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In vivo near-realtime volumetric optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using a high-repetition-rate nanosecond fiber-laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:17143-50. [PMID: 21935076 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.017143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is capable of achieving optical-absorption-contrast images with micron-scale spatial resolution. Previous OR-PAM systems have been frame-rate limited by mechanical scanning speeds and laser pulse repetition rate (PRR). We demonstrate OR-PAM imaging using a diode-pumped nanosecond-pulsed Ytterbium-doped 532-nm fiber laser with PRR up to 600 kHz. Combined with fast-scanning mirrors, our proposed system provides C-scan and 3D images with acquisition frame rate of 4 frames per second (fps) or higher, two orders of magnitude faster than previously published systems. High-contrast images of capillary-scale microvasculature in a live Swiss Webster mouse ear with ~6-µm optical lateral spatial resolution are demonstrated.
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A systematic search for the structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of bimetallic Ca₂-doped gold clusters: comparison with pure gold clusters. J Mol Model 2011; 18:1333-43. [PMID: 21748329 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The local meta-GGA exchange correlation density functional (TPSS) with a relativistic effective core potential was employed to systematically investigate the geometric structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of bimetallic Ca(2)Au( n ) (n = 1-9) and pure gold Au( n ) (n ≤ 11) clusters. The optimized geometries show that the most stable isomers for Ca(2)Au( n ) clusters have 3D structure when n > 2, and that one Au atom capping the Ca(2)Au( n-1) structure for different-sized Ca(2)Au( n ) (n = 1-9) clusters is the dominant growth pattern. The average atomic binding energies and second-order difference in energies show that the Ca(2)Au(4) isomer is the most stable among the Ca(2)Au( n ) clusters. The same pronounced even-odd alternations are found in the HOMO-LUMO gaps, VIPs, and hardnesses. The polarizabilities of the Ca(2)Au( n ) clusters show an obvious local minimum at n = 4. Moreover, the inverse corrections to the polarizabilities versus the ionization potential and hardness were found for the gold clusters.
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Estimating optical absorption, scattering, and Grueneisen distributions with multiple-illumination photoacoustic tomography. APPLIED OPTICS 2011; 50:3145-54. [PMID: 21743514 DOI: 10.1364/ao.50.003145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
While photoacoustic methods offer significant promise for high-resolution optical contrast imaging, quantification has thus far proved challenging. In this paper, a noniterative reconstruction technique for producing quantitative photoacoustic images of both absorption and scattering perturbations is introduced for the case when the optical properties of the turbid background are known and multiple optical illumination locations are used. Through theoretical developments and computational examples, it is demonstrated that multiple-illumination photoacoustic tomography (MI-PAT) can alleviate ill-posedness due to absorption-scattering nonuniqueness and produce quantitative high-resolution reconstructions of optical absorption, scattering, and Gruneisen parameter distributions. While numerical challenges still exist, we show that the linearized MI-PAT framework that we propose has orders of magnitude improved condition number compared with CW diffuse optical tomography.
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Zinc accumulation and synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Physalis alkekengi L. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:1783-8. [PMID: 21549461 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A field survey and greenhouse experiments were conducted using Physalis alkekengi L. to investigate strategies of phytoremediation. In addition, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using P. alkekengi. P. alkekengi plants grew healthily at Zn levels from 50 to 5000 mg kg(-1) in soils. The plants incorporated Zn into their aerial parts (with mean dry weight values of 235-10,980 mg kg(-1)) and accumulated biomass (with a mean dry weight of 25.7 g plant(-1)) during 12 weeks. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles showed a polydisperse behavior and had a mean size of 72.5 nm. The results indicate that P. alkekengi could be used for the remediation of zinc-contaminated soils. Moreover, the synthetic method of synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles from Zn hyperaccumulator plants constitutes a new insight into the recycling of metals in plant sources.
