1
|
Ferreira JCB, Campos JC, Qvit N, Qi X, Bozi LHM, Bechara LRG, Lima VM, Queliconi BB, Disatnik MH, Dourado PMM, Kowaltowski AJ, Mochly-Rosen D. Author Correction: A selective inhibitor of mitofusin 1-βIIPKC association improves heart failure outcome in rats. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2889. [PMID: 38570501 PMCID: PMC10991558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julio C B Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA.
| | - Juliane C Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, OH, USA
| | - Luiz H M Bozi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Bechara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Lima
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Queliconi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Marie-Helene Disatnik
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA
| | - Paulo M M Dourado
- Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05403-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang MC, Tu HY, Chung RH, Kuo HW, Liu TH, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Liu YL. Changes of neurofilament light chain in patients with alcohol dependence following withdrawal and the genetic effect from ALDH2 Polymorphism. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:423-432. [PMID: 37314537 PMCID: PMC10719424 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurofilament light chain (NFL), as a measure of neuroaxonal injury, has recently gained attention in alcohol dependence (AD). Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the major enzyme which metabolizes the alcohol breakdown product acetaldehyde. An ALDH2 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs671) is associated with less ALDH2 enzyme activity and increased neurotoxicity. We examined the blood NFL levels in 147 patients with AD and 114 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and genotyped rs671. We also followed NFL level, alcohol craving and psychological symptoms in patients with AD after 1 and 2 weeks of detoxification. We found the baseline NFL level was significantly higher in patients with AD than in controls (mean ± SD: 264.2 ± 261.8 vs. 72.1 ± 35.6 pg/mL, p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that NFL concentration could discriminate patients with AD from controls (area under the curve: 0.85; p < 0.001). The NFL levels were significantly reduced following 1 and 2 weeks of detoxification, with the extent of reduction correlated with the improvement of craving, depression, and anxiety (p < 0.001). Carriers with the rs671 GA genotype, which is associated with less ALDH2 activity, had higher NLF levels either at baseline or after detoxification compared with GG carriers. In conclusion, plasma NFL level was increased in patients with AD and reduced after early abstinence. Reduction in NFL level corroborated well with the improvement of clinical symptoms. The ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism may play a role in modulating the extent of neuroaxonal injury and its recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yuan Tu
- Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wei Kuo
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hsia Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Flashner S, Shimonosono M, Tomita Y, Matsuura N, Ohashi S, Muto M, Klein-Szanto AJ, Alan Diehl J, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Weinberg KI, Nakagawa H. ALDH2 dysfunction and alcohol cooperate in cancer stem cell enrichment. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:95-106. [PMID: 37978873 PMCID: PMC10859731 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The alcohol metabolite acetaldehyde is a potent human carcinogen linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) initiation and development. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the primary enzyme that detoxifies acetaldehyde in the mitochondria. Acetaldehyde accumulation causes genotoxic stress in cells expressing the dysfunctional ALDH2E487K dominant negative mutant protein linked to ALDH2*2, the single nucleotide polymorphism highly prevalent among East Asians. Heterozygous ALDH2*2 increases the risk for the development of ESCC and other alcohol-related cancers. Despite its prevalence and link to malignant transformation, how ALDH2 dysfunction influences ESCC pathobiology is incompletely understood. Herein, we characterize how ESCC and preneoplastic cells respond to alcohol exposure using cell lines, three-dimensional organoids and xenograft models. We find that alcohol exposure and ALDH2*2 cooperate to increase putative ESCC cancer stem cells with high CD44 expression (CD44H cells) linked to tumor initiation, repopulation and therapy resistance. Concurrently, ALHD2*2 augmented alcohol-induced reactive oxygen species and DNA damage to promote apoptosis in the non-CD44H cell population. Pharmacological activation of ALDH2 by Alda-1 inhibits this phenotype, suggesting that acetaldehyde is the primary driver of these changes. Additionally, we find that Aldh2 dysfunction affects the response to cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic commonly used for the treatment of ESCC. Aldh2 dysfunction facilitated enrichment of CD44H cells following cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and cell death in murine organoids, highlighting a potential mechanism driving cisplatin resistance. Together, these data provide evidence that ALDH2 dysfunction accelerates ESCC pathogenesis through enrichment of CD44H cells in response to genotoxic stressors such as environmental carcinogens and chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Flashner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yasuto Tomita
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Norihiro Matsuura
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | - J Alan Diehl
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kenneth I Weinberg
- Division of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haileselassie B, Mukherjee R, Joshi AU, Napier BA, Massis LM, Ostberg NP, Queliconi BB, Monack D, Bernstein D, Mochly-Rosen D. Corrigendum to "Drp1/Fis1 interaction mediates mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy" [Journal: Molecular of and Cellular Cardiology (2019) May 130;160-169]. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:120. [PMID: 38000978 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bereketeab Haileselassie
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Riddhita Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amit U Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brooke A Napier
- Department of Microbiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liliana M Massis
- Department of Microbiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicolai Patrick Ostberg
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bruno B Queliconi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Denise Monack
- Department of Microbiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim JS, Kargotich S, Lee SH, Yajima R, Garcia AA, Ehrenkaufer G, Romeo M, Santa Maria P, Grimes KV, Mochly-Rosen D. SPARKing academic technologies across the valley of death. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:339-342. [PMID: 38361072 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeewon Sylvia Kim
- SPARK Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Kargotich
- SPARK Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sophia H Lee
- SPARK Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rieko Yajima
- SPARK Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Ann Garcia
- SPARK Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gretchen Ehrenkaufer
- SPARK Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary Romeo
- SPARK Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter Santa Maria
- SPARK Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin V Grimes
- SPARK Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- SPARK Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kiyuna LA, Candido DS, Bechara LRG, Jesus ICG, Ramalho LS, Krum B, Albuquerque RP, Campos JC, Bozi LHM, Zambelli VO, Alves AN, Campolo N, Mastrogiovanni M, Bartesaghi S, Leyva A, Durán R, Radi R, Arantes GM, Cunha-Neto E, Mori MA, Chen CH, Yang W, Mochly-Rosen D, MacRae IJ, Ferreira LRP, Ferreira JCB. 4-Hydroxynonenal impairs miRNA maturation in heart failure via Dicer post-translational modification. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4696-4712. [PMID: 37944136 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Developing novel therapies to battle the global public health burden of heart failure remains challenging. This study investigates the underlying mechanisms and potential treatment for 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) deleterious effects in heart failure. METHODS Biochemical, functional, and histochemical measurements were applied to identify 4-HNE adducts in rat and human failing hearts. In vitro studies were performed to validate 4-HNE targets. RESULTS 4-HNE, a reactive aldehyde by-product of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure, covalently inhibits Dicer, an RNase III endonuclease essential for microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. 4-HNE inhibition of Dicer impairs miRNA processing. Mechanistically, 4-HNE binds to recombinant human Dicer through an intermolecular interaction that disrupts both activity and stability of Dicer in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Dithiothreitol neutralization of 4-HNE or replacing 4-HNE-targeted residues in Dicer prevents 4-HNE inhibition of Dicer in vitro. Interestingly, end-stage human failing hearts from three different heart failure aetiologies display defective 4-HNE clearance, decreased Dicer activity, and miRNA biogenesis impairment. Notably, boosting 4-HNE clearance through pharmacological re-activation of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) using Alda-1 or its improved orally bioavailable derivative AD-9308 restores Dicer activity. ALDH2 is a major enzyme responsible for 4-HNE removal. Importantly, this response is accompanied by improved miRNA maturation and cardiac function/remodelling in a pre-clinical model of heart failure. CONCLUSIONS 4-HNE inhibition of Dicer directly impairs miRNA biogenesis in heart failure. Strikingly, decreasing cardiac 4-HNE levels through pharmacological ALDH2 activation is sufficient to re-establish Dicer activity and miRNA biogenesis; thereby representing potential treatment for patients with heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ligia A Kiyuna
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 - Butanta, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Darlan S Candido
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Bechara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 - Butanta, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Itamar C G Jesus
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 - Butanta, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Lisley S Ramalho
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 - Butanta, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Barbara Krum
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 - Butanta, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Ruda P Albuquerque
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 - Butanta, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Juliane C Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 - Butanta, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz H M Bozi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 - Butanta, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ariane N Alves
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Leyva
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analítica (UByPA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Celemente Estable & Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosario Durán
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analítica (UByPA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Celemente Estable & Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guilherme M Arantes
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edécio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR 3145A, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenjin Yang
- Foresee Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR 3145A, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ian J MacRae
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ludmila R P Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Vaccine Science and Technology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 - Butanta, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR 3145A, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Disatnik MH, Boutet SC, Lee CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Rando TA. Expression of Concern: Sequential activation of individual PKC isozymes in integrin-mediated muscle cell spreading: a role for MARCKS in an integrin signaling pathway. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261772. [PMID: 37997930 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
|
8
|
Chang YC, Lee HL, Yang W, Hsieh ML, Liu CC, Lee TY, Huang JY, Nong JY, Li FA, Chuang HL, Ding ZZ, Su WL, Chueh LY, Tsai YT, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Chuang LM. A common East-Asian ALDH2 mutation causes metabolic disorders and the therapeutic effect of ALDH2 activators. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5971. [PMID: 37749090 PMCID: PMC10520061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached pandemic proportion. ALDH2 (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial) is the key metabolizing enzyme of acetaldehyde and other toxic aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal. A missense Glu504Lys mutation of the ALDH2 gene is prevalent in 560 million East Asians, resulting in reduced ALDH2 enzymatic activity. We find that male Aldh2 knock-in mice mimicking human Glu504Lys mutation were prone to develop diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and fatty liver due to reduced adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure. We find reduced activity of ALDH2 of the brown adipose tissue from the male Aldh2 homozygous knock-in mice. Proteomic analyses of the brown adipose tissue from the male Aldh2 knock-in mice identifies increased 4-hydroxynonenal-adducted proteins involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and electron transport chain, leading to markedly decreased fatty acid oxidation rate and mitochondrial respiration of brown adipose tissue, which is essential for adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure. AD-9308 is a water-soluble, potent, and highly selective ALDH2 activator. AD-9308 treatment ameliorates diet-induced obesity and fatty liver, and improves glucose homeostasis in both male Aldh2 wild-type and knock-in mice. Our data highlight the therapeutic potential of reducing toxic aldehyde levels by activating ALDH2 for metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenjin Yang
