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Samei M, Dowlatkhahi N, Boozari M, Hosseinzadeh H. Can daily consumption of enriched fatty acids diet be effective in improving metabolic syndrome? An attractive paradox for walnut kernel. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2311-2333. [PMID: 38628188 PMCID: PMC11016402 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Imagine consuming a daily diet rich in fatty acids to help treat diseases such as hypertension and obesity. This concept presents an attractive paradox. In particular, consuming walnut kernels is beneficial for treating diseases associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Different parts of the Juglans regia tree (family Juglandaceae), including its leaves, green husks, bark, and septum, have shown promising effects on pathological conditions related to MetS. The therapeutic advantages of consuming walnut kernels for MetS can be attributed to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenolic compounds such as juglone and ellagic acid. Diets enriched with walnut kernel have a positive impact on MetS complications by reducing diastolic blood pressure, improving blood lipid profiles, lowering fasting blood sugar levels, and increasing insulin sensitivity. The potential cellular mechanisms responsible for these benefits involve activating the cholesterol hemostasis pathway by inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Furthermore, other by-products of walnuts, such as leaves and green husks, have also demonstrated effectiveness in managing MetS. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating walnut-based products into our diets as a natural approach to combating MetS and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Samei
- School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Hsu CY, Alzahrani AA, Maabreh HG, Prasad KDV, Bokov DO, Kareem AH, Alawadi A, Ihsan A, Shakir MN, Alasheqi MQ. Effect of walnut consumption on markers of endothelial function in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1358-1366. [PMID: 38200617 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Findings on the effect of walnut consumption on endothelial function are conflicting. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis summarized available trials in this regard. A systematic search was performed in online databases including PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science up to October 2023. Articles that reported the effect of walnut intake on flow-mediated dilation (FMD), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and stimulus-adjusted response measure (SARM) were included. Random effects models for a weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to test for the overall effect. Six eligible trials were analyzed (250 participants). Walnut intake significantly increased FMD (WMD: 0.94%, 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.75; p = 0.02). However, meta-analysis could not show any beneficial effect of walnut intake on ICAM-1 (SMD: -0.23, 95% CI: -0.68 to 0.22; p = 0.31), VCAM-1 (SMD: -0.02, 95% CI: -1.38 to 1.34; p = 0.97), and SARM (WMD: 0.01%, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.04; p = 0.28). In conclusion, the present meta-analysis suggests that walnuts may reduce cardiovascular disease risk by improving FMD. However, further studies should be performed on adults to determine the effect of walnut intake on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - K D V Prasad
- Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Hyderabad, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Dmitry O Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Ihsan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maha Noori Shakir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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Groh JS, Vik DC, Stevens KA, Brown PJ, Langley CH, Coop G. Distinct ancient structural polymorphisms control heterodichogamy in walnuts and hickories. bioRxiv 2024:2023.12.23.573205. [PMID: 38187547 PMCID: PMC10769452 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.23.573205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of stable mating type polymorphisms is a classic example of balancing selection, underlying the nearly ubiquitous 50/50 sex ratio in species with separate sexes. One lesser known but intriguing example of a balanced mating polymorphism in angiosperms is heterodichogamy - polymorphism for opposing directions of dichogamy (temporal separation of male and female function in hermaphrodites) within a flowering season. This mating system is common throughout Juglandaceae, the family that includes globally important and iconic nut and timber crops - walnuts (Juglans), as well as pecan and other hickories (Carya). In both genera, heterodichogamy is controlled by a single dominant allele. We fine-map the locus in each genus, and find two ancient (>50 Mya) structural variants involving different genes that both segregate as genus-wide trans-species polymorphisms. The Juglans locus maps to a ca. 20 kb structural variant adjacent to a probable trehalose phosphate phosphatase (TPPD-1), homologs of which regulate floral development in model systems. TPPD-1 is differentially expressed between morphs in developing male flowers, with increased allele-specific expression of the dominant haplotype copy. Across species, the dominant haplotype contains a tandem array of duplicated sequence motifs, part of which is an inverted copy of the TPPD-1 3' UTR. These repeats generate various distinct small RNAs matching sequences within the 3' UTR and further downstream. In contrast to the single-gene Juglans locus, the Carya heterodichogamy locus maps to a ca. 200-450 kb cluster of tightly linked polymorphisms across 20 genes, some of which have known roles in flowering and are differentially expressed between morphs in developing flowers. The dominant haplotype in pecan, which is nearly always heterozygous and appears to rarely recombine, shows markedly reduced genetic diversity and is over twice as long as its recessive counterpart due to accumulation of various types of transposable elements. We did not detect either genetic system in other heterodichogamous genera within Juglandaceae, suggesting that additional genetic systems for heterodichogamy may yet remain undiscovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Groh
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Diane C Vik
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis
| | - Kristian A Stevens
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis
| | - Charles H Langley
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Graham Coop
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis
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Sandu-Bălan (Tăbăcariu) A, Ifrim IL, Patriciu OI, Ștefănescu IA, Fînaru AL. Walnut By-Products and Elderberry Extracts-Sustainable Alternatives for Human and Plant Health. Molecules 2024; 29:498. [PMID: 38276576 PMCID: PMC10819889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A current alternative for sustainable development through green chemistry is the replacement of synthetic compounds with natural ones through the superior capitalization of natural resources, with numerous applications in different fields. The benefits of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) and elderberries (Sambucus nigra L.) have been known since ancient times, due to the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, alkaloids, nitrogen-containing compounds, tannins, steroids, anthocyanins, etc. These active compounds have multiple biological activities for human health, including benefits that are antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, etc. Like other medicinal plants, the walnut and the elderberry possess important phytosanitary properties (antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal) and their extracts can also be used as environmentally safe biopesticides, with the result that they constitute a viable and cheap alternative to environmentally harmful synthetic products. During recent years, walnut by-products and elderberries have attracted the attention of researchers, and investigations have focused on the species' valuable constituents and active properties. Comparing the information from the literature regarding the phytochemical profile and biological activities, it is highlighted that, apart from the predominant specific compounds, the walnut and the elderberry have common bioactive compounds, which come from six classes (phenols and derivatives, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannins, triterpenoids, and phytosteroids), and act on the same microorganisms. From this perspective, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the bioactive compounds present in the different constitutive parts of walnut by-products and elderberries, which present a specific or common activity related to human health and the protection of agricultural crops in the context of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Sandu-Bălan (Tăbăcariu)
- Doctoral School in Environmental Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania;
| | - Irina-Loredana Ifrim
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania (A.-L.F.)
| | - Oana-Irina Patriciu
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania (A.-L.F.)
| | - Ioana-Adriana Ștefănescu
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania (A.-L.F.)
| | - Adriana-Luminița Fînaru
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania (A.-L.F.)
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Zhou H, Ma J, Liu H, Zhao P. Genome-Wide Identification of the CBF Gene Family and ICE Transcription Factors in Walnuts and Expression Profiles under Cold Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:25. [PMID: 38203199 PMCID: PMC10778614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold stress impacts woody tree growth and perennial production, especially when the temperature rapidly changes in late spring. To address this issue, we conducted the genome-wide identification of two important transcription factors (TFs), CBF (C-repeat binding factors) and ICE (inducers of CBF expression), in three walnut (Juglans) genomes. Although the CBF and ICE gene families have been identified in many crops, very little systematic analysis of these genes has been carried out in J. regia and J. sigillata. In this study, we identified a total of 16 CBF and 12 ICE genes in three Juglans genomes using bioinformatics analysis. Both CBF and ICE had conserved domains, motifs, and gene structures, which suggests that these two TFs were evolutionarily conserved. Most ICE genes are located at both ends of the chromosomes. The promoter cis-regulatory elements of CBF and ICE genes are largely involved in light and phytohormone responses. Based on 36 RNA sequencing of leaves from four walnut cultivars ('Zijing', 'Lvling', 'Hongren', and 'Liao1') under three temperature conditions (8 °C, 22 °C, and 5 °C) conditions in late spring, we found that the ICE genes were expressed more highly than CBFs. Both CBF and ICE proteins interacted with cold-related proteins, and many putative miRNAs had interactions with these two TFs. These results determined that CBF1 and ICE1 play important roles in the tolerance of walnut leaves to rapid temperature changes. Our results provide a useful resource on the function of the CBF and ICE genes related to cold tolerance in walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhou
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Jiayu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.M.); (H.L.)
| | - Hengzhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.M.); (H.L.)
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.M.); (H.L.)
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Xiahou ZY, Wambulwa MC, Xu ZC, Ye LJ, Fan PZ, Magige EA, Luo YH, Liu J. A Multiplex PCR System of Novel Microsatellite Loci for Population Genetic Application in Walnuts. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:4101. [PMID: 38140428 PMCID: PMC10747719 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of microsatellite loci allows for simultaneous amplification of two or more pairs of primers in a single PCR reaction; hence, it is cost and time effective. However, very few attempts have been reported in non-model species. In this study, by combining a genome-based de novo development and cross-species application approach, a multiplex PCR system comprising 5 PCR reactions of 33 microsatellites consisting of 26 novel genomic and 7 literature-sourced loci was tested for polymorphisms, cross-species transferability, and the ability to assess genetic diversity and population structure of three walnut species (Juglans spp.). We found that the genome-based approach is more efficient than other methods. An allelic ladder was developed for each locus to enhance consistent genotyping among laboratories. The population genetic analysis results showed that all 33 loci were successfully transferred across the three species, showing high polymorphism and a strong genetic structure. Hence, the multiplex PCR system is highly applicable in walnut species. Furthermore, we propose an efficient pipeline to characterize and genotype polymorphic microsatellite loci. The novel toolbox developed here will aid future ecology and evolution studies in walnut and could serve as a model for other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Ying Xiahou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant and Biodiversity of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Z.-Y.X.); (M.C.W.)
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Moses C. Wambulwa
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant and Biodiversity of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Z.-Y.X.); (M.C.W.)
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Computing, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui 170-90200, Kenya
| | - Zu-Chang Xu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin-Jiang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant and Biodiversity of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Z.-Y.X.); (M.C.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity of Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen 333400, China
| | - Peng-Zhen Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant and Biodiversity of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Z.-Y.X.); (M.C.W.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ephie A. Magige
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant and Biodiversity of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Z.-Y.X.); (M.C.W.)
| | - Ya-Huang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant and Biodiversity of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Z.-Y.X.); (M.C.W.)
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant and Biodiversity of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Z.-Y.X.); (M.C.W.)
