long Li
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Song
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Xia
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ze-Long Liu
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102488, China
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11
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Ding L, Ding C, Tao J, Avigliano E, Shipley ON, Tang B, Chen J, Liu X, Sun J, He D. MFishBT: A global database of biogeochemical tags in migratory fish. Ecology 2024; 105:e4211. [PMID: 38010728 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Humans have long been fascinated by the mysteries surrounding fish migrations and addressing these complex behaviors often requires large data sets. Biogeochemical tags, including trace elements and stable isotopes, are the most accessible biomarkers for tracking fish migrations. However, access to standardized biogeochemical tag data is rarely available for migratory fish, which limits our understanding of the evolutionary origins, drivers, timing, and corridors of migration. This precludes the development of conservation strategies and the implementation of management actions. Here, we present MFishBT, a global, open-access database of Migratory Fish's Biogeochemical Tags. As of April 2023, the MFishBT contains biogeochemical records from 1,305 studies, of which 53% used element-to-calcium (E/Ca) ratios, 34% used isotopic ratios, and 13% used both. The database covers 17,413 field sampling locations (inland 47% vs. marine 53%) around the globe, comprising 490 migratory fish species of four classes, 44 orders/suborders, and 137 families. In total, 77 trace elements and 11 isotope systems were measured across various fish biological archives, including otoliths, scales, eye lenses, and vertebrae. E/Ca ratios were examined more frequently than isotopic ratios, led by Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca, and 87 Sr/86 Sr, δ13 C, and δ18 O. The MFishBT compiles 27,030, 16,222, and 2,481,714 records with biogeochemical data detected in the core, edge, and core-to-edge transects for biological archives of migratory fish. This is the most globally comprehensive open-access database on biogeochemical tags in migratory fish to date, and can serve a variety of needs in scientific research, conservation, and management. We encourage researchers to add more data sets to this database in the future. This database is released for noncommercial use only. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyong Ding
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chengzhi Ding
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Yunnan Plateau Indigenous Fish, Kunming, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Eco-Security of Southwest, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Eco-Security of Southwest, Kunming, China
| | - Esteban Avigliano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA-CONICET-UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oliver N Shipley
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Bangli Tang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingrui Sun
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Daming He
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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12
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Byrd AJ, Talbott KM, Smiley TM, Verrett TB, Gross MS, Hladik ML, Ketterson ED, Becker DJ. Determinants of spring migration departure dates in a New World sparrow: Weather variables reign supreme. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10874. [PMID: 38390000 PMCID: PMC10883105 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous factors influence the timing of spring migration in birds, yet the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic variables on migration initiation remains unclear. To test for interactions among weather, migration distance, parasitism, and physiology in determining spring departure date, we used the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) as a model migratory species known to harbor diverse and common haemosporidian parasites. Prior to spring migration departure from their wintering grounds in Indiana, USA, we quantified the intrinsic variables of fat, body condition (i.e., mass ~ tarsus residuals), physiological stress (i.e., ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes), cellular immunity (i.e., leukocyte composition and total count), migration distance (i.e., distance to the breeding grounds) using stable isotopes of hydrogen from feathers, and haemosporidian parasite intensity. We then attached nanotags to determine the timing of spring migration departure date using the Motus Wildlife Tracking System. We used additive Cox proportional hazard mixed models to test how risk of spring migratory departure was predicted by the combined intrinsic measures, along with meteorological predictors on the evening of departure (i.e., average wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and temperature). Model comparisons found that the best predictor of spring departure date was average nightly wind direction and a principal component combining relative humidity and temperature. Juncos were more likely to depart for spring migration on nights with largely southwestern winds and on warmer and drier evenings (relative to cooler and more humid evenings). Our results indicate that weather conditions at take-off are more critical to departure decisions than the measured physiological and parasitism variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Byrd
- Environmental Resilience Institute Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA
| | | | - Tara M Smiley
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA
| | - Taylor B Verrett
- School of Biological Sciences University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA
| | - Michael S Gross
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center Sacramento California USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center Sacramento California USA
| | - Ellen D Ketterson
- Environmental Resilience Institute Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Daniel J Becker
- School of Biological Sciences University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA
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13
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Mychajliw AM, Adams AJ, Brown KC, Campbell BT, Hardesty-Moore M, Welch ZS, Page HM, Southon JR, Cooper SD, Alagona PS. Coupled social and ecological change drove the historical extinction of the California grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos californicus). Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20230921. [PMID: 38196370 PMCID: PMC10777157 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Large carnivores (order Carnivora) are among the world's most threatened mammals due to a confluence of ecological and social forces that have unfolded over centuries. Combining specimens from natural history collections with documents from archival records, we reconstructed the factors surrounding the extinction of the California grizzly bear (Ursus arctos californicus), a once-abundant brown bear subspecies last seen in 1924. Historical documents portrayed California grizzlies as massive hypercarnivores that endangered public safety. Yet, morphological measurements on skulls and teeth generate smaller body size estimates in alignment with extant North American grizzly populations (approx. 200 kg). Stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) of pelts and bones (n = 57) revealed that grizzlies derived less than 10% of their nutrition from terrestrial animal sources and were therefore largely herbivorous for millennia prior to the first European arrival in this region in 1542. Later colonial land uses, beginning in 1769 with the Mission era, led grizzlies to moderately increase animal protein consumption (up to 26% of diet), but grizzlies still consumed far less livestock than otherwise claimed by contemporary accounts. We show how human activities can provoke short-term behavioural shifts, such as heightened levels of carnivory, that in turn can lead to exaggerated predation narratives and incentivize persecution, triggering rapid loss of an otherwise widespread and ecologically flexible animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Mychajliw
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA
- Environmental Studies Program, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA
- La Brea Tar Pits & Museum, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J. Adams
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kevin C. Brown
- Environmental Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Beau T. Campbell
- Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Molly Hardesty-Moore
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Zoë S. Welch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Henry M. Page
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - John R. Southon
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Scott D. Cooper
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Peter S. Alagona
- Environmental Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Chapman OS, McLean BS. Seasonal and sex-specific changes in the gastrointestinal tracts of Peromyscus maniculatus. J Mammal 2023; 104:1364-1376. [PMID: 38059007 PMCID: PMC10697414 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional traits are phenotypic characteristics that contribute to fitness of individuals in dynamic and changing environments. In mammals, both categorical and continuous (e.g., quantitative) functional traits have been extensively utilized as proxies for diet, locomotion, and other aspects of species ecology, but there has been less focus on form and function of soft tissues. This is particularly true for the digestive system, which varies in size and complexity across Class Mammalia and plays a major role in the energetics of species. To guide more effective utilization of gastrointestinal (GI) morphology as a functional proxy in small mammal ecology, we examined how GI tracts (lengths and masses of four GI sections) varied within a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, United States. We collected samples of adult P. maniculatus monthly for 1 year and measured GI tracts to quantify variation with respect to seasonality and trophic level, providing insight into plasticity in this soft tissue trait over time. We found that season had a significant effect on the total length and wet mass of the GI tract, with January mice having the longest GI tracts and lengths being shortest in the summer. The relative shortening of the GI tract in summer corresponded with a partial trophic increase detected by stable isotope signatures. GI length and wet mass also were affected by reproduction, but males and females responded in sex-specific ways to demands of reproduction, with reproductively active males having shorter and lighter GI tracts than nonreproductively active males. Our study provides proof-of-concept for understanding population-level plasticity in a rarely collected soft tissue trait, which may also be complementary to standard craniodental measurements as a functional dietary proxy to understand mammalian ecology and community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Chapman
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 325 McIver Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, USA
| | - Bryan S McLean
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 325 McIver Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, USA
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Kosintsev PA. Collagen Contents of 13С and 15N Isotopes in Bones of Small Cave Bear Ursus (Spelaearctos) rossicus Borissiak, 1930 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from Western Siberia. Dokl Biol Sci 2023; 513:S33-S36. [PMID: 38190039 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The 13C and 15N isotope contents in collagen were determined in bones of the small cave bear Ursus (Spelaearctos) rossicus Borissiak, 1930 from three regions of Western Siberia. The bones dated back to marine isotope stage (MIS) 3 and belonged to mature males and females. Some of the samples differed only in δ15N. Bears of all samples were from the same trophic level. Trophic shifts were observed between females and males in one region and between males of two regions. The small cave bear of Western Siberia differed from the small cave bear of the Southern Urals in leading a much more predatory lifestyle. The extent of differences between the Ural and Siberian bears corresponded to different trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Kosintsev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
