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Abstract
Nutritional assessment ideally should be used to determine the nutritional requirements of a patient taking into account his nutritional and metabolic status. It should also be used to monitor a patient's progress and any alteration in requirements. In addition, nutritional assessment should be able to identify groups of patients at risk from the effects of malnutrition. Finally, the parameters used for assessment should be simple, yet effective and readily available to any hospital. A computer program designed by the Nutrition Support Service, Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia and in use for the past 2 years has been evaluated and found to fulfil these criteria.
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Kumar S, Marks RS, Richardson R, Quevedo F, Croghan GA, Markovic SN, Qin R, Tan AD, Molina JR, Erlichman CE, Adjei AA. A phase I study of the raf kinase/VEGF-R inhibitor sorafenib in combination with bortezomib in patients with advanced malignancy. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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78
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Gibbons R, Cole B, Richardson R, Correa R, Brannen G, Mason J, Taylor W, Hafermann M. Adjuvante Strahlentherapie des lokal metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1061642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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79
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Richards DA, Lovell K, Gilbody S, Gask L, Torgerson D, Barkham M, Bland M, Bower P, Lankshear AJ, Simpson A, Fletcher J, Escott D, Hennessy S, Richardson R. Collaborative care for depression in UK primary care: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 2008; 38:279-287. [PMID: 17803837 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291707001365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collaborative care is an effective intervention for depression which includes both organizational and patient-level intervention components. The effect in the UK is unknown, as is whether cluster- or patient-randomization would be the most appropriate design for a Phase III clinical trial. METHOD We undertook a Phase II patient-level randomized controlled trial in primary care, nested within a cluster-randomized trial. Depressed participants were randomized to 'collaborative care' - case manager-coordinated medication support and brief psychological treatment, enhanced specialist and GP communication - or a usual care control. The primary outcome was symptoms of depression (PHQ-9). RESULTS We recruited 114 participants, 41 to the intervention group, 38 to the patient randomized control group and 35 to the cluster-randomized control group. For the intervention compared to the cluster control the PHQ-9 effect size was 0.63 (95% CI 0.18-1.07). There was evidence of substantial contamination between intervention and patient-randomized control participants with less difference between the intervention group and patient-randomized control group (-2.99, 95% CI -7.56 to 1.58, p=0.186) than between the intervention and cluster-randomized control group (-4.64, 95% CI -7.93 to -1.35, p=0.008). The intra-class correlation coefficient for our primary outcome was 0.06 (95% CI 0.00-0.32). CONCLUSIONS Collaborative care is a potentially powerful organizational intervention for improving depression treatment in UK primary care, the effect of which is probably partly mediated through the organizational aspects of the intervention. A large Phase III cluster-randomized trial is required to provide the most methodologically accurate test of these initial encouraging findings.
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Battistella M, Hamandi B, Pui C, Oreopoulos D, Richardson R, Jassal SV. Clinical remission as measured by a decrease in intact parathyroid hormone levels after administration of cinacalcet in patients with severe hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 23:773-4. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfm721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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81
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Boeken Kruger A, Richardson R, Lock T, Groenewegen G, Bosch R. POS-03.53: Complications and survival in patients with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) after chemotherapy for testicular cancer in a medium volume referral centre. Urology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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82
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Richardson R, Boeken Kruger A, Stapper G, Lock M, Bosch J. MP-21.10: The value of repeat chest x-ray in the follow-up of stage one testicular germ cell tumours. Urology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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83
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Sood MM, Richardson R. Lactate and the osmolar gap. CMAJ 2007. [DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.1070073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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84
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Culmer P, Jackson A, Levesley MC, Savage J, Richardson R, Cozens JA, Bhakta BB. An admittance control scheme for a robotic upper- limb stroke rehabilitation system. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2005:5081-4. [PMID: 17281389 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1615619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a control scheme for a dual robot upper-limb stroke rehabilitation system. A model of the human arm is outlined and used to formulate an admittance controller operating in human upper-limb joint space. Initial results are provided together with a discrussion of future work.
