Autoreactive CD8+ T cell clones producing immune suppressive lymphokines IL-10 and interferon-gamma

Highly purified CD8+ T cells were stimulated repeatedly by syngeneic irradiated spleen cells. From separate cloning experiments, we succeeded in isolating two CD8+ clones, 4B4 and D2, which proliferated in response to autologous antigen-presenting cells (APC) completely in the absence of fetal calf serum. A T cell proliferation assay, using congenic strain of mice, indicates that both autoreactive clones were restricted to self-Db molecules. Our study is the first report of establishing murine autoreactive CD8+ clones restricted to self MHC class I molecules. To assess the immune suppressive activity of each autoreactive clone, we measured the production of IL-10 and interferon-gamma, which have specific immune suppressive activity toward type 1 helper T cell (Th1) proliferation and IgE synthesis, respectively. In response to autologous APC, both D2 and 4B4 produced considerable amounts of interferon-gamma and a low but significant level of IL-10. Each supernatant of D2 and 4B4 significantly suppressed IgE synthesis. These results strongly suggest the existence of CD8+ autoreactive T cells with immune suppressive activity.

Anti-IL-10 antibody enhances the proliferation of CD8+ T cell clones: autoregulatory role of murine IL-10 in CD8+ T cells

All CD8+ T cell clones used in this study secreted IL-10, and their proliferation was inhibited by exogenous IL-10. This study addresses the question of whether IL-10 produced by responding T cell clones would inhibit proliferation of the secreting T cells themselves. Anti-IL-10 antibodies enhanced the proliferative response of the CD8+ T cell clones, the enhancing effect appearing in the late period of proliferation. However, the proliferation of both CD4+ Th1 and Th2 clones was not affected by anti-IL-10 throughout the culture. In addition to that of the cloned T cells, the proliferative response of a primary culture of CD8+ T cells was enhanced by the anti-IL-10 antibody. This is the first report on a lymphokine which has an autoregulatory role in inhibiting T cell proliferation.

Activation via TCR or IL-2 receptor of a CD8+ suppressor T cell clone: effect on IL-10 production and on proliferation of the suppressor T cell

In a previous study, we established CD8+ suppressor T cell (Ts) clone 13G2 which produced the suppressive lymphokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). In this study, we examined what physiological activator could induce both production of IL-10 from 13G2 and the proliferation of 13G2. Both the antigenic stimulation mimicked by the anti-CD3 antibody and the T cell growth factor interleukin-2 (IL-2) induced IL-10 production from the 13G2 clone equally well. 13G2 cells proliferated remarkably with IL-2 stimulation, while anti-CD3 only slightly induced proliferation of the clone. 13G2 cells also produced IL-10 in the presence of hydroxyurea which blocked transit of cells from G1 to S phase. However, cycloheximide blocked the production of IL-10 from the Ts clone. The study demonstrates that both the anti-CD3 antibody and IL-2 induced IL-10 synthesis of the Ts clone equally well, and the proliferative response of Ts cells was induced more by IL-2 than by anti-CD3. IL-2 proved to be a good stimulator for Ts cells to produce suppressive lymphokine and to multiply their population.

Recommendation for an exercise prescription to prevent coronary heart disease

Healthy male and female adults who visited the Japanese Red Cross Health Care Center were undertaken to the study of hematological examination, blood chemistry, electrocardiography and exercise loading test by bicycle ergometer. We attempted to evaluate the medical check up system for decision making of exercise prescription and useful exercise test to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD).