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16
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Li JJ, Zhang XP, Xiao X, Zhang CC, Wang R, Dai JJ, Luo ZD, Liu N. [Mean transit time of water bodies in a typical soil-plant-atmosphere continuum of the subtropical monsoon region]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:3184-3194. [PMID: 38511356 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202312.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The mean transit time (MTT) is a good indicator of water cycle processes. We know little about the MTT of different water bodies within the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) in the subtropical monsoon region. We estimated the MTT of stratified soil water at different depths as well as the xylem water and leaf water in typical Cinnamomum camphora woodland located in Changsha City from March 2017 to October 2019. The main methods used in this study included the stable isotope technology, the linear mixed model and the sine wave fitting method. The results showed that the stable isotopes were more depleted in summer and enriched in winter for different water bodies within the SPAC. The δ2H values of soil water gradually decreased as depth increased. The δ2H values of xylem water closely resembled those of soil water, but the δ2H values of leaf water were more positive and exhibited larger variation. Results of the linear mixed model indicated that the lower MTT values of soil water and plant water occurred between June and September, while the higher values were often observed around January and from April to May. The precipitation replenishment exhibited a significant negative correlation with the MTT. The MTT of soil water generally increased with depth, although preferential flow could enhance the replenishment of deeper soil water and subsequently reduce the MTT. The mean MTT values of xylem water and leaf water were similar. Results of the sine wave fitting method showed that the young water fraction (Fyw) of soil water gradually decreased as depth increased, while the MTT of soil water gradually increased as depth increased. The Fyw and MTT of xylem water were lower and higher than those of leaf water, respectively. Both the mean MTT values of soil water based on the linear mixed model or the sine wave fitting method increased from the surface to the deeper soil layers. The former exhibited a smaller variation range and the latter showed a larger variation range. The mean MTT value of xylem water based on the linear mixed model was 2.4 days less than that of leaf water, while the MTT value of xylem water in the sine wave fitting method was 87.4 days higher than that of leaf water. These differences may be due to the parameterization of "new/young water", the uncertainty of results, and the effect of evaporative fractionation. This study contributes to a better understanding of water transport and consumption processes within the SPAC and provides valuable insights for agricultural production and water resources management in the subtropical monsoon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Li
- School of Geographical Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xin-Ping Zhang
- School of Geographical Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- School of Geographical Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ci-Cheng Zhang
- School of Geographical Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Geographical Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jun-Jie Dai
- School of Geographical Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zi-Dong Luo
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Geography and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
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Kosintsev PA, Konovalova KY, Simonova GV. Content of 13С and 15N Isotopes in Bone Collagen of Geographical, Age, and Sex Groups of the Ural Cave Bear (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae, Ursus (Spelaearctos) kanivetz Verestchagin, 1973). Dokl Biol Sci 2023; 513:374-377. [PMID: 37950813 PMCID: PMC10811068 DOI: 10.1134/s001249662370076x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Data on the content of 13C and 15N isotopes in the collagen of bones of the Ural cave bear (Ursus (S.) kanivetz Verestchagin, 1973) from the North and Middle Urals were analyzed. The bones date from the first half of MIS 3. The bones of newborn individuals, individuals aged 1 year, males and females aged 2, 3, and 4 years, and older than 4 years were studied. Differences in δ13С values between age, sex, and geographical samples are not significant. With age, the value of δ15N significantly decreases, which is associated with weaning from milk nutrition to independent nutrition. The proportion of meat food in the diet of adult bears in the Middle Urals was higher than in the diet of adult bears in the North Urals. There are no noticeable differences in isotope signatures between males and females of different ages. The large cave bears of the Urals and Europe had a similar type of diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Kosintsev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - K Yu Konovalova
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - G V Simonova
- Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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18
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Kosintsev PA, Konovalova KY, Simonova GV. Diet of the Small Cave Bear Ursus (Spelaearctos) rossicus Borissak, 1930 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) As Revealed by 13C and 15N Isotope Analyses in Bone Collagen. Dokl Biol Sci 2023; 513:S14-S18. [PMID: 38190041 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The 13C and 15N isotope contents in bone collagen were analyzed using bones of the small cave bear Ursus (Spelaearctos) rossicus Borissak, 1930 from localities in the Middle and Southern Urals. The bones date from the last interglacial (MIS 5) and glacial (MIS 3) periods. The bones were from males and females aged 3, 4, and >4 years. Sexual, geographical, and chronological differences in 13C and 15N contents were studied. Notable gender, geographic, and chronological differences were observed between samples. In the Middle Urals, females led a more predatory lifestyle than males during the interglacial period, and the trophic niches of males and females converged due to an increase in herbivory during the transition to the glacial period. In the Southern Urals, males led a more predatory lifestyle than in the Middle Urals during the interglacial period. The extent of changes in δ13C and δ15N values in the Southern Urals during the transition was found to correspond to differences between trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Kosintsev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - K Yu Konovalova
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - G V Simonova
- Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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19
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Kurpad AV, Pasanna RM, Hegde SG, Patil M, Mukhopadhyay A, Sachdev HS, Bhat KG, Sivadas A, Devi S. Bioavailability and daily requirement of vitamin B 12 in adult humans: an observational study of its colonic absorption and daily excretion as measured by [ 13C]-cyanocobalamin kinetics. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:1214-1223. [PMID: 38044024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and biochemical vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency is lower than anticipated in vegetarians. Extraileal absorption, such as from the colon, as well as reduced daily excretion, may be adaptive mechanisms to maintain B12 homeostasis with marginal intakes. OBJECTIVE To measure the absorption of B12 from the small and large intestine, and its daily rate of excretion from the body, using a [13C]-cyanocobalamin tracer. METHODS Oral B12 bioavailability was measured over 12 h after administration of [13C]-cyanocobalamin tracer (2.5 μg) in normal participants. The colonic B12 bioavailability was evaluated by direct instillation of [13C]-cyanocobalamin (5 μg) into the ascending colon. Bioavailability was calculated from 2-compartmental modeling of the tracer appearance in plasma. The excretion rate of B12 was measured from [13C]-cyanocobalamin elimination from the body over 4 wk after oral dosing (5 μg). RESULTS The oral B12 bioavailability (n = 11) was 63% ± 10% measured over 12 h. A late absorption peak, accounting for 12% of the absorption, was observed after an average lag time of 8.7 h from dosing. The colonic B12 bioavailability (n = 10) was 7% ± 5% over 4 h. The daily B12 excretion rate (n = 4) was 0.7 ± 0.2 μg/d. The minimum daily requirement of B12 in these participants was derived at 1 μg /d. CONCLUSIONS B12 is absorbed in the human colon. This observation confirms the potential contribution of the colon in daily B12 nutriture, and along with a possible lower requirement, could explain the absence of clinical deficiency in populations with marginal B12 intakes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study was registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) with the registration number CTRI/2018/04/012957, available from https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=49319&EncHid=&userName=029108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anura V Kurpad
- Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Roshni M Pasanna
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shalini G Hegde
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Harshpal S Sachdev
- Department of Paediatrics, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kishor G Bhat
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ambily Sivadas
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sarita Devi
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India.
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20
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Nurjanah S, Gerding A, Vieira-Lara MA, Evers B, Langelaar-Makkinje M, Spiekerkoetter U, Bakker BM, Tucci S. Heptanoate Improves Compensatory Mechanism of Glucose Homeostasis in Mitochondrial Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Defect. Nutrients 2023; 15:4689. [PMID: 37960342 PMCID: PMC10649308 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) impair metabolic flexibility, which is an essential process for energy homeostasis. Very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCADD; OMIM 609575) deficiency is the most common long-chain mitochondrial FAO disorder presenting with hypoglycemia as a common clinical manifestation. To prevent hypoglycemia, triheptanoin-a triglyceride composed of three heptanoates (C7) esterified with a glycerol backbone-can be used as a dietary treatment, since it is metabolized into precursors for gluconeogenesis. However, studies investigating the effect of triheptanoin on glucose homeostasis are limited. To understand the role of gluconeogenesis in the pathophysiology of long-chain mitochondrial FAO defects, we injected VLCAD-deficient (VLCAD-/-) mice with 13C3-glycerol in the presence and absence of heptanoate (C7). The incorporation of 13C3-glycerol into blood glucose was higher in VLCAD-/- mice than in WT mice, whereas the difference disappeared in the presence of C7. The result correlates with 13C enrichment of liver metabolites in VLCAD-/- mice. In contrast, the C7 bolus significantly decreased the 13C enrichment. These data suggest that the increased contribution of gluconeogenesis to the overall glucose production in VLCAD-/- mice increases the need for gluconeogenesis substrate, thereby avoiding hypoglycemia. Heptanoate is a suitable substrate to induce glucose production in mitochondrial FAO defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nurjanah
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (U.S.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albert Gerding
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (M.L.-M.)
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A. Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (M.L.-M.)
| | - Bernard Evers
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (M.L.-M.)
| | - Miriam Langelaar-Makkinje
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (M.L.-M.)