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Morris RM, Sowell S, Barofsky D, Zinder S, Richardson R. Transcription and mass-spectroscopic proteomic studies of electron transport oxidoreductases in Dehalococcoides ethenogenes. Environ Microbiol 2007; 8:1499-509. [PMID: 16913910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Besides 19 potential reductive dehalogenase genes, the genome of Dehalococcoides ethenogenes strain 195 contains over 60 genes annotated as encoding oxidoreductases, including five hydrogenase complexes and a formate dehydrogenase (Fdh). Using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we found that genes encoding a periplasmic Hup hydrogenase and the Fdh were the most highly expressed in batch-grown pure cultures, in which the H2 partial pressure was >0.1 atm, and in butyrate/tetrachloroethene-mixed cultures, in which H2 partial pressures were 10(-4)-10(-5) atm. Shotgun electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify multiple peptides in pure culture membrane-enriched fractions matching several highly expressed respiratory enzymes, including three hydrogenases, two reductive dehalogenases, Fdh and DET1407, a 105.5-kDa protein we propose to be part of an S-layer cell wall. Both transcript and mass spectrometric approaches indicated that the putative Fdh was an important oxidoreductase in these cells; nevertheless, D. ethenogenes cultures could not use formate as an electron donor for reductive dechlorination. Analysis of the gene encoding the large subunit of Fdh indicated that while it was related to other Fdh proteins, its sequence encodes serine rather than cysteine or selenocysteine at a critical position, casting doubt on its function. Overall, genomic and proteomic approaches have provided novel insights into the metabolism of this difficult to culture organism.
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86
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Richardson R. IMMUNITY IN DIABETES: INFLUENCE OF DIABETES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES IN THE BLOOD. J Clin Invest 2006; 12:1143-9. [PMID: 16694189 PMCID: PMC435971 DOI: 10.1172/jci100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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87
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Richardson R. IMMUNITY IN DIABETES. II. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITIONAL STATE AND OF BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL IN INFLUENCING DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGGLUTININ AFTER TYPHOID VACCINE. J Clin Invest 2006; 14:389-92. [PMID: 16694312 PMCID: PMC424693 DOI: 10.1172/jci100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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88
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Richardson R, Case AL. FACTORS DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON BLOOD SUGAR IN THE DIABETIC. J Clin Invest 2006; 13:949-61. [PMID: 16694261 PMCID: PMC436041 DOI: 10.1172/jci100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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89
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Richardson R. IMMUNITY IN DIABETES. III. RELATION OF TISSUE GLYCOGEN AND BLOOD CHEMISTRY TO BACTERIAL DISSEMINATION, ANTIBODY FORMATION AND SURVIVAL AFTER INFECTION IN DIABETES. J Clin Invest 2006; 19:239-50. [PMID: 16694730 PMCID: PMC434958 DOI: 10.1172/jci101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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90
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Richardson R. The long shadow of cerebral localization. J R Soc Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1258/jrsm.99.3.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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91
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Schwienbacher I, Schnitzler HU, Westbrook RF, Richardson R, Fendt M. Carbachol injections into the nucleus accumbens disrupt acquisition and expression of fear-potentiated startle and freezing in rats. Neuroscience 2006; 140:769-78. [PMID: 16581194 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens is involved in different types of emotional learning, ranging from appetitive instrumental learning to Pavlovian fear conditioning. In previous studies, we found that temporary inactivation of the nucleus accumbens blocked both the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear. This was not due to altered dopaminergic activity as we have also found that intra-nucleus accumbens infusions of the dopamine agonist amphetamine do not affect either the acquisition or the expression of conditioned fear. Therefore, in the present study we examined whether cholinergic activity in the nucleus accumbens is involved in the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear. Specifically, the effect of intra-nucleus accumbens infusions of the unselective cholinergic agonist carbachol on the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear was assessed. Across several experiments, we measured fear to visual and acoustic conditioned stimuli and to the experimental context. Further, two different measures of conditioned fear were recorded: fear potentiation of startle and freezing. Intra-nucleus accumbens carbachol infusions disrupted acquisition as well as expression of conditioned fear, regardless of the modality of the fear-eliciting stimulus or of the specific measure of conditioned fear. This disruption of conditioned fear was not simply a by-product of enhanced motor activity which also occurred after intra-nucleus accumbens carbachol infusions. Interestingly, despite the substantial effect of intra-nucleus accumbens carbachol on expression of conditioned fear, the results of the final experiment suggest that these rats extinguish similarly to control rats. Taken together, the present results indicate that acetylcholine within the nucleus accumbens is important for the learning and retrieval of conditioned fear.
