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Anand P, Anand PB, Prabhakar R, Rajvikram N, Rajakumar P, Atali VR, Saravanan R. Immediate and Delayed Effects of Diode Laser on Debonding of Ceramic Brackets: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:275-81. [PMID: 27340160 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study is to evaluate the immediate and delayed effects of diode laser on debonding of ceramic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 human extracted premolar teeth were randomly assigned to three different treatment groups. All teeth were bonded with adhesive precoated (APC) ceramic brackets (3M Unitek). A total of 20 teeth were debonded without lasing (group 1), 20 immediately after lasing (group 2), and 20 1 hour after lasing (group 3). For the lasing groups (groups 2 and 3), access cavity was prepared on the occlusal surface to a 2 mm diameter. A transbond plus self-etching primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and APC PLUS clarity advanced brackets (3M, Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were used. The shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were measured. The internal pulpal wall temperature was noted for the laser groups. RESULTS The mean SBS was 15.4, 11.57, and 11.79 MPa for groups 1 to 3 respectively. Post hoc test showed significant difference (p < 0.001) between the control group and the lased groups. For groups 2 and 3, the rise in temperature was at an average of 1.4 and 1.3°C respectively. CONCLUSION The SBS of APC brackets decreased by 33.3% on application of diode laser without increasing the internal pulp chamber wall temperature significantly. Shear bond strength remains more or less the same whether debonding is done immediately after lasing or 1 hour after lasing. Diode lasers increased the ARI scores and thus decreased the risk of enamel fracture.
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Kumar RV, Rajvikram N, Rajakumar P, Saravanan R, Deepak VA, Vijaykumar V. An Accurate Methodology to detect Leaching of Nickel and Chromium Ions in the Initial Phase of Orthodontic Treatment: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:205-10. [PMID: 27207199 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the release of nickel and chromium ions in human saliva during fixed orthodontic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten patients with Angle's Class-I malocclusion with bimaxillary protrusion without any metal restorations or crowns and with all the permanent teeth were selected. Five male patients and five female patients in the age group range of 14 to 23 years were scheduled for orthodontic treatment with first premolar extraction. Saliva samples were collected in three stages: sample 1, before orthodontic treatment; sample 2, after 10 days of bonding sample; and sample 3, after 1 month of bonding. The samples were analyzed for the following metals nickel and chromium using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). RESULTS The levels of nickel and chromium were statistically significant, while nickel showed a gradual increase in the first 10 days and a decline thereafter. Chromium showed a gradual increase and was statistically significant on the 30th day. CONCLUSION There was greatest release of ions during the first 10 days and a gradual decline thereafter. Control group had traces of nickel and chromium. While comparing levels of nickel in saliva, there was a significant rise from baseline to 10th and 30th-day sample, which was statistically significant. While comparing 10th day to that of 30th day, there was no statistical significance. The levels of chromium ion in the saliva were more in 30th day, and when comparing 10th-day sample with 30th day, there was statistical significance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Nickel and chromium levels were well within the permissible levels. However, some hypersensitive individuals may be allergic to this minimal permissible level.
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Gomathy Narayanan I, Saravanan R, Bharathselvi M, Biswas J, Sulochana KN. Localization of Human Copper Transporter 1 in the Eye and its Role in Eales Disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016; 24:678-683. [PMID: 26807780 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2015.1071404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element; however excess is toxic due to the pro-oxidant activity. Increased intracellular Cu levels in vitreous and monocyte were reported in Eales disease (ED) previously. Copper transporter1 (CTR1) maintains copper homeostasis and hence, we studied the presence of CTR1 in ocular tissues and its role in ED. METHODS Real-time PCR, ELISA and Western blot experiments were performed in donor eyeballs tissues and PBMCs isolated from controls and ED. Immunostaining were performed for CTR1 from donor eyeballs and one ED case. RESULTS CTR1 protein was expressed in all ocular tissues. PBMCs showed a three-fold increase in CTR1 protein in ED when compared with controls. Retinal sections from ED patients also revealed increased CTR1 protein expression in retinal tissues, compared with control. CONCLUSIONS CTR1 was significantly increased in ED when compared with controls, indicating its considerable role in the ED pathology.