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (U.S.)
| | - Barbara M. Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (M.L.-M.)
| | - Sara Tucci
- Pharmacy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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21
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Grimm M, Rump A, Kromrey ML, Morof F, Dumont C, Jannin V, Tzvetkov MV, Weitschies W. In Vivo Evaluation of a Gastro-Resistant Enprotect ® Capsule under Postprandial Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2576. [PMID: 38004555 PMCID: PMC10674880 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ready-to-fill enteric hard capsule shells are an evolving field of oral drug and nutraceutical products. Lonza Capsugel® Enprotect® capsules were recently proven to provide reliable release in the small intestine after fasted intake, but robustness against postprandial intake needed to be proven. In this study, the capsules were administered to 16 healthy young subjects after intake of a light meal. The Enprotect® capsules were labelled with 5 mg black iron oxide and 25 mg 13C3-caffeine. Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to identify the localization and visual dispersion of the capsule filling. The salivary appearance of caffeine was considered a second independent and sensitive marker for the initial release. Whereas the fasted gastric residence time of the capsules amounted to 43 ± 32 min, it was increased to 158 ± 36 min after postprandial intake. Therefore, the mean dispersion time according to MRI and the mean caffeine appearance time were increased to 196 ± 37 min and 189 ± 37 min, respectively. But, similar to fasted administration, no capsule disintegration or leakage was observed in the stomach and 38% of the capsules disintegrated in the jejunum and 62% in the ileum. The mean dispersion time after gastric emptying and the mean caffeine appearance time after gastric emptying amounted to 38 ± 21 min and 31 ± 17 min, respectively. Both did not relevantly change compared to the fasted intake. Only the absolute dispersion time and caffeine appearance were prolonged due to the increased gastric residence and no relevant influence of the light meal was observed on the disintegration or release behavior of Enprotect® capsules after gastric emptying. The capsules also showed robust enteric properties after postprandial administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Adrian Rump
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Kromrey
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Morof
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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22
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Athaillah Z, Yarnes C, Wang SC. Bulk and Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis for the Authentication of Walnuts ( Juglans regia) Origins. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71. [PMID: 37917953 PMCID: PMC10655176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are grown in various countries, and as product origin information is becoming more important to consumers, new techniques to differentiate walnut geographical authenticity are needed. We conducted bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA) and compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) on walnuts grown in seven countries. The BSIA consisted of δ13Cbulk, δ15Nbulk, and δ34Sbulk, and CSIA covered δ2Hfatty acid, δ13Cfatty acid, δ13Camino acid, δ15Namino acid, and δ2Hamino acid. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used for statistical analysis to compare samples from the USA and China. Parameters that yielded significant variations are δ2HC18:1n-9, δ13CC18:2n-6, δ13CC18:3n-3, δ13CGly, δ13CLeu, δ13CVal, δ2HGlu, δ2HIle, δ2HLeu, and δ2HThr. Our findings suggested that CSIA of fatty acids and amino acids can be useful to differentiate the geographical provenance of walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zatil
A. Athaillah
- Food
Science and Technology Department of University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chris Yarnes
- Stable
Isotope Facility of University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Selina C. Wang
- Food
Science and Technology Department of University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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23
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Weber S, Cullen JA, Fuentes MMPB. Isotopic niche overlap among foraging marine turtle species in the Gulf of Mexico. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10741. [PMID: 38034330 PMCID: PMC10682896 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympatric species may overlap in their use of habitat and dietary resources, which can increase competition. Comparing the ecological niches and quantifying the degree of niche overlap among these species can provide insights into the extent of resource overlap. This information can be used to guide multispecies management approaches tailored to protect priority habitats that offer the most resources for multiple species. Stable isotope analysis is a valuable tool used to investigate spatial and trophic niches, though few studies have employed this method for comparisons among sympatric marine turtle species. For this study, stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope values from epidermis tissue were used to quantify isotopic overlap and compare isotopic niche size in loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green (Chelonia mydas), and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) turtles sampled from a shared foraging area located offshore of Crystal River, Florida, USA. Overall, the results revealed high degrees of isotopic overlap (>68%) among species, particularly between loggerhead and Kemp's ridley turtles (85 to 91%), which indicates there may be interspecific competition for resources. Samples from green turtles had the widest range of isotopic values, indicating they exhibit higher variability in diet and habitat type. Samples from loggerhead turtles had the most enriched mean δ34S, suggesting they may forage in slightly different micro-environments compared with the other species. Finally, samples from Kemp's ridley turtles exhibited the smallest niche size, which is indicative of a narrower use of resources. This is one of the first studies to investigate resource use in a multispecies foraging aggregation of marine turtles using three isotopic tracers. These findings provide a foundation for future research into the foraging ecology of sympatric marine turtle species and can be used to inform effective multispecies management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Weber
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Joshua A. Cullen
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
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24
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Liu Z, Ye L, Jiang J, Liu R, Xu Y, Jia G. Increased uptake of deep soil water promotes drought resistance in mixed forests. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:3218-3228. [PMID: 37287350 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The intensity and frequency of droughts are projected to rise in recent years and adversely affect forests. Thus, information on plant water use and acclimation during and after droughts is crucial. This study used the stable isotope and thermal dissipation probes to detect the water-use adaptation of mixed forests to drought using a precipitation gradient control experiment in the field. The results showed that Platycladus orientalis and Quercus variabilis mainly absorbed stable water from deep soil layers during the drought (32.05% and 28.2%, respectively). The synergetic nocturnal sap flow in both species replenished the water loss, but P. orientalis experienced a greater decline in transpiration acclimation to drought. The transpiration of Q. variabilis remained high since it was mainly induced by radiation. After short-term exposure to drought, P. orientalis majorly obtained shallow soil water, confirming its sensitivity to shallow water. Contrarily, Q. variabilis mainly absorbed stable water from deep soil layers regardless of the soil water content. Therefore, these findings suggest that Q. variabilis cannot physiologically adjust to extreme drought events, possibly limiting their future distributions and altering the composition of boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Center of Ecological Forestry Development of Jingning She Nationality Autonomous County, Lishui, China
| | - Limin Ye
- Center of Ecological Forestry Development of Jingning She Nationality Autonomous County, Lishui, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rilin Liu
- Center of Ecological Forestry Development of Jingning She Nationality Autonomous County, Lishui, China
| | - Yuanke Xu
- Center of Ecological Forestry Development of Jingning She Nationality Autonomous County, Lishui, China
| | - Guodong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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25
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Li Y, Liu J, George C, Herrmann H, Gu M, Yang M, Wang Y, Mellouki A, Pan Y, Felix JD, Kawashima H, Zhang Z, Wang S, Zeng Y. Apportioning Atmospheric Ammonia Sources across Spatial and Seasonal Scales by Their Isotopic Fingerprint. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:16424-16434. [PMID: 37844023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitigating ammonia (NH3) emissions is a significant challenge, given its well-recognized role in the troposphere, contributing to secondary particle formation and impacting acid rain. The difficulty arises from the highly uncertain attribution of atmospheric NH3 to specific emission sources, especially when accounting for diverse environments and varying spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we established a refined δ15N fingerprint for eight emission sources, including three previously overlooked sources of potential importance. We applied this approach in a year-long case study conducted in urban and rural sites located only 40 km apart in the Shandong Peninsula, North China Plain. Our findings highlight that although atmospheric NH3 concentrations and seasonal trends exhibited similarities, their isotopic compositions revealed significant distinctions in the primary NH3 sources. In rural areas, although agriculture emerged as the dominant emission source (64.2 ± 19.5%), a previously underestimated household stove source also played a considerably greater role, particularly during cold seasons (36.5 ± 12.5%). In urban areas, industry and traffic (33.5 ± 15.6%) and, surprisingly, sewage treatment (27.7 ± 11.3%) associated with high population density were identified as the major contributors. Given the relatively short lifetime of atmospheric NH3, our findings highlight the significance of the isotope approach in offering a more comprehensive understanding of localized and seasonal influences of NH3 sources compared to emissions inventories. The refined isotopic fingerprint proves to be an effective tool in distinguishing source contributions across spatial and seasonal scales, thereby providing valuable insights for the development of emission mitigation policies aimed at addressing the increasing NH3 burden on the local atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Li
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Christian George
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
- Shandong University Chamber Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mengna Gu
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Muhan Yang
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Orléans 45071, France
- College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Rehamna 43150, Morocco
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Joseph David Felix
- Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, United States
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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26