- Foresee Pharmaceuticals, Co.Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lun Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Cin Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yuan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yong Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yi Nong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Zhi-Zhong Ding
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Chueh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yamashima T, Seike T, Mochly-Rosen D, Chen CH, Kikuchi M, Mizukoshi E. Implication of the cooking oil-peroxidation product "hydroxynonenal" for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1211141. [PMID: 37693644 PMCID: PMC10486274 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1211141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that reduces cell injuries via detoxification of lipid-peroxidation product, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (hydroxynonenal). It is generated exogenously via deep-frying of linoleic acid-rich cooking oils and/or endogenously via oxidation of fatty acids involved in biomembranes. Although its toxicity for human health is widely accepted, the underlying mechanism long remained unknown. In 1998, Yamashima et al. have formulated the "calpain-cathepsin hypothesis" as a molecular mechanism of ischemic neuronal death. Subsequently, they found that calpain cleaves Hsp70.1 which became vulnerable after the hydroxynonenal-induced carbonylation at the key site Arg469. Since it is the pivotal aberration that induces lysosomal membrane rupture, they suggested that neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease similarly occurs by chronic ischemia via the calpain-cathepsin cascade triggered by hydroxynonenal. For nearly three decades, amyloid β (Aβ) peptide was thought to be a root substance of Alzheimer's disease. However, because of both the insignificant correlations between Aβ depositions and occurrence of neuronal death or dementia, and the negative results of anti-Aβ medicines tested so far in the patients with Alzheimer's disease, the strength of the "amyloid cascade hypothesis" has been weakened. Recent works have suggested that hydroxynonenal is a mediator of programmed cell death not only in the brain, but also in the liver, pancreas, heart, etc. Increment of hydroxynonenal was considered an early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease. This review aims at suggesting ways out of the tunnel, focusing on the implication of hydroxynonenal in this disease. Herein, the mechanism of Alzheimer neuronal death is discussed by focusing on Hsp70.1 with a dual function as chaperone protein and lysosomal stabilizer. We suggest that Aβ is not a culprit of Alzheimer's disease, but merely a byproduct of autophagy/lysosomal failure resulting from hydroxynonenal-induced Hsp70.1 disorder. Enhancing ALDH2 activity to detoxify hydroxynonenal emerges as a promising strategy for preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Seike T, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D. Impact of common ALDH2 inactivating mutation and alcohol consumption on Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1223977. [PMID: 37693648 PMCID: PMC10483235 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix that plays a central role in alcohol and aldehyde metabolism. A common ALDH2 polymorphism in East Asians descent (called ALDH2*2 or E504K missense variant, SNP ID: rs671), present in approximately 8% of the world's population, has been associated with a variety of diseases. Recent meta-analyses support the relationship between this ALDH2 polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease (AD). And AD-like pathology observed in ALDH2-/- null mice and ALDH2*2 overexpressing transgenic mice indicate that ALDH2 deficiency plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Recently, the worldwide increase in alcohol consumption has drawn attention to the relationship between heavy alcohol consumption and AD. Of potential clinical significance, chronic administration of alcohol in ALDH2*2/*2 knock-in mice exacerbates the pathogenesis of AD-like symptoms. Therefore, ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol consumption likely play an important role in the onset and progression of AD. Here, we review the data on the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism, alcohol, and AD, and summarize what is currently known about the role of the common ALDH2 inactivating mutation, ALDH2*2, and alcohol in the onset and progression of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rios L, Pokhrel S, Li SJ, Heo G, Haileselassie B, Mochly-Rosen D. Targeting an allosteric site in dynamin-related protein 1 to inhibit Fis1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4356. [PMID: 37468472 PMCID: PMC10356917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The large cytosolic GTPase, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mediates both physiological and pathological mitochondrial fission. Cell stress triggers Drp1 binding to mitochondrial Fis1 and subsequently, mitochondrial fragmentation, ROS production, metabolic collapse, and cell death. Because Drp1 also mediates physiological fission by binding to mitochondrial Mff, therapeutics that inhibit pathological fission should spare physiological mitochondrial fission. P110, a peptide inhibitor of Drp1-Fis1 interaction, reduces pathology in numerous models of neurodegeneration, ischemia, and sepsis without blocking the physiological functions of Drp1. Since peptides have pharmacokinetic limitations, we set out to identify small molecules that mimic P110's benefit. We map the P110-binding site to a switch I-adjacent grove (SWAG) on Drp1. Screening for SWAG-binding small molecules identifies SC9, which mimics P110's benefits in cells and a mouse model of endotoxemia. We suggest that the SWAG-binding small molecules discovered in this study may reduce the burden of Drp1-mediated pathologies and potentially pathologies associated with other members of the GTPase family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rios
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sin-Jin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology and Food Nutrition, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee AS, Sung YL, Pan SH, Sung KT, Su CH, Ding SL, Lu YJ, Hsieh CL, Chen YF, Liu CC, Chen WY, Chen XR, Chung FP, Wang SW, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Hung CL, Yeh HI, Lin SF. A Common East Asian aldehyde dehydrogenase 2*2 variant promotes ventricular arrhythmia with chronic light-to-moderate alcohol use in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:610. [PMID: 37280327 PMCID: PMC10244406 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heavy alcohol use is associated with lethal arrhythmias. Whether common East Asian-specific aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (ALDH2*2) contributes to arrhythmogenesis caused by low level alcohol use remains unclear. Here we show 59 habitual alcohol users carrying ALDH2 rs671 have longer QT interval (corrected) and higher ventricular tachyarrhythmia events compared with 137 ALDH2 wild-type (Wt) habitual alcohol users and 57 alcohol non-users. Notably, we observe QT prolongation and a higher risk of premature ventricular contractions among human ALDH2 variants showing habitual light-to-moderate alcohol consumption. We recapitulate a human electrophysiological QT prolongation phenotype using a mouse ALDH2*2 knock-in (KI) model treated with 4% ethanol, which shows markedly reduced total amount of connexin43 albeit increased lateralization accompanied by markedly downregulated sarcolemmal Nav1.5, Kv1.4 and Kv4.2 expressions compared to EtOH-treated Wt mice. Whole-cell patch-clamps reveal a more pronounced action potential prolongation in EtOH-treated ALDH2*2 KI mice. By programmed electrical stimulation, rotors are only provokable in EtOH-treated ALDH2*2 KI mice along with higher number and duration of ventricular arrhythmia episodes. The present research helps formulate safe alcohol drinking guideline for ALDH2 deficient population and develop novel protective agents for these subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Sheng Lee
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Sung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hua Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tzu Sung
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huang Su
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Li Ding
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jui Lu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fang Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chuan Liu
- Department of Physiology Examination, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Ren Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Po Chung
- Heart Rhythm Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mukherjee R, Tetri LH, Li SJ, Fajardo G, Ostberg NP, Tsegay KB, Gera K, Cornell TT, Bernstein D, Mochly-Rosen D, Haileselassie B. Drp1/p53 interaction mediates p53 mitochondrial localization and dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 177:28-37. [PMID: 36841153 PMCID: PMC10358757 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have implicated p53-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis induced end organ injury, including sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD). However, the mechanisms behind p53 localization to the mitochondria have not been well established. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a mediator of mitochondrial fission, may play a role in p53 mitochondrial localization. Here we examined the role of Drp1/p53 interaction in SIMD using in vitro and murine models of sepsis. METHODS H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and BALB/c mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to model sepsis phenotype. Pharmacologic inhibitors of Drp1 activation (ψDrp1) and of p53 mitochondrial binding (pifithrin μ, PFTμ) were utilized to assess interaction between Drp1 and p53, and the subsequent downstream impact on mitochondrial morphology and function, cardiomyocyte function, and sepsis phenotype. RESULTS Both in vitro and murine models demonstrated an increase in physical Drp1/p53 interaction following LPS treatment, which was associated with increased p53 mitochondrial localization, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This Drp1/p53 interaction was inhibited by ΨDrp1, suggesting that this interaction is dependent on Drp1 activation. Treatment of H9c2 cells with either ΨDrp1 or PFTμ inhibited the LPS mediated localization of Drp1/p53 to the mitochondria, decreased oxidative stress, improved cellular respiration and ATP production. Similarly, treatment of BALB/c mice with either ΨDrp1 or PFTμ decreased LPS-mediated mitochondrial localization of p53, mitochondrial ROS in cardiac tissue, and subsequently improved cardiomyocyte contractile function and survival. CONCLUSION Drp1/p53 interaction and mitochondrial localization is a key prodrome to mitochondrial damage in SIMD and inhibiting this interaction may serve as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riddhita Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laura H Tetri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sin-Jin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Giovanni Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicolai P Ostberg
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kaleb B Tsegay
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kanika Gera
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy T Cornell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bereketeab Haileselassie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Burkholz S, Rubsamen M, Blankenberg L, Carback RT, Mochly-Rosen D, Harris PE. Analysis of well-annotated next-generation sequencing data reveals increasing cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection with Omicron. Commun Biol 2023; 6:288. [PMID: 36934204 PMCID: PMC10024296 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has extensively mutated creating variants of concern (VOC) resulting in global infection surges. The Omicron VOC reinfects individuals exposed to earlier variants of SARS-CoV-2 at a higher frequency than previously seen for non-Omicron VOC. An analysis of the sub-lineages associated with an Omicron primary infection and Omicron reinfection reveals that the incidence of Omicron-Omicron reinfections is occurring over a shorter time interval than seen after a primary infection with a non-Omicron VOC. Our analysis suggests that a single infection from SARS-CoV-2 may not generate the protective immunity required to defend against reinfections from emerging Omicron lineages. This analysis was made possible by Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of a Danish cohort with clinical metadata on both infections occurring in the same individual. We suggest that the continuation of COVID-19 NGS and inclusion of clinical metadata is necessary to ensure effective surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 genomics, assist in treatment and vaccine development, and guide public health recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul E Harris
- Flow Pharma, Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH, USA.