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Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of gold cluster doped with calcium: AunCa (n = 1–8). Mol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2010.521778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Comparison of different threshold values r for approximate entropy: application to investigate the heart rate variability between heart failure and healthy control groups. Physiol Meas 2010; 32:167-80. [PMID: 21178247 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/32/2/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Approximate entropy (ApEn) is widely accepted as a complexity measure of the heart rate variability (HRV) signal, but selecting the criteria for the threshold value r is controversial. This paper aims to verify whether Chon's method of forecasting the r(max) is an appropriate one for the HRV signal. The standard limb lead ECG signals of 120 subjects were recorded for 10 min in a supine position. The subjects were divided into two groups: the heart failure (22 females and 38 males, median age 62.4 ± 12.6) and healthy control group (33 females and 27 males, median age 51.5 ± 16.9). Three types of ApEn were calculated: the ApEn(0.2) using the recommended constant r = 0.2, the ApEn(chon) using Chon's method and the ApEn(max) using the true r(max). A Wilcoxon rank sum test showed that the ApEn(0.2) (p = 0.267) and the ApEn(max) (p = 0.813) had no statistical differences between the two groups, while the ApEn(chon) (p = 0.040) had. We generated a synthetic database to study the effect of two influential factors (the signal length N and the ratio of short- and long-term variability sd(1)/sd(2)) on the empirical formula in Chon's method (Chon et al 2009 IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 28 18-23). The results showed that the empirical formula proposed by Chon et al is a good method for analyzing the random signal, but not an appropriate tool for analyzing nonlinear signals, such as the logistic or HRV signals.
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starBase: a database for exploring microRNA-mRNA interaction maps from Argonaute CLIP-Seq and Degradome-Seq data. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:D202-9. [PMID: 21037263 PMCID: PMC3013664 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 647] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent an important class of small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) that regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs. However, assigning miRNAs to their regulatory target genes remains technically challenging. Recently, high-throughput CLIP-Seq and degradome sequencing (Degradome-Seq) methods have been applied to identify the sites of Argonaute interaction and miRNA cleavage sites, respectively. In this study, we introduce a novel database, starBase (sRNA target Base), which we have developed to facilitate the comprehensive exploration of miRNA–target interaction maps from CLIP-Seq and Degradome-Seq data. The current version includes high-throughput sequencing data generated from 21 CLIP-Seq and 10 Degradome-Seq experiments from six organisms. By analyzing millions of mapped CLIP-Seq and Degradome-Seq reads, we identified ∼1 million Ago-binding clusters and ∼2 million cleaved target clusters in animals and plants, respectively. Analyses of these clusters, and of target sites predicted by 6 miRNA target prediction programs, resulted in our identification of approximately 400 000 and approximately 66 000 miRNA-target regulatory relationships from CLIP-Seq and Degradome-Seq data, respectively. Furthermore, two web servers were provided to discover novel miRNA target sites from CLIP-Seq and Degradome-Seq data. Our web implementation supports diverse query types and exploration of common targets, gene ontologies and pathways. The starBase is available at http://starbase.sysu.edu.cn/.
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ncRNAimprint: a comprehensive database of mammalian imprinted noncoding RNAs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 16:1889-1901. [PMID: 20801769 PMCID: PMC2941098 DOI: 10.1261/rna.2226910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Imprinted noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are expressed mono-allelically in a parent-of-origin-dependent manner, which is mainly evident in mammals. Lying at a crossroad between imprinted genes and ncRNAs, imprinted ncRNAs show distinct features. They are likely to function in nontraditional ways compared to non-imprinted ncRNAs, and are much more responsible for the mechanism of genomic imprinting compared to imprinted protein-coding genes. An increasing number of human diseases have been shown to be related to abnormalities in imprinted ncRNAs. Due to their functional importance, many studies focusing on imprinted ncRNAs have been published in recent years; however, there is no systematic collection or description of imprinted ncRNAs and the rapidly growing knowledge is scattered in various places. Here, we describe a new database, ncRNAimprint, which serves as a comprehensive resource center for mammalian imprinted ncRNAs. A catalog of imprinted ncRNAs, including snoRNAs, microRNAs, piRNAs, siRNAs, antisense ncRNAs, and mRNA-like ncRNAs, was annotated in detail using information extracted from relevant literature and databases. Comprehensive collections of imprinted ncRNA-related diseases, imprinting control regions (ICRs), and imprinted regions were manually compiled to provide resources for current research focusing on imprinted ncRNAs. Small RNA deep sequencing reads that fully matched within imprinted regions were also included to offer useful evidence in detecting novel imprinted ncRNAs and to aid in analyzing expression patterns of known imprinted ncRNAs. A search page including four effective search forms and two graphical browsers was created for rapid retrieval and visualization of these data. The imprinted ncRNA database is freely accessible at http://rnaqueen.sysu.edu.cn/ncRNAimprint.