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Yang S, Qu J, Tang K, Zhao X, Zhou H, Hu J. Trophic niche and adaptation in highland lizards: sex has greater influences than species matching. Integr Zool 2023. [PMID: 37858979 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The plateau environments are typically arid, cool, and high altitude, posing formidable challenges to wildlife survival due to resource scarcity and harsh conditions. Unraveling ecological adaptability in severe conditions requires a deeper understanding of the niche characteristics of plateau species. Trophic niche, which is a comprehensive indicator describing the energy acquisition strategy of animals, remains relatively understudied in plateau species. Here, by combining stable isotopes and morphological data, we quantified the trophic niches of two allopatric lizard species (Phrynocephalus vlangalii and P. erythrurus) that live in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and explored how their trophic niches correlate with morphological and environmental factors. While both trophic niche and morphological traits were similar between species, noteworthy distinctions were observed between male and female Phrynocephalus lizards. The morphological traits associated with predation (i.e. limb length and head size) and reproduction (i.e. abdomen length), annual mean temperature, and sex played influential roles in shifting trophic niches. These results imply that sexual dimorphism may facilitate inter-sex divergence in resource utilization, leading to trophic niche variations in the highland lizards. Furthermore, extreme environmental stress can constrain interspecific divergence in morphological and trophic traits. Our findings illustrate the dynamic variations of trophic niches in highland lizards, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the adaptation strategies employed by lizard species in plateau environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiapeng Qu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region, Northwest lnstitute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinquan Zhao
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region, Northwest lnstitute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region, Northwest lnstitute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Junhua Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lei W, Wei W, Pu D, Qubi S, Zhou H, Hong M, Tang J, Han H. Comparative analysis of trophic niche using stable isotopes provides insight into resource use of giant pandas. Integr Zool 2023. [PMID: 37814789 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Trophic niche is the result of the long-term evolution of species and can reflect the pressures they experience in habitats. The whole-genome sequencing of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) has indicated that populations distributed in Qinling (QIN) and non-QIN probably diverged 300 ky ago. Although many studies regarding foraging strategy, habitat preference, and niche partition have been conducted on these populations, there is still a lack of precise quantification of trophic niches. Here, we calculated and compared isotopic trophic niche widths of giant pandas from Sichuan (SC) and QIN populations by measuring carbon and nitrogen isotopes of their hairs; combined with data from sympatric mammals, we explored the relative trophic positions of giant pandas in the ecosystem, respectively. The Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R (SIBER) model results showed the trophic niche width of QIN pandas was 3.44‰2 , which was significantly bigger than those of the SC population (2.03‰2 ), with an overlapping about 1.45‰2 ; and they both occupied a unique position in the context, almost one trophic level lower than herbivores. Then, we determined the isotopic ratios of the main foods from the habitats of these pandas; the results suggested that the isotopic difference between bamboo shoots and other parts plus the various feeding selections of pandas on them accounted for pandas' trophic niche widths. We considered the higher nutrition availability and digestible food resources giving QIN pandas a wider trophic niche than pandas from SC. This conclusion provides a new insight into the resource use and trophic ecology of giant pandas and is important to develop refined management plans for the two populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Nanchong, China
| | - Dan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Shibu Qubi
- Meigu Dafengding National Nature Reserve Administration, Liangshan, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Nanchong, China
| | - Mingsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Nanchong, China
| | - Junfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Nanchong, China
| | - Han Han
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Nanchong, China
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Cai F, Bezwada D, Cai L, Mahar R, Wu Z, Chang MC, Pachnis P, Yang C, Kelekar S, Gu W, Brooks B, Ko B, Vu HS, Mathews TP, Zacharias LG, Martin-Sandoval M, Do D, Oaxaca KC, Jin ES, Margulis V, Malloy CR, Merritt ME, DeBerardinis RJ. Comprehensive isotopomer analysis of glutamate and aspartate in small tissue samples. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1830-1843.e5. [PMID: 37611583 PMCID: PMC10732579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes are powerful tools to assess metabolism. 13C labeling is detected using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or mass spectrometry (MS). MS has excellent sensitivity but generally cannot discriminate among different 13C positions (isotopomers), whereas NMR is less sensitive but reports some isotopomers. Here, we develop an MS method that reports all 16 aspartate and 32 glutamate isotopomers while requiring less than 1% of the sample used for NMR. This method discriminates between pathways that result in the same number of 13C labels in aspartate and glutamate, providing enhanced specificity over conventional MS. We demonstrate regional metabolic heterogeneity within human tumors, document the impact of fumarate hydratase (FH) deficiency in human renal cancers, and investigate the contributions of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle turnover and CO2 recycling to isotope labeling in vivo. This method can accompany NMR or standard MS to provide outstanding sensitivity in isotope-labeling experiments, particularly in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cai
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Divya Bezwada
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ling Cai
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rohit Mahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Zheng Wu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mario C Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Panayotis Pachnis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chendong Yang
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sherwin Kelekar
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wen Gu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bailey Brooks
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bookyung Ko
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hieu S Vu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Thomas P Mathews
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lauren G Zacharias
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Misty Martin-Sandoval
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Duyen Do
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - K Celeste Oaxaca
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eunsook S Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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29
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Hu XC, Gao WT, Sun SJ, Zhang JS, Meng P, Cai JF. [Responses of tree growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency of Robinia pseudoacacia to climate factors]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:2610-2618. [PMID: 37897267 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated tree growth in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations at Ansai in Shaanxi Province and at Ji-xian in Shanxi Province by comparing the tree-ring width, basal area increase (BAI), δ13C value, intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), and stomatal regulation. We quantified the responses of tree growth and iWUE to climatic factors at each site. The tree-ring width at Ansai and Jixian decreased with stand age, whereas the BAI at Ansai increased, and that at Jixian decreased after the BAI peaked. The δ13C value and iWUE of trees at Jixian were higher than those at Ansai. The iWUE of trees at both sites was similar to the constant intercellular CO2 concentration/atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca) scenario, indicating that the Ci of trees was elevated with increasing Ca, while the stomata remained open. The BAI at Ansai was significantly positively correlated with highest temperature in May, relative humidity in June, precipitation in August, relative humidity in September, and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in September and October of current year, but negatively correlated with temperature in June. The BAI at Jixian was significantly positively correlated with SPEI in June and July, and lowest temperature in October of current year. The iWUE of trees at Ansai was significantly positively correlated with relative humidity and precipitation in June of the current year, but negatively correlated with minimum temperature in May, relative humidity in June, and temperature and maximum temperature in July of current year. A significant positive correlation between iWUE of trees at Jixian and lowest temperature in June of current year was detected. At the annual scale, the BAI of trees at Ansai was positively correlated with precipitation and SPEI, but no significant relationship was observed for trees at Jixian. However, the iWUE of trees at both sites was significantly affected by precipitation. Path analysis showed that SPEI and minimum temperature had a direct effect on BAI and iWUE of trees at Ansai, whereas precipitation and average temperature indirectly affected BAI and iWUE through SPEI. The highest temperature had a direct effect on tree growth at Jixian, whereas precipitation, minimum temperature, and average temperature had direct effects on iWUE. These results suggested that SPEI was the main climatic factor that affected the growth of R. pseudoacacia, while Ci was an important physiological factor. Our results could provide reference for the protection and management of R. pseudoacacia plantations under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chuang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Henan Xiaolangdi Earth Critical Zone National Research Station on the Middle Yellow River, Jiyuan 454650, Henan, China
| | - Wan-Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Henan Xiaolangdi Earth Critical Zone National Research Station on the Middle Yellow River, Jiyuan 454650, Henan, China
| | - Shou-Jia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Henan Xiaolangdi Earth Critical Zone National Research Station on the Middle Yellow River, Jiyuan 454650, Henan, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Henan Xiaolangdi Earth Critical Zone National Research Station on the Middle Yellow River, Jiyuan 454650, Henan, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Henan Xiaolangdi Earth Critical Zone National Research Station on the Middle Yellow River, Jiyuan 454650, Henan, China
| | - Jin-Feng Cai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China
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30
