Effect of Heat Stress on Behavior, Physiological and Blood Parameters of Goat

The research was conducted to study the effect of heat stress on behavior, some physiological and blood parameters with nine goats of almost similar in age, sex and weight into three groups. Three groups were divided as zero hour (T0), four hours (T4) and eight hours (T8) heat exposure. Temperature–humidity index (THI) value was calculated as 28.17 which indicate the experimental animals were in extreme severe heat stress. Skin and rectal temperature had no significant differences among the treatment groups but respiration/panting and pulse rate were increased with the increased of heat stress from T0 to T8 group (P<0.01).  Significant difference was found in standing time and lying time (P<0.01) in experimental groups. There were significant changes (P<0.01) in number of urination and defecation per hour but no significant changes was found in duration per urination in heat treated groups. The amount of RBC, PCV%, Hb%, WBC were increased with the increased of heat stress (P<0.01). Neutrophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte numbers increased significantly (P<0.01) in heat treated groups.  It can be concluded that heat stress had significant changes on some behavioral, physiological and blood parameters of goat.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16465 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 37 - 45, 2011  

Effect of age on slaughterhouse by-products of indigenous cattle of Bangladesh

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of age on slaughterhouse by-products and their chemical composition of indigenous cattle of Bangladesh. Live weight, warm carcass weight and dressing percentage of different age group (T1= 0 Tooth, T2= 2 Teeths, T3= 4 Teeths, T4= 6 Teeths and T5= 8 Teeths) of indigenous cattle were estimated. Average live weight and warm carcass weight of indigenous cattle was 167.64±79.93 kg and 84.83±47.88 kg, respectively on which age has significant effect. The average dressing percentage of indigenous cattle was 48.99±4.84. The average weight (kg) of inedible by-products eg. blood, hide, tail, scrotum, penis, cannon, horn, ear and tail was 6.35±0.69, 14.02±1.66, 0.34±0.03, 0.27±0.02, 0.28±0.03, 2.74±0.22, 0.33±0.04 and 0.17±0.02, respectively on which age has significant effect. The average weight (kg) of edible by-products eg. liver, heart, kidney, lung, brain, spleen, empty stomach, empty intestine, head and tongue was 2.40±0.22, 0.55±0.06, 0.35±0.04, 1.43±0.14, 0.33±0.01, 0.46±0.04, 6.32±0.74, 4.77±0.52, 8.21±0.78 and 0.48±0.04, respectively on which age has significant effect. The chemical composition of edible by-products was more or less similar to the main products of meat industry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15784 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 62-66

Effect of heat stress on blood parameter, carcass and meat quality of Black Bengal goat

The research was conducted to study the effect of heat stress on blood parameter, carcass characteristics and meat quality of the Black Bengal goat. Nine goats were randomly and equally divided into three groups having almost same age and weight. Three groups were divided as zero hour (T0), four hours (T4) and eight hours (T8) of heat exposure. The T0 group were not exposed to heat stress, the T4 and T8 group were exposed to heat by keeping them at outside for 4 (four) hours and 8 (eight) hours from 9.00 AM to 1.00 PM and from 9.00 AM to 5.00 PM, respectively. Temperature–humidity index (THI) was calculated as 26.88 indicating all the experimental animals were in extreme severe heat stress. The blood parameter such as RBC, PCV%, Hb%, WBC was significantly (p<0.01) higher in T8 group than those of T4 and T0 groups. There was also significant (p<0.05) effect of heat stress on pH of the meat from different groups of the Black Bengal goats. By-products e.g., blood, pluck, spleen and kidney, and cooking loss were significantly (p<0.01) increased with the increase of the heat, but no significant differences were observed for pre-slaughter parameters, carcass weight, drip loss, dressing percentage, and proximate composition of the goat meat for DM, CP and Ash, while the EE significantly (p<0.05) differed among the heat treated groups. Heat stress significantly affected the blood parameter, cooking loss, pH, by-product of goats rather than non heat stressed group. It indicates that heat stress limits the qualitative and quantitative production characteristics of goat meat. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15783 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 57-61

Thelazia callipaeda infestation in Bangladesh: a case report

A 5 years old girl was admitted to Ophthalmology department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh with excessive watering, redness and movement of something in her right eye for last 2 months. She had unaided visual acuity- 6/6, matted eye lashes and mucoid discharge in right eye. Follicles were present on the fornices and lower palpebral conjunctiva of the same eye. On eversion of the right upper lid there were silicon tube like coiled moving structures seen at the lateral part of the upper fornics. Six nematodes were seen in the upper fornics around the duct of lacrimal glands. After removing the nematodes, one specimen was sent to parasitology department of Bangladesh Agriculture University for species identification. They reported that sending specimen is an adult "Thelazia Callipaeda". By the present study, the presence of human ocular T. callipaeda infestation is second reported case in Bangladesh. Ophthalmologists should be aware about parasitic infestation of conjunctiva.

Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Dhaka city population

This prospective, cross-sectional population based survey was carried out in the Respiratory wing, Department of Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to see the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among Dhaka City Population in Bangladesh. The total sample size was 900 at the age of 35 years or above. Spirometry was performed according to ATS criteria. Data related to smoking history, respiratory symptoms, co-morbidities, physical examination findings, spirometry values and other investigation reports were noted in the questionnaire. The mean age was 45.26±10.08 (Mean±SD); of them, male 76.9% and female 23.1%. Among them, smoker was 481 with a smoking duration of 10 pack year 27.8% and non smoker were 419. Spirometric screening yielded diagnosis of COPD in 11.4% (103/900). Using operational severity criteria adopted from Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) mild, moderate, severe and very severe COPD were found in 42.7%, 27.2%, 20.4% and 9.7% respectively. The hall mark symptom of COPD exertional dyspnea was seen in 10.4%, non-specific symptoms like cough and sputum were found in 40% and 19% respectively. Physical sign like vesicular breath sound with prolonged expiration and ronchi were found in 6.1% and 4.1% respectively. In this study, age (Mean±SD in years) (57.34±11.74), Sex (Male: Female = 4:1), low BMI (Mean±SD) (21.56±3.83), Smoker 56(20.2%) and low Socio-economic condition 54(13.6%) found to be risk factor of COPD. Regression analysis revealed that age (p<0.001), sex (p<0.001), smoking duration (p<0.001) and low socioeconomic condition (p<0.05) as independent risk factors for COPD.

Acute renal failure following wasp sting

Wasp stings can result in multi system involvement ranging from intravascular hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure cardiac involvement, hepatic dysfunction and occasionally thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. We report here a case of eight year old boy presented with history of wasp sting followed by scanty micturation, generalized swelling and respiratory distress. After admission renal replacement therapy along with oral Prednisolone was started as serum creatinine level was gradually increasing. Kidney biopsy reveled Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN). Diagnosis was made of acute renal failure due to AIN following wasp stings.

Effect of short-term recombinant human erythropoietin therapy in the prevention of anemia of prematurity in very low birth weight neonates

Premature infants especially those with birth weight < 1500 g suffer from Anaemia of prematurity (AOP) and associated problems. Erythropoietin therapy is a safe effective way to prevent and to treat anaemia of prematurity. To evaluate the effect of short-term administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) with iron and folic acid in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates in the prevention of anaemia of prematurity. A randomized controlled trial was carried out at Dhaka Shishu Hospital. Sixty preterm very low birth weight (PTVLBW) babies were enrolled in this study. Thirty were assigned to rHuEPO group and 30 as control. Baseline haematologic values were estimated before administration of rHuEPO. From day 7 of life rHuEPO-200 IU/kg/dose subcutaneously every alternate day for 2 weeks was administered to rHuEPO group. All infants in both groups have received oral iron, folic acid from day 14. Clinical and haematological assessment was done at 6 and 10 weeks of life. Baseline clinical characteristics and haematologic values were almost similar in both groups. This study has shown increase in haematological values (haemoglobin and haematocrit) and reduction in the number of blood transfusions during both the 1st and 2nd follow up in rHuEPO group in comparison to control group (p < 0.01). Short-term rHuEPO appears to be very effective in prevention of Anaemia of prematurity.

Effect of seasonal variations on jackfruit trunk borer (Batocera rufomaculata De Geer) infestation

The study of seasonal influence on incidence of trunk borer infestation was undertaken during 2010 at Kapasia upazila under district of Gazipur, Bangladesh. The borer was found in orchard from June to September with a peak emergence in mid July. The larval population of Jackfruit trunk borer is the destructive pest stage, which evokes concern in jackfruit growing areas of Bangladesh. The highest percentage of infestation was in July (7.33%) followed by June and August (6.00%). The cumulative infestation over the year in the study area was 35.33% in October. The lowest infestation was observed in February (0.67%) whereas no activity was found during November to January. The incidence of infestation of trunk borer was influenced by temperature, rainfall and relative humidity due to seasonal variations and their contribution of the regression (R2) were 63, 65 and 31%, respectively. Five independent weather factors in stepwise regression equation pooled responsible for 67.4% of the total variance. Stepwise regression showed that maximum temperature was the most important to influence 35.3% and the influence was lowest (2.1%) in case of average rainfall.