- Columbia University, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo H, Yu X, Liu Y, Paik DT, Justesen JM, Chandy M, Jahng JWS, Zhang T, Wu W, Rwere F, Zhao SR, Pokhrel S, Shivnaraine RV, Mukherjee S, Simon DJ, Manhas A, Zhang A, Chen CH, Rivas MA, Gross ER, Mochly-Rosen D, Wu JC. SGLT2 inhibitor ameliorates endothelial dysfunction associated with the common ALDH2 alcohol flushing variant. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabp9952. [PMID: 36696485 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abp9952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The common aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) alcohol flushing variant known as ALDH2*2 affects ∼8% of the world's population. Even in heterozygous carriers, this missense variant leads to a severe loss of ALDH2 enzymatic activity and has been linked to an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction plays a determining role in all stages of CAD pathogenesis, including early-onset CAD. However, the contribution of ALDH2*2 to EC dysfunction and its relation to CAD are not fully understood. In a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) from Biobank Japan, ALDH2*2 was found to be one of the strongest single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CAD. Clinical assessment of endothelial function showed that human participants carrying ALDH2*2 exhibited impaired vasodilation after light alcohol drinking. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs (iPSC-ECs) and CRISPR-Cas9-corrected ALDH2*2 iPSC-ECs, we modeled ALDH2*2-induced EC dysfunction in vitro, demonstrating an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) production and tube formation capacity, which was further exacerbated by ethanol exposure. We subsequently found that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) such as empagliflozin mitigated ALDH2*2-associated EC dysfunction. Studies in ALDH2*2 knock-in mice further demonstrated that empagliflozin attenuated ALDH2*2-mediated vascular dysfunction in vivo. Mechanistically, empagliflozin inhibited Na+/H+-exchanger 1 (NHE-1) and activated AKT kinase and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) pathways to ameliorate ALDH2*2-induced EC dysfunction. Together, our results suggest that ALDH2*2 induces EC dysfunction and that SGLT2i may potentially be used as a preventative measure against CAD for ALDH2*2 carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Guo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Johanne Marie Justesen
- Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James W S Jahng
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weijun Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Freeborn Rwere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shane Rui Zhao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel J Simon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amit Manhas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manuel A Rivas
- Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric R Gross
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Frumkin LR, Lucas M, Wallach M, Scribner CL, St John T, Mochly-Rosen D. COVID-19 prophylaxis with immunoglobulin Y (IgY) for the world population: The critical role that governments and non-governmental organizations can play. J Glob Health 2022; 12:03080. [PMID: 36462205 PMCID: PMC9719602 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lyn R Frumkin
- SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michaela Lucas
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Wallach
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,SPARK Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Tom St John
- SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA,Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA,SPARK Global, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Feng Z, Hom ME, Bearrood TE, Rosenthal ZC, Fernández D, Ondrus AE, Gu Y, McCormick AK, Tomaske MG, Marshall CR, Kline T, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Kuo CJ, Chen JK. Targeting colorectal cancer with small-molecule inhibitors of ALDH1B1. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:1065-1075. [PMID: 35788181 PMCID: PMC9529790 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are promising cancer drug targets, as certain isoforms are required for the survival of stem-like tumor cells. We have discovered selective inhibitors of ALDH1B1, a mitochondrial enzyme that promotes colorectal and pancreatic cancer. We describe bicyclic imidazoliums and guanidines that target the ALDH1B1 active site with comparable molecular interactions and potencies. Both pharmacophores abrogate ALDH1B1 function in cells; however, the guanidines circumvent an off-target mitochondrial toxicity exhibited by the imidazoliums. Our lead isoform-selective guanidinyl antagonists of ALDHs exhibit proteome-wide target specificity, and they selectively block the growth of colon cancer spheroids and organoids. Finally, we have used genetic and chemical perturbations to elucidate the ALDH1B1-dependent transcriptome, which includes genes that regulate mitochondrial metabolism and ribosomal function. Our findings support an essential role for ALDH1B1 in colorectal cancer, provide molecular probes for studying ALDH1B1 functions and yield leads for developing ALDH1B1-targeting therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Feng
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marisa E Hom
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas E Bearrood
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zachary C Rosenthal
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Fernández
- Macromolecular Structure Knowledge Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alison E Ondrus
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuchao Gu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Cody R Marshall
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Toni Kline
- SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James K Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Frumkin LR, Lucas M, Scribner CL, Ortega-Heinly N, Rogers J, Yin G, Hallam TJ, Yam A, Bedard K, Begley R, Cohen CA, Badger CV, Abbasi SA, Dye JM, McMillan B, Wallach M, Bricker TL, Joshi A, Boon ACM, Pokhrel S, Kraemer BR, Lee L, Kargotich S, Agochiya M, John TS, Mochly-Rosen D. Egg-Derived Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) With Broad Variant Activity as Intranasal Prophylaxis Against COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899617. [PMID: 35720389 PMCID: PMC9199392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 emergency use authorizations and approvals for vaccines were achieved in record time. However, there remains a need to develop additional safe, effective, easy-to-produce, and inexpensive prevention to reduce the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection. This need is due to difficulties in vaccine manufacturing and distribution, vaccine hesitancy, and, critically, the increased prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with greater contagiousness or reduced sensitivity to immunity. Antibodies from eggs of hens (immunoglobulin Y; IgY) that were administered the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were developed for use as nasal drops to capture the virus on the nasal mucosa. Although initially raised against the 2019 novel coronavirus index strain (2019-nCoV), these anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgY surprisingly had indistinguishable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay binding against variants of concern that have emerged, including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529). This is different from sera of immunized or convalescent patients. Culture neutralization titers against available Alpha, Beta, and Delta were also indistinguishable from the index SARS-CoV-2 strain. Efforts to develop these IgY for clinical use demonstrated that the intranasal anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgY preparation showed no binding (cross-reactivity) to a variety of human tissues and had an excellent safety profile in rats following 28-day intranasal delivery of the formulated IgY. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 study evaluating single-ascending and multiple doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgY administered intranasally for 14 days in 48 healthy adults also demonstrated an excellent safety and tolerability profile, and no evidence of systemic absorption. As these antiviral IgY have broad selectivity against many variants of concern, are fast to produce, and are a low-cost product, their use as prophylaxis to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral transmission warrants further evaluation. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04567810, identifier NCT04567810.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyn R. Frumkin
- School of Medicine, SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michaela Lucas
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Internal Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Jayden Rogers
- Linear Clinical Research Ltd, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Gang Yin
- Sutro Biopharma Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Alice Yam
- Sutro Biopharma Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kristin Bedard
- Sutro Biopharma Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Begley
- School of Medicine, SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Courtney A. Cohen
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Catherine V. Badger
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Shawn A. Abbasi
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - John M. Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | | | - Michael Wallach
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- SPARK Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Traci L. Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Astha Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Adrianus C. M. Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Kraemer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lucia Lee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stephen Kargotich
- School of Medicine, SPARK Global, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mahima Agochiya
- School of Medicine, SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tom St. John
- School of Medicine, SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- School of Medicine, SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- School of Medicine, SPARK Global, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The ALDH2*2 missense variant that commonly causes alcohol flushing reactions is the single genetic polymorphism associated with the largest number of traits in humans. The dysfunctional ALDH2 variant affects nearly 8% of the world population and is highly concentrated among East Asians. Carriers of the ALDH2*2 variant commonly present alterations in a number of blood biomarkers, clinical measurements, biometrics, drug prescriptions, dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors, and they are also more susceptible to aldehyde-associated diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, the interaction between alcohol and ALDH2-related pathology is not clearly delineated. Furthermore, genetic evidence indicates that the ALDH2*2 variant has been favorably selected for in the past 2000-3000 years. It is therefore necessary to consider the disease risk and mechanism associated with ALDH2 deficiency, and to understand the possible beneficial or protective effect conferred by ALDH2 deficiency and whether the pleiotropic effects of ALDH2 variance are all mediated by alcohol use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Scheffer DDL, Garcia AA, Lee L, Mochly-Rosen D, Ferreira JCB. Mitochondrial Fusion, Fission, and Mitophagy in Cardiac Diseases: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:844-863. [PMID: 35044229 PMCID: PMC9125524 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondria play a critical role in the physiology of the heart by controlling cardiac metabolism, function, and remodeling. Accumulation of fragmented and damaged mitochondria is a hallmark of cardiac diseases. Recent Advances: Disruption of quality control systems that maintain mitochondrial number, size, and shape through fission/fusion balance and mitophagy results in dysfunctional mitochondria, defective mitochondrial segregation, impaired cardiac bioenergetics, and excessive oxidative stress. Critical Issues: Pharmacological tools that improve the cardiac pool of healthy mitochondria through inhibition of excessive mitochondrial fission, boosting mitochondrial fusion, or increasing the clearance of damaged mitochondria have emerged as promising approaches to improve the prognosis of heart diseases. Future Directions: There is a reasonable amount of preclinical evidence supporting the effectiveness of molecules targeting mitochondrial fission and fusion to treat cardiac diseases. The current and future challenges are turning these lead molecules into treatments. Clinical studies focusing on acute (i.e., myocardial infarction) and chronic (i.e., heart failure) cardiac diseases are needed to validate the effectiveness of such strategies in improving mitochondrial morphology, metabolism, and cardiac function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 844-863.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ann Garcia