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Wang X, Liang SW, Tian YJ, Liu XT, Liang WJ, Zhang XK. [Application of stable isotope techniques in soil food web research]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:2861-2870. [PMID: 37897295 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope technique is important for understanding the structure and function of soil food web, which is considered as a belowground black box. We reviewed typical application cases of stable isotope techniques in the research of soil food webs, including to determine food sources and feeding preferences of soil fauna by using isotopes, and to analyze the trophic structure of soil food webs through isotope fractionation effects during the process of feeding and nutrient sequestration by soil fauna. Additionally, stable isotope techniques could reveal the role of soil biota at different trophic levels within soil food web in ecosystem matter and energy flow, which favored to carry out accurate and efficient research on the contribution of soil food webs to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling process and the corresponding influence mechanism. We further put forward the limitations of current stable isotope techniques and the future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si-Wei Liang
- Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Yi-Jia Tian
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Liu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Ju Liang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Paoletti A, Pencharz PB, Ball RO, Kong D, Xu L, Elango R, Courtney-Martin G. The Minimum Methionine Requirement for Adults Aged ≥60 Years Is the Same in Males and Females. Nutrients 2023; 15:4112. [PMID: 37836396 PMCID: PMC10574673 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The minimum methionine requirement in the presence of excess dietary cysteine has not been determined in older adults. This study aimed to determine the minimum methionine requirement in healthy older adults using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method. Fifteen healthy adults ≥ 60 years of age received seven methionine intakes (0 to 20 mg/kg/d) plus excess dietary cysteine (40 mg/kg/d). Oxidation of the indicator, L-[1-13C]phenylalanine (F13CO2), was used to estimate the mean minimum methionine requirement using a change-point mixed-effect model. There was no statistical difference between male and female requirement estimates, so the data were pooled to generate a mean of 5.1 mg/kg/d (Rm2 = 0.46, Rc2 = 0.77; p < 0.01; 95% CI: 3.67, 6.53 mg/kg/d). This is the first study to estimate the minimum methionine requirement in healthy older adults, which is the same between the sexes and as our lab's previous estimate in young adults. The findings are relevant considering current recommendations for increased consumption of plant foods, which will help to establish the appropriate balance of methionine and cysteine intake required to satisfy the sulphur amino acid requirements of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Paoletti
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (A.P.); (P.B.P.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paul B. Pencharz
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (A.P.); (P.B.P.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1X8, Canada
| | - Ronald O. Ball
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada;
| | - Dehan Kong
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1X6, Canada;
| | - Libai Xu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
| | - Rajavel Elango
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada;
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Glenda Courtney-Martin
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (A.P.); (P.B.P.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3J7, Canada
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32
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Watkins OC, Pillai RA, Selvam P, Yong HE, Cracknell‐Hazra VK, Sharma N, Cazenave‐Gassiot A, Bendt AK, Godfrey KM, Lewis RM, Wenk MR, Chan S. Myo-inositol alters the effects of glucose, leptin and insulin on placental palmitic acid and oleic acid metabolism. J Physiol 2023; 601:4151-4169. [PMID: 37602663 PMCID: PMC10952252 DOI: 10.1113/jp285036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-regulated placental palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA) metabolism is vital for optimal placental function and fetal development, but dysregulation occurs with gestational diabetes (GDM). We hypothesized that such dysregulation might arise from increased maternofetal glucose, leptin or insulin concentrations present in GDM, and that dysregulated PA and OA lipid metabolism could be moderated by myo-inositol, a natural polyol and potential GDM intervention. Placental explants from 21 women were incubated with stable isotope-labelled 13 C-PA or 13 C-OA for 48 h. Explants were treated with glucose (5, 10 mm) or leptin (13 nm) or insulin (150 nm) in combination with myo-inositol (0.3, 30, 60 μm). Forty-seven 13 C-PA lipids and 37 13 C-OA lipids were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). Compared with controls (5 mm glucose), glucose (10 mm) increased 19 13 C-OA lipids and nine 13 C-PA lipids, but decreased 13 C-OA phosphatidylethanolamine 38:5 and 13 C-PA phosphatidylethanolamine 36:4. The effects of leptin and insulin were less prominent than glucose, with leptin increasing 13 C-OA acylcarnitine 18:1, and insulin increasing four 13 C-PA triacylglycerides. Most glucose, leptin and insulin-induced alterations in lipids were attenuated by co-incubation with myo-inositol (30 or 60 μm), with attenuation also occurring in all subgroups stratified by GDM status and fetal sex. However, glucose-induced increases in acylcarnitine were not attenuated by myo-inositol and were even exaggerated in some instances. Myo-inositol therefore appears to generally act as a moderator, suppressing the perturbation of lipid metabolic processes by glucose, leptin and insulin in placenta in vitro. Whether myo-inositol protects the fetus and pregnancy from unfavourable outcomes requires further research. KEY POINTS: Incubation of placental explants with additional glucose, or to a lesser extent insulin or leptin, alters the placental production of 13 C-lipids from 13 C-palmitic acid (PA) and 13 C-oleic acid (OA) in vitro compared with untreated controls from the same placenta. Co-incubation with myo-inositol attenuated most alterations induced by glucose, insulin or leptin in 13 C-lipids, but did not affect alterations in 13 C-acylcarnitines. Alterations induced by glucose and leptin in 13 C-PA triacylglycerides and 13 C-PA phospholipids were influenced by fetal sex and gestational diabetes status, but were all still attenuated by myo-inositol co-incubation. Insulin differently affected 13 C-PA triacylglycerides and 13 C-PA phospholipids depending on fetal sex, with alterations also attenuated by myo-inositol co-incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. Watkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Reshma Appukuttan Pillai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Preben Selvam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Hannah E.J. Yong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical SciencesAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Victoria K.B. Cracknell‐Hazra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical SciencesAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave‐Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Precision Medicine TRPNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Anne K. Bendt
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Rohan M. Lewis
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Precision Medicine TRPNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Shiao‐Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical SciencesAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
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Paoletti A, Pencharz PB, Ball RO, Kong D, Xu L, Elango R, Courtney-Martin G. The dietary requirement for total sulfur amino acids in adults aged ≥60 years appears to be higher in males than in females. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:538-548. [PMID: 37356549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The total sulfur amino acid (TSAA) recommendation in older adults is based on data from young adults. Physiological evidence suggests that older adults have a higher requirement than young adults. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the TSAA requirement in healthy men and women aged ≥60 y. METHODS The TSAA requirement was determined using the indicator amino acid oxidation method with L-[1-13C]phenylalanine as the indicator. At recruitment, 15 older adults (n = 7 men and n = 8 women; BMI < 30 kg/m2) were assigned to receive 7 methionine intakes (5, 10, 15, 19, 25, 35, and 40 mg/kg/d) without dietary cysteine. Intake levels were randomly assigned to each subject. Following enrollment, 2 subjects completed 2 intakes and 3 completed 3, while the remainder completed all 7. Mean TSAA requirement was determined from oxidation of L-[1-13C]phenylalanine using a mixed-effect change-point model. The 95% CI was calculated using parametric bootstrap. To test whether breakpoints were different between men and women, the overlap in the 95% CI was calculated. RESULTS The mean TSAA requirement was 26.2 (Rm2 = 0.39, Rc2 = 0.89; P < 0.001) and 17.1 mg/kg/d (Rm2 = 0.22, Rc2 = 0.79; P < 0.001) for men and women, respectively. The requirement was significantly higher in men than in women (difference in CI: 9.1 ± 8.85). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the TSAA requirement in older adults. The requirement in older women is similar to current recommendations but is 75% higher in older men. These findings are important given recommendations for increased plant protein consumption. They will help in the assessment of diet quality and provide the basis of dietary guidelines for older adults consuming a plant-based diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04595188.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Paoletti
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul B Pencharz
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald O Ball
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dehan Kong
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Libai Xu
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rajavel Elango
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Glenda Courtney-Martin
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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34
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Hegde SG, Devi S, Sivadas A, Shubha AM, Thomas A, Mukhopadhyay A, Kurpad AV. Maternal Vitamin A Status as a Risk Factor of Hirschsprung Disease in the Child. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2023; 14:e00619. [PMID: 37490568 PMCID: PMC10522106 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gene-environment interaction of the REarranged during Transfection ( RET ) gene with vitamin A in the etiopathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) has been suggested in rodents. The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin A status in mothers of children with HSCR and to assess its association with pathogenic variants of the RET gene in affected children. METHODS This was a case-control study of stable isotope-based vitamin A measurement stores of mothers of children diagnosed with HSCR (within 8 months from birth, n = 7) and age-matched mothers of normal children (n = 6). Next-generation sequencing of RET exons, along with their upstream promoter region, was performed in the 7 HSCR proband-parent triads to evaluate pathogenic variants. RESULTS Maternal vitamin A stores in the HSCR group was almost 50% that of those in controls, tending toward significance (0.50 ± 0.17 vs 0.89 ± 0.51 μmol/g respectively, P = 0.079). Two novel pathogenic de novo mutations were identified in 2 cases, and a rare single-nucleotide deletion was detected in the 3.5-kb RET upstream region, in a heterozygous state, in all 7 proband-parent triads. Low-penetrance RET haplotypes associated with HSCR were detected in 5 cases. DISCUSSION Mothers with children with HSCR had lower vitamin A liver stores than mothers with normal children, and the children who were affected had HSCR despite having no established pathogenic RET variants. Lower maternal vitamin A status may increase the penetrance of genetic mutations in RET , and vitamin-A mediated gene-environment interactions may underpin some of the etiology of HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini G. Hegde