Effect of oxidative stress in male infertility

Infertility is a medical and social problem all over the world. Infertility results from abnormality of the male partners in almost 50% of cases. Oxidative stress is involved with many chronic pathological conditions and the current study was designed to evaluate any association that may exist between male infertility and oxidative stress. Infertile male patients (having female partners with normal fertility parameters; n=31) and age- matched healthy male fertile control subjects (n=30) were randomly selected from the Infertility Unit of the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. As a marker of oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte and seminal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in fertile and otherwise healthy infertile male subjects. In addition, antioxidant capacity was evaluated by measuring erythrocyte and seminal plasma glutathione (reduced form, GSH) concentrations in fertile and infertile male subjects. The MDA and GSH levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid method and Elmans method respectively. The median (range) MDA level of erythrocyte was found significantly higher in infertile male subjects compared with healthy fertile male subjects 24.23(3.71-42.21) vs. 12.84(1.30-24.00)nmol/gm Hb p<0.001. However, the erythrocyte GSH level did not differ between the two groups 12.62(0.67-29.82) versus 13.93 (2.10-21.08)mg/gm Hb. In case of seminal plasma, the median (range) MDA level was found significantly higher in infertile group 3.17 (1.20-6.21) versus 1.88(0.50-5.37)nmol/ml, p<0.001. In addition, the seminal plasma GSH level was found markedly suppressed in infertile group compared with fertile group 1.64(0.23-7.50) versus 4.26(2.32-7.50)mg/dl, p<0.001. Taken together, infertile male patients show an elevation of oxidative stress markers both in the erythrocytes and in the seminal plasma. Indicating that male infertility might be associated with increased oxidative stress.

Wandering spleen associated with β-Thalassemia: a case report

The clinical entity 'Wandering spleen' is an uncommon presentation and it is more often diagnosed in children than in adults, mostly women of reproductive age. Here is a case of a young woman who presented with generalized weakness and fever, and a painless mobile lump in her central abdomen. The laboratory evaluation revealed a haemolytic state and Haemoglobin electrophoresis showed β-Thalassemia trait (Hb A2 5.1%). Ultrasonography and Computerized Tomography (CT) scan confirmed that the mass is spleen and spleen is not present in its normal anatomical location. Abdominal CT described a well-defined, homogenous pediculated mass with echo texture comparable to spleen. Radioisotope scanning could be used as an alternative for confirmation of diagnosis of this rare condition, but was not done in our case. Colour Doppler sonography of the splenic circulation revealed no infarction and intact splenic vasculature. Wandering spleen should be considered in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic abdominal or pelvic lumps. The authoritative opinion for the treatment of such a case is splenectomy or splenopexy especially in children and here, in this case splenectomy was done.

Comparison of transabdominal and transvaginal sonography in the evaluation of uterine mass with histopathological correlation

A cross-sectional study was conducted to demonstrate the role of transvaginal (TVS) and transabdominal sonography (TAS) to detect clinically suspected uterine mass in 53 patients which could not be differentiated clinically. The sonographic findings were compared and correlated with the findings of histopathology. TAS and TVS revealed 20(37.7%) & 20(37.7%) had leiomyoma, 12(22.6%) & 14(26.4%) had Ca cervix, 6(11.3%) & 7(13.2%) had endometrial carcinoma, 1(1.9%) & 1(1.9%) had hydatidiform mole respectively. TAS revealed 5(9.4%) had thickened endometrium, and no detectable mass were detected in 9(17.0%) cases. TVS revealed polyp in 7(13.2%), and no detectable mass were detected in 4(7.5%) cases. Histopathologically confirmed leiomyoma were in 18(34.0%) cases, Ca cervix in 14(26.4%), endometrial carcinoma in 6(11.3%), adenomyosis in 1(1.9%), polyp in 7(13.2%), chronic cervicitis in 2(3.8%), hydatidiform mole in 1(1.9%) and no detectable mass were detected in 4(7.5%) cases. Sensitivity of TAS and TVS to diagnose uterine mass were 83.7% and 95.9%, specificity 25.0% and 50.0%, positive predictive value 93.2% and 95.9%, negative predictive value 11.1% and 50.0% and accuracy 79.2% and 92.5% respectively. Sensitivity of TAS & TVS to diagnose leiomyoma was 88.9% & 94.9%, specificity 88.6% & 91.4%, positive predictive value 80.0% & 85.0%, negative predictive value 93.9% & 97.0%, and accuracy 88.7% & 92.5% respectively. Sensitivity of TAS & TVS to diagnose Ca cervix were 57.1% & 78.6%, specificity 89.7% & 92.3%, positive predictive value 66.9% & 78.6%, negative predictive value 85.4% & 92.3%, and accuracy 81.1% & 88.7% respectively. So, uterine mass can be evaluated more accurately by TVS than TAS.