Loop and distal actions of a novel diuretic, M17055

We investigated the mechanism of action of a novel 'high ceiling' diuretic, M17055, in in vivo clearance studies with anesthetized dogs during water diuresis and in vitro microperfusion studies of isolated rabbit renal tubules. In the clearance study, intravenous infusion of M17055 (1 mg/kg per h) decreased free water clearance and increased urinary excretion of Na+ and Cl- to a greater extent than did a maximum dose of furosemide (30 mg/kg per h). With the maximum dose of furosemide, an additional dose of M17055 or hydrochlorothiazide resulted in additional suppression of free water clearance. These results indicate that M17055 has some additional mechanisms of action in the distal nephron. In isolated rabbit cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, M17055 applied to the lumen decreased the lumen positive transepithelial voltage at concentrations over 10(-6) M and suppressed the lumen-to-bath 36Cl- flux at 10(-5) M. In the connecting tubule, M17055 added to the lumen suppressed lumen negative transepithelial voltage in a concentration-dependent manner in a range from 10(-4) to 10(-3) M. The effect of M17055 on transepithelial voltage was also observed in the distal convoluted tubule and cortical collecting duct. Moreover, 10(-3) M of M17055 in the lumen significantly decreased the lumen-to-bath 22Na+ flux in the cortical collecting duct. From these observations, it appears that M17055 acts not only on the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop but also on the distal segments via inhibition of electrogenic Na+ transport.

Cooperative activation of Chox-4 homeobox genes by factors from the polarizing region and the apical ridge in chick limb morphogenesis

When a mouse zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) at the posterior margin of the limb bud was grafted at the anterior margin of the chick limb bud, we found that expression of the chick homeobox genes, Chox-4.7 and -4.8, was induced prior to the formation of chick extra digits. The induction was observed in the restricted domain close to both grafted mouse ZPA and the chick apical ectodermal ridge (AER). When the posterior half of the AER was removed, the normal expression was diminished in the posterodistal region. Thus, it is likely that at least two distinct factors, one from the ZPA and the other from the AER, provide positional information to induce cooperatively the sequential expression of the Chox-4 genes.

Pharmacological properties of the novel highly potent diuretic 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-(2-methylbenzoyl)-4(1H)-quinolinone 4-oxime-O-sulfonic acid potassium salt

7-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-(2-methylbenzoyl)-4(1H)-quinolinone 4-oxime-O-sulfonic acid potassium salt (M17055, CAS 114417-20-8) showed potent diuretic and saluretic effects dose-dependently, in rats (p.o.), mice (p.o.) and dogs (i.v.), at doses of 0.1-100 mg/kg, 0.3-100 mg/kg and 0.01-30 mg/kg, respectively. The efficacy of M17055 for diuresis, natriuresis and chloruresis was much higher than that of hydrochlorothiazide and almost the same as that of furosemide. These results indicate that this compound may be classified as a "high ceiling diuretic". The potencies of M17055 for natriuresis in rats (p.o.), mice (p.o.) and dogs (i.v.) calculated with ED50 values were 38, 34 and 24 times, respectively, more potent than those of furosemide. Urinary excretions of sodium, chloride and potassium increased in parallel with urinary volume with the administration of M17055 or furosemide, whereas an apparent dissociation with urinary calcium and sodium excretion was observed with M17055 alone. In rats, the increase of urinary calcium excretion with M17055 was significantly lower than that with furosemide under comparable conditions of natriuresis. Moreover, in mice, M17055 decreased urinary calcium excretion at doses with low effectiveness. In clearance studies using anesthetized dogs, M17055 suppressed negative free water clearance (CH2O) under saline loaded conditions, and it decreased positive CH2O under water diuretic conditions. These changes in the effects on CH2O induced by M17055 resemble those of loop diuretics. However, M17055 could not shift negative CH2O to positive, while furosemide was able to do so. Moreover, positive CH2O decreased to nearly zero with M17055, while urine remained dilute with furosemide even at 30 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Strong influence of the processing of the antigen on negative effects on T cell activation by regions outside the determinant area of bovine alpha s1-casein

alpha s1-Casein can elicit a proliferative response in responding T cell clone 3D20 cells (specific for I-Ab plus fragment 136-151), even when using fixed splenic antigen-presenting cells (APC) not carrying antigen processing ability. The order of potency of each tested antigen for fixed APC was the determinant peptide (136-151) > the long peptide (136-195) > the intact protein (199 residues), indicating that regions outside the determinant area negatively affected the stimulatory potency of the antigens. On the other hand, the order for normal splenic APC was the short peptide > the intact protein > the long peptide. This shows that negative effects by regions outside the determinant area were strongly influenced by the antigen processing.