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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Abtahi‐Naeini B, Emadoleslami MS, Pourmahdi‐Boroujeni M, Bahrami‐Samani F. Complicated atopic dermatitis in a healthy infant: Homemade walnut cream. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e8198. [PMID: 38130848 PMCID: PMC10733802 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Healthcare providers should educate patients on the appropriate use of topical agents and the potential risks associated with non-standardized formulations, especially for infants and young children. Abstract Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is an unconventional treatment method used alongside or in addition to conventional medical treatment methods to improve the healing process. Inappropriate administration of CAM can worsen the condition of diseases and have potential hazards for patients. Herbal therapy is one of the most famous and widely used CAMs in treating various skin disorders. In this case, we report a 4-month-old girl with atopic dermatitis who demonstrates ulceronecrotic lesions on her face and extremities besides sepsis 3 days after a walnut's homemade cream consumption. She was treated with intravenous clindamycin and wet-to-dry dressing to remove the scabs. This case report shows the potentially hazardous effects of misused traditional and homemade herbal therapy. It highlighted the need to pay particular attention when CAMs are used, especially for infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Abtahi‐Naeini
- Pediatric Dermatology Division of Department of PediatricsImam Hossein Children's Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Monir Sadat Emadoleslami
- Child Growth and Development Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
- Department of PediatricsChildren Imam‐Hossein Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Saeidi Z, Zohdi H, Besharat-Nejad MH, Yusefi M. Influence of climate factors on population density and damage of the leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L., in walnut orchards, Iran. Bull Entomol Res 2023; 113:767-779. [PMID: 37855138 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of climate factors (temperature, humidity, precipitation, and frost days) on the population changes, damage, and infestation area of the leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L., was studied during 2006-2018 in four parts of Iran including Saman, Arak, Najaf-abad, and Baft. For trend analysis, the Mann-Kendall test was run on time series data of both climate and pest population. According to the results, the annual mean (Kendall's statistics, T = 0.64 and 0.48), annual minimum (T = 0.60 and 0.42), and January mean (T = 0.64 and 0.61, respectively) temperatures showed increasing trends in Saman and Najaf-abad. Moreover, the annual mean minimum and January temperatures (T = 0.41 and 0.45, respectively) in Arak and the annual mean maximum temperature (T = 0.79) in Baft showed increasing trends. The number of frost days/year (Kendall's statistics, T = -0.63, -0.53, -0.32 and -0.37) and annual mean relative humidity (T = -0.43, -0.63, -0.64 and -0.42, respectively) showed decreasing trends in Saman, Arak, Baft, and Najaf-abad stations. Trend analysis indicated significant increases in the mean number of moths caught (T = 0.59, 0.76 and 0.90), the percentage of infested branches/tree (T = 0.66, 0.58, and 0.90), the number of active holes/tree (T = 0.79, 0.55, and 0.68) and the infested areas (T = 0.99, 0.73, and 0.98, respectively) in Saman, Arak and Najaf-abad stations. According to stepwise regression, the mean temperatures of January, autumn, and winter were the most effective variables for increasing Z. pyrina damage and population, while relative humidity and the number of frost days played the major role in reducing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarir Saeidi
- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, Iran
| | - Hadi Zohdi
- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kerman, Kerman Province, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Besharat-Nejad
- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Isfahan Province, Iran
| | - Mazaher Yusefi
- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Markazi Province, Iran
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Zhan Z, Li L, Lin Y, Lv Z, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang F, Zeng Y. Rapid and accurate detection of multi-target walnut appearance quality based on the lightweight improved YOLOv5s_AMM model. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1247156. [PMID: 38023833 PMCID: PMC10663328 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1247156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Nut quality detection is of paramount importance in primary nut processing. When striving to maintain the imperatives of rapid, efficient, and accurate detection, the precision of identifying small-sized nuts can be substantially compromised. Methods We introduced an optimized iteration of the YOLOv5s model designed to swiftly and precisely identify both good and bad walnut nuts across multiple targets. The M3-Net network, which is a replacement for the original C3 network in MobileNetV3's YOLOv5s, reduces the weight of the model. We explored the impact of incorporating the attention mechanism at various positions to enhance model performance. Furthermore, we introduced an attentional convolutional adaptive fusion module (Acmix) within the spatial pyramid pooling layer to improve feature extraction. In addition, we replaced the SiLU activation function in the original Conv module with MetaAconC from the CBM module to enhance feature detection in walnut images across different scales. Results In comparative trials, the YOLOv5s_AMM model surpassed the standard detection networks, exhibiting an average detection accuracy (mAP) of 80.78%, an increase of 1.81%, while reducing the model size to 20.9 MB (a compression of 22.88%) and achieving a detection speed of 40.42 frames per second. In multi-target walnut detection across various scales, the enhanced model consistently outperformed its predecessor in terms of accuracy, model size, and detection speed. It notably improves the ability to detect multi-target walnut situations, both large and small, while maintaining the accuracy and efficiency. Discussion The results underscored the superiority of the YOLOv5s_AMM model, which achieved the highest average detection accuracy (mAP) of 80.78%, while boasting the smallest model size at 20.9 MB and the highest frame rate of 40.42 FPS. Our optimized network excels in the rapid, efficient, and accurate detection of mixed multi-target dry walnut quality, accommodating lightweight edge devices. This research provides valuable insights for the detection of multi-target good and bad walnuts during the walnut processing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Zhan
- Laboratory of Physical Properties of Agricultural Materials, College of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Laboratory of Physical Properties of Agricultural Materials, College of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuhao Lin
- Laboratory of Physical Properties of Agricultural Materials, College of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Lv
- Laboratory of Physical Properties of Agricultural Materials, College of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Physical Properties of Agricultural Materials, College of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- 69223 Troops, People’s Liberation Army, Aksu, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fujie Zhang
- Laboratory of Physical Properties of Agricultural Materials, College of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yumin Zeng
- Project Management Division, Yunnan Provincial Forestry and Grassland Technology Extension Station, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Athaillah Z, Yarnes C, Wang SC. Bulk and Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis for the Authentication of Walnuts ( Juglans regia) Origins. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71. [PMID: 37917953 PMCID: PMC10655176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are grown in various countries, and as product origin information is becoming more important to consumers, new techniques to differentiate walnut geographical authenticity are needed. We conducted bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA) and compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) on walnuts grown in seven countries. The BSIA consisted of δ13Cbulk, δ15Nbulk, and δ34Sbulk, and CSIA covered δ2Hfatty acid, δ13Cfatty acid, δ13Camino acid, δ15Namino acid, and δ2Hamino acid. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used for statistical analysis to compare samples from the USA and China. Parameters that yielded significant variations are δ2HC18:1n-9, δ13CC18:2n-6, δ13CC18:3n-3, δ13CGly, δ13CLeu, δ13CVal, δ2HGlu, δ2HIle, δ2HLeu, and δ2HThr. Our findings suggested that CSIA of fatty acids and amino acids can be useful to differentiate the geographical provenance of walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zatil
A. Athaillah
- Food
Science and Technology Department of University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chris Yarnes
- Stable
Isotope Facility of University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Selina C. Wang
- Food
Science and Technology Department of University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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11
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Tepavcevic S, Romic S, Zec M, Culafic T, Stojiljkovic M, Ivkovic T, Pantelic M, Kostic M, Stanisic J, Koricanac G. Effects of Walnut-Rich Diet on Cation-Handling Proteins in the Heart of Healthy and Metabolically Compromised Male Rats. J Med Food 2023; 26:849-857. [PMID: 37889606 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of cations in the cardiomyocytes, crucial for the functioning of the heart, can be affected by walnut diet due to the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Healthy and metabolically compromised rats (drinking 10% fructose solution) were subjected to a diet supplemented with 2.4 g of walnuts for 6 weeks to investigate the effect on proteins involved in cation transport in the heart cells. Fructose increased the level of the α1 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the heart of control and walnut-eating rats, while elevated L-type calcium channel α (LTCCα), sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1), and Maxi Kα level were observed only in rats that did not consume walnuts. However, walnuts significantly increased the cardiac content of LTCC, NCX1, and Maxi Kα, as well as Kir6.1 and SUR2B subunits of KATP channel, but only in fructose-naive rats. In animals that drank fructose, a significant increasing effect of walnuts was observed only in Akt kinase phosphorylation, which may be a part of the antiarrhythmic mechanism of decreasing cation currents in cardiomyocytes. The walnut diet-induced increase in LTCC and NCX1 expression in healthy rats may indicate intense cardiac calcium turnover, whereas the effect on Kir6.1 and SUR2B subunits suggests stimulation of KATP channel transport in the cardiac vasculature. The effects of walnuts on the cation-handling proteins in the heart, mostly limited to healthy animals, suggest the possible use of a walnut-supplemented diet in the prevention rather than the treatment of cardiological channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Tepavcevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snjezana Romic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manja Zec
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tijana Culafic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mojca Stojiljkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Ivkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Pantelic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kostic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stanisic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Koricanac
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Altemimi AB, Al‐haliem SM, Alkanan ZT, Mohammed MJ, Hesarinejad MA, Najm MAA, Bouymajane A, Cacciola F, Abedelmaksoud TG. Exploring the phenolic profile, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of walnut leaves ( Juglans regia L.). Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6845-6853. [PMID: 37970415 PMCID: PMC10630819 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify phenolic compounds in walnut leaves from northern Iraq and evaluate their ability to act as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Phenolic compounds were determined by reversed-phase HPLC. Antibacterial activity was tested against various bacteria. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by various assays, including reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The HPLC profiles of walnut leaf fractions revealed quercetin, hydroquinone, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and caffeic acid in three fractions. The inhibitory activity of DPPH was determined as 47.66, 32.41, and 51.90 μg/mL for fractions I, II, and III, respectively. For ferric reducing power activity, fraction II > fraction III > fraction I and the FRAP activity was observed as 64.43, 73.19, and 68.18 μg/mL for fractions I, II, and III, respectively. All extracted fractions had antibacterial properties against all bacterial strains tested. Observations showed that fraction I was able to produce similar zones of inhibition as streptomycin in most cases. These results suggest that the fractions of this plant extract are plausible natural antioxidants that could be used as prime candidates for the synthesis of antioxidant drugs that can be used for the treatment of many oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of AgricultureUniversity of BasrahBasrahIraq
| | - Siba Mouid Al‐haliem
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, College of DentistryUniversity of MosulMosulIraq
| | - Zina T. Alkanan
- Department of Food Science, College of AgricultureUniversity of BasrahBasrahIraq
| | - Muthanna J. Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure SciencesUniversity of MosulMosulIraq
| | | | - Mazin A. A. Najm
- Pharmaceutical chemistry department, College of PharmacyAl‐Ayen UniversityThi‐QarIraq
| | - Aziz Bouymajane
- Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry‐Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of SciencesMoulay Ismail UniversityMeknesMorocco
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
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13
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Kitamura K, Matsui T, Takasato Y, Sugiura S, Ito K. Jug r 1 sensitization in 0- to 35-month-old children with egg, milk, or wheat sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2023; 2:100168. [PMID: 38024848 PMCID: PMC10679771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The incidence of tree nut allergies in children is increasing, with walnut allergy being the most common in the United States and Japan. Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, frequently occur at the first intake of tree nuts, suggesting prior sensitization. Objective Our aim was to identify which children should be considered for workup for preexisting sensitization. Methods Juglans regia (Jug r) 1-specific IgE screening for 0- to 35-month-old children who had a positive specific IgE result for egg white, milk, or wheat and had never ingested walnuts was conducted at a food allergy referral hospital between November 2018 and December 2022. Clinical data regarding age; sex; allergic disease complications; and egg, milk, or wheat allergy were examined retrospectively. Results The rate of Jug r 1-specific IgE positivity (level > 0.34 kUA/L) of 205 children (125 of whom were boys) was 9.8%, with a median Jug r 1-specific IgE level of 12.5 kUA/L in patients with a positive test result. Eczema was observed in 119 patients (58%). The rate of Jug r 1-specific IgE positivity was significantly higher in the eczema-positive group (15.1% [18 of 119]) than in the eczema-negative group (2.3% [2 of 86]) (P = .002). In the eczema-positive group, the rates of Jug r 1-specific IgE positivity per sensitized antigen were 13.7% for egg, 17.0% for milk, and 17.1% for wheat. The rate of Jug r 1-specific IgE positivity was significantly higher in the group with severe eczema (26.6% [17 of 64]) than in the group with nonsevere eczema (1.8% [1 of 55]) (P < .001). Conclusion Even in children younger than 3 years, 15% of children with eczema and egg, milk, or wheat sensitization were sensitized to Jug r 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Kitamura
- Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Allergy and Immunology Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Teruaki Matsui
- Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Allergy and Immunology Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takasato
- Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Allergy and Immunology Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Shiro Sugiura
- Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Allergy and Immunology Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Komei Ito
- Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Allergy and Immunology Center, Obu, Japan
- Comprehensive Pediatric Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Obu, Japan
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14
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Zhao Y, He W, Zhao S, Jiao T, Hu H, Li J, Zhang L, Zang J. Advanced Insights into Walnut Protein: Structure, Physiochemical Properties and Applications. Foods 2023; 12:3603. [PMID: 37835256 PMCID: PMC10572233 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Facing extreme pressure from an increasing population and climate degeneration, it is important to explore a green, safe and environmentally sustainable food source, especially for protein-enriched diets. Plant proteins have gained much attention in recent years, ascribing to their high nutritional value and environmental friendliness. In this review, we summarized recent advances in walnut protein with respect to its geographical distribution, structural and physiochemical properties and functional attributes. As a worldwide cultivated and largely consumptive crop, allergies and some physicochemical limitations have also led to a few concerns about walnut protein. Through comprehensive analysis and discussion, some strategies may be useful for future research, extraction and processing of walnut protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (W.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Weiheng He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (W.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sihan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (W.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Teng Jiao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (W.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Haifang Hu
- Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830062, China
| | - Jingming Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (W.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (W.H.); (S.Z.)