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Magnetic resonance imaging and pituitary function in children with panhypopituitarism. Horm Res Paediatr 2010; 73:205-9. [PMID: 20197674 DOI: 10.1159/000284363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and multiple pituitary-target hormones in patients with panhypopituitarism or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD). METHODS 125 patients with MPHD (102 boys, MPHD group) and 90 age-, sex- and Tanner stage-matched normal children (control group) were enrolled. 96 of the patients with MPHD underwent MRI scans of the hypothalamic-pituitary area. The patients were subdivided into five stages according to their MRI findings. The serum concentrations of GH, IGF-1, FT(4), TSH, ACTH, cortisol, FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone and estradiol were measured in patients and in controls. RESULTS MRI stage was significantly positively correlated with the number of pituitary hormone deficiencies (r = 0.9, p < 0.001). MRI stage was negatively correlated with peak GH, IGF-1, FT(4), cortisol and anterior pituitary height (r = -0.43, -0.47, -0.67, -0.54, and -0.49, respectively, p < 0.01). Diabetes insipidus patients could be stratified according to their MRI stage; diabetes insipidus was found mainly in patients with absence of the posterior pituitary bright spot or small ectopic posterior pituitary bright spot on MRI. CONCLUSION An abnormal MRI finding is evidence of MPHD and, correspondingly, there is a noteworthy correlation between MRI and pituitary function.
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Deep sequencing of human nuclear and cytoplasmic small RNAs reveals an unexpectedly complex subcellular distribution of miRNAs and tRNA 3' trailers. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10563. [PMID: 20498841 PMCID: PMC2871053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22-nt small non-coding regulatory RNAs that have generally been considered to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in the cytoplasm. However, recent studies have reported that some miRNAs localize to and function in the nucleus. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To determine the number of miRNAs localized to the nucleus, we systematically investigated the subcellular distribution of small RNAs (sRNAs) by independent deep sequencing sequenced of the nuclear and cytoplasmic pools of 18- to 30-nucleotide sRNAs from human cells. We identified 339 nuclear and 324 cytoplasmic known miRNAs, 300 of which overlap, suggesting that the majority of miRNAs are imported into the nucleus. With the exception of a few miRNAs evidently enriched in the nuclear pool, such as the mir-29b, the ratio of miRNA abundances in the nuclear fraction versus in the cytoplasmic fraction vary to some extent. Moreover, our results revealed that a large number of tRNA 3' trailers are exported from the nucleus and accumulate in the cytoplasm. These tRNA 3' trailers accumulate in a variety of cell types, implying that the biogenesis of tRNA 3' trailers is conserved and that they have a potential functional role in vertebrate cells. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide the first comprehensive view of the subcellular distribution of diverse sRNAs and new insights into the roles of miRNAs and tRNA 3' trailers in the cell.
