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Valentí M, Benabarre A, Bernardo M, García-Amador M, Amann B, Vieta E. [Electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of bipolar depression]. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2007; 35:199-207. [PMID: 17508297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Since its introduction, electroconvulsive therapy is a treatment used in mood disorders, especially in the depressive phases of bipolar disorder. The advance of this technique has made it a useful and current option both in the treatment of acute phases as in the prevention of recurrences. The objective of this revision is to collect available data about the use of electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar depression. Its indications, effectiveness, prediction and patterns of response are included in this work, together with its complications, adverse events and drug interactions. Differences in response between bipolar and unipolar depression are also discussed.
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Salgado-Pineda P, Caclin A, Baeza I, Junqué C, Bernardo M, Blin O, Fonlupt P. Schizophrenia and frontal cortex: where does it fail? Schizophr Res 2007; 91:73-81. [PMID: 17303390 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive, social, and emotional impairments and by psychotic symptoms. Neuroimaging studies have reported abnormalities within the prefrontal cortex and it has been hypothesized that schizophrenia results from poor or miswired anatomical/functional connections. We have compared the functional connectivity within the frontal cortex in control and schizophrenic subjects during the realization of a Continuous Performance Task. The connectivity pattern within the frontal cortex was uncovered by the analysis of the correlation matrix computed from the fMRI time series in frontal areas for 14 schizophrenic patients and 14 control subjects. In control subjects, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFCr) activity correlated i) positively with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the posterior part of the supplementary motor area, ii) negatively with the medial and anterior/inferior part of the frontal cortex. In the schizophrenic group, these relations were abolished or strongly lowered. The negative relation between the DLFCr and the medial frontal cortex has been proposed to play a key role in setting a harmonious balance between the direction of attention to the external world and the expression of the individual believes and self-referential activities, and therefore, the impaired relation of right DLFCr with other frontal areas could explain a distorted perception of external world in relation with internal motivations.
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Tenze G, Bernardo M, Gramaticopolo S, Antonopoulou E, Lazzari M, Serra L, Sabato A, Gatti A. 701 LOW DOSAGE TRANSDERMAL BUPRENORPHINE IN THE TREATMENT OF THE NON RESPONSIVE MUSCOLOSKELETAL NON MALIGNANT SEVERE PAIN: A MULTICENTRIC STUDY. Eur J Pain 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(06)60704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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79
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Alvarez E, Bernardo M, Roca M. [CATIE: welcome to the real world]. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2006; 34:213-5. [PMID: 16823680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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80
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Mateos JJ, Lomeña F, Parellada E, Font M, Fernández E, Pavia J, Prats A, Bernardo M. Disminución del transportador de dopamina estriatal en primeros episodios psicóticos de pacientes esquizofrénicos tratados con risperidona. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 25:159-65. [PMID: 16762269 DOI: 10.1157/13088411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Extrapyramidal symptoms and Parkinsonism (PS) are side effects commonly observed with antipsychotic treatment. However, about 24% of never-treated schizophrenic patients may suffer from PS, which contrast with that 1% observed from the general population. 123I-FP-CIT SPECT has probe useful to differentiate degenerative from non-degenerative PS, so it could be interesting using it for establishing the functional state of presynaptic dopamine neurons of these patients. AIM To determine the dopamine transporter binding (DAT) in a homogeneous group of first-episode schizophrenic patients. METHODS An open, transversal study. Thirty schizophrenic in-patients and 15 healthy subjects were recruited. Patients were treated with similar doses of risperidone and all subjects were scanned with 123I-FP-CIT. Extrapyramidal symptoms and psychopathological status was assessed by Simpson-Angus, CGI and PANSS. Semi-quantitative analyses of SPECT images were performed using ROIs placed in caudate nucleus, anterior, medium and posterior putamen and occipital cortex. RESULTS Whole striatum 123I-FP-CIT binding ratio was significantly lower in patients than healthy subjects (t = 2.56, p < 0.014). This was observed in whole putamen (t = 2.66, p < 0.011), anterior (t = 2.35, p < 0.023), medium (t = 2.38, p < 0.022) and posterior putamen (t = 2.09, p < 0.042). No differences were observed in caudate nucleus (t = 1.81, p = 0.076). Females obtained higher binding ratios than males (t = -3.13, p < 0.003). No correlation was observed between 123I-FP-CIT binding ratios and clinical scales. CONCLUSION In our series, first episode schizophrenic patients treated with risperidone have a decrease striatal DAT binding assessed with 123I-FP-CIT SPECT. This alteration could be related to their own schizophrenia disease or be secondary to the antipsychotic treatment.