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15
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Fang Y, Wei J, Huang X, Li Y, Pan X. Identification and Analysis of Protein Family Associated with RNA Interference Pathway in Juglandaceae. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:218. [PMID: 37796691 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2809218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the crucial processes for small RNA synthesis and plant disease resistance is RNA interference (RNAi). Dicer-like (DCL), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR), double-stranded RNA binding (DRB), and Argonaute are important proteins implicated in RNAi (AGO). Numerous significant woody plants belong to the Juglandaceae; walnut is one of the four groups of woody plants on earth and one of the four groups of dried fruits. METHODS In order to correlate walnuts and their homologues, this work integrated numerous web resources from structural analysis and transcriptome data collected from gene families in order to elucidate the evolution and functional differentiation of RNA-related proteins in the walnut (Juglans rega) genome. RESULTS 5 DCL genes, 13 RDR genes, 15 DRB genes, and 15 AGO genes are found in the walnut genome and encode conserved protein domains and motifs with similar subcellular distribution.There are three classes and seven subclasses of walnut AGO proteins. RDRS are primarily split into four categories, whereas DRBs can be divided into six. DCLs are separated into four groups. The walnut RDR1 copy number of 9 is the exception, with 7 of those copies being dispersed in clusters on chromosome 16. Proteins are susceptible to various levels of purification selection, but in walnut, purification selection drives gene creation. These findings also indicated some resemblance in other plants belonging to the walnut family. Under various tissues and stresses, many RNA-related genes in walnut produced abundant, selective expression. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the genome of the Juglandaceae's DCL, RDR, DRB, and AGO gene families were discovered and analysed for the first time. The evolution, structure, and expression characteristics of these families were also preliminary studied, offering a foundation for the development and breeding of the walnut RNAi pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Fang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianming Wei
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunzhou Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Fruit Tree Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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16
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Zhang L, Bai YY, Hong ZS, Xie J, Tian Y. Isolation, Identification, Activity Evaluation, and Mechanism of Action of Neuroprotective Peptides from Walnuts: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4085. [PMID: 37764868 PMCID: PMC10534798 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As human life expectancy increases, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in older adults has increased in parallel. Walnuts contain bioactive peptides with demonstrated neuroprotective effects, making them a valuable addition to the diet. We here present a comprehensive review of the various methods used to prepare, isolate, purify, and identify the neuroprotective peptides found in walnuts. We further summarise the different approaches currently used to evaluate the activity of these peptides in experimental settings, highlighting their potential to reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and promote autophagy, as well as to regulate the gut microflora and balance the cholinergic system. Finally, we offer suggestions for future research concerning bioavailability and improving or masking the bitter taste and sensory properties of final products containing the identified walnut neuroprotective peptides to ensure successful adoption of these peptides as functional food ingredients for neurohealth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yu-Ying Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.Z.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zi-Shan Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.Z.)
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- School of Tea and Coffee, Puer University, Puer 665000, China
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17
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Zhan Y, Ma M, Chen Z, Ma A, Li S, Xia J, Jia Y. A Review on Extracts, Chemical Composition and Product Development of Walnut Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus. Foods 2023; 12:3379. [PMID: 37761088 PMCID: PMC10529104 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnuts are one of the world's most important nut species and are popular for their high nutritional value, but the processing of walnuts produces numerous by-products. Among them, Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus has attracted the attention of researchers due to its complex chemical composition and diverse bioactivities. However, comprehensive reviews of extract activity and mechanistic studies, chemical composition functionality, and product types are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze the extracts, chemical composition, and product development of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus. Conclusions: For extracts, the biological activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts have been studied more extensively than those of methanol extracts, but almost all of the studies have been based on crude extracts, with fewer explorations of their mechanisms. For chemical composition, the bioactivities of polyphenols and polysaccharides were more intensively studied, while other chemical constituents were at the stage of content determination. For product development, walnuts are mainly used in food and medicine, but the product range is limited. In the future, research on the bioactivity and related mechanisms of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus can be further expanded to improve its value as a potential natural plant resource applied in multiple industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanrong Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.C.); (A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Mengge Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.C.); (A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhou Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.C.); (A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Aijin Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.C.); (A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Siting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.C.); (A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Junxia Xia
- Hebei Yangyuan ZhiHui Beverage Co., Ltd., Hengshui 053000, China;
- Institution of Chinese Walnut Industry, Hengshui 053000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Walnut Nutritional Function and Processing Technology, Hengshui 053000, China
| | - Yingmin Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.C.); (A.M.); (S.L.)
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18
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Zhang L, Yin YQ, Zhao LL, Xie YQ, Han J, Zhang Y. Two new species of Colletotrichum (Glomerellaceae, Glomerellales) causing walnut anthracnose in Beijing. MycoKeys 2023; 99:131-152. [PMID: 37719302 PMCID: PMC10502704 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.106812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on various plant hosts. It is regarded as one of the 10 most important genera of plant pathogens in the world. Walnut anthracnose is one of the most severe diseases affecting walnut productivity and quality in China. In this study, 162 isolates were obtained from 30 fruits and 65 leaf samples of walnut collected in Beijing, China. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses of the concatenated loci, namely internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) and beta-tubulin (TUB2), these isolates were identified as two novel species of Colletotrichum, i.e. C.juglandicola and C.peakense. Koch's postulates indicated that both C.juglandicola and C.peakense could cause anthracnose in walnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yue-Qi Yin
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yu-Qing Xie
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jing Han
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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19
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Plugatar YV, Suprun II, Khokhlov SY, Stepanov IV, Al-Nakib EA. Comprehensive agrobiological assessment and analysis of genetic relationships of promising walnut varieties of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:454-462. [PMID: 37867608 PMCID: PMC10587009 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnut is an important horticultural crop, the production of which ranks second among all nut crops. Despite the significant demand in the domestic market in Russia, the industrial production of walnut fruits in Russia is currently underdeveloped. At the same time, there is a need to update the assortment with new highly productive varieties adapted to local agro-climatic conditions and having high quality nuts that are competitive at the world level. An important issue for the successful implementation of breeding programs is a comprehensive study of the gene pool. In this regard, within the framework of the study, the task was to evaluate promising varieties from the collection of the walnut gene pool of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens and analyze genetic relationships based on microsatellite genotyping. On the basis of the performed phenotypic assessment, the study sample, which included 31 varieties, was divided into several groups according to the main phenotypic traits, such as frost and drought resistance, the start of the growing season, the ripening period, the weight and type of flowering, the weight of the fruit, and the thickness of the endocarp. Varieties with economically valuable traits that can be recommended as promising as initial parental forms in breeding work for resistance to abiotic stress factors have been identified, as well as varieties with increased productivity and large fruit sizes. Based on the analysis of eight SSR markers (WGA001, WGA376, WGA069, WGA276, WGA009, WGA202, WGA089 and WGA054), an analysis of the level of genetic diversity was performed and genetic relationships were established in the studied sample of varieties. Six (for WGA089) to eleven (for WGA276) alleles per locus have been identified. A total of 70 alleles were identified for the eight DNA markers used, with an average value of 8.75. Analysis of SSR genotyping data using Bayesian analysis established the presence of two main groups of genotypes. Taking into account the fact that all the studied varieties are selections from local seed populations in different regions of the Crimean Peninsula, the revealed level of polymorphism may indirectly reflect the level of genetic diversity of the local walnut populations. Furthermore, the presence of two genetically distant groups indicates the presence of two independently formed pools of the autochthonous gene pool of the species Juglans regia L. on the Crimean Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu V Plugatar
- The Order of the Red Banner of Labour Nikitsky Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, Republic of Crimea, Russia
| | - I I Suprun
- North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making, the Functional Scientific Center of "Breeding and Nursery", Krasnodar, Russia
| | - S Yu Khokhlov
- The Order of the Red Banner of Labour Nikitsky Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, Republic of Crimea, Russia
| | - I V Stepanov
- North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making, the Functional Scientific Center of "Breeding and Nursery", Krasnodar, Russia
| | - E A Al-Nakib
- North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making, the Functional Scientific Center of "Breeding and Nursery", Krasnodar, Russia
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20
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Hu C, Song J, Jin W, Wang W, Bai H, Wu C, Shen L. Lipidomics characterized TAG biosynthesis of developing kernels in three walnut cultivars in Xinjiang region. Food Chem 2023; 416:135808. [PMID: 36893647 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Walnut oil with very high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibits many health beneficial effects. We hypothesized that the oil composition is led by a special pattern/mechanism for triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis as well as accumulation in walnut kernel during embryo development. To test this hypothesis, shotgun lipidomics was performed for class-targeted lipid analysis (including TAG, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and lysophosphatidylcholine species) in walnut kernels from three cultivar collected at three critical stages of embryo development. The results indicated that TAG synthesis in the kernel happened before 84 days after flowering (DAF) and was significantly enhanced between 84 and 98 DAF. Moreover, TAG profile was changing along with DAFs due to the increased composition of 18:1 FA in TAG pool. Moreover, lipidomics also demonstrated that the enhanced acyl editing was responsible for the flux of FA through phosphatidylcholine for eventual TAG synthesis. Therefore, TAG biosynthesis in walnut kernel was characterized directly from lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Jingyi Song