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sarita Devi
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Ambily Sivadas
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Annamma Thomas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Anura V. Kurpad
- Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
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Qin J, Si J, Jia B, Zhao C, Zhou D, He X, Wang C, Zhu X. Water use strategies of Nitraria tangutorum in the lake-basin region of the Badain Jaran Desert. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1240656. [PMID: 37649998 PMCID: PMC10465167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1240656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Information regarding plant water-use strategies is essential for understanding the hydrological processes and plant survival adaptation mechanisms in desert lake basin regions. To examine the water use strategies of plants in desert lake basin areas, water uptake patterns, water use efficiency, and water potential of Nitraria tangutorum were investigated at different distances from the lake duringhe growing seasons in the lake basin regions of the Badain Jaran Desert. The results indicate that N. tangutorum primarily absorbed groundwater in May (63.8%) and August (53.5%), relied on deep soil water in June (75.1%), and uniformly absorbed soil water from different layers in July. These observations could be explained by periodic fluctuations in the groundwater level and the consequent decrease in soil water availability, as well as plant root adjustments. As soil water availability decreases, N. tangutorum adapts to water variation by increasing its water use efficiency (WUE) and reducing its leaf water potential (Ψ). With intensified water stress, N. tangutorum gradually shifted from adventurous anisohydric regulation to conservative isohydric regulation. Thus, N. tangutorum responds to diverse degrees of environmental changes by altering its water-use strategy. A better understanding of the adaptive water use strategies developed by desert plants under varying water availability conditions provides insight into the diversity of species' reactions to long-term drought and quantifies the hydrological cycle of desert ecosystems against the background of worldwide climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Si
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongmeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinglin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dong SQ, Zhang HY, Sun GQ, Li L, An WC, Zhang YC, Wang ZG, Gao DK, Tian T, Wu ZX. Seasonal variations of macrozoobenthic community trophic structure in the waters adjacent to the seaweed beds of Dalian Island in the North Yellow Sea. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1763-1770. [PMID: 37694459 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202307.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of algal detritus export on the trophic structure of macrozoobenthic community in the adjacent benthic habitat during the bloom and decline of macroalgae, we collected macrozoobenthos from the adjacent sea area of Dalian Island in the North Yellow Sea in May (the algal bloom period) and August (the algal decay period) of 2020. We quantifyied the seasonal changes in the trophic structure of macrozoobenthic community by using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope techniques. Results showed that δ13C and δ15N values of macrozoo-benthos in May ranged from -23.14‰ to -14.24‰, 6.21‰ to 12.90‰, respectively, and -22.36‰ to -14.13‰, 5.33‰ to 12.00‰, respectively in August. Results of PERMANOVA analysis showed that δ13C values of macrozoobenthos differed significantly between the two months, while δ15N values were not significantly different. Based on the Euclidean distance, the macrozoobenthic communities in both months could be classified into five trophic functional groups. The trophic levels of macrozoobenthos ranged from 2.00 (Nitidotellina minuta) to 3.97 (Glycera onomichiensis) in May and from 2.00 (N. minuta) to 3.96 (G. onomichiensis) in August. The δ13C range, δ15N range, mean centroid distance, total area and corrected standard ellipse areas which represented community trophic structure indices in August were higher than those in May. Our results indicated that the trophic diversity level and trophic niche width of the macrozoobenthic community in the adjacent sea area of the seaweed bed were higher in the algal decline season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi Dong
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - He-Ye Zhang
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Guo-Qing Sun
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen-Cong An
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan-Chao Zhang
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhao-Guo Wang
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong-Kui Gao
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Wu
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
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Guo RP, Zhang BH, Li N, Fang Z. Seasonal differences of feeding ecology of Uroteuthis edulis in the East China Sea based on fatty acid and stable isotope. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1754-1762. [PMID: 37694458 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202307.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Uroteuthis edulis, an important fishery target species, plays an important role in the food web of the East China Sea. We collected U. edulis samples in the East China Sea from September 2020 to January 2021 to examine their feeding differences in autumn and winter based on fatty acid and stable isotope analyses. The results showed that the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was the highest, followed by saturated fatty acids (SFA), and the lowest content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in autumn and winter. Results of the similarity ana-lysis showed significant differences in PUFA and MUFA contents but no differences in SFA contents between autumn and winter. Results of non-metric multidimensional scale analysis showed that C18:1n9 could be used as signature fatty acids in autumn samples and C22:6n3 as characteristic fatty acids in winter samples. There was significant difference of δ15N between autumn and winter, but no difference of δ13C. The total area (TA), range of δ15N (NR), standard ellipse area (SEA) and the corrected version of the standard ellipse area (SEAC) in autumn were all smaller than those in winter, but range of δ13C (CR) was on the contrary. Results of the Spearman rank correlation test showed that there were differences between fatty acid content and stable isotope ratio of U. edulis and the dorsal mantle length in autumn and winter. Our results could provide basic data for understanding material and energy flow of the East China Sea food web, which is conducive to the sustainable development and utilization of U. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Pei Guo
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bai-Hao Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
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Yongsheng W, Zilong L, Xiangqian Y, Qiang Y, Hui W, Li G. Stable isotopic analysis of water utilization characteristics of four xerophytic shrubs in the Hobq Desert, Northern China. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1103789. [PMID: 37360730 PMCID: PMC10288868 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1103789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative identification of water utilization characteristics of xerophytic shrubs is an important prerequisite for the selection and optimization of a regional artificial sand-fixing vegetation system. In this study, a hydrogen (δD) stable isotope technique was used to study the changes in water use characteristics of four typical xerophytic shrubs, Caragana korshinskii, Salix psammophila, Artemisia ordosica, and Sabina vulgaris in the Hobq Desert under light (4.8 mm after 1 and 5 days) and heavy (22.4 mm after 1 and 8 days) rainfall events. Under light rainfall, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila primarily used the 80-140 cm layer of soil water (37-70%) and groundwater (13-29%), and the water use characteristics did not change significantly after the light rainfall event. However, the utilization ratio of A. ordosica to soil water in the 0-40 cm layer increased from less than 10% on the first day after rain to more than 97% on the fifth day after rain, whereas the utilization ratio of S. vulgaris to soil water in the 0-40 cm layer also increased from 43% to nearly 60%. Under heavy rainfall, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila still used the 60-140 cm layer (56-99%) and groundwater (~15%), while the main water utilization depth of A. ordosica and S. vulgaris expanded to 0-100 cm. Based on the above results, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila primarily use the soil moisture of the 80-140 cm layer and groundwater, while A. ordosica and S. vulgaris use the soil moisture of the 0-100 cm layer. Therefore, the co-existence of A. ordosica and S. vulgaris will increase the competition between artificial sand-fixing plants, while the combination of the two plants with C. korshinskii and S. psammophila will avoid competition between artificial sand-fixing plants to some extent. This study provides important guidance for regional vegetation construction and sustainable management of an artificial vegetation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yongsheng
- College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
- Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Hohhot, China
| | - Liao Zilong
- Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Xiangqian
- Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Hohhot, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Qiang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Wang Hui
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Gao Li
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
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Ha EJ, Seo JI, Rehman SU, Park HS, Yoo SK, Yoo HH. Preclinical Bioavailability Assessment of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug, HGR4113, Using a Stable Isotope Tracer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1684. [PMID: 37376132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug solubility limits intravenous dosing for poorly water-soluble medicines, which misrepresents their bioavailability estimation. The current study explored a method using a stable isotope tracer to assess the bioavailability of drugs that are poorly water-soluble. HGR4113 and its deuterated analog, HGR4113-d7, were tested as model drugs. To determine the level of HGR4113 and HGR4113-d7 in rat plasma, a bioanalytical method using LC-MS/MS was developed. The HGR4113-d7 was intravenously administered to rats that were orally pre-administered HGR4113 at different doses; subsequently, the plasma samples were collected. HGR4113 and HGR4113-d7 were simultaneously determined in the plasma samples, and bioavailability was calculated using plasma drug concentration values. The bioavailability of HGR4113 was 53.3% ± 19.5%, 56.9% ± 14.0%, and 67.8% ± 16.7% after oral dosages of 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg, respectively. By eliminating the differences in clearance between intravenous and oral dosages at different levels, acquired data showed that the current method reduced measurement errors in bioavailability when compared to the conventional approach. The present study suggests a prominent method for evaluating the bioavailability of drugs with poor aqueous solubility in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Ha
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong In Seo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyung Soon Park
- Glaceum Inc., Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16675, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ku Yoo
