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Gui C, Grimm J, Moore J, Kleinberg L, McNutt T, Shen C, Chen L, Bettegowda C, Lim M, Redmond K. Local Recurrence Patterns Following Postoperative Stereotactic Radiosurgery to Resected Brain Metastases: A Quantitative Analysis to Guide Target Delineation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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77
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Grimm J, Shen C, Redmond K, Sloan L, Hazell S, Chan L, Seo Y, Nikolaidis D, Moore J, Huang E, Quon H, Bettegowda C, Lim M, Kleinberg L. Low Risk of Symptomatic Radionecrosis Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Multiple Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bagheri A, Arandiyan H, Adnan NNM, Boyer C, Lim M. Controlled Direct Growth of Polymer Shell on Upconversion Nanoparticle Surface via Visible Light Regulated Polymerization. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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79
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Lim M, Omuro A, Vlahovic G, Reardon D, Sahebjam S, Cloughesy T, Baehring J, Butowski N, Potter V, Zwirtes R, Paliwal P, Carleton M, Sampson J, Brandes A. Nivolumab (nivo) in combination with radiotherapy (RT) ± temozolomide (TMZ): Updated safety results from CheckMate 143 in pts with methylated or unmethylated newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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80
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Hernández-Pérez S, Cabrera E, Salido E, Lim M, Reid L, Lakhani SR, Khanna KK, Saunus JM, Freire R. DUB3 and USP7 de-ubiquitinating enzymes control replication inhibitor Geminin: molecular characterization and associations with breast cancer. Oncogene 2017. [PMID: 28650472 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.21.
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Sharma R, Dunn A, Aschman D, Cheng D, Wheeler A, Soni A, McGuinn C, Knoll C, Stein DT, Young G, French J, Sanders J, Davis JA, Tarantino M, Lim M, Gruppo R, Sidonio R, Ahuja S, Carpenter S, Pipe S, Shapiro A. Radionuclide synovectomy/synoviorthesis (RS) in persons with bleeding disorders: A review of impact of national guidance on frequency of RS using the ATHNdataset. Haemophilia 2017; 23:e385-e388. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Teutsch P, Opel R, Chau A, Cayton J, Akins D, Lim M. 0279 SLEEP AND BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPE OF A COMBINED MOUSE MODEL OF TBI AND PTSD. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Opel R, Weymann K, Kuzma N, Lim M. 1170 DISRUPTIVE NOCTURNAL BEHAVIOR AND ELEVATED EMG TONE DURING SLEEP IN VETERANS WITH TBI AND PTSD. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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84
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Nakase-Richardson R, Healey E, Silva M, Schwartz D, Modarres M, Brown R, Lim M. 0599 SLEEP APNEA SEVERITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH MOTOR RECOVERY AND PROCESSING SPEED IN ACUTE TBI REHABILITATION ADMISSIONS: A VA TBI MODEL SYSTEM STUDY. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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85
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Skinner M, Lim M, Tarrega A, Ford R, Linforth R, Thomas A, Hort J. Investigating the oronasal contributions to metallic perception. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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86
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Omuro A, Vlahovic G, Baehring J, Butowski N, Reardon D, Cloughesy T, Sahebjam S, Lim M, Zwirtes R, Sampson J. OS07.3 Nivolumab in Combination With Radiotherapy With or Without Temozolomide in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Updated Results From CheckMate 143. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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87
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Hernández-Pérez S, Cabrera E, Salido E, Lim M, Reid L, Lakhani SR, Khanna KK, Saunus JM, Freire R. DUB3 and USP7 de-ubiquitinating enzymes control replication inhibitor Geminin: molecular characterization and associations with breast cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:4802-4809. [PMID: 28288134 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Correct control of DNA replication is crucial to maintain genomic stability in dividing cells. Inappropriate re-licensing of replicated origins is associated with chromosomal instability (CIN), a hallmark of cancer progression that at the same time provides potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Geminin is a critical inhibitor of the DNA replication licensing factor Cdt1. To properly achieve its functions, Geminin levels are tightly regulated through the cell cycle by ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation, but the de-ubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) involved had not been identified. Here we report that DUB3 and USP7 control human Geminin. Overexpression of either DUB3 or USP7 increases Geminin levels through reduced ubiquitination. Conversely, depletion of DUB3 or USP7 reduces Geminin levels, and DUB3 knockdown increases re-replication events, analogous to the effect of Geminin depletion. In exploring potential clinical implications, we found that USP7 and Geminin are strongly correlated in a cohort of invasive breast cancers (P<1.01E-08). As expected, Geminin expression is highly prognostic. Interestingly, we found a non-monotonic relationship between USP7 and breast cancer-specific survival, with both very low or high levels of USP7 associated with poor outcome, independent of estrogen receptor status. Altogether, our data identify DUB3 and USP7 as factors that regulate DNA replication by controlling Geminin protein stability, and suggest that USP7 may be involved in Geminin dysregulation during breast cancer progression.