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Wumeng Jin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hongjin Bai
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Lirong Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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21
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Ahmadi Y, Ayari MA, Olfati M, Hosseini SH, Khandakar A, Vaferi B, Olazar M. Application of Green Polymeric Nanocomposites for Enhanced Oil Recovery by Spontaneous Imbibition from Carbonate Reservoirs. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3064. [PMID: 37514453 PMCID: PMC10385651 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study experimentally investigates the effect of green polymeric nanoparticles on the interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability of carbonate reservoirs to effectively change the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) parameters. This experimental study compares the performance of xanthan/magnetite/SiO2 nanocomposites (NC) and several green materials, i.e., eucalyptus plant nanocomposites (ENC) and walnut shell ones (WNC) on the oil recovery with performing series of spontaneous imbibition tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) surface analysis tests are also applied to monitor the morphology and crystalline structure of NC, ENC, and WNC. Then, the IFT and contact angle (CA) were measured in the presence of these materials under various reservoir conditions and solvent salinities. It was found that both ENC and WNC nanocomposites decreased CA and IFT, but ENC performed better than WNC under different salinities, namely, seawater (SW), double diluted salted (2 SW), ten times diluted seawater (10 SW), formation water (FW), and distilled water (DIW), which were applied at 70 °C, 2000 psi, and 0.05 wt.% nanocomposites concentration. Based on better results, ENC nanofluid at salinity concentrations of 10 SW and 2 SW ENC were selected for the EOR of carbonate rocks under reservoir conditions. The contact angles of ENC nanocomposites at the salinities of 2 SW and 10 SW were 49 and 43.4°, respectively. Zeta potential values were -44.39 and -46.58 for 2 SW and 10 SW ENC nanofluids, which is evidence of the high stability of ENC nanocomposites. The imbibition results at 70 °C and 2000 psi with 0.05 wt.% ENC at 10 SW and 2 SW led to incremental oil recoveries of 64.13% and 60.12%, respectively, compared to NC, which was 46.16%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Ahmadi
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Ilam University, Ilam 69315516, Iran
| | - Mohamed Arselene Ayari
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Technology Innovation and Engineering Education Unit, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Meysam Olfati
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Ilam University, Ilam 69315516, Iran
| | | | - Amith Khandakar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Behzad Vaferi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz 7198774731, Iran
- Department of Advanced Calculations, Chemical, Petroleum, and Polymer Engineering Research Center, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz 7198774731, Iran
| | - Martin Olazar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644-E48080 Bilbao, Spain
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22
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Şahin M, Arioglu-Tuncil S, Ünver A, Deemer D, Lindemann SR, Tunçil YE. Dietary Fibers of Tree Nuts Differ in Composition and Distinctly Impact the Fecal Microbiota and Metabolic Outcomes In Vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2023. [PMID: 37334468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of dietary fibers (DFs) of commercially important tree nuts (almond, cashew, hazelnut, pistachio, and walnut) on gut microbiota in vitro. Microbial compositions and short-chain fatty acids were determined using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. Neutral and acidic monosaccharides were analyzed using GC/MS and spectrophotometry, respectively. Our results revealed that cashew fibers exhibit higher butyrate formation compared to others. Accordingly, cashew fiber promoted butyric acid-producing bacteria-related operational taxonomic units (OTUs; Butyricimonas and Collinsella) at higher relative abundances. The higher butyrogenic capacity of cashew fiber is mainly attributed to its higher soluble/total DF ratio and remarkably distinct monosaccharide composition. Additionally, nut fibers stimulated family Lachnospiraceae- and Ruminococcaceae-related OTUs. These findings show that although the degree of promotion is nut type-dependent, nut fibers are generally capable of promoting beneficial microbes in the colon, further suggesting that DFs of tree nuts are contributing factors to their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Şahin
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Türki̇ye
| | - Seda Arioglu-Tuncil
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Nezahat Keleşoğlu Health Science Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Türki̇ye
| | - Ahmet Ünver
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Türki̇ye
- Medical and Cosmetic Plants Application and Research Center, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Türki̇ye
| | - Dane Deemer
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, Indiana, United States
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, Indiana, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, Indiana, United States
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, Indiana, United States
| | - Yunus E Tunçil
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Türki̇ye
- Medical and Cosmetic Plants Application and Research Center, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Türki̇ye
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23
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Tuerdi M, Lv C, Dan H, Shan L, Zhang R, Chen X. First Report of Fusarium solani associated with Twig Canker of English Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) in Xinjiang, China. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37194210 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-23-0430-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
English walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a perennial deciduous fruit tree, and an economically important hardwood tree species cultivated worldwide. As one of the important economic crops, English walnut is also widely cultivated in Xinjiang. In September 2019, twig canker symptoms were observed on English walnut in several orchards, with approximately 15% to 40% disease incidence in southern Xinjiang region (79º95'E, 40º37'N). The branch lesions were long oval, concave, and black to brown. Leaves of the affected branches turned yellow and the branches eventually died. Infected twigs were collected from an infected tree in an orchard. Symptomatic tissue from the margins of cankers was surface disinfested with 75% ethanol for 60 s, rinsed 3 times with sterile water, and then incubated on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) at 25 ℃ under a 12-hr photoperiod in Light incubator for 7 days. Seven fungal isolates showing similar morphology were obtained from the symptomatic tissue. All the fungal cultures had a pink-white color with loose, cottony mycelium, and the underside of the colonies were light brown. Macroconidia were slightly curved, with one to six septa, both ends were slightly sharp, and they measured 22.8 to 38.5 × 3.5 to 6.7 μm (27.4 ± 0.6 × 4.2 ± 0.3 μm, n=50). Microconidia were oval, hyaline, zero to one septa, measuring 4.5 to 9.6 × 1.8 to 2.3 μm (6.8 ± 0.3 × 2.1 ± 0.1 μm, n=50). According to the morphological characteristics, the seven isolates were identified as a member of the Fusarium solani species complex (Summerell et al. 2003). Genomic DNA was extracted from the representative isolate HSANTUAN2019-1, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) were amplified with the primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and EF1-F/EF2-R (O' Donnell et al. 2010), respectively. The sequences submitted to GenBank (accession nos. OP271472 for ITS, OP293104 for TEF) showed high similarity with the reference sequences of F. solani (ITS, OL691083 [100%]; TEF, HE647960 [99.86%]). Pathogenicity of the seven isolates were assessed on 1-year-old branches of English walnut in the field. Healthy branches (40) were wounded with a sterilized hole punch, and then inoculated with isodiametric mycelial PDA plugs (5 branches per fungal isolate). Five branches were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs as a negative control. The inoculations were performed three times. All treatments were wrapped with fresh film for 3 days. Dark brown necrotic lesions were observed on all inoculated branches 22 days post-inoculation. The controls had no symptoms. The pathogen was reisolated from all the inoculated branches, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani causing twig canker on English walnut in Xinjiang, China. Twig canker disease often cause a large number of branches to dry out and die. If the disease control and prevention is neglected, the productivity of the English walnut will be seriously affected in the cultivation area. Our finding will provide valuable information for prevention and management of twig canker on English walnut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunhe Lv
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Biohazard Prevention and Control Center, Shenyang, Liaoning, China;
| | - Hongxia Dan
- Tarim University, 12483, College of Plant Science, Aral, Xinjiang, China;
| | - Lulu Shan
- Tarim University, 12483, Aral, Xinjiang, China;
| | | | - Xiaofei Chen
- Tarim UniversityAlaer city, Xinjiang, China, 843300;
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24
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Abstract
Fresh kernels of the walnut tree (Juglans regia L.) show a characteristic and pleasant aroma, the molecular basis of which was unknown. The application of an aroma extract dilution analysis resulted in 50 odor-active compounds. Among them, 37 had not been reported as fresh walnut kernel volatiles before, including the two odorants with the highest flavor dilution factors, namely, fenugreek-like smelling 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one (sotolon) and oatmeal-like smelling (2E,4E,6Z)-nona-2,4,6-trienal. Quantitations revealed 17 odorants with concentrations in the walnuts that exceeded their odor threshold concentrations. Aroma reconstitution and omission experiments finally showed that the characteristic aroma of fresh walnuts is best represented by a binary mixture of sotolon and (2E,4E,6Z)-nona-2,4,6-trienal. Of both, the natural concentration was ∼10 μg/kg. Further sensory studies showed that the walnut character is intensified when their concentrations are in parallel increased to ∼100 μg/kg. This finding may guide the future breeding of new walnut cultivars with improved aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Stübner
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich (Leibniz-LSB@TUM), Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Martin Steinhaus
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich (Leibniz-LSB@TUM), Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, Freising 85354, Germany
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25
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Yang T, Zheng X, Vidyarthi SK, Xiao H, Yao X, Li Y, Zang Y, Zhang J. Artificial Neural Network Modeling and Genetic Algorithm Multiobjective Optimization of Process of Drying-Assisted Walnut Breaking. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091897. [PMID: 37174434 PMCID: PMC10178508 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study combined an artificial neural network (ANN) with a genetic algorithm (GA) to obtain the model and optimal process parameters of drying-assisted walnut breaking. Walnuts were dried at different IR temperatures (40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, and 55 °C) and air velocities (1, 2, 3, and 4 m/s) to different moisture contents (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) by using air-impingement technology. Subsequently, the dried walnuts were broken in different loading directions (sutural, longitudinal, and vertical). The drying time (DT), specific energy consumption (SEC), high kernel rate (HR), whole kernel rate (WR), and shell-breaking rate (SR) were determined as response variables. An ANN optimized by a GA was applied to simulate the influence of IR temperature, air velocity, moisture content, and loading direction on the five response variables, from which the objective functions of DT, SEC, HR, WR, and SR were developed. A GA was applied for the simultaneous maximization of HR, WR, and SR and minimization of DT and SEC to determine the optimized process parameters. The ANN model had a satisfactory prediction ability, with the coefficients of determination of 0.996, 0.998, 0.990, 0.991, and 0.993 for DT, SEC, HR, WR, and SR, respectively. The optimized process parameters were found to be 54.9 °C of IR temperature, 3.66 m/s of air velocity, 10.9% of moisture content, and vertical loading direction. The model combining an ANN and a GA was proven to be an effective method for predicting and optimizing the process parameters of walnut breaking. The predicted values under optimized process parameters fitted the experimental data well, with a low relative error value of 2.51-3.96%. This study can help improve the quality of walnut breaking, processing efficiency, and energy conservation. The ANN modeling and GA multiobjective optimization method developed in this study provide references for the process optimization of walnut and other similar commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoqing Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Machinery Corps, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xia Zheng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Machinery Corps, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Sriram K Vidyarthi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hongwei Xiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xuedong Yao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Machinery Corps, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yican Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Machinery Corps, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yongzhen Zang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Machinery Corps, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jikai Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Machinery Corps, Shihezi 832003, China
