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Li X, Wang Q, Li Q, Wang Y, Tian Y, He A, Chen Y, Si S. Biological effects of perfluoroalkyl substances on running water ecosystems: A case study in Beiluo River, China. J Hazard Mater 2024; 468:133808. [PMID: 38387177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging contaminants that pose a threat to the biodiversity of the Beiluo River, a polluted watercourse on the Loess Plateau impacted by diverse human activities. However, the occurrence, spatial distribution, and substitution characteristics of PFASs in this region remain unclear. This study aimed to unravel PFAS distribution patterns and their impact on the aquatic ecosystems of the Beiluo River Basin. The total PFAS concentration in the area ranged from 16.64-35.70 ng/L, with predominantly perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), collectively contributing 94%. The Mantel test revealed threats to aquatic communities from both legacy long-chain (perfluorooctanoic acid and sodium perfluorooctane sulfonic acid) and emerging (6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, 2-Perfluorohexyl ethanoic acid, and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (Gen-X)) PFSAs. The canonical correspondence analysis ordination indicated that trace quantities of emerging PFASs, specifically 2-Perfluorohexyl ethanoic acid and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (Gen-X), significantly influenced geographical variations in aquatic communities. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of comprehensively exploring the ecological implications and potential risks associated with PFASs in the Beiluo River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yulu Tian
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Anen He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Shaocheng Si
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China.
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Roque CS, de Castro M, Castro TG, Silva C, Cavaco-Paulo A, Noro J. Solvent-free synthesis of hydrophobic and amphiphilic esters using a chemically modified lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus: a comparative study with native and immobilized forms. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300843. [PMID: 38169079 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Using lipases to catalyze the synthesis of the most differentiated type of compounds remains one of the major challenges among scientists. Seeking more economic and advantageous catalysts is a current goal of green chemistry. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of a chemically modified form of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (cmLTL) for the synthesis of both hydrophobic (heptyl heptanoate, heptyl octanoate, heptyl decanoate, decyl heptanoate, decyl octanoate and decyl decanoate) and amphiphilic (2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl oleate and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl linoleate) esters, in bulk. The results were compared with its native (LTL) and immobilized (imLTL) forms. The data revealed that LTL showed poor activity for all reactions performed with n-heptane (η<20 %). ImLTL was able to synthesize all hydrophobic esters (η>60 %), with exception of the short ester, heptyl heptanoate. cmLTL was the only form of LTL capable of producing hydrophobic and amphiphilic esters, without compromising the yield when the reactions were performed under solvent-free conditions (>50 %). Molecular modeling showed that the active pocket of cmLTL is able to deeply internalize transcutol, with stronger interactions, justifying the outstanding results obtained. Furthermore, owing to the possibility of cmLTL filtration, the reusability of the catalyst is ensured for at least 6 cycles, without compromising the reaction yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina S Roque
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- Solfarcos - Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic, Solutions, 4710-053 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana de Castro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- Solfarcos - Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic, Solutions, 4710-053 Braga, Portugal
| | - Tarsila G Castro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- Solfarcos - Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic, Solutions, 4710-053 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jennifer Noro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- Solfarcos - Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic, Solutions, 4710-053 Braga, Portugal
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Averina M, Huber S, Almås B, Brox J, Jacobsen BK, Furberg AS, Grimnes G. Early menarche and other endocrine disrupting effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in adolescents from Northern Norway. The Fit Futures study. Environ Res 2024; 242:117703. [PMID: 37984785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise a large group of chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment and include recognized persistent organic pollutants. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate possible endocrine disrupting effects of different PFAS in adolescents. METHODS Serum concentrations of PFAS, thyroid, parathyroid and steroid hormones were measured in 921 adolescents aged 15-19 years in the Fit Futures study, Northern Norway. The questionnaire included data on self-reported age at menarche and puberty development score (PDS). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses and principle component analyses (PCA) were used to assess associations of PFAS with hormones concentrations and puberty indices. RESULTS In girls, total PFAS (∑PFAS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) were positively associated with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and negatively associated with 11-deoxycorticosterone (11-DOC)/DHEAS ratio. In boys, the associations with 11-DOC/DHEAS ratio were positive for ∑PFAS, perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS), PFOA, and PFOS. Perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) was negatively associated with free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) in boys. PFNA and PFDA were also negatively associated with fT3 in boys. Serum parathyroid hormone concentration (PTH) was negatively associated with ∑PFAS and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) in girls, and with PFOS in boys. PFDA and PFUnDA were positively associated with early menarche, while ∑PFAS and PFOA were positively associated with PDS in boys. No associations of PFAS with serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, or luteinizing hormone were found in either sex. In girls, PFOA was positively associated with free testosterone index (FTI). In boys, PFOA was positively associated with androstendione and 17-OH-progesterone, while PFHpA was positively associated with estradiol. CONCLUSIONS Serum concentrations of several PFAS were associated with parathyroid and steroid hormones in both sexes, and with thyroid hormones in boys, as well as with early menarche in girls and higher PDS in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Averina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 67, 9019, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinological and Geriatric Research Group, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Sandra Huber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 67, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørg Almås
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsveien 22, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Brox
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 67, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjarne K Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway; Center for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 67, 9019, Tromsø, Norway; Molde University College, Britvegen 2, 6410, Molde, Norway
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinological and Geriatric Research Group, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 67, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
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Nurjanah S, Gerding A, Vieira-Lara MA, Evers B, Langelaar-Makkinje M, Spiekerkoetter U, Bakker BM, Tucci S. Heptanoate Improves Compensatory Mechanism of Glucose Homeostasis in Mitochondrial Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Defect. Nutrients 2023; 15:4689. [PMID: 37960342 PMCID: PMC10649308 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) impair metabolic flexibility, which is an essential process for energy homeostasis. Very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCADD; OMIM 609575) deficiency is the most common long-chain mitochondrial FAO disorder presenting with hypoglycemia as a common clinical manifestation. To prevent hypoglycemia, triheptanoin-a triglyceride composed of three heptanoates (C7) esterified with a glycerol backbone-can be used as a dietary treatment, since it is metabolized into precursors for gluconeogenesis. However, studies investigating the effect of triheptanoin on glucose homeostasis are limited. To understand the role of gluconeogenesis in the pathophysiology of long-chain mitochondrial FAO defects, we injected VLCAD-deficient (VLCAD-/-) mice with 13C3-glycerol in the presence and absence of heptanoate (C7). The incorporation of 13C3-glycerol into blood glucose was higher in VLCAD-/- mice than in WT mice, whereas the difference disappeared in the presence of C7. The result correlates with 13C enrichment of liver metabolites in VLCAD-/- mice. In contrast, the C7 bolus significantly decreased the 13C enrichment. These data suggest that the increased contribution of gluconeogenesis to the overall glucose production in VLCAD-/- mice increases the need for gluconeogenesis substrate, thereby avoiding hypoglycemia. Heptanoate is a suitable substrate to induce glucose production in mitochondrial FAO defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nurjanah
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (U.S.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albert Gerding
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (M.L.-M.)
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A. Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (M.L.-M.)
| | - Bernard Evers
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (M.L.-M.)
| | - Miriam Langelaar-Makkinje
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (M.L.-M.)
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (U.S.)
| | - Barbara M. Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (M.L.-M.)
| | - Sara Tucci
- Pharmacy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Ohura K, Nakada Y, Imai T. Bioconversion and P-gp-Mediated Transport of Depot Fluphenazine Prodrugs after Intramuscular Injection. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1975-1984. [PMID: 37019360 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluphenazine (FPZ) decanoate, an ester-type prodrug formulated as a long-acting injection (LAI), is used in the treatment of schizophrenia. FPZ enanthate was also developed as an LAI formulation, but is no longer in use clinically because of the short elimination half-life of FPZ, the parent drug, after intramuscular injection. In the present study, the hydrolysis of FPZ prodrugs was evaluated in human plasma and liver to clarify the reason for this difference in elimination half-lives. FPZ prodrugs were hydrolyzed in human plasma and liver microsomes. The rate of hydrolysis of FPZ enanthate in human plasma and liver microsomes was 15-fold and 6-fold, respectively, faster than that of FPZ decanoate. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and human serum albumin (HSA) present in human plasma, and two carboxylesterase (CES) isozymes, hCE1 and hCE2, expressed in ubiquitous organs including liver, were mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of FPZ prodrugs. FPZ prodrugs may not be bioconverted in human skeletal muscle at the injection site because of lack of expression of BChE and CESs in muscle. Interestingly, although FPZ was a poor substrate for human P-glycoprotein, FPZ caproate was a good substrate. In conclusion, it is suggested that the shorter elimination half-life of FPZ following administration of FPZ enanthate compared with FPZ decanoate can be attributed to the more rapid hydrolysis of FPZ enanthate by BChE, HSA and CESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Ohura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Teruko Imai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Dela Cruz C, Kinnear HM, Hashim PH, Wandoff A, Nimmagadda L, Chang FL, Padmanabhan V, Shikanov A, Moravek MB. A mouse model mimicking gender-affirming treatment with pubertal suppression followed by testosterone in transmasculine youth. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:256-265. [PMID: 36484619 PMCID: PMC10167862 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can mice serve as a translational model to examine the reproductive consequences of pubertal suppression with GnRH agonist (GnRHa) followed by testosterone (T) administration, a typical therapy in peripubertal transmasculine youth? SUMMARY ANSWER An implanted depot with 3.6 mg of GnRHa followed by T enanthate at 0.45 mg weekly can be used in peripubertal female mice for investigating the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy in transmasculine youth. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is limited knowledge available in transgender medicine to provide evidence-based fertility care, with the current guidelines being based on the assumption of fertility loss. We recently successfully developed a mouse model to investigate the reproductive consequences of T therapy given to transgender men. On the other hand, to our knowledge, there is no mouse model to assess the reproductive outcomes in peripubertal transmasculine youth. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A total of 80 C57BL/6N female mice were used in this study, with n = 7 mice in each experimental group. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We first assessed the effectiveness of GnRHa in arresting pubertal development in the female mice. In this experiment, 26-day-old female mice were subcutaneously implanted with a GnRHa (3.6 mg) depot. Controls underwent a sham surgery. Animals were euthanized at 3, 9, 21 and 28 days after the day of surgery. In the second experiment, we induced a transmasculine youth mouse model. C57BL/6N female mice were subcutaneously implanted with a 3.6 mg GnRHa depot on postnatal day 26 for 21 days and this was followed by weekly injections of 0.45 mg T enanthate for 6 weeks. The control for the GnRH treatment was sham surgery and the control for T treatment was sesame oil vehicle injections. Animals were sacrificed 0.5 weeks after the last injection. The data collected included the day of the vaginal opening and first estrus, daily vaginal cytology, weekly and terminal reproductive hormones levels, body/organ weights, ovarian follicular distribution and corpora lutea (CL) counts. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE GnRHa implanted animals remained in persistent diestrus and had reduced levels of FSH (P = 0.0013), LH (P = 0.0082) and estradiol (P = 0.0155), decreased uterine (P < 0.0001) and ovarian weights (P = 0.0002), and a lack of CL at 21 days after GnRHa implantation. T-only and GnRHa+T-treated animals were acyclic throughout the treatment period, had sustained elevated levels of T, suppressed LH levels (P < 0.0001), and an absence of CL compared to controls (P < 0.0001). Paired ovarian weights were reduced in the T-only and GnRHa+T groups compared with the control and GnRHa-only groups. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although it is an appropriate tool to provide relevant findings, precaution is needed to extrapolate mouse model results to mirror human reproductive physiology. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS To our knowledge, this study describes the first mouse model mimicking gender-affirming hormone therapy in peripubertal transmasculine youth. This model provides a tool for researchers studying the effects of GnRHa-T therapy on other aspects of reproduction, other organ systems and transgenerational effects. The model is supported by GnRHa suppressing puberty and maintaining acyclicity during T treatment, lower LH levels and absence of CL. The results also suggest GnRHa+T therapy in peripubertal female mice does not affect ovarian reserve, since the number of primordial follicles was not affected by treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research grants KL2 TR 002241 and UL1 TR 002240 (C.D.C.); National Institutes of Health grants F30-HD100163 and T32-HD079342 (H.M.K.); University of Michigan Office of Research funding U058227 (A.S.); American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility grant (M.B.M.); and National Institutes of Health R01-HD098233 (M.B.M.). The University of Virginia Center for Research in Reproduction Ligand Assay and Analysis Core Facility was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD/NIH grants P50-HD028934 and R24-HD102061. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Dela Cruz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Postdoctoral Translational Scholar Program, Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hadrian M Kinnear
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Prianka H Hashim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abigail Wandoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Likitha Nimmagadda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Faith L Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Molly B Moravek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Mori J, Furukawa T, Kodo K, Nakajima H, Yuasa M, Kubota M, Shigematsu Y. A patient with urinary succinylacetone-negative hereditary tyrosinemia type 1. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15644. [PMID: 37795850 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taizo Furukawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kodo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Saiseikai Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miori Yuasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kubota
- Department of General Pediatrics & Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shigematsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Yadav CB, Gangashetty PI, Beckmann M, Mur LAJ, Yadav RS. Genotype-by-Environment Interaction Analysis of Metabolites in Pearl Millet Genotypes with High Concentrations of Slowly Digestible and Resistant Starch in Their Grains. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193109. [PMID: 36231070 PMCID: PMC9563316 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype × environment interactions (GEIs) should play an important role in the selection of suitable germplasm in breeding programmes. We here assessed GEI effects on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) genotypes, selected to possess a high concentration of slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) in their grains. Entries were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at locations in Bawku-Ghana, Sadore-Niger, Bamako-Mali, Konni-Nigeria, and Gampella-Burkina Faso across West Africa. Harvested grains from these locations were metabolomically profiled using flow injection ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS). A total of 3144 mass features (m/z) (1560 negative ion mode and 1584 positive ion mode) were detected, of which, 475 m/z were linked to metabolites be involved in starch, antioxidant and lipid biosynthesis, and vitamin metabolism. Combined ANOVA revealed that the GEI was significantly evident for 54 health-benefiting metabolites, many associated with sugar, especially galactose, metabolism. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis examined genotype variation and GEI effects, which, when combined with principal component analysis (PCA), found that m/z 171.14864 (positive ionisation, propenyl heptanoate) accounted for 89% of the GEI variation along PC1. The AMMI-based stability parameter (ASTAB), modified AMMI stability value (MASV), and modified AMMI stability index (MASI) were then applied to identify stable and high-performing genotypes for all the health-benefiting metabolites. Similarly, the best-linear-unbiased-prediction (BLUP)-based stability estimation was also performed using the harmonic mean of genotypic values (HMGV), relative performance of genotypic values (RPGV), and harmonic mean of relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV), to identify genotype rankings across multiple environments. The multi-trait stability index (MTSI) was calculated and found that the genotypes G1 (ICMH-177111) and G24 (ICMX-207137) were the most stable and were the best mean performers across 52 health-benefiting metabolic traits. These findings demonstrate the potential of G × E assessments on the delivery of health-benefiting metabolite-rich grains in future varieties and hybrids of pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhan Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Prakash I. Gangashetty
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
- Correspondence:
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Hashim PH, Kinnear HM, Cruz CD, Padmanabhan V, Moravek MB, Shikanov A. Pharmacokinetic comparison of three delivery systems for subcutaneous testosterone administration in female mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 327:114090. [PMID: 35753388 PMCID: PMC10037700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Transmasculine individuals are often prescribed testosterone (T) for masculinizing hormone therapy. Mouse models mimicking transmasculine T therapy require reliable long-term T administration. The objectives of this study were three-fold, namely, to compare: 1) the release dynamics of three different subcutaneous delivery systems of T enanthate administration (subcutaneous injections, commercially available pellets, and silastic implants) over a 6-week period in postpubertal C57BL/6N mice, 2) to compare the timing for T levels in plasma to return to baseline and cyclicity to resume after cessation of T between injections and pellets, 3) to utilize silastic implants to achieve sustainable increase in T levels utilizing T enanthate and crystalline T. All three modes of T administration resulted in an increase in T levels in plasma. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed a similar overall exposure to T enanthate over 6 weeks (integrated area) for, subcutaneous injection (0.45 mg two times per week and 0.90 mg one time per week), pellet (5 mg 60-day release), and silastic implant (5 mg 21 week) groups. Crystalline T had lower solubility and a decreased integrated area compared to T enanthate, even when implanted at a higher dosage, indicating different pharmacokinetic profiles based on type of T formulation when utilizing the same silastic delivery method. Surgical removal of pellets and silastic tubing led to a quick drop in T levels and resumption of estrous cyclicity, while cessation of injections required a long washout period for T levels to drop and estrous cycles to resume. Sustained elevation in T levels was achieved for at least 21 weeks with silastic implants. As all three delivery methods are able to elevate T levels in female mice for at least 6 weeks, choice of T administration method should be based on outcomes of interest and study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prianka H Hashim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hadrian M Kinnear
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cynthia Dela Cruz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Molly B Moravek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Kinnear HM, Hashim PH, Dela Cruz C, Rubenstein G, Chang FL, Nimmagadda L, Brunette MA, Padmanabhan V, Shikanov A, Moravek MB. Reversibility of testosterone-induced acyclicity after testosterone cessation in a transgender mouse model. F S Sci 2021; 2:116-123. [PMID: 35559746 PMCID: PMC9106321 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish if the cessation of testosterone (T) therapy reverses T-induced acyclicity in a transgender mouse model that allows for well-defined T cessation timing. DESIGN Experimental laboratory study using a mouse model. SETTING University-based basic science research laboratory. ANIMALS A total of 10 C57BL/6NHsd female mice were used in this study. INTERVENTION(S) Postpubertal C57BL/6NHsd female mice were subcutaneously implanted with T enanthate (n = 5 mice) or placebo (n = 5 mice) pellets. Pellets were surgically removed after 6 weeks to ensure T cessation, after which the mice were followed for four estrous cycles after the resumption of cyclicity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Primary outcomes included daily vaginal cytology and weekly T levels before, during, and after T enanthate or placebo pellet implantation and removal. Secondary outcomes included ovarian follicle distribution and corpora lutea numbers, body metrics, and terminal diestrus hormone levels. RESULT(S) T-treated mice (100%) resumed cycling within one week of T pellet removal after six weeks of T therapy. T levels were significantly elevated during T therapy and decreased to control levels after surgical pellet removal. No detectable differences were observed in the follicle count, corpora lutea formation, diestrus hormone levels, or body metrics after four estrous cycles, with the exception of persistent increased clitoral area between T-treated mice and controls. One T-treated mouse was sacrificed early due to vaginal prolapse and not included in subsequent analyses. CONCLUSION(S) Our results demonstrated a close temporal relationship between estrous cycle return and T levels dropping to control levels following T pellet removal. The return of regular cyclic ovulatory function is also supported by the formation of corpora lutea and the lack of detectable differences in key reproductive parameters as compared to controls four cycles after T cessation. These results may be relevant to understanding the reversibility of T-induced amenorrhea and possible anovulation in transgender men interested in pausing T to pursue pregnancy or oocyte donation. Results may be limited by the duration of T treatment, lack of functional testing, and physiological differences between mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrian M Kinnear
