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Bleasdale JKA, Thompson R. An Objective Method of Recording and Comparing the Shapes of Carrot Roots. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00221589.1963.11514074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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77
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Walker TW, Thompson R. Some Observations on the Chemical Changes Effected by the Steam Sterilization of Glasshouse Soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00221589.1950.11513698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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78
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Bleasdale JKA, Thompson R. The Effects of Plant Density and The Pattern of Plant Arrangement on The Yield of Parsnips. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00221589.1966.11514183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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79
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Turner C, Bushby K, Johnston L, Lochmüller H, Riess O, Wirth B, Straub V, Thompson R, van Ommen G. Collaboration in NeurOmics: Enabling effective data-sharing and maximising impact in neuromuscular disease. Neuromuscul Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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80
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Baliga S, Klausner H, Thompson R, Oddo M. 266 Patient Satisfaction While Receiving Emergency Medical Care in Chairs. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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81
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Tilley S, Alghamdi F, Anderson T, Chow K, Choy J, Dyck J, Ezekowitz J, Gibson P, Kaul P, Narine K, Pagano J, Paterson I, Savu A, Thompson R, Becher H. DETERMINATION OF NORMAL LV VOLUME AND EF BY CONTRAST ECHO AND COMPARISON WITH CARDIAC MRI. Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Sciammarella MG, Gerson M, Buxton AE, Bartley SC, Doukky R, Merlino DA, Tandon S, Thompson R, Travin MI. ASNC/SNMMI Model Coverage Policy: Myocardial sympathetic innervation imaging: Iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-mIBG). J Nucl Cardiol 2015; 22:804-11. [PMID: 26163203 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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83
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Merlo CA, Clark SC, Arnaoutakis GJ, Yonan N, Thomas D, Simon A, Thompson R, Thomas H, Orens J, Shah AS. National Healthcare Delivery Systems Influence Lung Transplant Outcomes for Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1948-57. [PMID: 25809545 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Successful lung transplantation (LTx) depends on multiple components of healthcare delivery and performance. Therefore, we conducted an international registry analysis to compare post-LTx outcomes for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients using the UNOS registry in the United States and the National Health Service (NHS) Transplant Registry in the United Kingdom. Patients with CF who underwent lung or heart-lung transplantation in the United States or United Kingdom between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2011 were included. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression evaluated the effect of healthcare system and insurance on mortality after LTx. 2,307 US LTx recipients and 451 individuals in the United Kingdom were included. 894 (38.8%) US LTx recipients had publically funded Medicare/Medicaid insurance. US private insurance and UK patients had improved median predicted survival compared with US Medicare/Medicaid recipients (p < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression, US Medicare/Medicaid insurance was associated with worse survival after LTx (US private: HR0.78,0.68-0.90,p = 0.001 and UK: HR0.63,0.41-0.97, p = 0.03). This study in CF patients is the largest comparison of LTx in two unique health systems. Both the United States and United Kingdom have similar early survival outcomes, suggesting important dissemination of best practices internationally. However, the performance of US public insurance is significantly worse and may put patients at risk.
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Zhang Q, Driewer J, Wang S, Li S, Zheng D, Zhu X, Zhen W, Wahl A, Lin C, Thompson R, Zhou S, Enke C. SU-E-J-46: Evaluation of the Accuracy of a Six Degree of Freedom Robotic Couch Using ConeBeam CT Images of the Isocal Phantom. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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85