Morning glory syndrome

A 20 years young boy came from Sherpur was admitted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh on 10th December 2011 with the complaints of dimness of vision of right eye since childhood. His best corrected visual acuity right eye was 6/60 and left eye was 6/6. He has no strabismus or nystagmus. Fundus examination showed right eye - large disc with funnel shaped excavation surrounded by chorioretinal disturbance, white tuft of glial tissue on central part of disc, blood vessels emerge from rim of excavation in radial pattern. By clinical examination the patient was diagnosed as morning glory syndrome.

Effect of topical Beta blocker (Timolol maleate 0.5%) in primary open angle glaucoma

The study was undertaken to measure the effects of Beta blocker (Timolol maleate 0.5%) in moderate and advanced stage of primary open angle glaucoma by controlling intra-ocular pressure (IOP) and assessing the visual acuity (VA) and mean sensitivity (MS) of visual field. Study was done in the department of Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka from January 2002 to December 2005. It was a Prospective and interventional study. Thirty patients of bilateral primary open angle glaucoma were treated medically by B-blocker (Timolol maleate 0.5%) two times daily. Follow up were done after 7 days, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Before treatment Intra ocular pressure (IOP) range was 22-30 mm of Hg (mean 23.40 ± 2.04). After beta-blockers IOP reduced to the range of 10-20mm of Hg (mean 13.12 ± 2.01) which was statistically significant (p>0.02) in moderate stage & 8-18 mm Hg (mean 13.50 ± 2.0) in advance stage which was also statistically significant (p<0.02). VA and MS also improved in 15 eyes (50%), remained unchanged in 9 eyes (30%) and deteriorated in 6 eyes (20%) in moderate stage and also improved in 15 eyes (50%), remained unchanged in 6 eyes (20%) and deteriorated in 9 eyes (30%) in advanced stage. Success rate was 80% in moderate (p>0.02) & 70% in advanced stage (p<0.02) and which was statistically significant.

Leiomyoma of esophagus presenting as huge posterior mediastinal mass: 2 case reports

Smooth muscle tumors presenting as mediastinal soft tissue masses are rare and are often mistaken for other neoplasms. Benign tumors of the esophagus account for fewer than 1% of all esophageal tumors, the most common of which are leiomyomas. They are frequently located in the lower third of the esophagus. We report two cases of esophageal leiomyoma in the thoracic esophagus which were firstly presented as huge mediastinal mass with intermittent dysphagia and radiologically flecks of calcification.

The role of microRNAs in mammalian oocytes and embryos

Advanced genomic analysis has revealed an enormous inventory of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are functionally important at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level for different cellular processes. Among the ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been highlighted extensively for their pivotal role in disease, fertility and development through post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The presence and spatio-temporal expression of miRNAs and miRNA processing machinery genes in oocytes and preimplantation embryos has evidenced the involvement of miRNAs for growth and maturation of mammalian oocytes, early embryonic development, stem cell lineage differentiation and implantation. Therefore, this article aims to highlight primary evidences on the importance of miRNAs and their mediated translational reprogramming in the physiology and development of mammalian oocytes and embryos.

In vitro antioxidant potential study of some synthetic quinoxalines

In continuation of our study the in vitro antioxidant activity of some novel quinoxaline derivatives was investigated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method with respect to ascorbic acid. To determine the antioxidant activity, a number of substituted indoxyls (3A-G), cyclic ketones (2A-G), and quinoxalines (1A-G) were synthesized by both microwave and conventional heating methods. The present findings revealed that some quinoxalines and their precursors (1D, 1F, 1G and 2E) exhibited a marked scavenging effect on DPPH radical.