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Brott D, Gould S, Jones H, Schofield J, Prior H, Valentin JP, Bjurstrom S, Kenne K, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Katein A, Foster-Brown L, Betton G, Richardson R, Evans G, Louden C. Biomarkers of drug-induced vascular injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 207:441-5. [PMID: 15982681 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Revised: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In pre-clinical safety studies, drug-induced vascular injury is an issue of concern because there are no obvious diagnostic markers for pre-clinical or clinical monitoring and there is an intellectual gap in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this lesion. While vasodilatation and increased shear stress appear to play a role, the exact mechanism(s) of injury to the primary targets, smooth muscle and endothelial cells are unknown. However, evaluation of novel markers for potential clinical monitoring with a mechanistic underpinning would add value in risk assessment and management. This mini review focuses on the progress to identify diagnostic markers of drug-induced vascular injury. Von Willebrand factor (vWF), released upon perturbation of endothelial cells, is transiently increased in plasma prior to morphological evidence of damage in dogs or rats treated with vascular toxicants. Therefore, vWF might be a predictive biomarker of vascular injury. However, vWF is not an appropriate biomarker of lesion progression or severity since levels return to baseline values when there is morphological evidence of injury. A potential mechanistically linked biomarker of vascular injury is caveolin-1. Expression of this protein, localized primarily to smooth muscle and endothelial cells, decreases with the onset of vascular damage. Since vascular injury involves multiple mediators and cell types, evaluation of a panel rather than a single biomarker may be more useful in monitoring early and severe progressive vascular injury.
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93
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Kumar M, Tung G, Richardson R, Jenny C, Brown W. Comparison of Accidental and Nonaccidental Traumatic Head Injury in Children on Noncontrast Computed Tomography. Ann Emerg Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.06.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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94
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Collins R, Flynn A, Melville A, Richardson R, Eastwood A. Effective health care: management of head and neck cancers. Qual Saf Health Care 2005; 14:144-8. [PMID: 15805462 PMCID: PMC1743991 DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2005.013961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The management of head and neck cancer, published in a recent issue of Effective Health Care, is reviewed.
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95
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Rickard GD, Richardson R, Johnson T, McColl D, Hooper L. Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries. Aust Dent J 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2004.tb00075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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96
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Gordon MS, Manola J, Fairclough D, Cella D, Richardson R, Sosman J, Kasimis B, Dutcher JP, Wilding G. Low dose interferon-α2b (IFN) + thalidomide (T) in patients (pts) with previously untreated renal cell cancer (RCC). Improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) but not quality of life (QoL) or overall survival (OS). A phase III study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E2898). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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97
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Wai Y, Tsui V, Peng Z, Richardson R, Oreopoulos D, Tarlo SM. Anaphylaxis from topical bovine thrombin (Thrombostat) during haemodialysis and evaluation of sensitization among a dialysis population. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 33:1730-4. [PMID: 14656362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2003.01806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical bovine thrombin (TBT) is used as a topical haemostatic agent in haemodialysis (HD) units and for surgical procedures. It has caused allergic reactions during surgical procedures, but no previous cases have been reported with dialysis usage. OBJECTIVE A case is reported of anaphylaxis due to TBT in an HD patient. This led to a determination of whether HD patients exposed to TBT develop specific IgE and IgG antibodies to TBT and an assessment of the frequency of allergic symptoms in HD patients as compared with peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 100 HD and 52 PD patients was performed using a questionnaire to determine allergic symptoms. An ELISA assay was developed to determine TBT-specific IgE and IgG serum antibodies among HD patients. HD patients without TBT exposure and age- and gender-matched blood donors served as controls. RESULTS Allergic symptoms temporally related to dialysis reported by a questionnaire were significantly more frequent for HD patients than for PD patients: rhinoconjuctivitis 11% vs. 2%, asthma symptoms 20% vs. 6%, urticaria 23% vs. 8% (P values <0.05). Positive TBT-specific IgE and IgG antibodies were more frequent among 65 exposed HD patients (28% for IgE and 26% for IgG) than for controls (4% and 9%), P<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate the potential for sensitization and clinical allergic responses to beef thrombin when used for haemostasis in HD and suggest that other haemostatic methods should be considered.