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High glucose down-regulates miR-29a to increase collagen IV production in HK-2 cells. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:811-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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New Isocourmarin and Phthalide Derivatives from the Rhizomes of Matteuccia orientalis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:1650-4. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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163
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deepBase: a database for deeply annotating and mining deep sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:D123-30. [PMID: 19966272 PMCID: PMC2808990 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput next-generation sequencing technology have reshaped the transcriptomic research landscape. However, exploration of these massive data remains a daunting challenge. In this study, we describe a novel database, deepBase, which we have developed to facilitate the comprehensive annotation and discovery of small RNAs from transcriptomic data. The current release of deepBase contains deep sequencing data from 185 small RNA libraries from diverse tissues and cell lines of seven organisms: human, mouse, chicken, Ciona intestinalis, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenhorhabditis elegans and Arabidopsis thaliana. By analyzing ∼14.6 million unique reads that perfectly mapped to more than 284 million genomic loci, we annotated and identified ∼380 000 unique ncRNA-associated small RNAs (nasRNAs), ∼1.5 million unique promoter-associated small RNAs (pasRNAs), ∼4.0 million unique exon-associated small RNAs (easRNAs) and ∼6 million unique repeat-associated small RNAs (rasRNAs). Furthermore, 2038 miRNA and 1889 snoRNA candidates were predicted by miRDeep and snoSeeker. All of the mapped reads can be grouped into about 1.2 million RNA clusters. For the purpose of comparative analysis, deepBase provides an integrative, interactive and versatile display. A convenient search option, related publications and other useful information are also provided for further investigation. deepBase is available at: http://deepbase.sysu.edu.cn/.
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SnoRNAs from the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa: structural, functional and evolutionary insights. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:515. [PMID: 19895704 PMCID: PMC2780460 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SnoRNAs represent an excellent model for studying the structural and functional evolution of small non-coding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional modification machinery for rRNAs and snRNAs in eukaryotic cells. Identification of snoRNAs from Neurospora crassa, an important model organism playing key roles in the development of modern genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology will provide insights into the evolution of snoRNA genes in the fungus kingdom. RESULTS Fifty five box C/D snoRNAs were identified and predicted to guide 71 2'-O-methylated sites including four sites on snRNAs and three sites on tRNAs. Additionally, twenty box H/ACA snoRNAs, which potentially guide 17 pseudouridylations on rRNAs, were also identified. Although not exhaustive, the study provides the first comprehensive list of two major families of snoRNAs from the filamentous fungus N. crassa. The independently transcribed strategy dominates in the expression of box H/ACA snoRNA genes, whereas most of the box C/D snoRNA genes are intron-encoded. This shows that different genomic organizations and expression modes have been adopted by the two major classes of snoRNA genes in N. crassa . Remarkably, five gene clusters represent an outstanding organization of box C/D snoRNA genes, which are well conserved among yeasts and multicellular fungi, implying their functional importance for the fungus cells. Interestingly, alternative splicing events were found in the expression of two polycistronic snoRNA gene hosts that resemble the UHG-like genes in mammals. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed that the extensive separation and recombination of two functional elements of snoRNA genes has occurred during fungus evolution. CONCLUSION This is the first genome-wide analysis of the filamentous fungus N. crassa snoRNAs that aids in understanding the differences between unicellular fungi and multicellular fungi. As compared with two yeasts, a more complex pattern of methylation guided by box C/D snoRNAs in multicellular fungus than in unicellular yeasts was revealed, indicating the high diversity of post-transcriptional modification guided by snoRNAs in the fungus kingdom.