PATHOLOGICALSTUDY ON COLIBACILLOSIS IN CHICKENS AND DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI BY PCR

    The aim of the present study was to detect the pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) through pathological study of the colibacillosis affected birds. These isolated E. coli were further confirmed by PCR using specific primer. For this purpose, a total of 20 swabs (10 from lung and 10 from intestine of 10 dead birds) were collected in sterile nutrient broth. The histopathological samples were collected in 10% buffered neutral formalin. The used methods were histopathology, isolation and identification of E. coli by conventional methods and as well as by PCR method. A total of 10 isolates of E. coli from 20 swabs of lung and intestine was characterized by conventional routine methods of bacteriology. Gross pathological lesions of all lungs in the present investigation were congested and consolidated. Duodenum showed congestion and hemorrhages with excess mucus in the luminal surface of it. Microscopically, all the lungs showed severe congestion, infiltration of heterophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in the wall of bronchus as well as in the peribronchial alveoli. E. coli infected all the duodenum showed severe infiltration of leukocytes mainly heterophils, lymphocytes and macrophages in the submucosa of the duodenal wall. In this study, DNA of 8 isolates out of 10 isolated E. coli organisms was amplified by PCR using ECO-f and ECO-r primer targeting 16S ribosomal DNA and found 585 bp amplicon which is specific for E. coli with enteroinvasive type confirmed by histopathological lesions in duodenum. Further investigation should be focused on serotyping and detection of genes of E. coli which are responsible for pathogenicity of the organism.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11205Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 17-25 

Goldenhar syndrome

A female child of 10 months age from Netrokona, Bangladesh was admitted in the department of ophthalmology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh on 20.01.12 with the complaints of swelling on both her eyes and swelling of area in front of both ears. The child is mentally alert. Her fixation reflex is central, steady and maintained. On examination whitish growth on limbus, hard in consistency, non mobile, non tender, fixed with underlying structure both eyes. There are pre auricular skin tags. There is no cardiac abnormality and ENT consultation done reveals normal except pre-auricular ear tags. X ray of mandible and maxilla shows hypoplasia of maxilla and mandible. Clinical examination and investigations confirmed the diagnosis as Goldenhar syndrome.

Clinical study of upper abdominal pain in hospitalised patients in medicine unites of a medical college in Dhaka City (Study of 104 cases)

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v20i2.10538 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2011; 20(2): 124-133

Semen parameters at different age groups of male partners of infertile couples

As a good number of couples are coming to infertility clinics to have children at advanced ages, it is essential to know whether advanced paternal age is associated with diminished semen quality and a higher risk of infertility. This retrospective study was done to see the effects of age on semen quality, a well-known indicator of fertility status. Semen parameters of smokers and non-smokers in the study population were also analyzed. A sample of 1121 male partners of infertile couples (aged 25-55 years) who came to an infertility clinic for treatment were included into the study. In addition to clinical history including lifestyle, medical and occupational details and physical examination, their semen samples were examined. Semen volume (ml), sperm concentration (x 10(6)/ml), motility (%), rapidly progressing (%), slowly progressing (%), non-progressive (%) motility and morphology (%) were measured. Semen volume showed IQR 1.5-3.0 ml, and significant decreasing trend with increasing age (r = -0.070, p<0.05). Sperm motility and rapidly progressing motility showed significant decrease (IQR 40.0-70.0, r = -0.115, p<0.01 and IQR 20.0-50.0, r = -0.107, p<0.01 respectively) with increasing age. There was no significant difference between semen parameters of smokers and non-smokers in the study population. This study shown that semen volume, sperm motility and rapidly progressing motility were significantly decreased with increasing age.

Clinical outcomes of management of myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome

The purpose of the present study was to investigate two years clinical outcome of patients having myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS). A total of 50 patients (male: 15, Female: 35, age: raged from 20 to 65 years) were included for this study. Clinical diagnosis for the assessment of anxiety and depression of each patient was performed by Hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale. Patients were then received either one of the following treatments: Occlusion correction only (n=14), Muscle Relaxant + anti-depressant drug (n=26), Physiotherapy + antidepressant drug + muscle relaxant (n=6) and Appliance + muscle relaxant (n= 4). Following two years observation, it was revealed that the treatment was apparently successful in 95% case; only 5% case was not successful due to their irregular visit. It can be concluded that MPDS is not primarily related to occlusal factors and a complex psycho physiological mechanism is involved in this type of pain problems.