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Kobayashi H, Talanov V, Bernardo M, Brechbiel M, Choyke P. CMR 2005: 3.04: Sentinel node imaging of breast cancer in mice using a dual-labeled nano-sized MRI–near-infrared optical hybrid contrast agent. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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van Os J, Burns T, Cavallaro R, Leucht S, Peuskens J, Helldin L, Bernardo M, Arango C, Fleischhacker W, Lachaux B, Kane JM. Standardized remission criteria in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 113:91-5. [PMID: 16423159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent work has focussed on schizophrenia as a 'deficit' state but little attention has been paid to defining illness plasticity in terms of symptomatic remission. METHOD A qualitative review of a recently proposed concept of remission [N.C. Andreasen, W.T. Carpenter Jr, J.M. Kane, R.A. Lasser, S.R. Marder, D.R. Weinberger (2005) Am J Psychiatry 162: 441] is presented. RESULTS The proposed definition of remission is conceptually viable, and can be easily implemented in clinical trials and clinical practice. Its increasing acceptance may reset expectations of treatment to a higher level, improve documentation of clinical status and facilitate dialogue on treatment expectations. The availability of validated outcome measures based on remission will enhance the conduct and reporting of clinical investigations, and could facilitate the design and interpretation of new studies on cognition and functional outcomes. While useful as a concept, it is important to consider that remission is distinct from recovery. CONCLUSION The introduction of standardized remission criteria may offer significant opportunities for clinical practice, health services research and clinical trials.
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Mané A, Baeza I, Morer A, Lázaro ML, Bernardo M. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with risperidone in a male with early-onset schizophrenia. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2005; 15:844-5. [PMID: 16379503 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2005.15.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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84
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Prieto T, Benabarre A, Bernardo M. The highest intentional ziprasidone overdose was not fatal. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005; 112:79-80; author reply 80. [PMID: 15952953 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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85
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Araujo A, Teixeira M, Figueiredo A, Correia J, Melo M, Parente B, Bernardo M, Queiroga H, Barata F. P-447 Treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer with gefitinib (IRESSA)in a compassionate-use program: The Portuguese experience. Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)80940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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86
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Dong Z, Bonfil RD, Chinni S, Deng X, Trindade Filho JC, Bernardo M, Vaishampayan U, Che M, Sloane BF, Sheng S, Fridman R, Cher ML. Matrix metalloproteinase activity and osteoclasts in experimental prostate cancer bone metastasis tissue. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 166:1173-86. [PMID: 15793297 PMCID: PMC1602391 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we and others showed that broad spectrum pharmaceutical inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity reduces intraosseous tumor burden and bone degradation in animal models of bone metastasis. Herein, we used specific assays to measure net enzymatic activities of individual MMPs during colonization of bone by prostate cancer cells. PC3 cells were injected into the marrow of human fetal femurs previously implanted in SCID mice. Net MMP-9 activity in bone tissues peaked 2 weeks after injection, coinciding with a wave of osteoclast recruitment. In contrast, MMP-2 and MT1-MMP activity did not change. In vitro, co-culture of PC3 cells with bone tissue led to activation of pro-MMP-9 and increases in secreted net MMP-9 activity. Activation of pro-MMP-9 was prevented by metalloprotease inhibitors but not by inhibitors of other classes of proteases. Ribozyme suppression of MMP-9 expression in PC3 cells did not affect pro-MMP-9 activation or net MMP-9 activity and did not affect the phenotype of bone tumors. siRNA targeting of MMP-9 expression in preosteoclasts in vitro demonstrated that tumor-induced preosteoclast motility was dependent on MMP-9 expression. These data suggest that osteoclast-derived MMP-9 may represent a potential therapeutic target in bone metastasis and provide a rationale for the development of MMP-9-specific inhibitors.