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Hashimoto A, Nakata T, Moroi M, Tamaki N, Nishimura T, Hasebe N, Kikuchi K, Salgado C, Jimenez-Heffernan A, Lopez-Martin J, Ramos-Font C, Sanchez De Mora E, Rivera F, Lopez-Aguilar R, Martinez A, Manovel A, Soriano E, Mushtaq S, Pontone G, Bertella E, Conte E, Segurini C, Volpato V, Beltrama V, Pepi M, Annoni A, Andreini D, Leen A, Scholte A, De Graaf M, Van Den Hoogen I, Kharagjitsingh A, Wolterbeek R, Kroft L, Jukema J, Bax J, Piccinelli M, Santana C, Sirineni G, Cooke C, Aguade Bruix S, Keidar Z, Frenkel A, Israel O, Candell Riera J, Garcia E, Sharma A, Bajwa A, Bhatnagar U, Thompson E, Patil S, Thompson R, Khoorshed A, Spencer F, Farncombe T, Tandon V, Singnurkar A, Gulenchyn K, Benito Gonzalez TF, Delgado Sanchez-Gracian C, Trinidad Lopez C, Mera Fernandez D, Villanueva Campos AM, Bustos Fiore A, Alonso Fernandez V, Mayorga Bajo A, Martinez Paz E, Iglesias Garriz I. Moderated Poster Session 1: Sunday 3 May 2015, 10:00-11:00 * Room: Moderated Poster Area. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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86
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Kawchuk G, Fryer J, Jaremko J, Zeng H, Rowe L, Thompson R. Visualization of joint cavitation in realtime. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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87
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Okamoto K, Katagiri A, Rahman M, Thompson R, Bereiter DA. Inhibition of temporomandibular joint input to medullary dorsal horn neurons by 5HT3 receptor antagonist in female rats. Neuroscience 2015; 299:35-44. [PMID: 25913635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Repeated forced swim (FS) conditioning enhances nociceptive responses to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) stimulation in female rats. The basis for FS-induced TMJ hyperalgesia remains unclear. To test the hypothesis that serotonin 3 receptor (5HT3R) mechanisms contribute to enhanced TMJ nociception after FS, ovariectomized female rats were treated with estradiol and subjected to FS for three days. On day 4, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and TMJ-responsive neurons were recorded from superficial and deep laminae at the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical (Vc/C1-2) region and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the masseter muscle. Only Vc/C1-2 neurons activated by intra-TMJ injections of ATP were included for further analysis. Although neurons in both superficial and deep laminae were activated by ATP, only neurons in deep laminae displayed enhanced responses after FS. Local application of the 5HT3R antagonist, ondansetron (OND), at the Vc/C1-2 region reduced the ATP-evoked responses of neurons in superficial and deep laminae and reduced the EMG response in both sham and FS rats. OND also decreased the spontaneous firing rate of neurons in deep laminae and reduced the high-threshold convergent cutaneous receptive field area of neurons in superficial and deep laminae in both sham and FS rats. These results revealed that central application of a 5HT3R antagonist, had widespread effects on the properties of TMJ-responsive neurons at the Vc/C1-2 region and on jaw muscle reflexes under sham and FS conditions. It is concluded that 5HT3R does not play a unique role in mediating stress-induced hyperalgesia related to TMJ nociception.
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Katagiri A, Thompson R, Rahman M, Okamoto K, Bereiter DA. Evidence for TRPA1 involvement in central neural mechanisms in a rat model of dry eye. Neuroscience 2015; 290:204-13. [PMID: 25639234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye (DE) disease is commonly associated with ocular surface inflammation, an unstable tear film and symptoms of irritation. However, little is known about the role of central neural mechanisms in DE. This study used a model for persistent aqueous tear deficiency, exorbital gland removal, to assess the effects of mustard oil (MO), a transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA1) agonist, on eyeblink and eyewipe behavior and Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) in the trigeminal brainstem of male rats. Spontaneous tear secretion was reduced by about 50% and spontaneous eyeblinks were increased more than 100% in DE rats compared to sham rats. MO (0.02-0.2%) caused dose-related increases in eyeblink and forelimb eyewipe behavior in DE and sham rats. Exorbital gland removal alone was sufficient to increase Fos-LI at the ventrolateral pole of trigeminal interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) transition region, but not at more caudal regions of the trigeminal brainstem. Under barbiturate anesthesia ocular surface application of MO (2-20%) produced Fos-LI in the Vi/Vc transition, in the mid-portions of Vc and in the trigeminal caudalis/upper cervical spinal cord (Vc/C1) region that was significantly greater in DE rats than in sham controls. MO caused an increase in Fos-LI ipsilaterally in superficial laminae at the mid-Vc and Vc/C1 regions in a dose-dependent manner. Smaller, but significant, increases in Fos-LI also were seen in the contralateral Vc/C1 region in DE rats. TRPA1 protein levels in trigeminal ganglia from DE rats ipsilateral and contralateral to gland removal were similar. Persistent tear reduction enhanced the behavioral and trigeminal brainstem neural responses to ocular surface stimulation by MO. These results suggested that TRPA1 mechanisms play a significant role in the sensitization of ocular-responsive trigeminal brainstem neurons in this model for tear deficient DE.