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lucia Lee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Julio Cesar Batista Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Koperniku A, Garcia AA, Mochly-Rosen D. Boosting the Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase for the Treatment of Cancer, Infectious Diseases, and Inflammation. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4403-4423. [PMID: 35239352 PMCID: PMC9553131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an overview of small molecule glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) inhibitors that have potential for use in the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, and inflammation. Both steroidal and nonsteroidal inhibitors have been identified with steroidal inhibitors lacking target selectivity. The main scaffolds encountered in nonsteroidal inhibitors are quinazolinones and benzothiazinones/benzothiazepinones. Three molecules show promise for development as antiparasitic (25 and 29) and anti-inflammatory (32) agents. Regarding modality of inhibition (MOI), steroidal inhibitors have been shown to be uncompetitive and reversible. Nonsteroidal small molecules have exhibited all types of MOI. Strategies to boost the discovery of small molecule G6PD inhibitors include exploration of structure-activity relationships (SARs) for established inhibitors, employment of high-throughput screening (HTS), and fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) for the identification of new hits. We discuss the challenges and gaps associated with drug discovery efforts of G6PD inhibitors from in silico, in vitro, and in cellulo to in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Koperniku
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding Author: Ana Koperniku,
| | - Adriana A. Garcia
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin AJ, Joshi AU, Mukherjee R, Tompkins CA, Vijayan V, Mochly-Rosen D, Haileselassie B. δPKC-Mediated DRP1 Phosphorylation Impacts Macrophage Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Response to Endotoxin. Shock 2022; 57:435-443. [PMID: 34738957 PMCID: PMC8885892 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that alterations in mitochondrial dynamics can impact innate immune function. However, the upstream mechanisms that link mitochondrial dynamics to innate immune phenotypes have not been completely elucidated. This study asks if Protein Kinase C, subunit delta (δPKC)-mediated phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a key driver of mitochondrial fission, impacts macrophage pro-inflammatory response following bacterial-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. METHODS Using RAW 264.7 cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages from C57BL/6J mice, as well as human monocyte-derived macrophages, we first characterized changes in δPKC-mediated phosphorylation of Drp1 following LPS stimulation. Next, using rationally designed peptides that inhibit δPKC activation (δV1-1) and δPKC-Drp1 interaction (ψDrp1), we determined whether δPKC-mediated phosphorylation of Drp1 impacts LPS-induced changes in mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory response. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that δPKC-dependent Drp1 activation is associated with increased mitochondrial fission, impaired cellular respiration, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in LPS-treated macrophages. This is reversed using a rationally designed peptide that selectively inhibits δPKC phosphorylation of Drp1 (ψDrp1). Interestingly, limiting excessive mitochondrial fission using ψDrp1 reduced LPS-triggered pro-inflammatory response, including a decrease in NF-κB nuclear localization, decreased iNOS induction, and a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6). CONCLUSION These data suggest that inhibiting Drp1 phosphorylation by δPKC abates the excessive mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial dysfunction that is seen following LPS treatment. Furthermore, these data suggest that limiting δPKC-dependent Drp1 activation decreases the pro-inflammatory response following LPS treatment. Altogether, δPKC-dependent Drp1 phosphorylation might be an upstream mechanistic link between alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and innate immune phenotypes, and may have therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lin
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amit U Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Riddhita Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carly A Tompkins
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vijith Vijayan
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bereketeab Haileselassie
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Garcia AA, Mathews II, Horikoshi N, Matsui T, Kaur M, Wakatsuki S, Mochly-Rosen D. Stabilization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase oligomers enhances catalytic activity and stability of clinical variants. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101610. [PMID: 35065072 PMCID: PMC8861134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic trait that can cause hemolytic anemia. To date, over 150 nonsynonymous mutations have been identified in G6PD, with pathogenic mutations clustering near the dimer and/or tetramer interface and the allosteric NADP+-binding site. Recently, our lab identified a small molecule that activates G6PD variants by stabilizing the allosteric NADP+ and dimer complex, suggesting therapeutics that target these regions may improve structural defects. Here, we elucidated the connection between allosteric NADP+ binding, oligomerization, and pathogenicity to determine whether oligomer stabilization can be used as a therapeutic strategy for G6PD deficiency (G6PDdef). We first solved the crystal structure for G6PDK403Q, a mutant that mimics the physiological acetylation of wild-type G6PD in erythrocytes and demonstrated that loss of allosteric NADP+ binding induces conformational changes in the dimer. These structural changes prevent tetramerization, are unique to Class I variants (the most severe form of G6PDdef), and cause the deactivation and destabilization of G6PD. We also introduced nonnative cysteines at the oligomer interfaces and found that the tetramer complex is more catalytically active and stable than the dimer. Furthermore, stabilizing the dimer and tetramer improved protein stability in clinical variants, regardless of clinical classification, with tetramerization also improving the activity of G6PDK403Q and Class I variants. These findings were validated using enzyme activity and thermostability assays, analytical size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and SEC coupled with small-angle X-ray scattering (SEC-SAXS). Taken together, our findings suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for G6PDdef and provide a foundation for future drug discovery efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ann Garcia
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Irimpan I Mathews
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Naoki Horikoshi
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Biological Sciences Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tsutomu Matsui
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Manat Kaur
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Soichi Wakatsuki
- Biological Sciences Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen CJ, Hudson AF, Jia AS, Kunchur CR, Song AJ, Tran E, Fisher CJ, Zanchi D, Lee L, Kargotich S, Romeo M, Koperniku A, Pamnani RD, Mochly-Rosen D. Affordable IgY-based antiviral prophylaxis for resource-limited settings to address epidemic and pandemic risks. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05009. [PMID: 35265332 PMCID: PMC8877785 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 exposed a global problem, as highly effective vaccines are challenging to produce and distribute, particularly in regions with limited resources and funding. As an alternative, immunoglobulins produced in eggs of immunized hens (IgY) can be a simple and inexpensive source for a topical and temporary prophylaxis. Here, we developed a method to extract and purify IgY antibodies from egg yolks of hens immunized against viral pathogen-derived proteins using low-cost, readily available materials, for use in resource-limited settings. Methods Existing protocols for IgY purification and equipment were modified, including extraction from yolks and separation of water-soluble IgY using common household reagents and tools. A replacement for a commercial centrifuge was developed, using a home food processor equipped with a 3D printed adapter to enable IgY precipitation. IgY purification was verified using standard gel electrophoresis and Western blot analyses. Results We developed a step-by-step protocol for IgY purification for two settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC): a local laboratory, where commercial centrifuges are available, or a more rural setting, where an alternative for expensive centrifuges can be used. Gel electrophoresis and Western blot analyses confirmed that the method produced highly enriched IgY preparation; each commercial egg produced ~ 90 mg of IgY. We also designed a kit for IgY production in these two settings and provided a cost estimate of the kit. Conclusion IgY purified from eggs of immunized local hens can offer a fast and affordable prophylaxis, provided that purification can be performed in a resource-limited setting. Here, we created a low-cost method that can be used anywhere where electricity is available using inexpensive, readily available materials in place of costly, specialized laboratory equipment and chemicals. This procedure can readily be used now to make an anti-SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis in areas where vaccines are unavailable, and can be modified to combat future threats from viral epidemics and pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Chen
- Office of the Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anna F Hudson
- Office of the Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Allison S Jia
- Office of the Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Caitlin R Kunchur
- Office of the Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andrew J Song
- Office of the Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Edward Tran
- Office of the Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chris J Fisher
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Davide Zanchi
- Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lucia Lee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stephen Kargotich
- SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mary Romeo
- SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ana Koperniku
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ravinder D Pamnani
- Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qvit N, Lin AJ, Elezaby A, Ostberg NP, Campos JC, Ferreira JCB, Mochly-Rosen D. A Selective Inhibitor of Cardiac Troponin I Phosphorylation by Delta Protein Kinase C (δPKC) as a Treatment for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:271. [PMID: 35337069 PMCID: PMC8950820 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, with myocardial injury occurring during ischemia and subsequent reperfusion (IR). We previously showed that the inhibition of protein kinase C delta (δPKC) with a pan-inhibitor (δV1-1) mitigates myocardial injury and improves mitochondrial function in animal models of IR, and in humans with acute myocardial infarction, when treated at the time of opening of the occluded blood vessel, at reperfusion. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a key sarcomeric protein in cardiomyocyte contraction, is phosphorylated by δPKC during reperfusion. Here, we describe a rationally-designed, selective, high-affinity, eight amino acid peptide that inhibits cTnI's interaction with, and phosphorylation by, δPKC (ψTnI), and prevents tissue injury in a Langendorff model of myocardial infarction, ex vivo. Unexpectedly, we also found that this treatment attenuates IR-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These data suggest that δPKC phosphorylation of cTnI is critical in IR injury, and that a cTnI/δPKC interaction inhibitor should be considered as a therapeutic target to reduce cardiac injury after myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr. Room 3145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.Q.); (A.J.L.); (A.E.); (N.P.O.); (J.C.B.F.)