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Lim M, Park H, Park J, Nam E, Lee ST, Han J, Cho Y. Trends of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy rate according to clinical and socioeconomic status. Breast 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(17)30198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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89
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Castillo-Fernandez O, Cabreja A, Arauz E, Bellido D, Lim M, Lopez R, Montano L. Abstract P5-11-16: Do patients and nurses outside clinical trial prefer subcutaneous trastuzumab over conventional intravenous infusion? Instituto Oncologico Nacional experience. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p5-11-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background In the PrefHer study, subcutaneous administration of trastuzumab was preferred over intravenous administration (iv). In 2014 our hospital approved subcutaneous (sc) trastuzumab for use in patients with early or metastatic Her 2 positive breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients (pts) and nurses´s preferences in our institution.
Methods Patients with Her2 postive breast cancer and nurses who had received or administered both sc and iv trastuzumab were interviewed to evaluate their preference. Preference for sc was compared with a linear chi squared test.
Results 55 pts were interviewed. Median age was 53 years (30-83). 30 patients in adjuvant/neoad setting and 25 pts in the palliative setting. 41 pts (74.5%) preferred sc 95% CI (63-86) , 3 pts (5.5%) preferred iv 95% CI (-0.5-11.5) and 11 pts (20%) did not have preference 95% CI (9.4-20%) p< 0.0001. 72% of pts considered that sc trastuzumab was more convenient (p<0.0001). 11 nurses experienced with both iv and sc trastuzumab administration answered the questionnaire. Median age 41 years (30-55). 10/11 nurses preferred sc administration, 1/10 indicated no preference. All nurses considered that sc was the most convenient administration method for the patients and is highly recommended. The main reason for patients and nurses preference was that sc administration saved time.
Conclusion Patients and nurses prefer s.c over iv trastuzumab. Our results are consistent with PrefHer study. Incorporation of sc trastuzumab could improve quality of care in patients with Breast Cancer Her 2 positive.
Citation Format: Castillo-Fernandez O, Cabreja A, Arauz E, Bellido D, Lim M, Lopez R, Montano L. Do patients and nurses outside clinical trial prefer subcutaneous trastuzumab over conventional intravenous infusion? Instituto Oncologico Nacional experience [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-11-16.
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Chung LP, Lake F, Hyde E, McCamley C, Phuangmalai N, Lim M, Waterer G, Summers Q, Moodley Y. Integrated multidisciplinary community service for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease reduces hospitalisations. Intern Med J 2017; 46:427-34. [PMID: 26691743 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitalisations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation affect patient outcomes and healthcare costs. The long-term impact of an integrated COPD disease-management approach on hospitalisation remains controversial. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a multidisciplinary community service reduces respiratory hospitalisations for COPD patients. METHODS A total of 346 patients was followed for a mean duration of 27.3 months. The number of admissions, total bed days for respiratory (COPD exacerbation or pneumonia) or general medical causes and length of stay (LOS) per respiratory admission was compared before and after referral with the service. A secondary multivariate analysis examined which clinical parameters best predict benefit from such service. RESULTS The total respiratory admission and hospital bed days after referral were reduced by 31% (288 vs 417, P < 0.001) and 40.4% (1637 vs 2746, P < 0.0001) respectively, compared with the equivalent duration prior. The average LOS for each respiratory admission was also significantly reduced after referral (6.61 vs 5.70, P = 0.02). Overall, 55% patients experienced a reduction in admission frequency and hospital days. The impact on admission frequency and hospital days was the greatest in those with an at least moderate disease (GOLD ≥2, odds ratio (OR): 3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 8.9; P = 0.019) and those who completed pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.8; P = 0.04). In contrast, general medical admissions increased, one-third attributable to a cardiovascular cause both before and after referral. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of COPD multidisciplinary community service was associated with reduced respiratory hospitalisations in the long term. Patients with moderate or severe disease and who are able to complete PR are much more likely to benefit.