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Balaji S, Kapilan N, Saravanan R. Influence of Propyl Gallate Antioxidant on Performance and Emissions of a CI Fuelled with Neem Oil Biodiesel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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80
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Debnath A, Saravanan R, Datta J. Farmers’ Satisfaction with the Public Agricultural Extension Services in Tripura State of North-East India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5958/2321-5771.2016.00016.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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81
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Dar SH, Qureshi S, Palanivelu M, Muthu S, Mehrotra S, Jan MH, Chaudhary GR, Kumar H, Saravanan R, Narayanan K. Evaluating a murine model of endometritis using uterine isolates of Escherichia coli from postpartum buffalo. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2016; 17:171-176. [PMID: 27822246 PMCID: PMC5090150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ascending infection of the uterus with Gram-negative bacteria is responsible for postpartum endometritis in cattle and buffalo and can adversely affect fertility. Development of a laboratory animal model for bovine endometritis would facilitate the understanding of the pathogenesis as it is difficult to conduct controlled experimentation in the native host. In the present study, 30 virgin Swiss Albino mice (5-8 weeks old) were used to evaluate the pathogenic potential of Escherichia coli, isolated from the normally calved postpartum buffalo to induce endometritis. Mice in the diestrus phase of the estrous cycle were randomly allotted to one of the following four intravaginal inoculation (100 μL) treatments: EG (experimental group)-1: sterile normal saline; EG-2, -3 and -4: E. coli@ 1.5 × 104, 105 and 106 CFU/ml, respectively. The animals were then scarified 36 h post-inoculation to study gross and microscopical lesions. Gross changes were confined to EG-4. Acute endometritis was recorded in 50% of the EG-3 and 66.7% of the EG-4. The rate of acute endometritis development was significantly higher in EG-4 (P<0.05) as compared to the other groups. The present study demonstrated that the animal model for bubaline endometritis can be developed in mice by intravaginal inoculation of E.coli@ 1.5 × 106 CFU/ml at diestrus. Ease of intravaginal inoculation, apparent absence of systemic involvement and high infective rate are the advantages of the model over other studies.
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Sampathkumar K, Prabhakar A, Saravanan R, Nayak MA. Misplaced tunneled catheter into azygos vein. Indian J Nephrol 2015; 25:384-5. [PMID: 26664219 PMCID: PMC4663781 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.147767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ma X, Chang P, Saravanan R, Montuoro R, Hsieh JS, Wu D, Lin X, Wu L, Jing Z. Distant Influence of Kuroshio Eddies on North Pacific Weather Patterns? Sci Rep 2015; 5:17785. [PMID: 26635077 PMCID: PMC4669523 DOI: 10.1038/srep17785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution satellite measurements of surface winds and sea-surface temperature (SST) reveal strong coupling between meso-scale ocean eddies and near-surface atmospheric flow over eddy-rich oceanic regions, such as the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream, highlighting the importance of meso-scale oceanic features in forcing the atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL). Here, we present high-resolution regional climate modeling results, supported by observational analyses, demonstrating that meso-scale SST variability, largely confined in the Kuroshio-Oyashio confluence region (KOCR), can further exert a significant distant influence on winter rainfall variability along the U.S. Northern Pacific coast. The presence of meso-scale SST anomalies enhances the diabatic conversion of latent heat energy to transient eddy energy, intensifying winter cyclogenesis via moist baroclinic instability, which in turn leads to an equivalent barotropic downstream anticyclone anomaly with reduced rainfall. The finding points to the potential of improving forecasts of extratropical winter cyclones and storm systems and projections of their response to future climate change, which are known to have major social and economic impacts, by improving the representation of ocean eddy–atmosphere interaction in forecast and climate models.
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Saravanan R, Gracia F, Khan MM, Poornima V, Gupta VK, Narayanan V, Stephen A. ZnO/CdO nanocomposites for textile effluent degradation and electrochemical detection. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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85
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Saravanan R, Ramamoorthy M, Sadiq IS, Shanmuganathan K, Gopakumar G. A note on the obligate symbiotic association between crab Zebrida adamsii White, 1847 (Decapoda: Pilumnidae) and Flower Urchin Toxopneustes pileolus (Lamarck, 1816) (Camarodonta: Toxopneustidae) from the Gulf of Mannar, India. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2015. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.o3878.7726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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86
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Ramachandran V, Saravanan R. Glucose uptake through translocation and activation of GLUT4 in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by asiatic acid in diabetic rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:884-93. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114561663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the in vivo effect and the mechanism of asiatic acid (AA) on glucose uptake in an insulin target skeletal muscle. Diabetic rats showed significantly increased levels of plasma glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and lipid hydroperoxides, decreased levels of insulin and antioxidants, and impairment in insulin-signaling proteins such as insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1/2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) proteins. Oral treatment with AA (20 mg/kg body weight) showed near-normalized levels of plasma glucose, lipid peroxidation products, and antioxidants and improved insulin, IR, IRS-1/2, PI3K, Akt, and GLUT4 proteins. These findings suggest that AA improves glucose response by increasing GLUT4 in skeletal muscle through Akt and antioxidant defense in plasma and it also improves glucose homeostasis.