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Amanda J. Lin
- Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr. Room 3145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.Q.); (A.J.L.); (A.E.); (N.P.O.); (J.C.B.F.)
| | - Aly Elezaby
- Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr. Room 3145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.Q.); (A.J.L.); (A.E.); (N.P.O.); (J.C.B.F.)
| | - Nicolai P. Ostberg
- Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr. Room 3145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.Q.); (A.J.L.); (A.E.); (N.P.O.); (J.C.B.F.)
| | - Juliane C. Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Julio C. B. Ferreira
- Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr. Room 3145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.Q.); (A.J.L.); (A.E.); (N.P.O.); (J.C.B.F.)
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr. Room 3145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.Q.); (A.J.L.); (A.E.); (N.P.O.); (J.C.B.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen SM, Hee SW, Chou SY, Liu MW, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Chang TJ, Chuang LM. Activation of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Ameliorates Glucolipotoxicity of Pancreatic Beta Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101474. [PMID: 34680107 PMCID: PMC8533366 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia hamper beta cell function, leading to glucolipotoxicity. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) detoxifies reactive aldehydes, such as methylglyoxal (MG) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), derived from glucose and lipids, respectively. We aimed to investigate whether ALDH2 activators ameliorated beta cell dysfunction and apoptosis induced by glucolipotoxicity, and its potential mechanisms of action. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in MIN6 cells and insulin secretion from isolated islets in perifusion experiments were measured. The intracellular ATP concentrations and oxygen consumption rates of MIN6 cells were assessed. Furthermore, the cell viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined. Additionally, the pro-apoptotic, apoptotic, and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways were investigated. We found that Alda-1 enhanced GSIS by improving the mitochondrial function of pancreatic beta cells. Alda-1 rescued MIN6 cells from MG- and 4-HNE-induced beta cell death, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ROS production. However, the above effects of Alda-1 were abolished in Aldh2 knockdown MIN6 cells. In conclusion, we reported that the activator of ALDH2 not only enhanced GSIS, but also ameliorated the glucolipotoxicity of beta cells by reducing both the mitochondrial and intracellular ROS levels, thereby improving mitochondrial function, restoring beta cell function, and protecting beta cells from apoptosis and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiau-Mei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (S.-M.C.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.-W.L.); (L.-M.C.)
| | - Siow-Wey Hee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (S.-M.C.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.-W.L.); (L.-M.C.)
| | - Shih-Yun Chou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (S.-M.C.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.-W.L.); (L.-M.C.)
| | - Meng-Wei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (S.-M.C.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.-W.L.); (L.-M.C.)
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.-H.C.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.-H.C.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Tien-Jyun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (S.-M.C.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.-W.L.); (L.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 66217)
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (S.-M.C.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.-W.L.); (L.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Burkholz S, Pokhrel S, Kraemer BR, Mochly-Rosen D, Carback RT, Hodge T, Harris P, Ciotlos S, Wang L, Herst CV, Rubsamen R. Paired SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations observed during ongoing SARS-CoV-2 viral transfer from humans to minks and back to humans. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 93:104897. [PMID: 33971305 PMCID: PMC8103774 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A mutation analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected around the world sorted by sequence, date, geographic location, and species has revealed a large number of variants from the initial reference sequence in Wuhan. This analysis also reveals that humans infected with SARS-CoV-2 have infected mink populations in the Netherlands, Denmark, United States, and Canada. In these animals, a small set of mutations in the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD), often occurring in specific combinations, has transferred back into humans. The viral genomic mutations in minks observed in the Netherlands and Denmark show the potential for new mutations on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD to be introduced into humans by zoonotic transfer. Our data suggests that close attention to viral transfer from humans to farm animals and pets will be required to prevent build-up of a viral reservoir for potential future zoonotic transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Burkholz
- Flow Pharma, Inc., 4829 Galaxy Parkway, Suite K, Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, United States of America
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R Kraemer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Richard T Carback
- Flow Pharma, Inc., 4829 Galaxy Parkway, Suite K, Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, United States of America
| | - Tom Hodge
- Flow Pharma, Inc., 4829 Galaxy Parkway, Suite K, Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, United States of America
| | - Paul Harris
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Serban Ciotlos
- Flow Pharma, Inc., 4829 Galaxy Parkway, Suite K, Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, United States of America
| | - Lu Wang
- Flow Pharma, Inc., 4829 Galaxy Parkway, Suite K, Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, United States of America
| | - C V Herst
- Flow Pharma, Inc., 4829 Galaxy Parkway, Suite K, Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, United States of America
| | - Reid Rubsamen
- Flow Pharma, Inc., 4829 Galaxy Parkway, Suite K, Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Garcia AA, Koperniku A, Ferreira JCB, Mochly-Rosen D. Treatment strategies for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: past and future perspectives. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:829-844. [PMID: 34389161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) maintains redox balance in a variety of cell types and is essential for erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress. G6PD deficiency, caused by mutations in the G6PD gene, is present in ~400 million people worldwide, and can cause acute hemolytic anemia. Currently, there are no therapeutics for G6PD deficiency. We discuss the role of G6PD in hemolytic and nonhemolytic disorders, treatment strategies attempted over the years, and potential reasons for their failure. We also discuss potential pharmacological pathways, including glutathione (GSH) metabolism, compensatory NADPH production routes, transcriptional upregulation of the G6PD gene, highlighting potential drug targets. The needs and opportunities described here may motivate the development of a therapeutic for hematological and other chronic diseases associated with G6PD deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Garcia
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ana Koperniku
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pokhrel S, Kraemer BR, Burkholz S, Mochly-Rosen D. Natural variants in SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein pinpoint structural and functional hotspots with implications for prophylaxis and therapeutic strategies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13120. [PMID: 34162970 PMCID: PMC8222349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the cause of pneumonia with severe respiratory distress and outbreaks in Wuhan, China. The rapid and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Earlier during the pandemic, there were limited genetic viral variations. As millions of people became infected, multiple single amino acid substitutions emerged. Many of these substitutions have no consequences. However, some of the new variants show a greater infection rate, more severe disease, and reduced sensitivity to current prophylaxes and treatments. Of particular importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission are mutations that occur in the Spike (S) protein, the protein on the viral outer envelope that binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor (hACE2). Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 441,168 individual virus sequences isolated from humans throughout the world. From the individual sequences, we identified 3540 unique amino acid substitutions in the S protein. Analysis of these different variants in the S protein pinpointed important functional and structural sites in the protein. This information may guide the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics to help arrest the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin R Kraemer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee L, Samardzic K, Wallach M, Frumkin LR, Mochly-Rosen D. Immunoglobulin Y for Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications in Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696003. [PMID: 34177963 PMCID: PMC8220206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic drugs and vaccines are essential to maintaining the health of humans and animals. Yet, their production can be slow and expensive, and efficacy lost once pathogens mount resistance. Chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a highly conserved homolog of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) that has shown benefits and a favorable safety profile, primarily in animal models of human infectious diseases. IgY is fast-acting, easy to produce, and low cost. IgY antibodies can readily be generated in large quantities with minimal environmental harm or infrastructure investment by using egg-laying hens. We summarize a variety of IgY uses, focusing on their potential for the detection, prevention, and treatment of human and animal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kate Samardzic
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael Wallach
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pokhrel S, Kraemer BR, Lee L, Samardzic K, Mochly-Rosen D. Increased elastase sensitivity and decreased intramolecular interactions in the more transmissible 501Y.V1 and 501Y.V2 SARS-CoV-2 variants' spike protein-an in silico analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251426. [PMID: 34038453 PMCID: PMC8153447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern showing increased transmissibility relative to the Wuhan virus have recently been identified. Although neither variant appears to cause more severe illness nor increased risk of death, the faster spread of the virus is a major threat. Using computational tools, we found that the new SARS-CoV-2 variants may acquire an increased transmissibility by increasing the propensity of its spike protein to expose the receptor binding domain via proteolysis, perhaps by neutrophil elastase and/or via reduced intramolecular interactions that contribute to the stability of the closed conformation of spike protein. This information leads to the identification of potential treatments to avert the imminent threat of these more transmittable SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R. Kraemer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Lucia Lee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Kate Samardzic
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tsai HC, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Li YCE, Chen MH. The Role of Alcohol, LPS Toxicity, and ALDH2 in Dental Bony Defects. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050651. [PMID: 33925003 PMCID: PMC8145216 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 560 million people carry an East Asian-specific ALDH2*2 dominant-negative mutation which leads to enzyme inactivation. This common ALDH2 polymorphism has a significant association with osteoporosis. We hypothesized that the ALDH2*2 mutation in conjunction with periodontal Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial infection and alcohol drinking had an inhibitory effect on osteoblasts and bone regeneration. We examined the prospective association of ALDH2 activity with the proliferation and mineralization potential of human osteoblasts in vitro. The ALDH2 knockdown experiments showed that the ALDH2 knockdown osteoblasts lost their proliferation and mineralization capability. To mimic dental bacterial infection, we compared the dental bony defects in wild-type mice and ALDH2*2 knockin mice after injection with purified lipopolysaccharides (LPS), derived from P. gingivalis which is a bacterial species known to cause periodontitis. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan results indicated that bone regeneration was significantly affected in the ALDH2*2 knockin mice with about 20% more dental bony defects after LPS injection than the wild-type mice. Moreover, the ALDH2*2 knockin mutant mice had decreased osteoblast growth and more dental bone loss in the upper left jaw region after LPS injection. In conclusion, these results indicated that the ALDH2*2 mutation with alcohol drinking and chronic exposure to dental bacterial-derived toxin increased the risk of dental bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Cheng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.-H.C.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.-H.C.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Yi-Chen Ethan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.E.L.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-424-517-250 (ext. 3688) (Y.-C.E.L.); +886-223-123-456 (ext. 62342) (M.-H.C.)