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26
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Fan N, Fusco JL, Rosenberg DW. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Walnut Constituents: Focus on Personalized Cancer Prevention and the Microbiome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:982. [PMID: 37237848 PMCID: PMC10215340 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnuts have been lauded as a 'superfood', containing a remarkable array of natural constituents that may have additive and/or synergistic properties that contribute to reduced cancer risk. Walnuts are a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs: alpha-linolenic acid, ALA), tocopherols, antioxidant polyphenols (including ellagitannins), and prebiotics, including fiber (2 g/oz). There is a growing body of evidence that walnuts may contribute in a positive way to the gut microbiome, having a prebiotic potential that promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria. Studies supporting this microbiome-modifying potential include both preclinical cancer models as well as several promising human clinical trials. Mediated both directly and indirectly via its actions on the microbiome, many of the beneficial properties of walnuts are related to a range of anti-inflammatory properties, including powerful effects on the immune system. Among the most potent constituents of walnuts are the ellagitannins, primarily pedunculagin. After ingestion, the ellagitannins are hydrolyzed at low pH to release ellagic acid (EA), a non-flavonoid polyphenolic that is subsequently metabolized by the microbiota to the bioactive urolithins (hydroxydibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones). Several urolithins, including urolithin A, reportedly have potent anti-inflammatory properties. These properties of walnuts provide the rationale for including this tree nut as part of a healthy diet for reducing overall disease risk, including colorectal cancer. This review considers the latest information regarding the potential anti-cancer and antioxidant properties of walnuts and how they may be incorporated into the diet to provide additional health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel W. Rosenberg
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
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Parlak Z, Soyer O, Sahiner UM, Sekerel BE. Characteristics of tree nut, peanut, and seed consumption in the eastern Mediterranean region. Nutr Health 2023:2601060231170250. [PMID: 37073136 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231170250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuts and seeds are among the most common causes of food allergy (FA), and consumption differences across cultures and geographic regions are thought to account for the diversity of these allergies. METHODS Caregivers of infants (age 12-24 months) with or without FA were questioned in face-to-face interviews to identify the nut and seed consumption practices in the household, during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and early childhood. RESULTS Of the 171 infants (median age: 17.3 months) included in the study, 75 were healthy and 96 had FA. More than two-thirds of the infants in the whole group started to be fed with walnuts, sesame/tahini, hazelnuts, almonds, and sunflower seeds. The percentages of healthy infants who were not fed with tree nuts, seeds, and peanuts were 4%, 4%, and 49.3%, respectively, for the healthy infants, and 11.8%, 11.8%, and 67.8% for those with FA. In the FA group, sesame and peanut consumption was initiated at a younger age, and walnut, hazelnut, and almond consumption at an older age compared to the healthy infants (p < 0.05 for each). Walnuts and sesame/tahini were the most consumed nuts at home, and peanuts and pumpkin seeds were the least consumed. Mothers reported that they increased tree nut consumption during pregnancy due to their positive effect on health and sesame/tahini consumption during breastfeeding to increase breast milk, respectively. CONCLUSION The uniqueness of Turkish culinary culture is characterized by the frequent consumption of tree nuts and seeds, with further increases during pregnancy/lactation and early introduction to the diet of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Parlak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
- Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Hacettepe İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Soyer
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Umit Murat Sahiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Bülent Enis Sekerel
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
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Cao S, Hao J, Wang Y, Zhou X, Wang F. Chitosan-coated nanoliposomes for the enhanced stability of walnut angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide. J Food Sci 2023; 88:2130-2140. [PMID: 37039471 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
This study encapsulated walnut angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides within nanoliposomes and then modified them with chitosan. The resulting effect of the nanoliposome loading and chitosan coating on physicochemical characteristics, stability, bioactivity, chemical structure, and morphology of the encapsulated peptides was assessed. The resulting particle size and polymer dispersity index revealed that the chitosan-coated nanoliposomes loaded with walnut ACE inhibitory peptides (WAIP) (CL-P) exhibited higher physical stability compared with the nanoliposomes loaded with WAIP (L-P). The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of CL-P increased from 73.32% to 76.13% after chitosan modification, and the EE of L-P and CL-P could be maintained by storage at 4°C. In addition, the antioxidant activity and ACE inhibitory activity of the peptides were effectively protected by L-P and CL-P during storage. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the nanoliposomes were bound in ionic form with both the peptides and chitosan. Transmission electron micrographs indicated the presence of vesicle-like carriers with a reservoir-type structure. This study highlights the potential of nanoliposomes and their modification with chitosan to increase the stability and bioactivity retention of ACE inhibitory peptides. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chitosan-coated nanoliposomes loaded with walnut ACE inhibitory peptides were prepared in this study. Chitosan coating increased nanoliposomes' encapsulation efficiency and provided higher physical stability. In addition, the bioactivity of the walnut ACE peptides was effectively protected during storage. This study was relevant for improving the storage and transportation used for nanoliposome systems applied in the food and health product industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinuo Cao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
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29
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Tóth T, Lakatos T. Brenneria bubanii sp. nov., isolated from decaying plant tissues. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37079453 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains (designated 4F2T and Kf) were isolated from decaying tissues of various deciduous tree species. Phylogenetic analyses based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel isolates belong to the genus Brenneria and showed highest (98.3 %) sequence similarity to Brenneria goodwinii. Isolate 4F2T formed a separate branch on the phylogenetic tree based on concatenated sequences of four housekeeping genes or whole genome sequences, clearly separate from Brenneria goodwinii, suggesting that novel isolates should belong to a novel species. Orthologous average nucleotide identity scores and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between isolate 4F2T and type strains of other species in the genus Brenneria were less than 85 and 30 %, respectively, significantly lower than the species boundary cut-off values (95 and 70 %). A negative reaction for β-galactosidase, the ability to use dextrin and maltose as carbon sources, and an inability to use lactose are the main phenotypic characteristics that can be used to differentiate the novel isolates from B. goodwinii. Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, isolates 4F2T and Kf belong to a novel species of the genus Brenneria, for which the name Brenneria bubanii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 4F2T (=NCAIM B 02661T=LMG 32183T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Tóth
- University of Debrecen, Research Institute of Újfehértó, Vadastag 2, H-4244, Újfehértó, Hungary
| | - Tamás Lakatos
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Research Centre for Fruit Growing, Park str. 2, H-1223 Budapest, Hungary
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30
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Jin F, Zhou Y, Zhang P, Huang R, Fan W, Li B, Li G, Song X, Pei D. Identification of Key Lipogenesis Stages and Proteins Involved in Walnut Kernel Development. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:4306-4318. [PMID: 36854654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are abundant in oil content, especially for polyunsaturated fatty acids, but the understanding of their formation is limited. We collected walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernels at 60, 74, 88, 102, 116, 130, and 144 days after pollination (designated S1-S7). The ultrastructure and accumulation of oil bodies (OBs) were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the oil content, fatty acid composition, and proteomic changes in walnut kernels were determined. The oil content and OB accumulation increased during the development and rose sharply from S1 to S3 stages, which are considered the key lipogenesis stage. A total of 5442 proteins were identified and determined as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) using label-free proteomic analysis. Fatty acid desaturases (FAD) 2, FAD3, oleosin, and caleosin were essential and upregulated from the S1 to S3 stages. Furthermore, the highly expressed oleosin gene JrOLE14.7 from walnuts was cloned and overexpressed in transgenic Brassica napus. The overexpression of JrOLE14.7 increased the oil content, diameter, hundred weight of seeds and changed the fatty acid composition and OB size of Brassica napus seeds. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism of oil biosynthesis and the basis for the genetic improvement of walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Baoxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Guangzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaobo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Dong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Zhou L, Zhu T, Han S, Li S, Liu Y, Lin T, Qiao T. Changes in the Histology of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Infected with Phomopsis capsici and Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054879. [PMID: 36902308 PMCID: PMC10003368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phomopsis capsici (P. capsici) causes branch blight of walnuts, which leads to significant economic loss. The molecular mechanism behind the response of walnuts remains unknown. Paraffin sectioning and transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed to explore the changes in tissue structure, gene expression, and metabolic processes in walnut after infection with P. capsici. We found that P. capsici caused serious damage to xylem vessels during the infestation of walnut branches, destroying the structure and function of the vessels and creating obstacles to the transport of nutrients and water to the branches. The transcriptome results showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly annotated in carbon metabolism and ribosomes. Further metabolome analyses verified the specific induction of carbohydrate and amino acid biosynthesis by P. capsici. Finally, association analysis was performed for DEGs and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), which focused on the synthesis and metabolic pathways of amino acids, carbon metabolism, and secondary metabolites and cofactors. Three significant metabolites were identified: succinic semialdehyde acid, fumaric acid, and phosphoenolpyruvic acid. In conclusion, this study provides data reference on the pathogenesis of walnut branch blight and direction for breeding walnut to enhance its disease resistance.