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98
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Richardson R, Donnai D, Meire F, Dixon MJ. Expression of Gja1 correlates with the phenotype observed in oculodentodigital syndrome/type III syndactyly. J Med Genet 2004; 41:60-7. [PMID: 14729836 PMCID: PMC1757241 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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99
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Weaver A, Richardson R, Worlein J, De Waal F, Laudenslager M. Response to social challenge in young bonnet (Macaca radiata) and pigtail (Macaca nemestrina) macaques is related to early maternal experiences. Am J Primatol 2004; 62:243-59. [PMID: 15085530 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Previous experience affects how young primates respond to challenging social situations. The present retrospective study looked at one aspect of early experience, the quality of the mother-infant relationship, to determine its relationship to young bonnet and pigtail macaques' responses to two social challenges: temporary maternal separation at 5-6 months and permanent transfer to an unfamiliar peer group at 16-17 months. Relationship quality was measured quantitatively on 30 macaque mother-infant pairs with the Relationship Quality Index (RQI), the ratio of relative affiliation to relative agonism as previously applied to capuchin monkeys. Infants with high RQI values had amicable mother-infant relationships and infants with low RQI values had agonistic mother-infant relationships. Young monkeys with amicable and agonistic relationships showed consistent differences in behavior before, during, and after each social challenge, supporting the hypothesis that juveniles from amicable mother-infant relationships based on the RQI coped more effectively with social challenges than did juveniles from agonistic mother-infant relationships. Results suggest 1) characteristic amicability or agonism in early mother-offspring macaque relationships has the potential to influence offspring behavior in tense social contexts and 2) the RQI is useful as one of a coordinated suite of methods for studying the development of social skills.
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Rickard GD, Richardson R, Johnson T, McColl D, Hooper L. Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004:CD004153. [PMID: 15266519 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004153.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is a bacterially mediated disease characterised by demineralisation of the tooth surface, which may lead to cavitation, discomfort, pain and eventual tooth loss. Ozone is toxic to certain bacteria in vitro and it has been suggested that delivering ozone into a carious lesion might reduce the number of cariogenic bacteria. This possibly could arrest the progress of the lesion and may, in the presence of fluoride, perhaps allow remineralisation to occur. This may in turn delay or prevent the need for traditional dental conservation by 'drilling and filling'. OBJECTIVES To assess whether ozone is effective in arresting or reversing the progression of dental caries. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 7 November 2003); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2003); MEDLINE and PREMEDLINE (OVID, 1966 to November 2003); EMBASE (OVID, 1980 to November 2003); CINAHL (OVID, 1982 to November 2003); AMED (OVID, 1985 to November 2003). Quintessence was handsearched through 2002 and KaVo were contacted as manufacturers of the HealOzone apparatus for any additional published or unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Inclusion was assessed independently by at least two reviewers. Trials were only included if they met the following criteria: randomisation in a controlled trial; single surface in vivo carious lesion accessible to ozone application; clear allocation concealment; ozone application to the lesions in the intervention group; no such application of ozone in the control group; outcomes measured after at least 6 months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Reviewers independently extracted information in duplicate. A paucity of comparable data did not allow meta-analytic pooling of the included studies. MAIN RESULTS Three trials were included, with a combined total of 432 randomised lesions (137 participants). Forty-two conference papers, abstracts and posters were excluded (from an unknown number of studies). The risk of bias in all studies appeared high. The analyses of all three studies were conducted at the level of the lesion, which is not independent of the person, for this reason pooling of data was not appropriate or attempted. Individual studies showed inconsistent effects of ozone on caries, across different measures of caries progression or regression. Few secondary outcomes were reported, but one trial reported an absence of adverse events. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS Given the high risk of bias in the available studies and lack of consistency between different outcome measures, there is no reliable evidence that application of ozone gas to the surface of decayed teeth stops or reverses the decay process. There is a fundamental need for more evidence of appropriate rigour and quality before the use of ozone can be accepted into mainstream primary dental care or can be considered a viable alternative to current methods for the management and treatment of dental caries.
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