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Saravanan R, Mansoob Khan M, Gupta VK, Mosquera E, Gracia F, Narayanan V, Stephen A. ZnO/Ag/CdO nanocomposite for visible light-induced photocatalytic degradation of industrial textile effluents. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 452:126-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aravind S, Kamble NM, Gaikwad SS, Shukla SK, Saravanan R, Dey S, Mohan CM. Protective effects of recombinant glycoprotein D based prime boost approach against duck enteritis virus in mice model. Microb Pathog 2015; 88:78-86. [PMID: 26188265 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Duck virus enteritis, also known as duck plague, is an acute herpes viral infection of ducks caused by duck enteritis virus (DEV). The method of repeated immunization with a live attenuated vaccine has been used for the prevention and control of duck enteritis virus (DEV). However, the incidence of the disease in vaccinated flocks and latency reactivation are the major constraints in the present vaccination programme. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy afforded by intramuscular inoculation of plasmid DNA encoding DEV glycoprotein D (pCDNA-gD) followed by DEV gD expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisia (rgD) was assessed in a murine model. Compared with mice inoculated with DNA (pCDNA-gD) or protein (rgD) only, mice inoculated with the combination of gD DNA and protein had enhanced ELISA antibody titers to DEV and had accelerated clearance of virus following challenge infection. Furthermore, the highest levels of lymphocyte proliferation response, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-γ production were induced following priming with the DNA vaccine and boosting with the rgD protein. For instance, the specially designed recombinant DEV vector vaccine would be the best choice to use in ducks. It offers an excellent solution to the low vaccination coverage rate in ducks. We expect that the application of this novel vaccine in the near future will greatly decrease the virus load in the environment and reduce outbreaks of DEV in ducks.
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Mathew R, Acharya SS, Prabhakar R, Karthikeyan MK, Saravanan R, Rajvikram N. Comparison of individual canine retraction using HYCON device and nickel titanium closed coil spring: In vivo study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/0301-5742.165557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Saravanan R, Khan MM, Gupta VK, Mosquera E, Gracia F, Narayanan V, Stephen A. ZnO/Ag/Mn2O3 nanocomposite for visible light-induced industrial textile effluent degradation, uric acid and ascorbic acid sensing and antimicrobial activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02557e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ternary ZnO/Ag/Mn2O3 nanocomposite as photocatalyst, sensing and antimicrobial material.
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Saravanan R, Ravikumar L. The Use of New Chemically Modified Cellulose for Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption and Antimicrobial Activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2015.76042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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92
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Sumathy S, Saravanan R. A swarm intelligence-based approach for addressing network partitioning constraints in mobile ad hoc networks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1504/ijcnds.2015.067656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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93
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Saravanan R, Das D, De S, Panneerselvam S. Effect of season and parity on somatic cell count across zebu and crossbred cattle population. INDIAN J ANIM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00127.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Karthik R, Saravanan R, Ebenezar KK, Sivamalai T. Isolation, purification, and characterization of avian antimicrobial glycopeptide from the posterior salivary gland of Sepia pharaonis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1507-18. [PMID: 25410800 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A proteinaceous glycopeptide was isolated from the posterior salivary gland (PSG) of Sepia pharaonis by gel (Sephadex G-100) filtration chromatography and purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Among the collected fractions, fraction 12 showed a retention time (RT) of 31 min. The total protein and neutral sugar contents of the purified glycopeptide were recorded as 68.14 and 2.95 mg, respectively. The molecular weight of the purified glycopeptide was found to be ~50 kDa. The infrared (IR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of peptide and secondary structure in the purified glycopeptide. The antibacterial activity of the purified glycopeptide against avian bacterial strains was also determined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the purified glycopeptide revealed the likely compounds for the antibacterial activity such as 22, 23-dibromostigmasterol acetate, 3-methyl 2-(2-oxypropyl) furan, and 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-5A-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexene. These three compounds found in the purified glycopeptide could be responsible for the antibacterial activity against the avian pathogens. The results of this study suggest that the purified glycopeptide from the PSG of S. pharaonis could be an antibacterial agent against avian bacterial pathogens.