A novel quinolinone diuretic, M12285, and its activation mechanism through sulfate conjugation

The diuretic activity of a quinolinone oxime diuretic, M12285, was examined after renal arterial, i.v. and portal injection in rats. M12285 injected into the renal artery at a dose of 1 mg/kg caused no diuretic effect, whereas i.v. and portal injections induced marked diuresis dose dependently. The minimum effective dose with portal injection was lower (1 mg/kg) than that with i.v. injection (3 mg/kg) and the start of the effect was faster with portal injection. These results indicated that some metabolic modification in the liver is necessary for the diuretic activity to appear. Accordingly, we performed in situ rat liver perfusion with M12285 and obtained several metabolites. Renal arterial injection of each fractionated metabolite of M12285 revealed that all the diuretic activity derived from one of these metabolites. From IR and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) measurements, the chemical structure of this active metabolite was assumed to be a sulfate-conjugated form of M12285 at the oxime moiety. Based on this tentative chemical structure, we synthesized the oxime sulfate of M12285 (potassium salt, M17000) and confirmed the identity of IR and 1HNMR spectra. Administration of M17000 into the renal artery induced apparent diuresis in a dose-dependent manner in both rats and dogs. These results indicate that the oxime sulfate of M12285 is responsible for the diuretic activity of M12285. Therefore, we synthesized several derivatives of M17000 and confirmed their possible therapeutic value as a novel family of diuretics, namely quinolinone oxime sulfonic acids.

[A case of pulmonary fibrosis in which inhibition of pulmonary vasoconstriction was detected using DSA pulmonary wedge angiography]

A 65-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of productive cough and dyspnea on exertion. X-ray films and CT scan of the chest disclosed diffuse reticular shadows, especially in the bilateral lower lung fields. Blood gas analysis showed severe hypoxemia. Pulmonary function test disclosed severe restrictive pattern. From these findings, the patient was thought to have pulmonary fibrosis. Right heart catheterization showed pulmonary hypertension. To evaluate the pulmonary vascular bed, we performed DSA pulmonary wedge angiography. The pulmonary capillary phase stained homogeneously in normal subjects. However, in the present case, filling of the right pulmonary A9 was incomplete and capillary bed staining was decreased under room air condition. After breathing 5 L/min oxygen for 20 min., the A9 was filled well and capillary bed staining was increased. We consider that this change was induced by inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) by oxygen. DSA pulmonary wedge angiography was useful for visual evaluation of HPV.

Responsiveness of bone marrow erythroid progenitors (CFU-E and BFU-E) to recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-Ep) in vitro in multiple myeloma

The responsiveness of bone marrow erythroid progenitors (CFU-E and BFU-E) to recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-Ep) was investigated in vitro in 21 patients with multiple myeloma to assess the clinical usefulness of rh-Ep in this disease. CFU-E and BFU-E assays were performed by methylcellulose culture methods. The myeloma patients were divided into two groups according to the percentage of plasma cells in the bone marrow (over 50% and under 50%). Among the patients with few plasma cells, some revealed normal CFU-E and BFU-E growth at 2 units of rh-Ep, and no further increase was observed even with an increasing dose of rh-Ep. Among the other patients, more than half demonstrated a good response to rh-Ep. Among the patients with a high percentage of plasma cells, some revealed no response to rh-Ep, but there were patients with a high percentage of plasma cells in the bone marrow who had a good response to rh-Ep. High doses of rh-Ep may be clinically effective in some patients with multiple myeloma independently of the level of plasma cells in the bone marrow.

An experimental study of the osteogenicity of free periosteal allografts with cyclosporine A administration

Free tibial periosteum was grafted onto the dorsum (m. cutaneous trunci) of Sprague-Dawley rats to examine its osteogenic potential. The animals were divided into 3 groups based on type of: A. autogenous periosteum, B. allogeneic periosteum and C. allogeneic periosteum, and treated with cyclosporine A immunosuppression. The osteogenic response was evaluated radiologically and histologically. This study indicates that in this model periosteal allografts with immunosuppression of the recipient result in osteogenesis. Clinical application of the technique will only be possible if immunosuppressive methods with minimal morbidity are developed so that they can be used for prolonged periods.