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SU-FF-T-193: An Investigation of the Accuracy of Esophageal IMRT Dose Distribution Using Three-Dimensional Dosimetry Techniques and Monte Carlo Simulation. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Postoperative pituitary hormonal disturbances and hormone replacement therapy time and dosage in children with craniopharyngiomas. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008; 121:2077-2082. [PMID: 19080279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proliferative activity and penetration into the hypothalamic structures in children craniopharyngiomas (CP) often make radical resection difficult. Therefore, complete resection of CP often results in permanent multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD). This study aimed to elucidate the postoperative pituitary hormonal disturbances, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) time and dosage in children with CP. METHODS Twenty patients with growth retardation and CP after resection, comprising 14 boys and 6 girls, with a mean age of (10.63 +/- 3.18) years (Group A) and 10 male patients of group A aged > 10 years (Group B) were entolled. Thirty age-, sex- and Tanner stage-matched normal children (control Group A), and 44 male older children > 10 years (control Group B) served as controls. The serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (GH), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticortropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (COR), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were measured in the CP patients after resection and in controls. The appropriate time and dosage of HRT were investigated. Linear correlation analysis was made between levothyroxine (L-T4) dosage and primary FT4 in CP patients after resection. RESULTS All cases had MPHD. The serum peak GH, IGF-1, FT4 and COR levels of Group A were significantly lower than that of the control Group A. The serum IGF-1 concentration increased to the normal level after 3 months of rhGH therapy; the serum FSH, LH, and T levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.001); however, E2 and PRL were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in Group B compared with the control Group B; 18 cases were found to have central diabetes insipidus (DI) by water deprivation test and MRI. There was a significant negative linear regression (r = -0.8, P < 0.001) between L-T4 and primary FT4 in Group A patients with CP after resection, giving a regression equation of L-T4 dosage (microg.kg(-1).d(-1)) = 3.5-0.2 x FT4 (microg.kg(-1).d(-1)). The time and corresponding dosage of HRT for CP after resection were: rhGH started 1 year after resection and no recurrence of CP on MRI, when IGF-1 reached the normal range, the rhGH dosage was (0.13 +/- 0.04) U.kg(-1).d(-1); hydrocortisone (H-C) was started as soon as possible, and was kept in the lower normal range, at a dosage of (12.6 +/- 4.8) mg/m2; levothyroxine started after H-C or at the same time to maintain FT4 in the higher normal range, at a dosage of (1.65 +/- 0.70) microg.kg(-1).d(-1); Minirin (DDAVP) was started as soon as possible, elicited no symptoms, and maintained normal electrolyte levels; the dosage was (0.16 +/- 0.04) mg/m2. CONCLUSION Patients with CP after resection often displayed MPHD, and needed total HRT at appropriate time and dosage to improve the quality of life and normal growth.
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Transcriptional regulation of fatty acid translocase/CD36 expression by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:8788-95. [PMID: 18263877 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800055200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) plays an important role in facilitating long chain fatty acid transport. FAT/CD36 gene deletion protects mice from high fat diet-induced obesity. In this study we have investigated the regulatory mechanism of FAT/CD36 expression at the transcription level. FAT/CD36 expression was activated during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation, and FAT/CD36 protein levels were positively correlated with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. However, a negative correlation was detected between FAT/CD36 and C/EBPbeta. Overexpression of C/EBPalpha or C/EBPbeta increased FAT/CD36 mRNA and protein levels in several types of cells. Restoration of C/EBPalpha or C/EBPbeta expression in C/EBPalpha- or C/EBPbeta-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts increased FAT/CD36 expression. However, in mouse embryonic fibroblasts C/EBPalpha was a more potent activator of FAT/CD36 expression than was C/EBPbeta. Expression of C/EBPalpha robustly increased FAT/CD36 proximal promoter-directed luciferase expression in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. A C/EBP-responsive element was identified in the FAT/CD36 promoter by using 5' and specific site mutations. The binding of C/EBPalpha in the FAT/CD36 promoter was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results demonstrated that C/EBPalpha regulates FAT/CD36 gene expression at the transcriptional level.
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Optimization of Molecular Distillation for Recovery of Tocopherol from Rapeseed Oil Deodorizer Distillate Using Response Surface and Artificial Neural Network Models. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2007. [DOI: 10.1205/fbp06048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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On the profile of gas pressure drops in the bore of hollow fiber membranes: A reply to the comment by T.S.Y. Choong in J. Membr. Sci. 280 (2006) 990. J Memb Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Regulation on maturation and function of dendritic cells by Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharides. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:1161-6. [PMID: 16714220 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharides(ASP) isolated from one of the Chinese herbs-A. mongholicus which are known to have a variety of immunomodulatory activity. However, little is known about their immunomodulatory effects on murine bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (DC). DC are professional antigen presenting cells, which are pivotal for initiation of primary immune response. In this study, the regulatory effects of ASP on maturation and function of cultured murine BM-derived DC were investigated in vitro. ASP (10, 50, 100, 250 microg/ml) could increase the co-expression of CD-11c and MHC class II molecules on DC surface, and the 100 microg/ml is the optimal dose. The ability of unstimulated DC to uptake FITC-dextran was higher than that of ASP- or LPS-treated DC. We analyzed the concentration of IL-12 secreted by DC using ELISA. ASP-treated DC secreted a higher level of IL-12 than untreated DC. And ASP- or LPS-treated DC displayed a more mature morphology, with long protrusions, while untreated-DC displayed shorter protrusions than stimulated DC.