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Prianka H Hashim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cynthia Dela Cruz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gillian Rubenstein
- Women's and Gender Studies Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Faith L Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Likitha Nimmagadda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Margaret A Brunette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Molly B Moravek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Guo L, Jiao B, Liu F. [Clinical and genetic analysis of a patient with tyrosinemia type I but without elevated succinylacetone]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2019; 36:472-476. [PMID: 31030436 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical manifestation and genetic mutation of a child with tyrosinemia type I but without elevated succinylacetone. METHODS Clinical data of the patient was collected. Tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry were used to analyze the blood amino acid and urine organic acid component of the proband. DNA was extracted from the child and his parents and used for mutation analysis. RESULTS The proband was of acute type, with features including hepatomegaly, jaundice, anemia and tendency of bleeding. Serum levels of Tyrosine, Methionine and Phenylalanine were 397.12 μmol/L, 896.16 μmol/L and 292.52 μmol/L, respectively, which all distinctly exceeded the normal levels. The level of phenyllactic acid and 4-hydroxyphenyl-lactic acid of proband's urine were 17.4 μmol/L and 417.0 μmol/L, respectively, which also exceeded the normal levels, but the level of succinylacetone was within the normal range. Compound heterozygous mutations of the FAH gene, namely c.634delT (p.L212Wfs*20) and c.455G>A (p.W152X), were detected in the proband, which were both predicted to be pathogenic and were inherited from her father and mother, respectively. CONCLUSION For children with tyrosinemia type I, detection of urine succinylacetone by gas phase mass spectrometry can be negative. The diagnosis of tyrosinemia type I must rely on genetic testing and/or enzymatic assaying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Neonatology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, China.
| | - Baoquan Jiao
- Birth Health Unit, Bethune International Peace Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, China.
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Zhi T, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Han C, Liu Y, Zhu Q, Ren C. Sugar suppresses cell death caused by disruption of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase in Arabidopsis. Planta 2016; 244:557-571. [PMID: 27097641 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sugar negatively regulates cell death resulting from the loss of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase that catalyzes the last step in the Tyr degradation pathway in Arabidopsis . Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) hydrolyzes fumarylacetoacetate to fumarate and acetoacetate, the final step in the tyrosine (Tyr) degradation pathway that is essential to animals. Previously, we first found that the Tyr degradation pathway plays an important role in plants. Mutation of the SSCD1 gene encoding FAH in Arabidopsis leads to spontaneous cell death under short-day conditions. In this study, we presented that the lethal phenotype of the short-day sensitive cell death1 (sscd1) seedlings was suppressed by sugars including sucrose, glucose, fructose, and maltose in a dose-dependent manner. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis showed the expression of Tyr degradation pathway genes homogentisate dioxygenase and maleylacetoacetate isomerase, and sucrose-processing genes cell-wall invertase 1 and alkaline/neutral invertase G, was up-regulated in the sscd1 mutant, however, this up-regulation could be repressed by sugar. In addition, a high concentration of sugar attenuated cell death of Arabidopsis wild-type seedlings caused by treatment with exogenous succinylacetone, an abnormal metabolite resulting from the loss of FAH in the Tyr degradation pathway. These results indicated that (1) sugar could suppress cell death in sscd1, which might be because sugar supply enhances the resistance of Arabidopsis seedlings to toxic effects of succinylacetone and reduces the accumulation of Tyr degradation intermediates, resulting in suppression of cell death; and (2) sucrose-processing genes cell-wall invertase 1 and alkaline/neutral invertase G might be involved in the cell death in sscd1. Our work provides insights into the relationship between sugar and sscd1-mediated cell death, and contributes to elucidation of the regulation of cell death resulting from the loss of FAH in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chengyun Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents, College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chunmei Ren