Ameloblastic carcinoma: case report and review

The histologic classification for odontogenic carcinomas is still under revision; thus, the differentiation between the terms "malignant ameloblastoma" and "ameloblastic carcinoma" has not been definitely stated. Nevertheless, it is recommended to reserve the former for those lesions that, in spite of an apparently innocuous histology, have given origin to metastatic growths, and to apply the latter for those ameloblastomas in which there is histologic evidence of malignancy in the primary, recurrent or metastatic lesions. A case of an ameloblastic carcinoma in the mandible is presented. Histologically, it was characterized by areas with features of a typical ameloblastoma and areas with anaplastic appearances.

Effects of ubenimex on erythroid progenitors (CFU-E and BFU-E) in human bone marrow

Ubenimex (UBX, bestatin) is known to be an immunomodulator and host-mediated antineoplastic agent. Effects of UBX on human bone marrow erythroid progenitors (erythroid colony-forming units, CFU-E; and erythroid burst-forming units, BFU-E) were investigated in vitro. UBX enhanced CFU-E and BFU-E growth in the nonseparated bone marrow mononuclear cell fraction at concentrations from 0.005 to 5 micrograms/ml. The enhancements of CFU-E and BFU-E were independent of the concentration of erythropoietin added to culture system. In the T-cell-depleted bone marrow fraction, UBX also increased CFU-E and BFU-E growth, but it failed to stimulate these cells in the nonphagocytic and nonadherent bone marrow fraction. These findings indicate that UBX may stimulate erythroid progenitors mediated through monocytes and macrophages.

Involvement of retinoic acid and its receptor beta in differentiation of motoneurons in chick spinal cord

Retinoic acid is known to play an important role during development of central nervous system. In order to clarify function of retinoic acid during the development, we investigated expression pattern of the chick retinoic acid receptor subtype beta gene by an in situ hybridization method. We found that expression of the beta gene is localized in neural tube at stages 16-20, then is turned to be restricted to developing motoneurons at stages 23-29. These results suggested that retinoic acid and its receptor beta are involved in differentiation of the motoneurons in spinal cord.

CD8+ suppressor T cell clone capable of inhibiting the antigen- and anti-T cell receptor-induced proliferation of Th clones without cytolytic activity

A CD8+ Ts clone 13G2 was established from lymph node cells of bovine alpha s1-casein-primed C57BL/6 mice by in vitro antigenic stimulation followed by maintenance with IL-2-containing medium. The clone suppressed the Ag-induced proliferative responses of CD4+ Th cell clones without detectable cytotoxicity for both APC and responding T cells. The clone was able to suppress the in vitro proliferative response and antibody formation of Ag-primed lymph node cells. The suppression was Ag-nonspecific and not restricted to the MHC. The clone was able to suppress the proliferation of Th clones induced by an immobilized anti-TCR antibody in which APC was absent. The clone was, however, unable to suppress the proliferation of Th clones induced by anti-CD3 or IL-2. Thus, the mechanism of suppression by 13G2 was found to be due to a direct action on Th by inhibiting a consequence of signal transduction initiated through the TCR.

CD8+ suppressor T cell clone capable of inhibiting the antigen- and anti-T cell receptor-induced proliferation of Th clones without cytolytic activity

A CD8+ Ts clone 13G2 was established from lymph node cells of bovine alpha s1-casein-primed C57BL/6 mice by in vitro antigenic stimulation followed by maintenance with IL-2-containing medium. The clone suppressed the Ag-induced proliferative responses of CD4+ Th cell clones without detectable cytotoxicity for both APC and responding T cells. The clone was able to suppress the in vitro proliferative response and antibody formation of Ag-primed lymph node cells. The suppression was Ag-nonspecific and not restricted to the MHC. The clone was able to suppress the proliferation of Th clones induced by an immobilized anti-TCR antibody in which APC was absent. The clone was, however, unable to suppress the proliferation of Th clones induced by anti-CD3 or IL-2. Thus, the mechanism of suppression by 13G2 was found to be due to a direct action on Th by inhibiting a consequence of signal transduction initiated through the TCR.