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Ojo KK, Ulep C, Van Kirk N, Luis H, Bernardo M, Leitao J, Roberts MC. The mef(A) gene predominates among seven macrolide resistance genes identified in gram-negative strains representing 13 genera, isolated from healthy Portuguese children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:3451-6. [PMID: 15328110 PMCID: PMC514787 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.9.3451-3456.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the 176 randomly selected, commensal, gram-negative bacteria isolated from healthy children with low exposure to antibiotics, 138 (78%) carried one or more of the seven macrolide resistance genes tested in this study. These isolates included 79 (91%) isolates from the oral cavity and 59 (66%) isolates from urine samples. The mef(A) gene, coding for an efflux protein, was found in 73 isolates (41%) and was the most frequently carried gene. The mef(A) gene could be transferred from the donors into a gram-positive E. faecalis recipient and a gram-negative Escherichia coli recipient. The erm(B) gene transferred and was maintained in the E. coli transconjugants but was found in 0 to 100% of the E. faecalis transconjugants tested, while the other five genes could be transferred only into the E. coli recipient. The individual macrolide resistance genes were identified in 3 to 12 new genera. Eight (10%) of the oral isolates and 30 (34%) of the urine isolates for which the MICs were 2 to >500 microg of erythromycin per ml did not hybridize with any of the seven genes and may carry novel macrolide resistance genes.
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Navarro V, Gastó C, Lomeña F, Mateos JJ, Portella MJ, Masana G, Bernardo M, Marcos T. No brain perfusion impairment at long-term follow-up in elderly patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy for major depression. J ECT 2004; 20:89-93. [PMID: 15167424 DOI: 10.1097/00124509-200406000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
No functional neuroimaging study has previously assessed the long-term effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on brain perfusion. In this study, long-term follow-up brain perfusion in elderly patients treated with ECT for severe unipolar major depression was assessed. In 14 elderly major depressed patients who were ECT remitters, 22 elderly major depressed patients who were pharmacological treatment remitters and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, a medication-free brain 9mTc-HMPAO-SPECT was performed after a minimum period of 12 months of euthymia and, in the case of the ECT remitters, at least 12 months after the last ECT session. Brain perfusion ratios in major depressed patients administered ECT were similar to those in major depressed patients receiving pharmacological treatment and in control subjects. This result suggests that elderly patients given ECT for severe unipolar major depression do not suffer brain perfusion abnormalities at long-term follow-up. Our study adds new evidence in favor of the safety of the ECT, particularly in elderly subjects.
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89
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Winkler M, Zhou M, Bernardo M, Endeward B, Thomann H. Internal magnetic gradient fields in glass bead packs from numerical simulations and constant time diffusion spin echo measurements. Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 21:311-5. [PMID: 12850724 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(03)00160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Internal magnetic field gradients in water saturated glass bead packs were studied by numerical simulations and a constant time spin echo (CTSE) experiment. The CTSE is comprised of two spin echo refocusing periods where each of the two evolution periods, tau1 and tau2, is varied so that the total evolution, 2(tau1 + tau2), is held constant. The experiment is similar to that introduced by Norwood and Quilter and allows the effects of dephasing due to diffusion in a magnetic field gradient to be separated from other relaxation mechanisms. In our experiments, the magnetic susceptibility difference between the pore fluid and glass beads creates the internal field gradient. CTSE measurements were performed at 7 T (300 MHz 1H) for water saturated in 50 microm diameter glass bead pack. We find that the internal gradients in the center of the pore bodies, where free diffusion applies, is in the range of 10 to 100 G/cm. This fluid volume accounts for < or =10% of the total pore volume. From direct numerical simulations of the internal magnetic field based on a first principles calculation, we find that the major fraction, >90%, of the pore volume has internal gradients of order 500 to 5,000 G/cm. Signals from water in these large gradients is not observed in our CTSE measurements.