Immunogenicity of pressure inactivated Edwardsiella tarda bacterin to Anguilla japonica (Japanese eel)

Japanese eel Anguilla japonica were immunized with inactivated Edwardsiella tarda bacterin preparations (formalin-killed cells, FKC (0.4%), formalin with heat-killed cells, FHKC (0.1% and 70 degreesC for 10 min), heat-killed cells, HKC (70 degrees C for 15 min), potassium chloride-killed cells, KKC (0.6%), tannic acid-killed cells, TKC (0.9%), citric acid-killed cells, CAKC (0.9%), pressure-killed cells, PKC (600 psi for 5 min) and electric current-killed cells, ECKC (100 mA at 12 v DC for 5 sec) via intraperitoneal injection in order to develop adequate inactivating method. Immune parameters in the immunized eel were measured to compare responses to different bacterins. Generally, eel rose agglutinating antibody titer in the serum within 2 week and the maximum titer occurred at 6 weeks post immunization. Elevated and significantly higher titer was produced with the PKC of E. tarda than other bacterin preparations. An Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), to determine specific anti-E. tarda antibody in the serum, also showed significantly higher antibody titer with PKC than the other antigen preparations. Bacteriostatic assay with serum and live E. tarda indicated significantly higher activity in the PKC-immunized fish. Immunization with PKC also showed the increased level ofphagocytosis. PKC-inactivated vaccine at an immunization dose of 10(6) cells/fish induced high protection against experimental infection. Coincident with higher immune parameters and protection in the fish immunized with the PKC bacterin strongly suggested that pressure-killing is an effective inactivating method to develop an effective vaccine against edwardsiellosis.

Usher syndrome

A young girl of 10 years age came from Nalitabari, Sherpur was admitted in the department of Ophthalmology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh on the 5th January 2011 with the complaints of dimness of vision of both eyes, night blindness and profound deafness since birth. She had parental history of consanguineous marriage. Best corrected visual acuity of this patient was recorded 6/60 both the eyes with nystagmus. Fundus examination showed waxy pallor optic disc, arteriolar attenuation and bony spicule pigmentation both eyes. By history and clinical examination the patient was diagnosed as Usher syndrome.

Von Hippel-Lindau disease in a pregnant lady

Von Hippel-Lindau disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by various tumours and cysts in the central nervous system and other viscera. Here a case was described in a young female who was pregnant at the time of initial presentation with the complaints of occasional headache, low back pain and pain in the upper abdomen. After the birth of a healthy baby she was admitted to the hospital and the CT scan of upper abdomen suggested a multiloculated pancreatic cyst. MRI of thoracolumbar spine revealed an intracanalicular extradural mass and CT scan of brain revealed a cerebellar cystic mass. The spinal and cerebellar masses both were diagnosed histologically as haemangioblastoma. After a month she underwent laparotomy with near total pancreatectomy. Microscopically it was a microcystic cystadenoma. Based on the clinical presentation, imaging and histopathology of spinal, cerebellar and pancreatic lesions as well as a family history of her father's death due to brain tumour the final diagnosis was Von Hippel-Lindau disease.

Physical training induced resting bradycardia and its association with cardiac autonomic nervous activities

Regular physical exercise causes resting bradycardia. This exercise-induced resting bradycardia may be associated with exercise-induced changes in Cardiac autonomic nervous activities (CANA). Power Spectral Analysis (PSA) of Heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the most promising new techniques to quantify CANA. Regular physical exercise induced bradycardia is associated with exercise-induced adaptation in CANA. To observe the HRV parameters by frequency domain method (PSA), in male adolescent athletes in order to find out the influence of regular physical exercise on resting heart rate (HR) and CANA. The cross sectional study was carried out on 62 adolescent male athletes aged 12-18 years (group B), in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2008. For comparison 30 age, sex and socioeconomic condition matched apparently healthy sedentary subjects (group A) were also studied. The study group was selected from the BKSP (Bangladesh Krira Shikka Prothistan, Savar, Dhaka) and the control from a residential school of Dhaka city. HRV parameters were assessed by Polygraph (Polyrite D, version 2.2). For statistical analysis Independent-Samples t-test was done as applicable. Resting mean HR was significantly (p<0.001) lower in the athletes. The mean value of Total (variance), VLF, LF and HF power was significantly (p<0.001) higher in athletes than that of non-athetes. Regular physical exercise-induced resting bradycardia is associated with exercise-induced adaptation in cardiac autonomic nervous activities.