| | - Min-Huey Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.E.L.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-424-517-250 (ext. 3688) (Y.-C.E.L.); +886-223-123-456 (ext. 62342) (M.-H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Malkovskiy AV, Van Wassenhove LD, Goltsev Y, Osei-Sarfo K, Chen CH, Efron B, Gudas LJ, Mochly-Rosen D, Rajadas J. The Effect of Ethanol Consumption on Composition and Morphology of Femur Cortical Bone in Wild-Type and ALDH2*2-Homozygous Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:265-276. [PMID: 33068139 PMCID: PMC8092984 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ALDH2 inactivating mutation (ALDH2*2) is the most abundant mutation leading to bone morphological aberration. Osteoporosis has long been associated with changes in bone biomaterial in elderly populations. Such changes can be exacerbated with elevated ethanol consumption and in subjects with impaired ethanol metabolism, such as carriers of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2)-deficient gene, ALDH2*2. So far, little is known about bone compositional changes besides a decrease in mineralization. Raman spectroscopic imaging has been utilized to study the changes in overall composition of C57BL/6 female femur bone sections, as well as in compound spatial distribution. Raman maps of bone sections were analyzed using multilinear regression with these four isolated components, resulting in maps of their relative distribution. A 15-week treatment of both wild-type (WT) and ALDH2*2/*2 mice with 20% ethanol in the drinking water resulted in a significantly lower mineral content (p < 0.05) in the bones. There was no significant change in mineral and collagen content due to the mutation alone (p > 0.4). Highly localized islets of elongated adipose tissue were observed on most maps. Elevated fat content was found in ALDH2*2 knock-in mice consuming ethanol (p < 0.0001) and this effect appeared cumulative. This work conclusively demonstrates that that osteocytes in femurs of older female mice accumulate fat, as has been previously theorized, and that fat accumulation is likely modulated by levels of acetaldehyde, the ethanol metabolite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Lauren D Van Wassenhove
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yury Goltsev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kwame Osei-Sarfo
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bradley Efron
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Minhas PS, Latif-Hernandez A, McReynolds MR, Durairaj AS, Wang Q, Rubin A, Joshi AU, He JQ, Gauba E, Liu L, Wang C, Linde M, Sugiura Y, Moon PK, Majeti R, Suematsu M, Mochly-Rosen D, Weissman IL, Longo FM, Rabinowitz JD, Andreasson KI. Restoring metabolism of myeloid cells reverses cognitive decline in ageing. Nature 2021; 590:122-128. [PMID: 33473210 PMCID: PMC8274816 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by the development of persistent pro-inflammatory responses that contribute to atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, cancer and frailty1-3. The ageing brain is also vulnerable to inflammation, as demonstrated by the high prevalence of age-associated cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease4-6. Systemically, circulating pro-inflammatory factors can promote cognitive decline7,8, and in the brain, microglia lose the ability to clear misfolded proteins that are associated with neurodegeneration9,10. However, the underlying mechanisms that initiate and sustain maladaptive inflammation with ageing are not well defined. Here we show that in ageing mice myeloid cell bioenergetics are suppressed in response to increased signalling by the lipid messenger prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major modulator of inflammation11. In ageing macrophages and microglia, PGE2 signalling through its EP2 receptor promotes the sequestration of glucose into glycogen, reducing glucose flux and mitochondrial respiration. This energy-deficient state, which drives maladaptive pro-inflammatory responses, is further augmented by a dependence of aged myeloid cells on glucose as a principal fuel source. In aged mice, inhibition of myeloid EP2 signalling rejuvenates cellular bioenergetics, systemic and brain inflammatory states, hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory. Moreover, blockade of peripheral myeloid EP2 signalling is sufficient to restore cognition in aged mice. Our study suggests that cognitive ageing is not a static or irrevocable condition but can be reversed by reprogramming myeloid glucose metabolism to restore youthful immune functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paras S. Minhas
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amira Latif-Hernandez
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Amira Latif-Hernandez, Melanie R. McReynolds
| | - Melanie R. McReynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Amira Latif-Hernandez, Melanie R. McReynolds
| | - Aarooran S. Durairaj
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Rubin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amit U. Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joy Q. He
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Esha Gauba
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Miles Linde
- Department of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter K. Moon
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ravi Majeti
- Department of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Irving L. Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frank M. Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Katrin I. Andreasson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to K.I.A.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hu YF, Wu CH, Lai TC, Chang YC, Hwang MJ, Chang TY, Weng CH, Chang PMH, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Huang CYF, Chen SA. ALDH2 deficiency induces atrial fibrillation through dysregulated cardiac sodium channel and mitochondrial bioenergetics: A multi-omics analysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166088. [PMID: 33515676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Point mutation in alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), ALDH2*2 results in decreased catalytic enzyme activity and has been found to be associated with different human pathologies. Whether ALDH2*2 would induce cardiac remodeling and increase the attack of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains poorly understood. The present study evaluated the effect of ALDH2*2 mutation on AF susceptibility and unravelled the underlying mechanisms using a multi-omics approach including whole-genome gene expression and proteomics analysis. The in-vivo electrophysiological study showed an increase in the incidence and reduction in the threshold of AF for the mutant mice heterozygous for ALDH2*2 as compared to the wild type littermates. The microarray analysis revealed a reduction in the retinoic acid signals which was accompanied by a downstream reduction in the expression of voltage-gated Na+ channels (SCN5A). The treatment of an antagonist for retinoic acid receptor resulted in a decrease in SCN5A transcript levels. The integrated analysis of the transcriptome and proteome data showed a dysregulation of fatty acid β-oxidation, adenosine triphosphate synthesis via electron transport chain, and activated oxidative responses in the mitochondria. Oral administration of Coenzyme Q10, an essential co-factor known to meliorate mitochondrial oxidative stress and preserve bioenergetics, conferred a protection against AF attack in the mutant ALDH2*2 mice. The multi-omics approach showed the unique pathophysiology mechanisms of concurrent dysregulated SCN5A channel and mitochondrial bioenergetics in AF. This inspired the development of a personalized therapeutic agent, Coenzyme Q10, to protect against AF attack in humans characterized by ALDH2*2 genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Hu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsun Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ching Lai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yung Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Weng
- Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tian R, Colucci WS, Arany Z, Bachschmid MM, Ballinger SW, Boudina S, Bruce JE, Busija DW, Dikalov S, Dorn GW, Galis ZS, Gottlieb RA, Kelly DP, Kitsis RN, Kohr MJ, Levy D, Lewandowski ED, McClung JM, Mochly-Rosen D, O'Brien KD, O'Rourke B, Park JY, Ping P, Sack MN, Sheu SS, Shi Y, Shiva S, Wallace DC, Weiss RG, Vernon HJ, Wong R, Schwartz Longacre L. Unlocking the Secrets of Mitochondria in the Cardiovascular System: Path to a Cure in Heart Failure—A Report from the 2018 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop. Circulation 2020; 140:1205-1216. [PMID: 31769940 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as a central factor in the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure, and other cardiovascular diseases, as well, but no therapies are available to treat mitochondrial dysfunction. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a group of leading experts in heart failure, cardiovascular diseases, and mitochondria research in August 2018. These experts reviewed the current state of science and identified key gaps and opportunities in basic, translational, and clinical research focusing on the potential of mitochondria-based therapeutic strategies in heart failure. The workshop provided short- and long-term recommendations for moving the field toward clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of heart failure and cardiovascular diseases by using mitochondria-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Zoltan Arany
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | | | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - James E. Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - David W. Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sergey Dikalov
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Gerald W. Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Zorina S. Galis
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Daniel P. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Richard N. Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Mark J. Kohr
- Departments of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel Levy
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian O'Rourke
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joon-Young Park
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peipei Ping
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael N. Sack
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yang Shi
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, PA
| | - Robert G. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hilary J. Vernon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Renee Wong
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen CH, Ferreira JCB, Joshi AU, Stevens MC, Li SJ, Hsu JHM, Maclean R, Ferreira ND, Cervantes PR, Martinez DD, Barrientos FL, Quintanares GHR, Mochly-Rosen D. Novel and prevalent non-East Asian ALDH2 variants; Implications for global susceptibility to aldehydes' toxicity. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102753. [PMID: 32403082 PMCID: PMC7218264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) catalyzes the detoxification of aliphatic aldehydes, including acetaldehyde. About 45% of Han Chinese (East Asians), accounting for 8% of humans, carry a single point mutation in ALDH2*2 (E504K) that leads to accumulation of toxic reactive aldehydes. Methods Sequencing of a small Mexican cohort and a search in the ExAC genomic database for additional ALDH2 variants common in various ethnic groups was set to identify missense variants. These were evaluated in vitro, and in cultured cells expressing these new and common variants. Findings In a cohort of Hispanic donors, we identified 2 novel mutations in ALDH2. Using the ExAC genomic database, we found these identified variants and at least three other ALDH2 variants with a single point mutation among Latino, African, South Asian, and Finnish ethnic groups, at a frequency of >5/1000. Although located in different parts of the ALDH2 molecule, these common ALDH2 mutants exhibited a significant reduction in activity compared with the wild type enzyme in vitro and in 3T3 cells overexpressing each of the variants, and a greater ethanol-induced toxicity. As Alda-1, previously identified activator, did not activate some of the new mutant ALDH2 enzymes, we continued the screen and identified Alda-64, which is effective in correcting the loss of activity in most of these new and common ALDH2 variants. Interpretation Since ~80% of the world population consumes ethanol and since acetaldehyde accumulation contributes to a variety of diseases, the identification of additional inactivating variants of ALDH2 in different ethnic groups may help develop new ‘precision medicine’ for carriers of these inactive ALDH2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amit U Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Matthew C Stevens