- Glaceum Inc., Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16675, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Kosintsev PA, Simonova GV, Konovalova KY. First Data on Nutrition of the Ural Cave Bear Ursus (Spelaearctos) kanivetz Verestchagin, 1973 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) as Based on 13C and 15N Isotope Analyses. Dokl Biol Sci 2023; 510:160-162. [PMID: 37582991 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
First data on the contents of the 13C and 15N isotopes in collagen were obtained for 16 bones of the Ural cave bear Ursus (Spelaearctos) kanivetz Verestchagin, 1973 from the Tayn (Secrets) cave (55°25' N, 57°46' E). The bones are dated to the middle MIS 3 and belonged to males and females of about 2 years, about 3 years, and older than 4 years of age. No considerable difference in isotope signatures was observed between individuals of different ages and different genders. Cave bears were assumed to forage independently on plant food from the second year of life. The δ13C and δ15N values established for the Ural cave bear are close to the values reported for U. (S.) spelaeus ingressus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Kosintsev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - G V Simonova
- Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - K Yu Konovalova
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Leroy C. Fungi in ant-plant interactions: a key to enhancing plant nutrient-acquisition strategies. New Phytol 2023; 238:1752-1754. [PMID: 36939144 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Leroy
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
- EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, 97310, France
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Manoli I, Gebremariam A, McCoy S, Pass AR, Gagné J, Hall C, Ferry S, Van Ryzin C, Sloan JL, Sacchetti E, Catesini G, Rizzo C, Martinelli D, Spada M, Dionisi-Vici C, Venditti CP. Biomarkers to predict disease progression and therapeutic response in isolated methylmalonic acidemia (MMA). J Inherit Metab Dis 2023. [PMID: 37243446 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA) is a heterogenous group of inborn errors of metabolism caused by a defect in the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT) enzyme or the synthesis and transport of its cofactor, 5'-deoxy- adenosylcobalamin. It is characterized by life-threatening episodes of ketoacidosis, chronic kidney disease, and other multiorgan complications. Liver transplantation can improve patient stability and survival and thus provides clinical and biochemical benchmarks for the development of hepatocyte-targeted genomic therapies. Data are presented from a US natural history protocol that evaluated subjects with different types of MMA including mut- (N=91), cblB- (15), and cblA-type MMA (17), as well as from an Italian cohort of mut- (N=19) and cblB-type MMA (N=2) subjects, including data before and after organ transplantation in both cohorts. Canonical metabolic markers, such as serum methylmalonic acid and propionylcarnitine, are variable and affected by dietary intake and renal function. We have therefore explored the use of the 1-13 C-propionate oxidation breath test (POBT) to measure metabolic capacity and the changes in circulating proteins to assess mitochondrial dysfunction (fibroblast growth factor-21, FGF-21 and growth differentiation factor-15, GDF-15) and kidney injury (lipocalin-2, LCN2). Biomarker concentrations are higher in patients with the severe mut0 - and cblB-type MMA, correlate with a decreased POBT, and show a significant response post-liver transplant. Additional circulating and imaging markers to assess disease burden are necessary to monitor disease progression. A combination of biomarkers reflecting disease severity and multisystem involvement will be needed to help stratify patients for clinical trials and assess the efficacy of new therapies for MMA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Manoli
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abigael Gebremariam
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha McCoy
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra R Pass
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack Gagné
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Camryn Hall
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Ferry
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carol Van Ryzin
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Sloan
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elisa Sacchetti
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Catesini
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Rizzo
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Liver and Kidney Tranplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- European Research Network TransplantChild
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Charles P Venditti
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Moran JJ, Bernstein HC, Mobberley JM, Thompson AM, Kim YM, Dana KL, Cory AB, Courtney S, Renslow RS, Fredrickson JK, Kreuzer HW, Lipton MS. Daylight-driven carbon exchange through a vertically structured microbial community. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1139213. [PMID: 37303779 PMCID: PMC10251406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between autotrophs and heterotrophs are central to carbon (C) exchange across trophic levels in essentially all ecosystems and metabolite exchange is a frequent mechanism for distributing C within spatially structured ecosystems. Yet, despite the importance of C exchange, the timescales at which fixed C is transferred in microbial communities is poorly understood. We employed a stable isotope tracer combined with spatially resolved isotope analysis to quantify photoautotrophic uptake of bicarbonate and track subsequent exchanges across a vertical depth gradient in a stratified microbial mat over a light-driven diel cycle. We observed that C mobility, both across the vertical strata and between taxa, was highest during periods of active photoautotrophy. Parallel experiments with 13C-labeled organic substrates (acetate and glucose) showed comparably less exchange of C within the mat. Metabolite analysis showed rapid incorporation of 13C into molecules that can both comprise a portion of the extracellular polymeric substances in the system and serve to transport C between photoautotrophs and heterotrophs. Stable isotope proteomic analysis revealed rapid C exchange between cyanobacterial and associated heterotrophic community members during the day with decreased exchange at night. We observed strong diel control on the spatial exchange of freshly fixed C within tightly interacting mat communities suggesting a rapid redistribution, both spatially and taxonomically, primarily during daylight periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Moran
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Hans C. Bernstein
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- ARC – The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Young-Mo Kim
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Karl L. Dana
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | | | - Steph Courtney
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Ryan S. Renslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | | | - Helen W. Kreuzer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Mary S. Lipton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
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Wudy SI, Mittermeier-Klessinger VK, Dunkel A, Kleigrewe K, Ensenauer R, Dawid C, Hofmann TF. High-Throughput Analysis of Underivatized Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines in Infant Serum: A Micromethod Based on Stable Isotope Dilution Targeted HILIC-ESI-MS/MS. J Agric Food Chem 2023. [PMID: 37232935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids and acylcarnitines are important biomarkers of the body's energy state and can be used as diagnostic markers of certain inborn errors of metabolism. Few multianalyte methods for high-throughput analysis in serum exist for these compounds, but micromethods suitable for use in young children and infants are lacking. Therefore, we developed a quantitative high-throughput multianalyte hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method preceded by a derivatization-free sample preparation using minimum amounts of serum (25 μL). Isotopically labeled standards were utilized for quantification. Forty amino acids and amino acid derivatives and 22 acylcarnitines were detected by applying a multiple reaction monitoring mode within a 20 min run. The method was comprehensively validated, comprising linearity, accuracy, (intraday/interday) precision, and quantitation limits, of which the latter ranged from 0.25 to 50 nM for acylcarnitines and from 0.005 to 1 μM for amino acids and their derivatives. Application of the method to 145 serum samples of three- to four-month-old healthy infants showed excellent reproducibility for multiday analyses and enabled simultaneous amino acid and acylcarnitine profiling in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne I Wudy
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Verena K Mittermeier-Klessinger
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Regina Ensenauer
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas F Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Vitali V, Peters RL, Lehmann MM, Leuenberger M, Treydte K, Büntgen U, Schuler P, Saurer M. Tree-ring isotopes from the Swiss Alps reveal non-climatic fingerprints of cyclic insect population outbreaks over the past 700 years. Tree Physiol 2023; 43:706-721. [PMID: 36738262 PMCID: PMC10177004 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have underlined the potential of δ2H in tree-ring cellulose as a physiological indicator of shifts in autotrophic versus heterotrophic processes (i.e., the use of fresh versus stored non-structural carbohydrates). However, the impact of these processes has not yet been quantified under natural conditions. Defoliator outbreaks disrupt tree functioning and carbon assimilation, stimulating remobilization, therefore providing a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of changes in δ2H. By exploring a 700-year tree-ring isotope chronology from Switzerland, we assessed the impact of 79 larch budmoth (LBM, Zeiraphera griseana [Hübner]) outbreaks on the growth of its host tree species, Larix decidua [Mill]. The LBM outbreaks significantly altered the tree-ring isotopic signature, creating a 2H-enrichment and an 18O- and 13C-depletion. Changes in tree physiological functioning in outbreak years are shown by the decoupling of δ2H and δ18O (O-H relationship), in contrast to the positive correlation in non-outbreak years. Across the centuries, the O-H relationship in outbreak years was not significantly affected by temperature, indicating that non-climatic physiological processes dominate over climate in determining δ2H. We conclude that the combination of these isotopic parameters can serve as a metric for assessing changes in physiological mechanisms over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vitali
- Stable Isotope Research Centre (SIRC), Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Richard L Peters
- Physiological Plant Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Stable Isotope Research Centre (SIRC), Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Markus Leuenberger
- Climate and Environmental Physics Division and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Treydte
- Department of Dendrosciences, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Dendrosciences, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK
- Global Change Research Institute (CzechGlobe), Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Philipp Schuler
- Stable Isotope Research Centre (SIRC), Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Stable Isotope Research Centre (SIRC), Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