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Goh C, Noaman S, Al-Mukhtar O, Cheng Y, Schneider D, Jumaah H, Kadhmawi A, Lim M, Neil C, Cox N, Chan W. Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure and its Association with Contrast-Induced Nephropathy and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Al-mukhtar O, Noaman S, Lim M, Goh C, Seman M, Mulligan A, Chan W, Cox N. Predictors of Short-Term Readmissions in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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93
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Lim M, McGrady M, Yee H, Chan J, Wilcox I. Feasibility of Using Multiplane Stress Imaging to Add Measurement of LV Ejection Fraction Response to Exercise to Regional Wall Motion Scoring During Stress Echo. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wonoputri V, Gunawan C, Liu S, Barraud N, Yee LH, Lim M, Amal R. Iron Complex Facilitated Copper Redox Cycling for Nitric Oxide Generation as Nontoxic Nitrifying Biofilm Inhibitor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:30502-30510. [PMID: 27759365 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-solvent casted mixed metal copper and iron complexes capable of catalytic generation of the antibiofilm nitric oxide (NO) from endogenous nitrite. In the absence of additional reducing agent, we demonstrated that the presence of iron complex facilitates a redox cycling, converting the copper(II) complex to active copper(I) species, which catalyzes the generation of NO from nitrite. Assessed by protein assay and surface coverage analyses, the presence of the mixed metal complexes in systems containing water industry-relevant nitrite-producing nitrifying biofilms was shown to result in a "nontoxic mode" of biofilm suppression, while confining the bacterial growth to the free-floating planktonic phase. Addition of an NO scavenger into the mixed metal system eliminated the antibiofilm effects, therefore validating first, the capability of the mixed metal complexes to catalytically generate NO from the endogenously produced nitrite and second, the antibiofilm effects of the generated NO. The work highlights the development of self-sustained antibiofilm materials that features potential for industrial applications. The novel NO-generating antibiofilm technology diverts from the unfavorable requirement of adding a reducing agent and importantly, the less tendency for development of bacterial resistance.
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Iro MA, Sadarangani M, Absoud M, Chong WK, Clark CA, Easton A, Gray V, Kneen R, Lim M, Pike M, Solomon T, Vincent A, Willis L, Yu LM, Pollard AJ. ImmunoglobuliN in the Treatment of Encephalitis (IgNiTE): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012356. [PMID: 27810972 PMCID: PMC5129051 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious and immune-mediated encephalitides are important but under-recognised causes of morbidity and mortality in childhood, with a 7% death rate and up to 50% morbidity after prolonged follow-up. There is a theoretical basis for ameliorating the immune response with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), which is supported by empirical evidence of a beneficial response following its use in the treatment of viral and autoimmune encephalitis. In immune-mediated encephalitis, IVIG is often used after a delay (by weeks in some cases), while diagnosis is confirmed. Wider use of IVIG in infectious encephalitis and earlier use in immune-mediated encephalitis could improve outcomes for these conditions. We describe the protocol for the first ever randomised control trial of IVIG treatment for children with all-cause encephalitis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 308 children (6 months to 16 years) with a diagnosis of acute/subacute encephalitis will be recruited in ∼30 UK hospitals and randomised to receive 2 doses (1 g/kg/dose) of either IVIG or matching placebo, in addition to standard treatment. Recruitment will be over a 42-month period and follow-up of each participant will be for 12 months post randomisation. The primary outcome is 'good recovery' (score of 2 or lower on the Glasgow Outcome Score Extended-paediatric version), at 12 months after randomisation. Additional secondary neurological measures will be collected at 4-6 weeks after discharge from acute care and at 6 and 12 months after randomisation. Safety, radiological, other autoimmune and tertiary outcomes will also be assessed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial has been approved by the UK National Research Ethics committee (South Central-Oxford A; REC 14/SC/1416). Current protocol: V4.0 (10/03/2016). The findings will be presented at national and international meetings and conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT02308982, EudraCT201400299735 and ISRCTN15791925; Pre-results.