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Sin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA; Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jade H-M Hsu
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA; Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rory Maclean
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Nikolas D Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pilar R Cervantes
- Translational Medicine and Innovation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Diana D Martinez
- Translational Medicine and Innovation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Fernando L Barrientos
- Translational Medicine and Innovation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Gibran H R Quintanares
- Translational Medicine and Innovation Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Horikoshi N, Hwang S, Gati C, Matsui T, Castillo-Orellana C, Garcia AA, Raub AG, Jabbarpour F, Mochly-Rosen D, Wakatsuki S, Vöhringer-Martinez E. Structural defect leads to human severe (Class I) loss of function in glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.08997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Horikoshi
- Stanford University
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- University of Tsukuba
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rwere F, White JR, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Gross ER. Characterization of a Human ALDH2 Mutant that Causes Alcohol Flushing in Non‐east Asians. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.09088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
40
|
Haileselassie B, Joshi AU, Minhas PS, Mukherjee R, Andreasson KI, Mochly-Rosen D. Mitochondrial dysfunction mediated through dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) propagates impairment in blood brain barrier in septic encephalopathy. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:36. [PMID: 31987040 PMCID: PMC6986002 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Out of the myriad of complications associated with septic shock, septic-associated encephalopathy (SAE) carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Blood-brain-barrier (BBB) impairment, which subsequently leads to increased vascular permeability, has been associated with neuronal injury in sepsis. Thus, preventing BBB damage is an attractive therapeutic target. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important contributor of sepsis-induced multi-organ system failure. More recently, mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells has been implicated in mediating BBB failure in stroke, multiple sclerosis and in other neuroinflammatory disorders. Here, we focused on Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells as a potential target to prevent BBB failure in sepsis. Methods We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation and BBB disruption in a cell culture as well as in murine model of sepsis. BBB disruption was assessed by measuring levels of key tight-junction proteins. Brain cytokines levels, oxidative stress markers, and activity of mitochondrial complexes were measured using biochemical assays. Astrocyte and microglial activation were measured using immunoblotting and qPCR. Transwell cultures of brain microvascular endothelial cells co-cultured with astrocytes were used to assess the effect of LPS on expression of tight-junction proteins, mitochondrial function, and permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran. Finally, primary neuronal cultures exposed to LPS were assessed for mitochondrial dysfunction. Results LPS induced a strong brain inflammatory response and oxidative stress in mice which was associated with increased Drp1 activation and mitochondrial localization. Particularly, Drp1-(Fission 1) Fis1-mediated oxidative stress also led to an increase in expression of vascular permeability regulators in the septic mice. Similarly, mitochondrial defects mediated via Drp1-Fis1 interaction in primary microvascular endothelial cells were associated with increased BBB permeability and loss of tight-junctions after acute LPS injury. P110, an inhibitor of Drp1-Fis1 interaction, abrogated these defects, thus indicating a critical role for this interaction in mediating sepsis-induced brain dysfunction. Finally, LPS mediated a direct toxic effect on primary cortical neurons, which was abolished by P110 treatment. Conclusions LPS-induced impairment of BBB appears to be dependent on Drp1-Fis1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction with P110 may have potential therapeutic significance in septic encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bereketeab Haileselassie
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Amit U Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Paras S Minhas
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Riddhita Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katrin I Andreasson
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Joshi AU, Van Wassenhove LD, Logas KR, Minhas PS, Andreasson KI, Weinberg KI, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity and aldehydic load contribute to neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease related pathology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:190. [PMID: 31829281 PMCID: PMC6907112 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency (ALDH2*2) causes facial flushing in response to alcohol consumption in approximately 560 million East Asians. Recent meta-analysis demonstrated the potential link between ALDH2*2 mutation and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Other studies have linked chronic alcohol consumption as a risk factor for AD. In the present study, we show that fibroblasts of an AD patient that also has an ALDH2*2 mutation or overexpression of ALDH2*2 in fibroblasts derived from AD patients harboring ApoE ε4 allele exhibited increased aldehydic load, oxidative stress, and increased mitochondrial dysfunction relative to healthy subjects and exposure to ethanol exacerbated these dysfunctions. In an in vivo model, daily exposure of WT mice to ethanol for 11 weeks resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and increased aldehyde levels in their brains and these pathologies were greater in ALDH2*2/*2 (homozygous) mice. Following chronic ethanol exposure, the levels of the AD-associated protein, amyloid-β, and neuroinflammation were higher in the brains of the ALDH2*2/*2 mice relative to WT. Cultured primary cortical neurons of ALDH2*2/*2 mice showed increased sensitivity to ethanol and there was a greater activation of their primary astrocytes relative to the responses of neurons or astrocytes from the WT mice. Importantly, an activator of ALDH2 and ALDH2*2, Alda-1, blunted the ethanol-induced increases in Aβ, and the neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that impairment in the metabolism of aldehydes, and specifically ethanol-derived acetaldehyde, is a contributor to AD associated pathology and highlights the likely risk of alcohol consumption in the general population and especially in East Asians that carry ALDH2*2 mutation.
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric R Gross
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ueta CB, Campos JC, Albuquerque RPE, Lima VM, Disatnik MH, Sanchez AB, Chen CH, de Medeiros MHG, Yang W, Mochly-Rosen D, Ferreira JCB. Cardioprotection induced by a brief exposure to acetaldehyde: role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1006-1015. [PMID: 29579152 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We previously demonstrated that acute ethanol administration protects the heart from ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury thorough activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Here, we characterized the role of acetaldehyde, an intermediate product from ethanol metabolism, and its metabolizing enzyme, ALDH2, in an ex vivo model of cardiac I/R injury. Methods and results We used a combination of homozygous knock-in mice (ALDH2*2), carrying the human inactivating point mutation ALDH2 (E487K), and a direct activator of ALDH2, Alda-1, to investigate the cardiac effect of acetaldehyde. The ALDH2*2 mice have impaired acetaldehyde clearance, recapitulating the human phenotype. Yet, we found a similar infarct size in wild type (WT) and ALDH2*2 mice. Similar to ethanol-induced preconditioning, pre-treatment with 50 μM acetaldehyde increased ALDH2 activity and reduced cardiac injury in hearts of WT mice without affecting cardiac acetaldehyde levels. However, acetaldehyde pre-treatment of hearts of ALDH2*2 mice resulted in a three-fold increase in cardiac acetaldehyde levels and exacerbated I/R injury. Therefore, exogenous acetaldehyde appears to have a bimodal effect in I/R, depending on the ALDH2 genotype. Further supporting an ALDH2 role in cardiac preconditioning, pharmacological ALDH2 inhibition abolished ethanol-induced cardioprotection in hearts of WT mice, whereas a selective activator, Alda-1, protected ALDH2*2 against ethanol-induced cardiotoxicity. Finally, either genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ALDH2 mitigated ischaemic preconditioning. Conclusion Taken together, our findings suggest that low levels of acetaldehyde are cardioprotective whereas high levels are damaging in an ex vivo model of I/R injury and that ALDH2 is a major, but not the only, regulator of cardiac acetaldehyde levels and protection from I/R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Bagne Ueta
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliane Cruz Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Morais Lima
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie-Hélène Disatnik
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Wenjin Yang
- Foresee Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Raub AG, Hwang S, Horikoshi N, Cunningham AD, Rahighi S, Wakatsuki S, Mochly-Rosen D. Small-Molecule Activators of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Bridging the Dimer Interface. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1321-1324. [PMID: 31183991 PMCID: PMC6701841 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified AG1, a small-molecule activator that functions by promoting oligomerization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) to the catalytically competent forms. Biochemical experiments indicate that the activation of G6PD by the original hit molecule (AG1) is noncovalent and that one C2 -symmetric region of the G6PD homodimer is important for ligand function. Consequently, the disulfide in AG1 is not required for activation of G6PD, and a number of analogues were prepared without this reactive moiety. Our study supports a mechanism of action whereby AG1 bridges the dimer interface at the structural nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+ ) binding sites of two interacting G6PD monomers. Small molecules that promote G6PD oligomerization have the potential to provide a first-in-class treatment for G6PD deficiency. This general strategy could be applied to other enzyme deficiencies in which control of oligomerization can enhance enzymatic activity and/or stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Raub
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sunhee Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Naoki Horikoshi
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Biosciences Division, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Anna D Cunningham
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Freenome Inc., 259 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Simin Rahighi
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Biosciences Division, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Soichi Wakatsuki