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Cole R, Sugiyama T, Thompson R. Neighbourhood socio-economic disparities in active and sedentary transport. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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90
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Whitt J, Barker B, Gibson T, Dunlap C, Thompson R. Odontoameloblastoma: report of a case with 17 year follow-up. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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91
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Egan K, Nabors LB, Olson J, LaRocca R, Thompson Z, Madden M, Thompson R. ED-05 * GENDER AND REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS IN RELATION TO SURVIVAL IN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou253.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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92
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Sharp B, Brownson M, Thompson R, Golden S, Patterson B, Pothof J, Lee A, Westergaard M, Hamedani A. 280 Pardon the Interruption(s): Enabling a Safer Emergency Department Sign-Out. Ann Emerg Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.07.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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93
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Zhang Q, Zheng D, Lei Y, Morgan B, Driewer J, Zhang M, Li S, Zhou S, Zhen W, Thompson R, Wahl A, Lin C, Enke C. A new variable for SRS plan quality evaluation based on normal tissue sparing: the effect of prescription isodose levels. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140362. [PMID: 25226047 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new dosimetric variable, dose-dropping speed (DDS), was proposed and used to evaluate normal tissue sparing among stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plans with different prescription isodose lines. METHODS 40 plans were generated for 8 intracranial SRS cases, prescribing to isodose levels (IDLs) ranging from 50% to 90% in 10% increments. Whilst maintaining similar coverage and conformity, plans at different IDLs were evaluated in terms of normal tissue sparing using the proposed DDS. The DDS was defined as the greater decay coefficient in a double exponential decay fit of the dose drop-off outside the planning target volume (PTV), which models the steep portion of the drop-off. Provided that the prescription dose covers the whole PTV, a greater DDS indicates better normal tissue sparing. RESULTS Among all plans, the DDS was found to be the lowest for the prescription at 90% IDL and the highest for the prescription at 60% or 70%. The beam profile slope change in the penumbra and its field size dependence were explored and given as the physical basis of the findings. CONCLUSION A variable was proposed for SRS plan quality evaluation. Using this measure, prescriptions at 60% and 70% IDLs were found to provide best normal tissue sparing. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE A new variable was proposed based on which normal tissue sparing was quantitatively evaluated, comparing different prescription IDLs in SRS.
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Butler CR, Kim DH, Chow K, Toma M, Thompson R, Mengel M, Haykowsky M, Pearson GJ, Paterson I. Cardiovascular MRI predicts 5-year adverse clinical outcome in heart transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2055-61. [PMID: 25100504 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Imaging recommendations for the follow-up of heart transplant recipients (HTRs) lack evidence justifying their prognostic value. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) can characterize heart structure and function and has prognostic value in many myocardial diseases. We hypothesized that CMRI evaluation of cardiac allografts would predict adverse events. We performed CMRI on 60 HTRs evaluating biventricular size, function and myocardial scar. We performed survival analysis to identify independent predictors of cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization. Participants had a mean age of 51 ± 14 years, mean graft age of 3.5 years (±4) and 75% are male. Median follow-up time was 4.9 years with 22 CV hospitalizations and 7 CV deaths. A multivariable survival analysis of imaging and clinical variables identified myocardial scar (hazard ratio [HR] of 10.7, p = 0.005), right ventricular end- diastolic volume index (RVEDVI; 1.1/mL/m(2) , p = 0.001), graft age (HR = 1.2/year, p = 0.004) and previous allograft rejection (HR = 4.4, p = 0.006) as predictive of time to CV death or hospitalization. CMRI-derived myocardial scar and RVEDVI are independently associated with CV outcomes in HTRs.
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Zhang Q, Zheng D, Lei Y, Driewer J, Morgan B, Zhang M, Li S, Zhou S, Zhen W, Thompson R, Wahl A, Lin C, Enke C. Dosimetric Effect of Prescription Isodose Line Selection on Normal Tissues in SRS and SRT Treatment Planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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96
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Louis P, Abt B, Baker P, Thompson R, May W, Vohra Y. Nanocrystalline Diamond Coating on a Temporomandibular Joint Resurfacing Device: An Animal Model. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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97
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Rahman M, Okamoto K, Thompson R, Bereiter DA. Trigeminal pathways for hypertonic saline- and light-evoked corneal reflexes. Neuroscience 2014; 277:716-23. [PMID: 25086311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cornea-evoked eyeblinks maintain tear film integrity on the ocular surface in response to dryness and protect the eye from real or potential damage. Eyelid movement following electrical stimulation has been well studied in humans and animals; however, the central neural pathways that mediate protective eyeblinks following natural nociceptive signals are less certain. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) transition and subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical cord (Vc/C1) junction regions on orbicularis oculi electromyographic (OOemg) activity evoked by ocular surface application of hypertonic saline or exposure to bright light in urethane anesthetized male rats. The Vi/Vc and Vc/C1 regions are the main sites of termination for trigeminal afferent nerves that supply the ocular surface, while hypertonic saline (saline=0.15-5M) and bright light (light=5k-20klux) selectively activate ocular surface and intraocular trigeminal nerves, respectively, and excite second-order neurons at the Vi/Vc and Vc/C1 regions. Integrated OOemg activity, ipsilateral to the applied stimulus, increased with greater stimulus intensities for both modalities. Lidocaine applied to the ocular surface inhibited OOemg responses to hypertonic saline, but did not alter the response to light. Lidocaine injected into the trigeminal ganglion blocked completely the OOemg responses to hypertonic saline and light indicating a trigeminal afferent origin. Synaptic blockade by cobalt chloride of the Vi/Vc or Vc/C1 region greatly reduced OOemg responses to hypertonic saline and bright light. These data indicate that OOemg activity evoked by natural stimuli known to cause irritation or discomfort in humans depends on a relay in both the Vi/Vc transition and Vc/C1 junction regions.