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Zou YN, Xu YJ, Liu RC, Huang GM, Kuča K, Srivastava AK, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Wu QS. Two different strategies of Diversispora spurca-inoculated walnut seedlings to improve leaf P acquisition at low and moderate P levels. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1140467. [PMID: 36909381 PMCID: PMC9995707 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1140467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia) is an important nut tree species in the world, whereas walnut trees often face inadequate phosphorus (P) levels of soil, negatively limiting its growth and yield. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can colonize walnut roots, but whether and how AMF promotes walnut growth, physiological activities, and P acquisition is unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Diversispora spurca on plant growth, chlorophyll component concentrations, leaf gas exchange, sugar and P concentrations, and expression of purple acid phosphatase (PAP) and phosphate transporter (PT) genes in leaves of J. regia var. Liaohe 1 seedling under moderate (100 μmol/L P) and low P (1 μmol/L P) levels conditions. Three months after inoculation, the root mycorrhizal colonization rate and soil hyphal length were 45.6-53.2% and 18.7-39.9 cm/g soil, respectively, and low P treatment significantly increased both root mycorrhizal colonization rate and soil hyphal length. Low P levels inhibited plant growth (height, stem diameter, and total biomass) and leaf gas exchange (photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance), while AMF colonization significantly increased these variables at moderate and low P levels. Low P treatment limited the level of chlorophyll a, but AMF colonization did not significantly affect the level of chlorophyll components, independent on soil P levels. AMF colonization also increased leaf glucose at appropriate P levels and leaf fructose at low P levels than non-AMF treatment. AMF colonization significantly increased leaf P concentration by 21.0-26.2% than non-AMF colonization at low and moderate P levels. Low P treatment reduced the expression of leaf JrPAP10, JrPAP12, and JrPT3;2 in the inoculated plants, whereas AMF colonization up-regulated the expression of leaf JrPAP10, JrPAP12, and JrPT3;2 at moderate P levels, although AMF did not significantly alter the expression of JrPAPs and JrPTs at low P levels. It is concluded that AMF improved plant growth, leaf gas exchange, and P acquisition of walnut seedlings at different P levels, where mycorrhizal promotion of P acquisition was dominated by direct mycorrhizal involvement in P uptake at low P levels, while up-regulation of host PAPs and PTs expressions at moderate P levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ning Zou
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | | | - Rui-Cheng Liu
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Guang-Ming Huang
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | | | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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Li H, Tang Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Niu H. Technological parameter optimization for walnut shell-kernel winnowing device based on neural network. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1107836. [PMID: 36815885 PMCID: PMC9932597 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1107836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection method for technological parameter is outdates as the traditional test cycle is long as well as the measurement error and the test amount are huge. Moreover, it is difficult to disclose the operation mechanism of devices as the operation is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, numerical simulation was used in this study to reveal the mechanism of the walnut shell-kernel winnowing device. Moreover, the influence of baffle opening combinations, inlet wind velocity and inlet angle on cleaning rate and loss rate was predicted by the neural network model. The results demonstrated that inlet wind velocity was the primary influencing factor of cleaning rate, followed by baffle opening and inlet angle. Besides, inlet wind velocity was the primary influencing factor of loss rate, followed by inlet angle and baffle opening. The winnowing device performed best (79.91% cleaning rate, 14.37% loss rate) when the baffle opening, inlet wind velocity and inlet angle were 7.01 cm, 24.36 m/s, and 9.47°. In addition, 1/8 walnut shells and 1/4 walnut kernels were incorrectly classified due to the increase in inlet wind velocity. The inlet wind velocity was considered the major cause behind the deteriorating winnowing performance of the device. Finally, the bench test and simulation optimization results were compared. The cleaning rate and loss rate relative error during the simulation test was lower than 1.06%, which ascertained the feasibility and validity of the neural network as well as the combined numerical simulation method. This study could be useful for future research and development of shell-kernel winnowing devices for hard nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Mechanical Electrification Engineering, Tarim University, Alar, China,Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Yurong Tang
- College of Mechanical Electrification Engineering, Tarim University, Alar, China,Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Mechanical Electrification Engineering, Tarim University, Alar, China,Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Mechanical Electrification Engineering, Tarim University, Alar, China,Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Yongcheng Zhang
- College of Mechanical Electrification Engineering, Tarim University, Alar, China,Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Hao Niu
- College of Mechanical Electrification Engineering, Tarim University, Alar, China,Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tarim University, Alar, China,*Correspondence: Hao Niu,
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Xiao J, Liu Z, Sun S, Fan C, Wang D, Zhang D. Complete Genome Sequence of Pantoea agglomerans CHTF15, a Walnut Pathogen. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2023; 36:134-137. [PMID: 36693088 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-22-0216-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The phytopathogen Pantoea agglomerans belongs to the Bacteria, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacterales, Erwiniaceae in species classification. It causes disease symptoms in many plants such as corn, banana, and walnut. This study aimed to report the complete genome of P. agglomerans CHTF15, which represents the first whole-genome sequence of an isolate from diseased walnut leaves. The total length of the assembled genome was 4,820,607 bp, with an average GC content of 55.3%, including a circular chromosome and three circular plasmids, two of which were previously unreported sequences and one was announced previously. The CHTF15 genome helps understand the pathogenic mechanism of this important plant pathogen and provides an important theoretical basis for disease epidemic and field control. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 "No Rights Reserved" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Xiao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, Baoding, China
| | - Zhaosha Liu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, Baoding, China
| | - Shangyi Sun
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, Baoding, China
| | - Chenxi Fan
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, Baoding, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, Baoding, China
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Shi W, Zhang D, Ma Z. Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid and Lipid Biosynthesis in Developing Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Seed Kernels from Qinghai Plateau. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3207. [PMID: 36501246 PMCID: PMC9737478 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia) is an important woody oil-bearing plant with high nutritional value. For better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of its oil accumulation in the Qinghai Plateau, in this study we monitored walnut fruit development, and 15 cDNA libraries were constructed from walnut seed kernels collected at 72, 79, 93, 118 and 135 days after flowering (DAF). The candidate genes were identified using sequencing and expression analysis. The results showed that the oil content in the kernels increased dramatically in late July and reached the maximum value of 69% in mature seed. More than 90% of the oils were unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and linoleic acid (18:2) was the predominant UFA accumulated in mature seed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 15 KEGG pathways of lipid metabolism were detected. We identified 119 DEGs related to FA de novo biosynthesis (38 DEGs), FA elongation and desaturation (39 DEGs), triacylglycerol (TAG) assembly (24 DEGs), oil bodies (12 DEGs), and transcription factors (TFs, 6 DEGs). The abundantly expressed oleosins, caleosins and steroleosins may be important for timely energy reserve in oil bodies. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that AP2/ERF and bHLH were the key TFs, and were co-expressed with ACC1, α-CT, BCCP, MAT, KASII, LACS, FATA, and PDCT. Our transcriptome data will enrich public databases and provide new insights into functional genes related to the seed kernel lipid metabolism and oil accumulation in J. regia.
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Mitsikaris PD, Kokokiris L, Pritsa A, Papadopoulos AN, Kalogiouri NP. Investigating the Tocopherol Contents of Walnut Seed Oils Produced in Different European Countries Analyzed by HPLC-UV: A Comparative Study on the Basis of Geographical Origin. Foods 2022; 11. [PMID: 36429311 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid HPLC-UV method was developed for the determination of tocopherols in walnut seed oils. The method was validated and the LODs ranged between 0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg, while the LOQs were calculated over the range of 0.50 to 1.00 mg/kg. The accuracy values ranged between 90.8 and 97.1% for the within-day assay (n = 6) and between 90.4 and 95.8% for the between-day assay (n = 3 × 3), respectively. The precision of the method was evaluated and the RSD% values were lower than 6.1 and 8.2, respectively. Overall, 40 samples of walnuts available on the Greek market, originating from four different European countries (Greece, Ukraine, France, and Bulgaria), were processed into oils and analyzed. One-way ANOVA was implemented in order to investigate potential statistically significant disparities between the concentrations of tocopherols in the walnut oils on the basis of the geographical origin, and Tukey's post hoc test was also performed to examine exactly which varieties differed. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that the Ukrainian walnut seed oils exhibited significantly higher total concentrations compared to the rest of the samples.
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Zhang QQ, Shi J, Shen PY, Xi F, Qian CY, Zhang GH, Zhu HJ, Xiao HM. Exploring the Efficacy of Biocontrol Microbes against the Fungal Pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea JNHT01 Isolated from Fresh Walnut Fruit. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223651. [PMID: 36429242 PMCID: PMC9689359 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control by antagonistic microorganisms are an effective and environmentally friendly approach in postharvest disease management. In order to develop a biocontrol agent for fresh walnut fruit preservation, the potential biocontrol effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RD.006 and Hanseniaspora uvarum FA.006 against the main fungal pathogen of walnuts were evaluated. Botryosphaeria species showed the highest detection, and the JNHT01 strain showed the strongest pathogenicity. Bot. dothidea JNHT01 caused gray mold and brown rot on fresh walnuts, and its incidence rate reached 100% after an 8 days incubation. The growth of this fungal strain can be promoted by lighting, with a maximum growth rate achieved at a pH of 7 and at 28 °C. B. amyloliquefaciens RD.006 and H. uvarum FA.006 supernatants at a concentration of 1-15% v/v showed antifungal activity. The mycelial growth inhibition rates of Bot. dothidea JNHT01 were 23.67-82.61% for B. amyloliquefaciens RD.006 and 1.45-21.74% for H. uvarum FA.006. During Bot. dothidea JNHT01 growth, the biomass, nucleic acid leakage, and malondialdehyde content gradually increased, while the DPPH scavenging capacity and SOD activity decreased. The B. amyloliquefaciens RD.006 and H. uvarum FA.006 strains showed antifungal activity by damaging fungal cell membranes and reducing fungal antioxidant activity. Moreover, the antifungal effect of B. amyloliquefaciens RD.006 was higher than that of H. uvarum FA.006. Hence, the RD.006 strain of B. amyloliquefaciens can be considered a potential biocontrol agent for the management of postharvest walnut diseases caused by Bot. dothidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Qin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (H.M.X.)
| | - Jie Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (H.M.X.)
| | - Pei Yao Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (H.M.X.)
| | - Fei Xi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (H.M.X.)
| | - Cheng Yu Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (H.M.X.)