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Bendel P, Bernardo M, Dunsmuir JH, Thomann H. Observation of electro-osmotic flow echoes in porous media by nuclear magnetic resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 67:046307. [PMID: 12786487 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.046307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A method for assessing the time reversibility of molecular displacements in fluids is presented. The method utilizes pulsed field gradient NMR experiments, in which the flow driving force is inverted during the magnetization lifetime in each measurement cycle. The method is suitable for opaque three-dimensional systems and short displacements, and provides inherent separation between thermal diffusion and displacements driven by externally controlled forces. This approach was applied to study the time reversibility of an electric-field-driven flow of water in natural sand samples, over time scales of up to 0.4 s and displacement scales of the order of one particle diameter. It is demonstrated that the intensity loss of the NMR signal, caused by flow-induced phase dispersion, is fully refocused upon inversion of the polarity of the applied electric field, resulting in flow echoes.
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Rami-González L, Bernardo M, Portella MJ, Goti J, Gil-Verona JA, Salamero M. [Assessment of frontal functions in psychiatric patients during maintenance electroconvulsive therapy]. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2003; 31:69-72. [PMID: 12677470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies on adverse cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have not found any significant alteration of the frontal functions after an acute treatment course. This study aims to assess frontal executive functions in psychiatric patients during maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty two patients treated with M-ECT and 29 psychiatric patients never treated with ECT were evaluated with neuropsychological tests that assessed the following frontal functions: work memory, planning, cognitive flexibility, attention, visuomotor velocity, verbal abstract reasoning and phonetic verbal fluency. RESULTS Multivariate global analysis did not detect significant frontal function tests differences between both groups. The M-ECT group only scored significantly lower on the FAS test, a test that measures phonetic verbal fluency. A significant correlation between number of previous ECT sessions and performance in the FAS was found. CONCLUSIONS The M-ECT patient group presented a phonetic verbal fluency alteration that may also be associated to the previous number of ECT sessions. No significant differences in the other frontal functions were detected.
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Rami-González L, Salamero M, Boget T, Catalan R, Ferrer J, Bernardo M. Pattern of cognitive dysfunction in depressive patients during maintenance electroconvulsive therapy. Psychol Med 2003; 33:345-350. [PMID: 12622313 DOI: 10.1017/s003329170200702x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective data regarding adverse cognitive deficits associated with maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT) are lacking. This study examined the cognitive state of depressive patients during M-ECT. METHOD A cross-sectional study was carried out in 11 depressive patients in remission, all with a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder. The mean number of previous ECT sessions was 36.1, and the mean intersession interval was 52.7 days. A group of 11 patients who had not received ECT was selected for comparison and matched for diagnosis, sex, age and years of schooling. All subjects were assessed using a complete neuropsychological battery including memory, attention and frontal function tests. RESULTS Groups did not present differences in long delay verbal recall. Encoding of new information and results on the frontal function tests were significantly lower in the M-ECT patients. CONCLUSION Depressed patients preserve long-term memory, but suffer short-term memory impairment and frontal function alteration during M-ECT. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to determine the influence of M-ECT on non-memory functions and different memory subtypes.
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Font M, Parellada E, Fernández-Egea E, Bernardo M, Lomeña F. [Functional neuroimaging of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia]. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2003; 31:3-9. [PMID: 12590366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The neurobiological bases underlying the generation of auditory hallucinations, a distressing and paradigmatic symptom of schizophrenia, are still unknown in spite of in-depth phenomenological descriptions. This work aims to make a critical review of the latest published literature in recent years, focusing on functional neuroimaging studies (PET, SPECT, fMRI) of auditory hallucinations. Thus, the studies are classified according to whether they are sensory activation, trait and state. The two main hypotheses proposed to explain the phenomenon, external speech vs. subvocal or inner speech, are also explained. Finally, the latest unitary theory as well as the limitations the studies published are commented on. The need to continue investigating in this field, that is still underdeveloped, is posed in order to understand better the etiopathogenesis of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.