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Genetic diversity of small eukaryotes from the coastal waters of Nansha Islands in China. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 240:163-70. [PMID: 15522504 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2004] [Revised: 09/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Population structures and genetic diversity of the small eukaryotic plankton from the coastal waters of the Nansha Islands in China were investigated. Two genes libraries using 18S rDNA of the marine small eukaryotes were constituted, and 323 clones were identified within alveolates (more than 43%), acanthareas, viridiplantaes, and stramenopiles. Many novel clones were detected in the two libraries, including two groups of alveolates and two clades related to both acanthareas and polycystineas. Several sequences unrelated to any other known eukaryotes may represent early branches in the phylogenetic tree. Our results reveal that there is a high diversity and abundance of small eukaryotes in the marine regions of China.
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Circadian rhythms in serum bone markers and their relation to the effect of etidronate in rats. Chronobiol Int 2003; 20:325-36. [PMID: 12723888 DOI: 10.1081/cbi-120019343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythmicity is an essential feature of bone metabolism. The present study was undertaken to (Aoshima et al., 1998) determine the changes in bone resorption and formation in rats over 24h, (Black et al., 1999) evaluate the effect of the consecutive administration of etidronate on circadian rhythms of serum bone markers, and (Blumsohn et al., 1994) determine whether the effect of etidronate on bone metabolism is circadian time-dependent. One hundred twenty male Wistar rats, which had been adapted to a 12/12h light/dark cycle, were injected subcutaneously once daily with either 0.5 mgP/kg etidronate or 0.9% NaCl (control group) at 0090, 1300, 1700, 2100, 0100, or 0500h for 10d. Serum was collected and tibiae were dissected 24h after the last injection. Serum pyridinoline (Pyd), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Pi), calcitonin (CT), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal tibia, and the rate of formation of longitudinal trabecular bone over the past 48h were also determined using a chronological labeling method with NTA-Pb. The results showed characteristic circadian rhythms in serum bone markers in rats, with peaks in both bone resorption and bone formation during the animals' rest span. The administration of etidronate at the different times of the day decreased the level of bone-resorption markers (Pyd and TRAP) without affecting the circadian patterns of markers of bone formation (OC and ALP). However, the magnitude of the decrease due to etidronate was not uniform throughout the day, and was greatest during the daytime. Etidronate increased the BMD in the tibial metaphysis in all of the time-treatment groups, but the magnitude of the increase did not vary with the time of etidronate administration. The present data provide a physiological basis for future studies on bone metabolism and may be important in the design of future experiments and in the interpretation of experimental data.
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175
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[High-frequency ventilation in the treatment of sleep apnea syndrome in diabetes mellitus]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2001; 81:565-6. [PMID: 16432963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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176
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Chronic toxicity of rare-earth elements on human beings: implications of blood biochemical indices in REE-high regions, South Jiangxi. Biol Trace Elem Res 2000; 73:1-17. [PMID: 10949964 DOI: 10.1385/bter:73:1:1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/1999] [Accepted: 05/10/1999] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood analyses for rare-earth element (REE)-high background regions in South Jiangxi show that the population averages of many of the biochemical indices deviate markedly from normal values in the normal region. These deviations are thought to be caused by prolonged intake of REE through food chains in view of that the toxicity of other harmful metals such as Pb and Cd can be neglected because of their insignificant amounts in the environment. In comparison with the normal region, blood biochemical indices abnormal in the REE-high regions are manifested as low total serum protein (TSP), albumin, beta-globulin, glutamic pyruvic transitanase, serium triglycerides, and immunoglobulin, but high cholesterol. These deviations may be related to the REE concentration and composition of food chains, and are sex dependent. Certain blood indices (such as TSP) of different age groups in the LREE-high region indicate that the influence of REE on males is a one-way irreversible process, whereas females show a strong ability of restoration.