[A case of right duplex kidney with double ureters and left dysplastic kidney with bifid ureter]

During dissecting practice for students, a case of anomalous urinary tracts was found in a 81 year-old Japanese female cadaver which had an extraordinarily large right kidney with double ureters and a dwarf left kidney with a bifid ureter. The histological investigation on the left kidney revealed the renal dysplasia including thyroid gland-like widening of urinary tubules and the hyperplasia of interstitium. No renal corpuscles were observed besides very few primitive ones. Two ureters originating from the left kidney united each other in the proximal portions and the united ureter ran down the normal pathway to the urinary bladder. The left ureter was thin and underdeveloped but the circular and the oblique musculature were distinguished in the distal three quarters of the ureter. The right large kidney was shown to be a duplex kidney. Both the upper and the lower poles were well-developed and histologically normal except the compensatory hypertrophy of the cortex obviously resulting from the dysplasia of the left kidney. The upper and the lower pole ureters draining the duplex kidney never crossed each other and entered the bladder through adjoining two ureterovesical junctions at the normal position. The possible embryological basis for these anomalies was discussed.

[Application of a new compact and cell dense continuous culture system for LAK cells generated from cryo-preserved lymphocytes]

Recently, the adoptive immunotherapy using lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells has been applied for various cancer patients. It is quite useful to generate LAK cells from cryo-preserved lymphocytes in order to make a rational treatment schedule. We made basic studies on the induction of LAK cells from frozen lymphocytes using our high yield continuous cell culture system. It was demonstrated that our culture bag can be used to proliferate frozen lymphocytes cultured in interleukin-2 (IL-2) to thirty four-fold the initial cell number in 14 days with comparable cytotoxicity to that of fresh lymphocytes cultured in the same system.

Functional modes of retinoic acid in mouse osteoblastic clone MC3T3-E1, proved as a target cell for retinoic acid

Mouse osteoblastic clone MC3T3-E1 was proved as a target cell for retinoic acid (RA) in bone tissues through the demonstration of RA-receptor gene expression by the northern blot analysis. The effect of RA on the cell growth of MC3T3-E1 was repressive for both subconfluent and confluent growth, whereas RA enhancement of alkaline phosphatase expression was observed at the confluent stage. This implies that RA is a regulatory factor leading osteogenesis of the cells after the confluent stage. RA exhibited simultaneously the stage-dependent effects on EGF-dependent mitogenesis: promotive at the subconfluent, but repressive at the confluent stage.

Innervation of the arteriovenous anastomoses in the dog tongue

Profiles of nerve plexuses in the arteriovenous anastomoses of the dog tongue were investigated by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Three-dimensional morphology of the vascular nerves was examined after removal of the connective tissue components by the HCl-hydrolysis method. Tight bending and a rich nerve supply were the most characteristic features of the anastomosing channels. The tunica media consisted of an outer circular layer of typical smooth-muscle cells and an inner region containing longitudinal plicae of ramified smooth-muscle cells. The tunica adventitia was exclusively occupied by nerve bundles; fibroblasts were poorly developed. Numerous nerve bundles of variable size were coiled around the anastomosing channels, and occasional bundles ran crosswise over the U-shaped bent vessels.

Application of a local drug delivery system to periodontal therapy: I. Development of collagen preparations with immobilized tetracycline

For the purpose of applying a local drug delivery system to periodontal therapy, atelocollagen preparations with immobilized tetracycline (TC) were prepared by modifying the form of the collagen, the concentration of the immobilized TC, and the time of the cross-link process with glutaraldehyde. The course of the TC release from the collagen preparations into an aqueous solution was determined in relation to time. The preparations were also inserted into periodontal pockets, and the amount of TC remaining in the pocket was determined daily. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The degree of drug release could be controlled to some extent by adjusting the TC concentration and the time of the cross-link process; and 2) an amount of TC exceeding the effective dose in the gingival crevicular fluid was present in the periodontal pocket even 10 days after the insertion of TC fixed in the cross-linked processed collagen film in the periodontal pockets.