| | - Guo Hua Zhang
- Shandong Wukangxuan Modern Agriculture and Forestry Development Co., Ltd., Zoucheng 273519, China
| | - Hai Jun Zhu
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hong Mei Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (H.M.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-02584395618
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Vahdati K, Sadeghi-Majd R, Sestras AF, Licea-Moreno RJ, Peixe A, Sestras RE. Clonal Propagation of Walnuts ( Juglans spp.): A Review on Evolution from Traditional Techniques to Application of Biotechnology. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3040. [PMID: 36432769 PMCID: PMC9699183 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts (Juglans sp.) are allogamous species. Seed-derived plants are not always superior to the selected parent. Clonal propagation of selected stock plants is an essential requirement for the clonal fidelity of the descendants and to maintain their genetic structure. Selection of the desired plant is realized only after reaching maturity, and characterizing and evaluating the performance of adult trees require a long time. Clonal propagation methods ensure proper transmission of characters to descendants and can be used effectively in breeding programs. The commercialization of a cultivar or rootstock depends on the success of vegetative propagation. Walnuts, like other tree species, are recalcitrant to conventional vegetative propagation methods and even non-conventional in vitro culture (micropropagation). Elucidation of factors determining the success of cloning of desired plants would contribute to understanding current limitations for most genotypes of Juglans. We outline the role of grafting and cuttings and stool layering, as well as in vitro culture on walnut multiplication. These techniques are, in practice, entirely different; nevertheless, they are affected by common factors. The incompatibility of stock-scion and the reduced ability of stem cuttings to root are the main bottlenecks for grafting and cutting, respectively. Genotype, age, and physiological status, reinvigoration or rejuvenation-treatment of donor plant, period of harvesting and processing of explants critically affect the results of methods followed. The in vitro culture technology is the most suitable for walnut cloning. This also has constraints that affect commercial propagation of most desired genotypes. We describe comprehensive results and synthesis in this review on the asexual reproduction of walnuts, providing a better comprehension of the limiting factors and the ways to overcome them, with direct implications on commercial propagation and the releasing of outstanding genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Vahdati
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran
| | - Rasoul Sadeghi-Majd
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran
| | - Adriana F. Sestras
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Augusto Peixe
- MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Department of Plant Science, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Radu E. Sestras
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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An M, Cao C, Wu Z, Luo K. Detection Method for Walnut Shell-Kernel Separation Accuracy Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:8301. [PMID: 36365998 PMCID: PMC9658913 DOI: 10.3390/s22218301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was adopted for the collection of 1200 spectra of three types of walnut materials after breaking the shells. A detection model of the walnut shell-kernel separation accuracy was established. The preprocessing method of de-trending (DT) was adopted. A classification model based on a support vector machine (SVM) and an extreme learning machine (ELM) was established with the principal component factor as the input variable. The effect of the penalty value (C) and kernel width (g) on the SVM model was discussed. The selection criteria of the number of hidden layer nodes (L) in the ELM model were studied, and a genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the input layer weight (W) and the hidden layer threshold value (B) of the ELM. The results revealed that the classification accuracy of SVM and ELM models for the shell, kernel, and chimera was 97.78% and 97.11%. The proposed method can serve as a reference for the detection of walnut shell-kernel separation accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui An
- School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chengmao Cao
- School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhengmin Wu
- School of Tea and Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kun Luo
- School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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40
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Wang S, Tan Y, Li S, Zhu T. Structural and Dynamic Analysis of Leaf-Associated Fungal Community of Walnut Leaves Infected by Leaf Spot Disease Based Illumina High-Throughput Sequencing Technology. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:429-441. [PMID: 36185023 PMCID: PMC9608163 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf-associated microbiota is vital in plant-environment interactions and is the basis for micro-ecological regulation. However, there are no studies on the direct differences in microbial community composition between disease-susceptible and healthy walnut leaves. This study collected five samples of healthy and infected leaves (all leaves with abnormal spots were considered diseased leaves) from May to October 2018. Differences in fungal diversity (Chao1 index, Shannon index, and Simpson index) and community structure were observed by sequencing and analyzing diseased and healthy leaf microbial communities by Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology. The main fungal phyla of walnut leaf-associated were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota. Diversity indices (Shannon and Chao1 index values) of healthy leaves differed significantly in the late stages of disease onset. The results showed that the fungal species that differed considerably between the healthy and infected groups differed, and the fungal species that differed significantly between the healthy and infected groups changed with the development of the leaf disease. Critical control time points were determined by analyzing the population dynamics of pathogenic fungi. Leaf-associated microorganisms are abundant and diverse, and fungal identification and diversity studies are helpful for developing more appropriate walnut management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Tan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Chengdu Botanical Garden, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China, T. Zhu, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China # Shiwei Wang and Yu Tan contribute equally to this work and are co-first authors.
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Moon JH, Kim JM, Lee U, Kang JY, Kim MJ, Lee HL, Jeong HR, Go MJ, Kim HJ, Park HW, Kim CW, Park SJ, Heo HJ. Walnut Prevents Cognitive Impairment by Regulating the Synaptic and Mitochondrial Dysfunction via JNK Signaling and Apoptosis Pathway in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6 Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:5316. [PMID: 36014555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of Juglans regia (walnut, Gimcheon 1ho cultivar, GC) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. The main physiological compounds of GC were identified as pedunculagin/casuariin isomer, strictinin, tellimagrandin I, ellagic acid-O-pentoside, and ellagic acid were identified using UPLC Q-TOF/MS analysis. To evaluate the neuro-protective effect of GC, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorecein diacetate (DCF-DA) analysis were conducted in H2O2 and high glucose-induced neuronal PC12 cells and hippocampal HT22 cells. GC presented significant cell viability and inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. GC ameliorated behavioral and memory dysfunction through Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. In addition, GC reduced white adipose tissue (WAT), liver fat mass, and serum dyslipidemia. To assess the inhibitory effect of antioxidant system deficit, lipid peroxidation, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were conducted. Administration of GC protected the antioxidant damage against HFD-induced diabetic oxidative stress. To estimate the ameliorating effect of GC, acetylcholine (ACh) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and expression of AChE and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were conducted, and the supplements of GC suppressed the cholinergic system impairment. Furthermore, GC restored mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating the mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels in cerebral tissues. Finally, GC ameliorated cerebral damage by synergically regulating the protein expression of the JNK signaling and apoptosis pathway. These findings suggest that GC could provide a potential functional food source to improve diabetic cognitive deficits and neuronal impairments.
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Zhou R, Dong Y, Liu X, Feng S, Wang C, Ma X, Liu J, Liang Q, Bao Y, Xu S, Lang X, Gai S, Yang KQ, Fang H. JrWRKY21 interacts with JrPTI5L to activate the expression of JrPR5L for resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in walnut. Plant J 2022; 111:1152-1166. [PMID: 35765867 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) anthracnose, induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a catastrophic disease impacting the walnut industry in China. Although WRKY transcription factors play a key role in plant immunity, the function of the WRKY gene family in walnut resistance to C. gloeosporioides is not clear. Here, through transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we identified a differentially expressed gene, JrWRKY21, that was significantly upregulated upon C. gloeosporioides infection in walnut. JrWRKY21 positively regulated walnut resistance to C. gloeosporioides, as demonstrated by virus-induced gene silencing and transient gene overexpression. Additionally, JrWRKY21 directly interacted with the transcriptional activator of the pathogenesis-related (PR) gene JrPTI5L in vitro and in vivo, and could bind to the W-box in the JrPTI5L promoter for transcriptional activation. Moreover, JrPTI5L could induce the expression of the PR gene JrPR5L through binding to the GCCGAC motif in the promoter. Our data support that JrWRKY21 can indirectly activate the expression of the JrPR5L gene via the WRKY21-PTI5L protein complex to promote resistance against C. gloeosporioides in walnut. The results will enhance our understanding of the mechanism behind walnut disease resistance and facilitate the genetic improvement of walnut by molecular breeding for anthracnose-resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shan Feng
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinmei Ma
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianning Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Liang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Bao
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengyi Xu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinya Lang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shasha Gai
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ke Qiang Yang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
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Cuesta-Morrondo S, Redondo C, Palacio-Bielsa A, Garita-Cambronero J, Cubero J. Complete Genome Sequence Resources of Six Strains of the Most Virulent Pathovars of Xanthomonas arboricola Using Long- and Short-Read Sequencing Approaches. Phytopathology 2022; 112:1808-1813. [PMID: 35522570 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-21-0436-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cuesta-Morrondo
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Centro Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid 28040, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Redondo
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Centro Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ana Palacio-Bielsa
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Cubero
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Centro Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid 28040, Spain
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Jiménez Luna I, Doll D, Ashworth VETM, Trouillas FP, Rolshausen PE. Comparative Profiling of Wood Canker Pathogens from Spore Traps and Symptomatic Plant Samples Within California Almond and Walnut Orchards. Plant Dis 2022; 106:2182-2190. [PMID: 35077222 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-21-1057-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungi causing wood canker diseases are major factors limiting productivity and longevity of almond and walnut orchards. The goal of this study was to compare pathogen profiles from spore traps with those of plant samples collected from symptomatic almond and walnut trees and assess if profiles could be influenced by orchard type and age, rainfall amount and frequency, and/or neighboring trees. Three almond orchards and one walnut orchard with different characteristics were selected for this study. Fungal inoculum was captured weekly from nine trees per orchard using a passive spore-trapping device, during a 30-week period in the rainy season (October to April) and for two consecutive years. Fungal taxa identified from spore traps were compared with a collection of fungal isolates obtained from 61 symptomatic wood samples collected from the orchards. Using a culture-dependent approach coupled with molecular identification, we identified 18 known pathogenic species from 10 fungal genera (Ceratocystis destructans, Collophorina hispanica, Cytospora eucalypti, Diaporthe ampelina, Diaporthe chamaeropis/rhusicola, Diaporthe eres, Diaporthe novem, Diplodia corticola, Diplodia mutila, Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella iberica, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Dothiorella viticola, Eutypa lata, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, and Pleurostoma richardsiae), plus two unidentified Cytospora and Diaporthe species. However, only four species were identified with both methods (Diplodia mutila, Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella Iberica, and E. lata), albeit not consistently across orchards. Our results demonstrate a clear disparity between the two diagnostic methods and caution against using passive spore traps to predict disease risks. In particular, the spore trap approach failed to capture: insect-vectored pathogens such as Ceratocystis destructans that were often recovered from almond trunk and scaffold; Diaporthe chamaeropis/rhusicola commonly isolated from wood samples likely because Diaporthe species have a spatially restricted dispersal mechanism, as spores are exuded in a cirrus; and pathogenic species with low incidence in wood samples such as P. richardsiae and Collophorina hispanica. We propose that orchard inoculum is composed of both endemic taxa that are characterized by frequent and repeated trapping events from the same trees and isolated from plant samples, as well as immigrant taxa characterized by rare trapping events. We hypothesize that host type, orchard age, precipitation, and alternative hosts at the periphery of orchards are factors that could affect pathogen profile. We discuss the limitations and benefits of our methodology and experimental design to develop guidelines and prediction tools for fungal wood canker diseases in California orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Jiménez Luna