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Sengupta A, Hon T, Zhang L. Heme deficiency suppresses the expression of key neuronal genes and causes neuronal cell death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 137:23-30. [PMID: 15950757 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2004] [Revised: 01/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Defective heme synthesis may cause acute porphyrias, which are associated with a wide array of neurological disturbances involving both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Thus, the understanding of the roles of heme in neuronal cell function may provide insights into the molecular events underlying the pathogenesis of neuropathies associated with defective heme synthesis. In this report, we use rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) clonal cells as a model system for studying the role of heme in neuronal cell survival. We examined the effects of inhibition of heme synthesis on signaling pathways and gene expression in nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced PC12 cells. We found that succinyl acetone-induced heme deficiency selectively caused apoptosis in NGF-induced PC12 cells. Further, we found that in succinyl acetone-treated, NGF-induced cells, the pro-survival Ras-ERK1/2 signaling pathway was inactivated and the pro-apoptotic JNK signaling pathway was activated. In these cells, the activation of caspase and the cleavage of nuclear poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were also evident. Importantly, microarray gene expression analysis showed that more than 20 key neuronal genes that were induced by NGF were suppressed by succinyl acetone. These genes include those encoding survival motor neuron protein, synaptic vesicle protein SVOP, and neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM. These results indicate that heme is important for neuronal cell signaling and the proper functioning of neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Sengupta
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, B-106 New York, NY 10032, USA
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Cometto-Muñiz JE, Cain WS, Abraham MH. Odor detection of single chemicals and binary mixtures. Behav Brain Res 2005; 156:115-23. [PMID: 15474656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2004] [Revised: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The investigation explored the olfactory detectability of two chemically and structurally similar esters, ethyl propanoate and ethyl heptanoate, presented singly and in mixtures. Initially, we measured concentration-detection (i.e., psychometric) functions for the odor of ethyl propanoate and ethyl heptanoate presented singly. Using this information, we prepared binary mixtures of the two chemicals in varying complementary proportions and, also, selected concentrations of the single compounds, such that, if a rule of response-addition (i.e., independence of detection) were to hold, the stimuli (mixed and single) should approximate equal detection. Next, we measured the actual detectability of these stimuli within the same experiment. The results were analyzed in terms of response-addition (or -additivity) and of dose-addition (or -additivity). The outcome revealed that at low levels of detectability the mixtures approximate response-addition, that is, independence of detection, whereas at high levels of detectability they approximate dose-addition. In the light of previous findings for the olfactory detection of the more dissimilar chemical pairs 1-butanol/2-heptanone and butyl acetate/toluene, we conclude that the described outcome generalizes across a variety of chemical pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Enrique Cometto-Muñiz
- Chemosensory Perception Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0957, La Jolla, CA 92093-0957, USA.
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Wyss PA, Boynton SB, Chu J, Spencer RF, Roth KS. Physiological basis for an animal model of the renal Fanconi syndrome: use of succinylacetone in the rat. Clin Sci (Lond) 1992; 83:81-7. [PMID: 1325326 DOI: 10.1042/cs0830081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. The biochemical basis for the human renal Fanconi syndrome, including glucosuria, phosphaturia and aminoaciduria, remains enigmatic. This is due, in part, to the lack of an appropriate animal model. Since there is an association between the human genetic disease hereditary tyrosinaemia, for which urinary excretion of the compound succinylacetone constitutes a biochemical marker, and a renal Fanconi syndrome, we have examined the relationship between succinylacetone and renal tubular function in the rat. 2. Intraperitoneal injection of succinylacetone for 3 consecutive days into adult male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in succinylacetone plasma concentration of 3 mmol/l. This concentration was associated with glucosuria, aminoaciduria, polyuria, reduced renal phosphate reabsorption and normal creatinine clearance. In addition, urinary porphobilinogen and total porphyrin excretions were markedly reduced. In animals permitted to recover for 7 days after succinylacetone administration, these renal functional changes remitted partially or completely. Ultrastructural examination of the kidneys after the 3 days of treatment showed no fine structural changes. 3. We conclude that the physiological alterations produced in normal rat renal tubules by succinylacetone provide the basis for the study of the biochemical changes underlying the human renal Fanconi syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Wyss
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Foreman
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond
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Fitzsimons EJ, May A, Elder GH, Jacobs A. Measurement of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity in whole and fractionated human bone marrow: effect of myeloid cell lysis by monoclonal antibody. Anal Biochem 1986; 153:9-17. [PMID: 3963386 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(86)90053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive radiochemical assay for the measurement of bone marrow and erythroblast 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase (EC 2.3.1.37) was developed and optimized with respect to sample preparation and reagent concentration. Succinylacetone (4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid) was used to prevent ALA utilization during the incubation period. Sample purification on a Sep-Pak cartridge (Waters Associates) followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) allowed rapid isolation of pure ALA-pyrrole, free from radioactive succinate and other contaminants. ALA synthase activity was measured in unfractionated bone marrow and in samples from which myeloid cells had been removed by monoclonal antibody-mediated cell lysis. Myeloid-derived ALA synthase was calculated and found to contribute approximately half of the total unfractionated marrow enzyme activity. This suggests that results from previous studies using unfractionated bone marrow which have assumed that myeloid cells are an insignificant source of ALA synthase require reappraisal.