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177
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Abstract
Auditory brainstem electric response (ABR) and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) of 21 subjects (41 ears) among villagers in a rare earth element (REE) area in Gan County, Jiangxi, China, were studied. No difference in ABR between the subjects from the REE area and the control group was noted. However, the conduction detected by SEP from the median nerve to the thalamus (P15) was shortened (P < 0.05), especially to the first-grade primary somatosensory responsive region (S1) (P < 0.01) and the amplitude of S1 decreased (P < 0.05), indicating that REE was difficult to accumulate in the brainstem, but it was susceptible to cerebral cortex, thus causing sub-clinical damage. This condition was confirmed in the animal experiment. It was suggested that the toxicity through long-term intake of small doses of REE might not be negligible, and the hazard of REE environments should be investigated.
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Abstract
An ophthalmofunduscope was used to investigate arteriosclerosis among villagers aged 20-40 yr old in two rare earth areas in Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province. It was noted that the occurrence of arteriosclerosis of the fundus aculi was significantly high (P < 0.05-0.01), the detection of serum cholesterol (CHO) was remarkably increased (P < 0.01), and the level of IgM was also elevated. However, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) remained at a low level. The effect of taking rare earth elements (REE) could be direct or indirect, thus causing an increase in cholesterol and interfering with the synthesis of high-density lipoprotein. Furthermore, rare earth could also cause immunogenic damage to the vascular wall. All of these could facilitate the formation of arteriosclerosis.
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179
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[Study of skeletal and occlusal pattern]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1996; 31:207-9. [PMID: 9592269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to analyze the characteristics of craniofacial structure in normal occlusion and to assess the relationship between the skeletal and occlusal pattern. Fifty-seven subjects with normal occlusion were divided into three skeletal groups according to Hauston measurement. One hundred and sixty-six subjects with Angle's malocclusion were also classified according to ANB values. The result showed that there were significant differences in the values of NA-APg, AB-NPg, SNA, SNB, U1-NA, L1-NB among the three groups. These data indicate that skeletal pattern does not coincide with occlusion. Different skeletal pattern exists even in normal occlusion. In diagnosis and treatment planning, the data of skeletal pattern should be referred.
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180
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Urinary pyridinoline cross-links in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 57:1505-8. [PMID: 8533783 PMCID: PMC1801424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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181
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Changes in p53 and cyclin D1 protein levels and cell proliferation in different stages of human esophageal and gastric-cardia carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 1994; 59:514-9. [PMID: 7960222 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910590414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantify the changes in p53 and cyclin D1 protein levels in different stages of human esophageal and gastric cardia carcinogenesis in a high-risk population in Henan, China. Immunoreactivity of p53, cyclin D1 and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was observed in the cell nuclei of esophageal and gastric cardia biopsies. The number of p53-immunostaining-positive cells was low in normal epithelia, slightly increased in basal-cell hyperplasia (BCH), markedly increased in dysplasia (DYS) (10-fold), and further increased in squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) (40-fold). This pattern of change was similar to that of cell proliferation as indicated by PCNA immunostaining. On the other hand, the number of cyclin D1-immunostaining-positive cells did not increase from BCH to DYS, although a slight increase from DYS to SCC was noted. In the gastric cardia, again, the pattern of change of p53-positive cells in different stages of lesions paralleled the pattern of cell proliferation. The number of p53-positive cells was very low, much lower than that of PCNA-positive cells, in normal, chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG); therefore, the increase of p53-positive cells from CAG to DYS was more dramatic (100-fold). From DYS to adenocarcinoma (AC), the p53-positive and the PCNA-positive cells increased 4-fold. On the other hand, the number of cyclin D1-positive cells did not increase in pre-cancerous lesions, but increased slightly in AC. This study demonstrates that p53 protein accumulation increased with the progression of pre-cancerous lesions, especially in the genesis of dysplasia, both in the esophagus and in the gastric cardia. Our approach of quantitative immunohistochemistry sheds light on the mechanisms of genesis of esophageal and gastric-cardia cancers, which frequently occur together in many high-incidence areas.