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - David Doll
- University of California Agricultural and Natural Resources, Merced, CA 95343
| | - Vanessa E T M Ashworth
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Florent P Trouillas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Philippe E Rolshausen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
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Zarei S, Taghavi SM, Rahimi T, Mafakheri H, Potnis N, Koebnik R, Fischer-Le Saux M, Pothier JF, Palacio Bielsa A, Cubero J, Portier P, Jacques MA, Osdaghi E. Taxonomic Refinement of Xanthomonas arboricola. Phytopathology 2022; 112:1630-1639. [PMID: 35196068 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-21-0519-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas arboricola comprises a number of economically important fruit tree pathogens classified within different pathovars. Dozens of nonpathogenic and taxonomically unvalidated strains are also designated as X. arboricola, leading to a complicated taxonomic status in the species. In this study, we have evaluated the whole-genome resources of all available Xanthomonas spp. strains designated as X. arboricola in the public databases to refine the members of the species based on DNA similarity indexes and core genome-based phylogeny. Our results show that, of the nine validly described pathovars within X. arboricola, pathotype strains of seven pathovars are taxonomically genuine, belonging to the core clade of the species regardless of their pathogenicity on the host of isolation (thus the validity of pathovar status). However, strains of X. arboricola pv. guizotiae and X. arboricola pv. populi do not belong to X. arboricola because of the low DNA similarities between the type strain of the species and the pathotype strains of these two pathovars. Thus, we propose to elevate the two pathovars to the rank of a species as X. guizotiae sp. nov. with the type strain CFBP 7408T and X. populina sp. nov. with the type strain CFBP 3123T. In addition, other mislabeled strains of X. arboricola were scattered within Xanthomonas spp. that belong to previously described species or represent novel species that await formal description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Zarei
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - S Mohsen Taghavi
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Touraj Rahimi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Mafakheri
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Neha Potnis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, U.S.A
| | - Ralf Koebnik
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Joël F Pothier
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute for Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Ana Palacio Bielsa
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jaime Cubero
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Centro Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Perrine Portier
- Institut Agro, Université de Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, Angers, France
| | - Marie-Agnes Jacques
- Institut Agro, Université de Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, Angers, France
| | - Ebrahim Osdaghi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Chen J, Han S, Li S, Wang M, Zhu H, Qiao T, Lin T, Zhu T. Comparative Transcriptomics and Gene Knockout Reveal Virulence Factors of Neofusicoccum parvum in Walnut. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:926620. [PMID: 35910616 PMCID: PMC9335079 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.926620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neofusicoccum parvum can cause stem and branch blight of walnut (Juglans spp.), resulting in great economic losses and ecological damage. A total of two strains of N. parvum were subjected to RNA-sequencing after being fed on different substrates, sterile water (K1/K2), and walnut (T1/T2), and the function of ABC1 was verified by gene knockout. There were 1,834, 338, and 878 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the K1 vs. K2, T1 vs. K1, and T2 vs. K2 comparison groups, respectively. The expression changes in thirty DEGs were verified by fluorescent quantitative PCR. These thirty DEGs showed the same expression patterns under both RNA-seq and PCR. In addition, ΔNpABC1 showed weaker virulence due to gene knockout, and the complementary strain NpABC1c showed the same virulence as the wild-type strain. Compared to the wild-type and complemented strains, the relative growth of ΔNpABC1 was significantly decreased when grown with H2O2, NaCl, Congo red, chloramphenicol, MnSO4, and CuSO4. The disease index of walnuts infected by the mutants was significantly lower than those infected by the wild-type and complementary strains. This result indicates that ABC1 gene is required for the stress response and virulence of N. parvum and may be involved in heavy metal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Han
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Ecological Institute, Academy of Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Inventory and Planning, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanmingyue Zhu
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Qiao
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Tan J, Cheng Y, Wang S, Li J, Ren H, Qiao Y, Li Q, Wang Y. The Chemical Constituents of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus and Their Inhibitory Effect on α-Glucosidase Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103045. [PMID: 35630524 PMCID: PMC9143591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In our current investigation, 37 constituents (1-37), including 11 megastigmanes (1-11), 17 flavonoids (12-28) and 9 phenylpropanoids (29-37), were isolated from a 70%-EtOH extract of Diaphragma juglandis Fructus. Among them, compounds 1-3, 12 and 29 were new compounds and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical evidence and meticulous spectroscopic analysis (NMR, HRESIMS and CD). Compounds 13, 16, 21 and 28 showed moderate inhibitory effect on α-glycosidase inhibitory activities, with IC50 values being in the range of 29.47-54.82 µM and stronger than the positive control (acarbose, 60.01 ± 4.82 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Tan
- Shanxi Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (H.R.)
| | - Yangang Cheng
- Shanxi Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (H.R.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China;
| | - Shihui Wang
- Shanxi Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (H.R.)
| | - Jianli Li
- Shanxi Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (H.R.)
| | - Haiqin Ren
- Shanxi Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (H.R.)
| | - Yuanbiao Qiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China;
| | - Qingshan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-0351-3179901 (Y.W.)
| | - Yingli Wang
- Shanxi Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (H.R.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-0351-3179901 (Y.W.)
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Fregapane G, Cabezas Fernández C, Salvador MD. Emulsion and Microemulsion Systems to Improve Functional Edible Oils Enriched with Walnut and Pistachio Phenolic Extracts. Foods 2022; 11:1210. [PMID: 35563934 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to improve the properties of functional edible oils with potential health promoting effects, enriched with phenolic-rich extracts obtained from pistachio and walnut (5.1 and 27.4% phenolic contents respectively), by means of emulsion and micro emulsion systems. Stable water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions were obtained employing polyglycerol polyrhizinoleate (PGPR) as emulsifier (0.5, 2% H2O in oil), despite having a whitish and opaque appearance; transparent and stable microemulsions were prepared using proper proportion (e.g., 97:3) between the oily phase and the mixture of aqueous phase and emulsifiers (3:2 lecithin-distilled monoglycerides (DMG). Total polar phenolics contents ranging between 257 and 835 mg/kg were obtained in the novel functional edible oils' formulations, reaching higher content using walnut as compared to pistachio extracts. Antioxidant capacity determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH) method increased approx. 7.5 and 1.5 times using walnut and pistachio extracts respectively. An emulsion using gallic acid and a microemulsion employing hydroxytyrosol, two well-known antioxidants, were also studied to compare antioxidant capacity of the proposed enriched oils. Furthermore, the oxidative stability of these products-very relevant to establish their commercial value-was measured under accelerated testing conditions employing the Rancimat equipment (100 °C) and performing an oven test (at 40 °C for walnut oils and 60 °C for pistachio and refined olive oils). Rancimat oxidative stability greatly increased and better results were obtained with walnut (2-3 times higher) as compared to pistachio extract enriched oils (1.5-2 times higher). On the contrary, under the oven test conditions, both the initial oxidation rate constant and the time required to reach a value of peroxide value equal to 15 (upper commercial category limit), indicated that under these assay conditions the protection against oxidation is higher using pistachio extract (2-4 times higher) than walnut's (1.5-2 times higher). Stable emulsions and transparent microemulsions phenolic-rich nut oils (250-800 mg/kg) were therefore developed, possessing a higher oxidative stability (1.5-4 times) and DPPH antioxidant capacity (1.5-7.5 times).
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Esselun C, Dieter F, Sus N, Frank J, Eckert GP. Walnut Oil Reduces Aβ Levels and Increases Neurite Length in a Cellular Model of Early Alzheimer Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:1694. [PMID: 35565661 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Mitochondria are the cells' main source of energy. Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a key hallmark of aging and is linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Maintaining mitochondrial function might contribute to healthy aging and the prevention of AD. The Mediterranean diet, including walnuts, seems to prevent age-related neurodegeneration. Walnuts are a rich source of α-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential n3-fatty acid and the precursor for n3-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA), which might potentially improve mitochondrial function. (2) Methods: We tested whether a lipophilic walnut extract (WE) affects mitochondrial function and other parameters in human SH-SY5Y cells transfected with the neuronal amyloid precursor protein (APP695). Walnut lipids were extracted using a Soxhlet Extraction System and analyzed using GC/MS and HPLC/FD. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations were quantified under basal conditions in cell culture, as well as after rotenone-induced stress. Neurite outgrowth was investigated, as well as membrane integrity, cellular reactive oxygen species, cellular peroxidase activity, and citrate synthase activity. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) was quantified using homogenous time-resolved fluorescence. (3) Results: The main constituents of WE are linoleic acid, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ- and δ-tocopherol. Basal ATP levels following rotenone treatment, as well as citrate synthase activity, were increased after WE treatment. WE significantly increased cellular reactive oxygen species but lowered peroxidase activity. Membrane integrity was not affected. Furthermore, WE treatment reduced Aβ1-40 and stimulated neurite growth. (4) Conclusions: WE might increase ATP production after induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. Decreased Aβ1-40 formation and enhanced ATP levels might enhance neurite growth, making WE a potential agent to enhance neuronal function and to prevent the development of AD. In this sense, WE could be a promising agent for the prevention of AD.
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Gómez-López VM, Noguera-Artiaga L, Figueroa-Morales F, Girón F, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Gabaldón JA, Pérez-López AJ. Effect of Pulsed Light on Quality of Shelled Walnuts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091186. [PMID: 35563906 PMCID: PMC9103840 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shelled walnuts are considered a microbiologically low-risk food but have been linked to some outbreaks, and a treatment aiming to decrease this risk is desirable. Pulsed light (PL) may be an alternative, providing it does not seriously impair their quality. This work assessed the impact of PL on some quality attributes of walnuts. To do this, measurements of rancidity, volatiles, total phenols, antioxidant activity, and descriptive sensory analysis were carried out on untreated and PL (43 J/cm2)-treated kernels. PL had no statistically significant (p > 0.05) effects on TBARS, peroxide value, total phenols, and antioxidant activity but significantly increased the concentration of volatiles related to green/herbaceous odors and decreased compounds related to fruity and citrus odors. The descriptors nut overall, walnut odor and flavor, and aftertaste were given statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher scores, while descriptors woody odor and sweet received lower scores; 16 other traits such as all those related to color, texture, and rancidity were unaffected. No significant (p > 0.05) effects on total phenols and antioxidant activity in general were observed during the course of PL treatment. It can be concluded that PL technology may be used in shelled walnuts with only mild effects on their quality; a storage study must be carried out in order to determine the effect of PL treatment on its shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Manuel Gómez-López
- Catedra Alimentos para la Salud, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Luis Noguera-Artiaga
- Research Group “Food Quality and Safety”, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (L.N.-A.); (Á.A.C.-B.)
| | - Fernando Figueroa-Morales
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (F.F.-M.); (F.G.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Francisco Girón
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (F.F.-M.); (F.G.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Ángel Antonio Carbonell-Barrachina
- Research Group “Food Quality and Safety”, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (L.N.-A.); (Á.A.C.-B.)
| | - José Antonio Gabaldón
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (F.F.-M.); (F.G.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Antonio Jose Pérez-López
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (F.F.-M.); (F.G.); (J.A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 34-968-278-622
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