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Mattson LA, Cullberg G, Tangkeo P, Zador G, Samsioe G. Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone enanthate to oophorectomized women--effects on sex hormones and lipid metabolism. Maturitas 1980; 2:301-9. [PMID: 6453267 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5122(80)90032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Eight bilaterally oophorectomized women were given a depot injection of 200 mg DHEA-enanthate to study the effect on endocrine and lipid metabolism. A decrease in sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and an increase in androstenedione was found 14 and 30 days after the injection. No changes could be detected in LH, FSH, oestrone, oestradiol or oestriol. Testosterone showed a tendency towards an increase. As compared to pre-treatment values, plasma lipids were unaltered after 30 days. A decrease in high density lipoproteins (HDL), cholesterol and in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), free cholesterol, total cholesterol and phospholipids were seen in the lipid composition of the lipoproteins on day 30. These findings are in agreement with previous data reported after the administration of drugs with androgen-like effects. The relative fatty acid composition of plasma lecithin revealed only minor changes while the fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters indicated a decreased portion of essential fatty acids. These results suggest, in agreement with previous studies, an impaired endogenous cholesterol formation in the liver. The results from the analysis of the fatty acid composition of lecithin and cholesterol esters might indicate a decreased percentage of exogenous (dietary) cholesterol ester in plasma.
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21
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Sty JR, Oechler H. Tc-99m glucoheptonate renal imaging: congenital mesoblastic nephroma. J Nucl Med 1980; 21:809-10. [PMID: 6249898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Abstract
The histology and fine structure of the testis, epididymis and sex accessory glands were studied in young adult male rats administered testosterone enanthate, 120 microgram/100 g body weight, three times weekly for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. The weights of the testis and epididymis decreased, and animals treated for 11 weeks were infertile. Alterations were found in the seminiferous tubules of all rats treated for 8 or 12 weeks, including the presence of many degenerating germ cells and a large decrease or absence of late spermatids. Study of different stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium showed that the greatest number of degenerating germ cells, step 7 spermatids and pachytene primary spermatocytes, occurred at stages VII-VIII of the cycle. Some normal appearing spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and early spermatids remained in most seminiferous tubules. Sertoli cells contained many lipid droplets and lysosome-like bodies, and degenerating cells were surrounded by Sertoli cell cytoplasm. The Leydig cells of treated animals were greatly reduced in size. Sperm progressively disappeared from the lumen of the middle segment and proximal part of the terminal segment of the epididymis after treatment for 8 or 12 weeks. Changes in the middle segment also included the appearance of intraepithelial cavities containing debris, and the presence within the epithelium of phagocytic cells that resembled leukocytes. The lumen of the proximal part of the terminal segment was often collapsed, while in the distal part of the terminal segment, the lumen was filled with cellular debris and degenerating sperm. Organelles of the principal cells of the epididymal epithelium appeared to be qualitatively unaltered. The weight of the sex accessory glands remained close to normal, and the presence of normal ultrastructural features suggested that production of secretions continued.
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MacCrimmon DJ, Saxena B, Foley P, Grof P. Fluphenazine decanoate and fluphenazine enanthate in the out-patient management of chronic schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology 1978; 4:360-5. [PMID: 692838 DOI: 10.1159/000117652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
39 chronic schizophrenic out-patients were given either fluphenazine decanoate or enanthate for a 1-year double-blind trial. Doses of 25 mg were given for the first 6 months and 37.5 mg for the last 6 months. For both agents the intervals between treatments lengthened significantly over the course of the trial. Fluphenazine decanoate showed a non-significant trend for a longer duration of action coupled with a significantly lower incidence of extrapyramidal side effects.