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Karuppiah M, Saravanan R. A secure remote user mutual authentication scheme using smart cards. JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SECURITY AND APPLICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jisa.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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96
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Akram Q, Knight S, Saravanan R. Bilateral scalp necrosis as a rare but devastating complication of giant cell arteritis. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 34:185-7. [PMID: 25318611 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a medium to large vessel vasculitis of unknown aetiology. Commonly, it affects the temporal arteries and is known as temporal arteritis. It has an association with polymyalgia rheumatica and can result in severe complications such as loss of vision and rarely scalp necrosis. There are approximately 100 cases of scalp necrosis in patients with GCA published in the literature to date. We report a case of a man who presented with a 4-week history of bilateral scalp necrosis associated with headache, jaw claudication, temporal artery tenderness, and raised inflammatory markers. He did not have any visual loss. A diagnosis of GCA was made and he was started on high-dose steroids immediately. The scalp lesions did improve and his symptoms resolved without any visual loss but, sadly he died due to severe sepsis. This case report is important as it describes a rare but severe complication of a common large vessel vasculitis seen by both primary care physicians and rheumatologists. Prompt recognition and early treatment by the physician are crucial to the patient to prevent visual loss or a fatal stroke. It also highlights complications associated with steroids which are the mainstay of treatment for this condition.
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Saravanan R, Gupta V, Mosquera E, Gracia F. Preparation and characterization of V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite system for photocatalytic application. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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98
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Thiruvenkadan AK, Jayakumar V, Kathiravan P, Saravanan R. Genetic architecture and bottleneck analyses of Salem Black goat breed based on microsatellite markers. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.733-737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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99
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Prabhakar R, Rajakumar P, Karthikeyan MK, Saravanan R, Vikram NR, Reddy A. A hard tissue cephalometric comparative study between hand tracing and computerized tracing. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2014; 6:S101-6. [PMID: 25210347 PMCID: PMC4157243 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.137401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To analyze and compare the angular and linear hard tissue cephalometric measurements using hand-tracing and computerized tracings with Nemoceph and Dolphin software systems. Subjects and Methods: A total of 30 cephalograms were randomly chosen for study with the following criteria, cephalograms of patients with good contrast, no distortion, and minimal radiographic artifacts were considered using the digital method (Kodak 8000 C) with 12 angular and nine linear parameters selected for the study. Comparisons were determined by post-hoc test using Tukey HSD method. The N-Par tests were performed using Kruskal-Walli's method. Statistical Analysis Used: ANOVA and post-hoc. Results: The results of this study show that there is no significant difference in the angular and linear measurements recorded. The P values were significant at 0.05 levels for two parameters, Co-A and Co-Gn with the hand-tracing method. This was significant in ANOVA and post-hoc test by Tukey HSD method. Conclusions: This study of comparison provides support for transition from digital hand to computerized tracing methodology. In fact, digital computerized tracings were easier and less time consuming, with the same reliability irrespective of each method of tracing.
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Prabhakar RR, Saravanan R, Karthikeyan MK, Vishnuchandran C, Sudeepthi. Prevalence of malocclusion and need for early orthodontic treatment in children. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC60-1. [PMID: 24995247 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8604.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of functional appliances and orthopedic appliances the elimination and correction of skeletal and dental discrepancies has been much reduced. Most orthodontists agree that elimination of oral habits and orthopaedic treatment of class 3 malocclusion and posterior cross bites deserve treatment at an early age. Early treatment was proposed along the lines of "catch them in the young", and "you see it, you treat it" is the main ideology of Early Orthodonticc Treatment (EOT). Furthermore, the majority of children have habits driving the malocclusion. Mouth breathing, tongue thrusting and incorrect swallowing patterns are all known causes of malocclusion and poor facial growth. AIMS To evaluate the prevalence of dental feature that might result in malocclusion and need for early orthodontic treatment. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Groups of 532 school going children were selected and complete case history was taken and were categorized based on the type of malocclusions, dental features that can predetermine need for early orthodontic treatment. Statistical analysis used. RESULTS The results shows the increase in prevalence of malocclusion and the dental features that gives clues for an orthodontist to frame up his treatment modalities not just for corrective orthodontics but for also preventive and interceptive orthodontics. CONCLUSION Angle's Class I malocclusion is most commonly seen malocclusion followed by class II division 1 malocclusion followed by Angles class II division 2 malocclusion. In angle's class I malocclusion, incidence of crowding is more followed by proclination of anterior teeth. There is no significant difference between incidence of malocclusion in males and females. The children who needed immediate orthodontic care were more than the children who doesn't need an orthodontic treatment. Need for increase of awareness programs is required in order to educate the people about the early orthodontic treatment.
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