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Zhang Q, Lei Y, Zheng D, Morgan B, Driewer J, Zhang M, Li S, Zhou S, Zhen W, Thompson R, Lin C, Wahl A, Enke C. SU-E-J-13: A New Variable for Plan Quality Evaluation Based On Normal Tissue Sparing. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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99
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Feldblum PJ, Enosse S, Dubé K, Arnaldo P, Muluana C, Banze R, Nhanala A, Cunaca J, Chen PL, Robb ML, Thompson R. HIV prevalence and incidence in a cohort of women at higher risk for HIV acquisition in Chókwè, southern Mozambique. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97547. [PMID: 24842811 PMCID: PMC4026130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable HIV incidence estimates for Mozambique are limited. We conducted a prospective HIV incidence study as part of a clinical research site development initiative in Chókwè district, Gaza Province, southern Mozambique. Methods Between June 2010 and October 2012, we recruited women at sites where women at higher risk of HIV infection would likely be found. We enrolled and tested 1,429 sexually active women in the screening phase and 479 uninfected women in the prospective phase. Participants were scheduled for 12+ months follow-up, when they underwent face-to-face interviews, HIV counseling and testing, and pregnancy testing. We observed a total of 373.1 woman-years (WY) of follow-up, with mean (median) of 9.4 (9.7) women-months per participant. Results The prevalence of HIV was 29.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.0–31.8%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors that remained significantly associated with prevalent HIV were: older age (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.7), lower educational level (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3–0.7), and using hormonal contraception (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.7) or condoms (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–0.7). We observed an HIV incidence rate of 4.6 per 100 WY (95% CI: 2.7, 7.3). The HIV incidence was 4.8 per 100 WY (95% CI: 2.5, 8.3) in women aged 18–24 years, 4.5 per 100 WY (95% CI: 1.2, 11.4) in women aged 25–29 years and 3.2 per 100 WY (95% CI: 0.1, 18.0) in the 30–35 years stratum. None of the demographic factors or time-varying behavioral factors examined was significantly associated with incident HIV infection in bivariable analysis at p≤0.10. Conclusions We found a high HIV incidence among sexually active young women in Chókwè, Mozambique. HIV prevention programs should be strengthened in the area, with more comprehensive reproductive health services, regular HIV testing, condom promotion, and messaging about multiple sexual partners.
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Kurian SM, Williams AN, Gelbart T, Campbell D, Mondala TS, Head SR, Horvath S, Gaber L, Thompson R, Whisenant T, Lin W, Langfelder P, Robison EH, Schaffer RL, Fisher JS, Friedewald J, Flechner SM, Chan LK, Wiseman AC, Shidban H, Mendez R, Heilman R, Abecassis MM, Marsh CL, Salomon DR. Molecular classifiers for acute kidney transplant rejection in peripheral blood by whole genome gene expression profiling. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1164-72. [PMID: 24725967 PMCID: PMC4439107 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There are no minimally invasive diagnostic metrics for acute kidney transplant rejection (AR), especially in the setting of the common confounding diagnosis, acute dysfunction with no rejection (ADNR). Thus, though kidney transplant biopsies remain the gold standard, they are invasive, have substantial risks, sampling error issues and significant costs and are not suitable for serial monitoring. Global gene expression profiles of 148 peripheral blood samples from transplant patients with excellent function and normal histology (TX; n = 46), AR (n = 63) and ADNR (n = 39), from two independent cohorts were analyzed with DNA microarrays. We applied a new normalization tool, frozen robust multi-array analysis, particularly suitable for clinical diagnostics, multiple prediction tools to discover, refine and validate robust molecular classifiers and we tested a novel one-by-one analysis strategy to model the real clinical application of this test. Multiple three-way classifier tools identified 200 highest value probesets with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under the curve for the validation cohort ranging from 82% to 100%, 76% to 95%, 76% to 95%, 79% to 100%, 84% to 100% and 0.817 to 0.968, respectively. We conclude that peripheral blood gene expression profiling can be used as a minimally invasive tool to accurately reveal TX, AR and ADNR in the setting of acute kidney transplant dysfunction.
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