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26
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Kuhl H, Taubert HD. A new class of long-acting hormonal steroid preparation: synthesis of dimeric androgenes coupled at C3-C3 and C17-C3 and of an androgen-progestogen combination. Steroids 1976; 28:89-99. [PMID: 960149 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(76)90128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
3beta-Hydroxy-4-androsten-17-one was prepared from 4-androsten-3,17-dione according to the method of Klimstra and Colton (1) and dimerized by means of esterification with succinic acid. The reduction with lithium-tri-t-butoxyaluminium hydride gave a testosterone derivative coupled between C3-C3 which showed after a single injection of 10 mg a protracted but relatively weak androgenic effect in castrated male rats. The direct esterification of testosterone hemisuccinate with 4-androsten-3beta, 17beta-diol gave the testosterone derivative coupled between C17-C3 which showed a more even and more protracted time response curve than testosterone enanthate. The testosterone-ethynodiol succinate also coupled between C17-C3, showed an androgenic depot-effect similar to that of the dimeric C17-C3 testosterone derivative.
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KURLAND AA, GRUENWALD F, VEGA L, WITTIG BA. FLUPHENAZINE (PROLIXIN) ENANTHATE-A PHENOTHIAZINE PREPARATION OF PROLONGED ACTIVITY. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1964; 6:137-47. [PMID: 14131412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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ASHIDAKA Y, TAKEMURA T, SUZUKI S, TAKAYAMA K, KAWABATA K, MINAMI Y, KOIZUMI R, TATETSU M. [CLINICAL TRIAL OF 19-NORETHYNYLTESTOSTERONE ENANTHATE]. Sanfujinka Chiryo 1964; 8:107-15. [PMID: 14115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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MATSCHER R, BEGHELLI V. [On the anabolic activity of 19-nortestosterone enanthate]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1963; 39:733-5. [PMID: 13933720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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THEA JP. [1-methyl-delta-1-androstenolone enanthate in hepatic steatosis]. Sem Med 1963; 122:65-8. [PMID: 13980842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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HESS SM, EBERT AG. The metabolism of prolixin enanthate. Psychopharmacol Serv Cent Bull 1962; 2:71-2. [PMID: 13954236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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JOECHLE W, LANGECKER H. [Biological effects of 1-methyl-delta1-androsten-17beta-ol-3-one 17-acetate and 17-enanthate (methenolone acetate and methenolone enanthate): growth stimulation, composition of animal body and enzyme metabolism]. Arzneimittelforschung 1962; 12:218-23. [PMID: 14451915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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WELLER O. [Research on the androgenic action of methyl androsten-ol-on-acetate and -enanthate]. Endokrinologie 1961; 41:60-6. [PMID: 13784220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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PEZZALI M, D'ALESSANDRO P. [Experimental contribution to the action of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone capronate, testosterone and desoxycorticosterone enanthate on the genital organs of impuberal rats]. Ann Ostet Ginecol 1960; 82:698-700. [PMID: 13735107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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GLEASON CH, PARKER JM. The duration of activity of the benziloyl hydrazones of testosterone-17-heptanoate, estrone-3-heptanoate and 17 alpha-hydroxy-progesterone-17-heptanoate. Endocrinology 1959; 65:508-11. [PMID: 13828402 DOI: 10.1210/endo-65-3-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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POTS P. [Prolonged progestational effect of ethinylnortestosterone enanthate]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1958; 18:673-5; discussion 675-6. [PMID: 13548479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
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DAVIS ME, WIED GL. Long-acting progestational agents; 17-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone enanthate, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and 17-alpha-hydroxy-progesterone acetate. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1957; 17:916-28. [PMID: 13474245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
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BOSCHANN HW, KUR S. [The effects of 17-alpha-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone enanthate, a new progestational depot agent, on the human endometrium & the atrophic vaginal epithelium]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1957; 17:928-37. [PMID: 13474246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
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SUCHOWSKY G. [Research on the protective effect of desoxycorticosterone acetate and desoxycorticosterone enanthate on the adrenal cortex of albino rats after total body irradiation]. Strahlentherapie 1956; 99:577-82. [PMID: 13337565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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MANESCHI M. [Use of enanthate of testosterone in gynecological therapy and in malignant neoplasms of female genitalia]. Quad Clin Ostet Ginecol 1955; 10:437-46. [PMID: 13266981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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