A new high-yield continuous cell-culture system for lymphokine-activated killer cells

We performed basic studies on a new high-yield culture system (concentrate rotary tissue-culture system) for application to adoptive immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Using this system, we demonstrated that up to 2 x 10(7) peripheral blood mononuclear cells/ml could be cultured in interleukin-2 with a sufficient recovery rate and cytotoxicity in short-term cultures (6 days). This system can also be used to proliferate LAK cells to four times the initial cell number with sufficient cytotoxicity for 14 days of culture. Thus, this system allows activation of sufficient numbers of cells to conduct clinical trials on humans.

Comparison of properties between human recombinant and placental copper-zinc SOD

The physicochemical properties of purified recombinant human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (r-hSOD) were compared with those of human placental copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (h-SOD). No differences were found in specific activity, metal contents, amino acid composition, and tryptic peptide map. The spectrophotometric properties including UV, ESR, and CD spectra were also similar. The result of isoelectric gel electrophoresis showed that the difference in isoelectric point (pI) was derived from acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid (alanine) in h-SOD. In SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, both SODs showed the same behavior and enzymic activity was retained only under non-reducing conditions. ESR analysis of the denatured enzyme suggested that the high stability was derived from the structure of the active site around copper. Experiments using other metal-substituted SODs (Cu, Co in place of zinc) suggested that zinc contributed to the stability and the unique electrophoretic behavior of the enzyme.

Hemangioma of the buccal pad with phlebolithiasis: report of a case

We report a case of a right buccal cavernous hemangioma with two phleboliths in a 23-year-old man. Consideration of the literature on the cases of hemangioma with phlebolithiasis in the maxillofacial and oral regions in Japan is given in this report.

Central fibroma of the jaw bone: a case report

Central fibromas developing from within the jaw bone are comparatively rare in contrast to fibromatoid lesions in other parts of the oral region. We report a 13-year-old girl with a central fibroma which developed in the jaw bone.

Neurofibroma of the tongue: a case report

A tumor of nerve origin is relatively rare in the oral region. We report a neurofibroma of the tongue observed in a 34-year-old woman.

Phase I study of ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin. Single-dose study

A phase I study of ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin, was performed in 29 subjects. No abnormalities were observed in subjective symptoms, laboratory test results, or physical test results at estimated therapeutic doses of 500 mg intramuscularly, 500 and 1000 mg intravenously, and 2000 mg drip infusion. It is concluded, therefore, that the drug is safe for clinical use. The mean peak serum concentration was dose dependent. The mean serum concentrations of ceftizoxime in man at 5 minutes after 500 and 1000 mg by intravenous bolus were 58.4 and 112.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, which exceed the MIC80 against most pathogens tested. Thus, 500 or 1000 mg was estimated to be the therapeutic dose. The distribution volume of ceftizoxime was 16.0 to 18.6 liters, the total clearance was 135.6 to 154.9 ml/min, and the half-life in the beta-phase was 1.36 to 1.39 hours. Ceftizoxime is mainly excreted in the urine as unchanged drug, at an excretion rate in the 24-hour urine of approximately 80 per cent.

Chromosome 14q+ in a Japanese patient with Burkitt's lymphoma

Cytogenetic studies were performed on a biopsy specimen of a jaw tumor and on a bone marrow aspirate from a Japanese patient with Epstein-Barr virus-negative Burkitt's lymphoma. A 14q + chromosome was found in cells from either source, although each contained a different clone. Other karyotypic abnormalities present in common included 2dir dup (1q) (q21 leads to q32), 3q+, 6p--, +12, +mar.

Three cases of myxofibroma

Myxofibroma is a rare tumor. Three cases of myxofibroma, each of which developed at the right mandibular ramus, mandibular anterior tooth region, are presented. Myxofibroma developing in the mandibular ramus region is rare, and there has been only one case reported so far in Japan.