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Biosciences Division, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ebert A, Joshi AU, Andorf S, Dai Y, Sampathkumar S, Chen H, Li Y, Garg P, Toischer K, Hasenfuss G, Mochly-Rosen D, Wu JC. Proteasome-Dependent Regulation of Distinct Metabolic States During Long-Term Culture of Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2019; 125:90-103. [PMID: 31104567 PMCID: PMC6613799 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The immature presentation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) is currently a challenge for their application in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. Long-term culture is known to achieve partial maturation of iPSC-CMs. However, little is known about the molecular signaling circuitries that govern functional changes, metabolic output, and cellular homeostasis during long-term culture of iPSC-CMs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify and characterize critical signaling events that control functional and metabolic transitions of cardiac cells during developmental progression, as recapitulated by long-term culture of iPSC-CMs. METHODS AND RESULTS We combined transcriptomic sequencing with pathway network mapping in iPSC-CMs that were cultured until a late time point, day 200, in comparison to a medium time point, day 90, and an early time point, day 30. Transcriptomic landscapes of long-term cultured iPSC-CMs allowed mapping of distinct metabolic stages during development of maturing iPSC-CMs. Temporally divergent control of mitochondrial metabolism was found to be regulated by cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A)- and proteasome-dependent signaling events. The PKA/proteasome-dependent signaling cascade was mediated downstream by Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90), which in turn modulated mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins and their metabolic output. During long-term culture, this circuitry was found to initiate upregulation of iPSC-CM metabolism, resulting in increased cell contractility that reached a maximum at the day 200 time point. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a PKA/proteasome- and Hsp90-dependent signaling pathway that regulates mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins and determines cardiomyocyte energy production and functional output. These findings provide deeper insight into signaling circuitries governing metabolic homeostasis in iPSC-CMs during developmental progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Ebert
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Heart Center, University of Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Andorf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Heart Center, University of Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shrivatsan Sampathkumar
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Heart Center, University of Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Haodong Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Yingxin Li
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Priyanka Garg
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Karl Toischer
- Heart Center, University of Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Heart Center, University of Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Haileselassie B, Mukherjee R, Joshi AU, Napier BA, Massis LM, Ostberg NP, Queliconi BB, Monack D, Bernstein D, Mochly-Rosen D. Drp1/Fis1 interaction mediates mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:160-169. [PMID: 30981733 PMCID: PMC6948926 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key contributor to septic cardiomyopathy. Although recent literature implicates dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) and its mitochondrial adaptor fission 1 (Fis1) in the development of pathologic fission and mitochondrial failure in neurodegenerative disease, little is known about the role of Drp1/Fis1 interaction in the context of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Our study tests the hypothesis that Drp1/Fis1 interaction is a major driver of sepsis-mediated pathologic fission, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart. METHODS H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress, cellular respiration, and mitochondrial morphology. Balb/c mice were treated with LPS, cardiac function was measured by echocardiogaphy, and mitochondrial morphology determined by electron microscopy (EM). Drp1/Fis1 interaction was inhibited by P110 to determine whether limiting mitochondrial fission can reduce LPS-induced oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction. RESULTS LPS-treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes demonstrated a decrease in mitochondrial respiration followed by an increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress and a reduction in membrane potential. Inhibition of Drp1/Fis1 interaction with P110 attenuated LPS-mediated cellular oxidative stress and preserved membrane potential. In vivo, cardiac dysfunction in LPS-treated mice was associated with increased mitochondrial fragmentation. Treatment with P110 reduced cardiac mitochondrial fragmentation, prevented decline in cardiac function, and reduced mortality. CONCLUSIONS Sepsis decreases cardiac mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential while increasing oxidative stress and inducing pathologic fission. Treatment with P110 was protective in both in vitro and in vivo models of septic cardiomyopathy, suggesting a key role of Drp1/Fis1 interaction, and a potential target to reduce its morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bereketeab Haileselassie
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Riddhita Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amit U Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brooke A Napier
- Department of Microbiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liliana M Massis
- Department of Microbiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicolai Patrick Ostberg
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bruno B Queliconi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Denise Monack
- Department of Microbiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Joshi AU, Saw NL, Vogel H, Cunnigham AD, Shamloo M, Mochly-Rosen D. Inhibition of Drp1/Fis1 interaction slows progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708166. [PMID: 29335339 PMCID: PMC5840540 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioenergetic failure and oxidative stress are common pathological hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but whether these could be targeted effectively for novel therapeutic intervention needs to be determined. One of the reported contributors to ALS pathology is mitochondrial dysfunction associated with excessive mitochondrial fission and fragmentation, which is predominantly mediated by Drp1 hyperactivation. Here, we determined whether inhibition of excessive fission by inhibiting Drp1/Fis1 interaction affects disease progression. We observed mitochondrial excessive fragmentation and dysfunction in several familial forms of ALS patient‐derived fibroblasts as well as in cultured motor neurons expressing SOD1 mutant. In both cell models, inhibition of Drp1/Fis1 interaction by a selective peptide inhibitor, P110, led to a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species levels, and to improvement in mitochondrial structure and functions. Sustained treatment of mice expressing G93A SOD1 mutation with P110, beginning at the onset of disease symptoms at day 90, produced an improvement in motor performance and survival, suggesting that Drp1 hyperactivation may be an attractive target in the treatment of ALS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit U Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nay L Saw
- Behavioral and Functional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna D Cunnigham
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Behavioral and Functional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ferreira JCB, Campos JC, Qvit N, Qi X, Bozi LHM, Bechara LRG, Lima VM, Queliconi BB, Disatnik MH, Dourado PMM, Kowaltowski AJ, Mochly-Rosen D. A selective inhibitor of mitofusin 1-βIIPKC association improves heart failure outcome in rats. Nat Commun 2019; 10:329. [PMID: 30659190 PMCID: PMC6338754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that beta II protein kinase C (βIIPKC) activity is elevated in failing hearts and contributes to this pathology. Here we report that βIIPKC accumulates on the mitochondrial outer membrane and phosphorylates mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) at serine 86. Mfn1 phosphorylation results in partial loss of its GTPase activity and in a buildup of fragmented and dysfunctional mitochondria in heart failure. βIIPKC siRNA or a βIIPKC inhibitor mitigates mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death. We confirm that Mfn1-βIIPKC interaction alone is critical in inhibiting mitochondrial function and cardiac myocyte viability using SAMβA, a rationally-designed peptide that selectively antagonizes Mfn1-βIIPKC association. SAMβA treatment protects cultured neonatal and adult cardiac myocytes, but not Mfn1 knockout cells, from stress-induced death. Importantly, SAMβA treatment re-establishes mitochondrial morphology and function and improves cardiac contractility in rats with heart failure, suggesting that SAMβA may be a potential treatment for patients with heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio C B Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA.
| | - Juliane C Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, OH, USA
| | - Luiz H M Bozi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Bechara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Lima
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Queliconi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Marie-Helene Disatnik
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA
| | - Paulo M M Dourado
- Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05403-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a non-cytochrome P450 mitochondrial aldehyde oxidizing enzyme. It is best known for its role in the metabolism of acetaldehyde, a common metabolite from alcohol drinking. More evidences have been accumulated in recent years to indicate a greater role of ALDH2 in the metabolism of other endogenous and exogenous aldehydes, especially lipid peroxidation-derived reactive aldehyde under oxidative stress. Many cardiovascular diseases are associated with oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction. Considering that an estimated 560 million East Asians carry a common ALDH2 deficient variant which causes the well-known alcohol flushing syndrome due to acetaldehyde accumulation, the importance of understanding the role of ALDH2 in these diseases should be highlighted. There are several unfavorable cardiovascular conditions that are associated with ALDH2 deficiency. This chapter reviews the function of ALDH2 in various pathological conditions of the heart in relation to aldehyde toxicity. It also highlights the importance and clinical implications of interaction between ALDH2 deficiency and alcohol drinking on cardiovascular disease among the East Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Joshi AU, Ebert AE, Haileselassie B, Mochly-Rosen D. Drp1/Fis1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation leads to lysosomal dysfunction in cardiac models of Huntington's disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 127:125-133. [PMID: 30550751 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, best known for its clinical triad of progressive motor impairment, cognitive deficits and psychiatric disturbances, is caused by CAG-repeat expansion in exon 1 of Huntingtin (HTT). However, in addition to the neurological disease, mutant HTT (mHTT), which is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, impairs other organ systems. Not surprisingly, cardiovascular dysautonomia as well as the deterioration of circadian rhythms are among the earliest detectable pathophysiological changes in individuals with HD. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain and skeletal muscle in HD has been well documented, as the disease progresses. However, not much is known about mitochondrial abnormalities in the heart. In this study, we describe a role for Drp1/Fis1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and dysfunction, associated with lysosomal dysfunction in H9C2 expressing long polyglutamine repeat (Q73) and in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes transfected with Q77. Expression of long polyglutamine repeat led to reduced ATP production and mitochondrial fragmentation. We observed an increased accumulation of damaged mitochondria in the lysosome that was coupled with lysosomal dysfunction. Importantly, reducing Drp1/Fis1-mediated mitochondrial damage significantly improved mitochondrial function and cell survival. Finally, reducing Fis1-mediated Drp1 recruitment to the mitochondria, using the selective inhibitor of this interaction, P110, improved mitochondrial structure in the cardiac tissue of R6/2 mice. We suggest that drugs focusing on the central nervous system will not address mitochondrial function across all organs, and therefore will not be a sufficient strategy to treat or slow down HD disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A U Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - A E Ebert
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Gottingen University Medical Center, Gottingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Gottingen, Germany
| | - B Haileselassie
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - D Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|