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Shen C, Lin D, Redmond K, Link K, Kummerlowe M, Douglass J, Lipson E, Sharfman W, Bettegowda C, Lim M, Kleinberg L. Imaging and Clinical Profile Following Concurrent Stereotactic Radiation and Immune Therapy for Melanoma Brain Metastases: Preliminary Results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 96:E134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rafee S, McHugh D, Greally M, Ayodele O, Keegan N, Lim M, Hassan A, O'Mahony D, Hennessy B, Kelly C, Kennedy J, Walshe J, O'Connor M, Leonard G, Murphy V, Livingstone V, Corrigan M, O'Reilly S. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as predictive biomarkers of pathologic complete response (pCR) in neoadjuvant breast cancer: an Irish Clinical Oncology Group study (ICORG 16-20). Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw392.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lim M, Rubenach E, Alifano L, McGrady M, Wilcox I, Chan K. Event Monitors for Intermittent Arrhythmias: Real World Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Northcutt BG, Seeburg DP, Shin J, Aygun N, Herzka DA, Theodros D, Goodwin CR, Bettegowda C, Lim M, Blitz AM. High-Resolution MRI Findings following Trigeminal Rhizotomy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:1920-1924. [PMID: 27365326 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with trigeminal neuralgia often undergo trigeminal rhizotomy via radiofrequency thermocoagulation or glycerol injection for treatment of symptoms. To date, radiologic changes in patients with trigeminal neuralgia post-rhizotomy have not been described, to our knowledge. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients after trigeminal rhizotomy to characterize post-rhizotomy changes on 3D high-resolution MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of trigeminal neuralgia protocol studies was performed in 26 patients after rhizotomy compared with 54 treatment-naïve subjects with trigeminal neuralgia. Examinations were reviewed independently by 2 neuroradiologists blinded to the side of symptoms and treatment history. The symmetry of Meckel's cave on constructive interference in steady-state and the presence of contrast enhancement within the trigeminal nerves on volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination images were assessed subjectively. The signal intensity of Meckel's cave was measured on coronal noncontrast constructive interference in steady-state imaging on each side. RESULTS Post-rhizotomy changes included subjective clumping of nerve roots and/or decreased constructive interference in steady-state signal intensity within Meckel's cave, which was identified in 17/26 (65%) patients after rhizotomy and 3/54 (6%) treatment-naïve patients (P < .001). Constructive interference in steady-state signal intensity within Meckel's cave was, on average, 13% lower on the side of the rhizotomy in patients posttreatment compared with a 1% difference in controls (P < .001). Small regions of temporal encephalomalacia were noted in 8/26 (31%) patients after rhizotomy and 0/54 (0%) treatment-naïve patients (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Post-trigeminal rhizotomy findings frequently include nerve clumping and decreased constructive interference in steady-state signal intensity in Meckel's cave. Small areas of temporal lobe encephalomalacia are encountered less frequently.
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Bagheri A, Arandiyan H, Boyer C, Lim M. Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles: Emerging Intelligent Light-Activated Drug Delivery Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500437. [PMID: 27818904 PMCID: PMC5069703 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of drug delivery systems (DDSs) using near infrared (NIR) light and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) has generated intensive interest over the past five years. These NIR-initiated DDSs not only offer a high degree of spatial and temporal determination of therapeutic release but also provide precise control over the released dosage. Furthermore, these nanoplatforms confer several advantages over conventional light-based DDSs-NIR offers better tissue penetration depth and a reduced risk of cellular photo-damage caused by exposure to light at high-energy wavelengths (e.g., ultraviolet light, <400 nm). The development of DDSs that can be activated by low intensity NIR illumination is highly desirable to avoid exposing living tissues to excessive heat that can limit the in vivo application of these DDSs. This encompasses research in three directions: (i) enhancing the quantum yield of the UCNPs; (ii) incorporation of photo-responsive materials with red-shifted absorptions into the UCNPs; and (iii) tuning the UCNPs excitation wavelength. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of NIR-initiated DDS, with emphasis on the use of photo-responsive compounds and polymeric materials conjugated onto UCNPs. The challenges that limit UCNPs clinical applications, alongside with the aforementioned techniques that have emerged to overcome these limitations, are highlighted.
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