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Bernardo M, Sanjuán J, Leal C. [Redefining schizophrenia]. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2003; 31:1-2. [PMID: 12590365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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95
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Bernardo M, Buisán E, Durán A, Soler-Insa PA, Gascón J, Alberni J, Prieto R. [Venlafaxine titration dosage in depressive in-patients. A series of cases]. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2003; 31:31-4. [PMID: 12590370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
This series of patients was gathered to assess the use of last and slow titration dosage of venlafaxine in in-patients with major depression and to evaluate the action onset. An observational open study was performed in 3 centers in 18 in-patients. Nine patients were included in fast titration dosage group (FT) and 9 in slow titration dosage group (ST). As results, it was found that the FT group showed faster improvement than the ST group in HAM-D score. This improvement was sustained to the final visit, with a lower score in the FT group (6.75) than the ST group (10.67). MADRS scores up to the 15th visit were similar; however, the score was lower in the ST group on the 20th visit. Improvement was sustained to the final visit, the FT group score being lower (6.50) than the ST group score (14). CGI - i mprovement and CGI-seve rity scores we re similar to the above mentioned results. The most common events in both groups were considered mild. The data of these patients show faster response to antidepressant therapy with faster titration dosage, with maintenance of the molecule's tolerability profile.
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Rami-González L, Boget-Llucià T, Bernardo M, Marcos T, Cañizares-Alejos S, Penadés R, Portella MJ, Castelví M, Raspall T, Salamero M. [Selective alteration of the declarative memory systems in patients treated with a high number of electroconvulsive therapy sessions]. Rev Neurol 2002; 35:805-8. [PMID: 12436375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reversible electrochemical effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on specific areas of the brain enable the neuroanatomical bases of some cognitive functions to be studied. In research carried out on memory systems, a selective alteration of the declarative ones has been observed after treatment with ECT. Little work has been done to explore the differential alteration of the memory subsystems in patients with a high number of ECT sessions. AIM. To study the declarative and non declarative memory system in psychiatric patients submitted to maintenance ECT treatment, with a high number of previous ECT sessions. PATIENTS AND METHODS 20 patients submitted to treatment with ECT (10 diagnosed as having depression and 10 with schizophrenia) and 20 controls, who were paired by age, sex and psychopathological diagnosis. For the evaluation of the declarative memory system, the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) logical memory test was used. The Hanoi Tower procedural test was employed to evaluate the non declarative system. RESULTS Patients treated with ECT performed worse in the WMS logical memory test, but this was only significant in patients diagnosed as suffering from depression. No significant differences were observed in the Hanoi Tower test. CONCLUSIONS A selective alteration of the declarative systems was observed in patients who had been treated with a high number of ECT sessions, while the non declarative memory systems remain unaffected.
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Starr JR, White TC, Leroux BG, Luis HS, Bernardo M, Leitao J, Roberts MC. Persistence of oral Candida albicans carriage in healthy Portuguese schoolchildren followed for 3 years. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 17:304-10. [PMID: 12354212 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2002.170507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about carriage of Candida albicans, the predominant pathogenic yeast in oral infection, in children. We cultured buccal mucosal and gingival swabs from 150 Portuguese children to investigate the prevalence of C. albicans at baseline (before dental treatment), post-treatment, and 12, 24, and 36 months post-baseline. The children, aged 8 to 11 years at baseline, had no systemic disease or clinical symptoms of oral candidiasis. At each successive visit, respectively, 47, 32, 21, 27, and 28% of children were C. albicans positive, resulting in an almost 50% reduction in prevalence from baseline to post-treatment (P < 0.0005). Children who carried C. albicans at one visit had 3 to 20 times greater odds of carrying C. albicans at another visit. C. albicans was cultured from 12 children at all time-points and from 10 children at four time-points. Children with oral C. albicans frequently maintained carriage over time, even with regular dental care.
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Thomann H, Bernardo M, Goldfarb D, Kroneck PMH, Ullrich V. Evidence for Water Binding to the Fe Center in Cytochrome P450cam Obtained by 17O Electron Spin-Echo Envelope Modulation Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00136a023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thomann H, Bernardo M, McCormick JM, Pulver S, Andersson KK, Lipscomb JD, Solomon EI. Pulsed EPR studies of mixed valent [Fe(II)Fe(III)] forms of hemerythrin and methane monooxygenase: evidence for a hydroxide bridge. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00072a068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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100
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Goldfarb D, Bernardo M, Strohmaier KG, Vaughan DEW, Thomann H. Characterization of Iron in Zeolites by X-band and Q-Band ESR, Pulsed ESR, and UV-Visible Spectroscopies. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00093a039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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