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182
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Abstract
Bone resorption shows a circadian rhythm in human subjects, but the physiological mechanisms underlying this rhythm are unknown. We compared the circadian rhythm of bone collagen degradation in 18 premenopausal women before and after oral calcium supplementation (1000 mg calcium for 14 days). Subjects were randomized to receive calcium at either 0800 h or 2300 h. Continuous 48-h urine collections and 1 day of 4-h urine collections were obtained before and after the 14-day supplementation period. We measured urinary deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) and the cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) as biochemical markers of bone resorption. There was a significant effect of time of day on excretion of Dpd and NTx (analysis of variance, P < 0.001) with peak excretion between 0300-0700 h and a nadir between 1500-1900 h. The mean amplitude (peak to trough) was similar for Dpd and NTx (70.3% and 63.3%, respectively). Evening calcium supplementation resulted in marked suppression of the nocturnal increase in Dpd and NTx and reversed the usual nocturnal increase in the level of parathyroid hormone. In contrast, morning calcium supplementation had no significant effect on the circadian rhythm of Dpd or NTx. Evening calcium supplementation suppressed overall daily excretion of Dpd by 20.1% (P = 0.03) and NTx by 18.1% (P = 0.03). Morning calcium supplementation had no significant effect on overall daily excretion of either Dpd or NTx. We conclude that evening calcium supplementation suppresses the circadian rhythm of bone resorption. The daily rhythm of PTH secretion or calcium intake is likely to be an important determinant of this rhythm. Experimental protocols designed to investigate the effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral density should take the timing of supplementation into account.
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Monitoring bone resorption in early postmenopausal women by an immunoassay for cross-linked collagen peptides in urine. J Bone Miner Res 1994; 9:135-42. [PMID: 8140926 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650090202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A new immunoassay using an ELISA approach for measuring urinary excretion of cross-linked N-telopeptides of type 1 collagen was evaluated as a specific measure of bone resorption. The assay was applied to 65 early postmenopausal women who participated in a placebo-controlled trial of the aminobisphosphonate, alendronate sodium. Eight blood and urine samples were collected over a 9 month interval. Baseline cross-linked peptide excretion varied from 26 to 216 pmol BCE (bone collagen/mumol Cr. Within-subject variability (CV) for cross-linked peptide excretion was 20.2% over the 9 months in placebo-treated subjects, substantially less than that observed for other biochemical markers of bone resorption: 45, 53, and 63% for fasting urinary calcium and hydroxyproline and 24 h urinary lysylpyridinoline (HPLC assay), respectively. Baseline cross-linked peptide excretion correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with baseline total urine lysylpyridinoline and serum osteocalcin, but not with the other biochemical markers. Initial peptide excretion also correlated inversely with lumbar spine bone mineral density at entry (r = -0.26, p < 0.05). Treatment for 6 weeks with alendronate produced a dose-dependent suppression of cross-linked peptide excretion (0 +/- 8, 29 +/- 6, 56 +/- 5, and 64 +/- 3% for 0, 5, 20, and 40 mg, respectively, p < 0.01 versus placebo for treatment effect), with a return toward pretreatment values during follow-up. Measurement of the urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen by this new ELISA approach appears promising as a simple and reliable method to assess overall bone resorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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[Giant mandibular second molar: Report of one case]. SHANGHAI KOU QIANG YI XUE = SHANGHAI JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1993; 2:66. [PMID: 15159845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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185
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MATERIAL BALANCING APPLIED TO THE PREDICTION OF GLUTAMIC ACID PRODUCTION AND CELL MASS FORMATION. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1981. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb14186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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