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Li Y, Eugster W, Riedl A, Lehmann MM, Aemisegger F, Buchmann N. Dew benefits on alpine grasslands are cancelled out by combined heatwave and drought stress. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1136037. [PMID: 37229137 PMCID: PMC10203623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increasing frequencies of heatwaves combined with simultaneous drought stress in Europe threaten the ecosystem water and carbon budgets of alpine grasslands. Dew as an additional water source can promote ecosystem carbon assimilation. It is known that grassland ecosystems keep high evapotranspiration as long as soil water is available. However, it is rarely being investigated whether dew can mitigate the impact of such extreme climatic events on grassland ecosystem carbon and water exchange. Here we use stable isotopes in meteoric waters and leaf sugars, eddy covariance fluxes for H2O vapor and CO2, in combination with meteorological and plant physiological measurements, to investigate the combined effect of dew and heat-drought stress on plant water status and net ecosystem production (NEP) in an alpine grassland (2000 m elevation) during the June 2019 European heatwave. Before the heatwave, enhanced NEP in the early morning hours can be attributed to leaf wetting by dew. However, dew benefits on NEP were cancelled out by the heatwave, due to the minor contribution of dew in leaf water. Heat-induced reduction in NEP was intensified by the combined effect of drought stress. The recovery of NEP after the peak of the heatwave could be linked to the refilling of plant tissues during nighttime. Among-genera differences of plant water status affected by dew and heat-drought stress can be attributed to differences in their foliar dew water uptake, and their reliance on soil moisture or the impact of the atmospheric evaporative demand. Our results indicate that dew influence on alpine grassland ecosystems varies according to the environmental stress and plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Werner Eugster
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Riedl
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco M. Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Malloy CR, Sherry AD, Alger JR, Jin ES. Recent progress in analysis of intermediary metabolism by ex vivo 13 C NMR. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4817. [PMID: 35997012 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced imaging technologies, large-scale metabolomics, and the measurement of gene transcripts or enzyme expression all enable investigations of intermediary metabolism in human patients. Complementary information about fluxes in individual metabolic pathways may be obtained by ex vivo 13 C NMR of blood or tissue biopsies. Simple molecules such as 13 C-labeled glucose are readily administered to patients prior to surgical biopsies, and 13 C-labeled glycerol is easily administered orally to outpatients. Here, we review recent progress in practical applications of 13 C NMR to study cancer biology, the response to oxidative stress, gluconeogenesis, triglyceride synthesis in patients, as well as new insights into compartmentation of metabolism in the cytosol. The technical aspects of obtaining the sample, preparing material for analysis, and acquiring the spectra are relatively simple. This approach enables convenient, valuable, and quantitative insights into intermediary metabolism in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffry R Alger
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eunsook S Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Perini M, Roman T, Lanz S, Moser S, Pianezze S, Camin F. Insights into the stable isotope ratio variability of hybrid grape varieties: a preliminary study. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:2867-2875. [PMID: 36332109 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Official stable isotope databases, based on the analysis of (D/H)I ethanol , (D/H)II ethanol , δ13 Cethanol and δ18 Owater of wine, are an indispensable tool for establishing the limits beyond which the mislabeling or the addition of sugar and/or water in wine production can be detected. The present study investigates, for the first time, whether the use of hybrid varieties instead of European Vitis vinifera for wine production can have an impact on the stable isotope ratios. RESULTS The analyses were performed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry and site-specific natural isotope fractionation by nuclear magnetic resonance, in accordance with the official methods of the International Organization of Grapes and Wine. The comparison shows the tendency of some stable isotope ratios of hybrid varieties, in particular (D/H)I , to deviate from the regional averages of the V. vinifera samples. Notably, Baron, Monarch and Regent showed significantly different values at one of the two sampling sites. Particularly high δ13 C values characterize Helios compared to other hybrid varieties. CONCLUSION For the first time, and from an isotopic point of view, the present study investigates the wine obtained from hybrid varieties, showing that further attention should be paid to their interpretation, on the basis of the database established according to the European Regulation 2018/273. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Perini
- Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Tomas Roman
- Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Simon Lanz
- University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Sergio Moser
- Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Federica Camin
- Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria
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Liu MZ, Yang F, Jiang RJ, Yin R, Wang J, Xiao Y, Ling T, Zhu SL. Trophic niche and potential carbon source of three reef-associated fishes of Zhongjieshan Islands. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1130-1136. [PMID: 37078334 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202304.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the trophic relationship of important rock fishes, we analyzed trophic niche of three typical rockfish species (Oplegnathus fasciatus, Sebastiscus marmoratus and Conger myriaster) in the Zhongjieshan Islands in summer 2020, based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope techniques. We calculated the contributions of major carbon sources [macroalgae, phytoplankton, suspended particulate organic matter (POM) and substrate organic matter (SOM)]. The results showed that: 1) the δ13C values of the three species ranged from -21.44‰ to -15.21‰, with an average value of (-16.85±1.12)‰, while the δ15N values ranged from 8.32‰ to 10.96‰, with an average value of (9.69±0.66)‰. There were significant differences in carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes among the three species. 2) There was small niche overlap between O. fasciatus and S. marmoratus, indicating that the interspecific competition was not intense. There was no overlap between C. myriaster and the first two, indicating feeding differentiation. 3) The total ecotone area, corrected core ecotone area, and food source diversity of C. myriaster were the highest, indicating that it had a more generalized diet and richer food sources. 4) With Mytilus coruscus as a baseline organism, the trophic level of C. myriaster was the highest (3.38), followed by S. marmoratus (3.09), and the trophic level of O. fasciatus was the smallest (3.00). 5) Results of the stable isotope mixture model (SIAR) showed that POM was the main carbon source of the three species, contributing 57.4%, 57.9%, and 92.0% of the total, respectively. In addition, the contribution rate of SOM was also high for O. fasciatus and S. marmoratus, which was 21.5% and 33.9%, respectively. This study could provide basic information and reference for understanding trophic structure and marine food web in Zhongjiashan Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Liu
- Marine and Fisheries Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources of Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Marine and Fisheries Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources of Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ri-Jin Jiang
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources of Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Yin
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources of Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources of Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources of Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Ling
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources of Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai-Lin Zhu
- Marine and Fisheries Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources of Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China
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50
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Gannon BM, Sombié OO, Zeba AN, Nama GM, Bekele TH, Woldeyohannes M, van Stuijvenberg ME, Dhansay MA, Urio EM, Kaliwile C, Chileshe J, Kalungwana N, Davis CR, Grahn M, Tanumihardjo SA. Comparison of Total Body Vitamin A Stores Using Individual versus Population 13C-Natural Abundance of Serum Retinol in Preschool Children and Women Residing in 6 Diverse African Countries. J Nutr 2023; 153:949-957. [PMID: 36822237 PMCID: PMC10367224 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stable isotope techniques using 13C to assess vitamin A (VA) dietary sources, absorption, and total body VA stores (TBSs) require determination of baseline 13C abundance. 13C-natural abundance is approximately 1.1% total carbon, but varies with foods consumed, supplements taken, and food fortification with synthetic retinyl palmitate. OBJECTIVES We determined 13C variation from purified serum retinol and the resulting impact on TBSs using pooled data from preschool children in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zambia and Zambian women. METHODS Seven studies included children (n = 639; 56 ± 25 mo; 48% female) and one in women (n = 138; 29 ± 8.5 y). Serum retinol 13C-natural abundance was determined using GC-C-IRMS. TBSs were available in 7 studies that employed retinol isotope dilution (RID). Serum CRP and α1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP) were available from 6 studies in children. Multivariate mixed models assessed the impact of covariates on retinol 13C. Spearman correlations and Bland-Altman analysis compared serum and milk retinol 13C and evaluated the impact of using study- or global-retinol 13C estimates on calculated TBSs. RESULTS 13C-natural abundance (%, median [Q1, Q3]) differed among countries (low: Zambia, 1.0744 [1.0736, 1.0753]; high: South Africa, 1.0773 [1.0769, 1.0779]) and was associated with TBSs, CRP, and AGP in children and with TBSs in women. 13C-enrichment from serum and milk retinol were correlated (r = 0.52; P = 0.0001). RID in children and women using study and global estimates had low mean bias (range, -3.7% to 2.2%), but larger 95% limits of agreement (range, -23% to 37%). CONCLUSIONS 13C-natural abundance is different among human cohorts in Africa. Collecting this information in subgroups is recommended for surveys using RID. When TBSs are needed on individuals in clinical applications, baseline 13C measures are important and should be measured in all enrolled subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Gannon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - Olivier O Sombié
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Augustin N Zeba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Martha E van Stuijvenberg
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council; Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Muhammad A Dhansay
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Chisela Kaliwile
- National Food and Nutrition Commission (NFNC), Public Health and Community Nutrition Unit, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | - Christopher R Davis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael Grahn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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