[Effects of progressive lengthening on the growth cartilage. Value of measurement of the torque]

The authors have studied the pressures exerted on the growth plate during 35 progressive lengthenings of the tibia. This pressure was assessed by an indirect method. The patients have been followed up for several years. There was a correlation between the pressure and the extent of growth later. The authors consider that this aspect should be carefully considered during the period of lengthening to avoid disturbance of future growth.

Behavioral disordered children's conceptions of moral, conventional, and personal issues

This study employed a series of sorting tasks with 22 normal and 20 children with behavioral disorders (BD) to determine whether BD children discriminate among three classes of social actions viewed by normal children as distinct. These categories are (1) the moral (actions having intrinsic effects upon the rights or well-being of others), (2) the conventional (actions whose propriety is determined by social consensus), and (3) the personal (actions whose propriety is a matter of individual prerogative). Findings were that although BD children distinguished among the three forms of behavior, they differed with normals in the classifications of specific acts and in the reasons given for act classifications. Chief among these differences was the finding that BD children were less likely than normals to identify acts as within their personal domain.

Self-ratings of type A (coronary prone) adults: do type A's know they are type A's?

This study compared self-ratings and interview-band ratings of the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. A Type A adjective scale was developed from the Gough-Adjective Checklist (ACL), using adjectives rated as characteristic and uncharacteristic of the Type A individual by a panel of 20 Type A researchers. Scores on this scale were compared with Type A ratings based on the structural interview. Results from a sample of 378 employed males indicate a significant linear relationship between self-ratings of Type A characteristics and interview-based Type A classification. Subsequent item analysis identified a subset of adjectives which were endorsed differentially by Type A and Type B individuals, and a subset of descriptors which were not differentially endorsed by the two groups. Implications of these findings for assessment and intervention approaches to coronary-prone behavior are discussed.

Lactose intolerance, detected by the hydrogen breath test, in infants and children with chronic diarrhoea

Twenty-three infants and children aged 2½ months to 13 years with chronic diarrhoea and 6 patients without diarrhoea were investigated for lactose malabsorption with the hydrogen breath test (HBT) adapted for use in young infants and children. A further 8 children with proven or suspected coeliac disease were also investigated. The HBT was compared with the histology of the jejunal mucosa, mucosal lactase estimations, a lactose tolerance test, symptoms during the test, and follow-up after starting a lactose free diet. The 6 patients without diarrhoea showed no evidence of hypolactasia and the hydrogen (H₂)* concentration on the HBT was below 7 parts per million (ppm), a level considered to be clinically nonsignificant. 12 of the 23 patients with diarrhoea had a breath H₂ concentration greater than 24 ppm and this correlated well with their clinical symptoms during or after the test and with the remission of the diarrhoea after lactose withdrawal. Of the remaining 11 patients with diarrhoea whose breath H₂ concentration was lower than 25 ppm, symptoms did not improve when a lactose-free diet was started in 3, while a further 4 improved on a full diet. There was poor correlation between the HBT and the findings on the jejunal mucosal specimens. All but one of the coeliac patients had an HBT less than 20 ppm and none of these required lactose withdrawal for remission of symptoms. The HBT is a noninvasive test particularly suitable for outpatients and it gives a useful prognostic guide to the efficacy of lactose-free diet in the treatment of chronic diarrhoea in children.

Intestinal biopsy in the diagnosis of cow's milk protein intolerance without acute symptoms

4 infants, suspected of cow's milk protein intolerance, were placed on an elimination diet and then challenged with cow's milk. None reacted clinically, yet in 2 of the 4 patients jejunal biopsy revealed clear histological, ultrastructural, and immunological changes. It is suggested that these changes are the objective criteria on which the diagnosis of cow's milk intolerance should be based, and that the clinical evidence derived from milk challenge after an elimination diet may be unreliable.

Revisional surgery after reduction mammaplasty

The occasional unsatisfactory results after reduction mammaplasty are classified and analyzed. Methods of revision in 4 illustrative cases are presented and discussed.

Ventilation and sleep state in the new-born

1. Ventilation, oesophageal pressure and sleep state were measured in fourteen babies between 25 hr and 7 days of age.2. Trunk plethysmograph records showed that respiratory rate and minute volume were significantly higher in REM sleep than non-REM sleep. Tidal volume was not significantly altered.3. Tidal volume, respiratory rate and minute volume were all more variable in each baby in REM sleep, both on breath to breath analysis and over successive 20 sec periods.4. Major oesophageal peristaltic activity was observed in REM sleep only.5. In response to a sharp rise in P(O2) the tidal volume and minute volume fell significantly by the same proportion in both sleep states. Respiratory rate did not change significantly.

Orbital blow out fracture

Images

Analysis of multilayer optical filters using signal flow graph techniques

Multilayer optical filters are characterized by a signal flow graph. Standard feedback-network analysis techniques are modified to yield an iterative algorithm to compute the transmission of filters with any number of layers. The use of iteration results in an economical use of computer storage. The algorithm can take into account the frequency, polarization, and angle of incidence of the incident light wave as well as the index of refraction and thickness of each layer. Dispersion effects can be incorporated. Working programs have been developed for the IBM 1130 computer.

Reflector design based on the transformation of power densities

When designing beam shaping reflectors to be used with compact-arc lamps it is convenient to treat the reflector as a transformation between the light distribution out of the source and the distribution out of the reflector. Using the calculus of transformations, the theory is developed for designing mirrors without hot spots in their output distributions. This theory is applied to the design of two classes of mirrors, one with a uniform angular output power distribution, the second with an approximately cosine squared output distribution. The usefulness of this approach is also illustrated by calculating the output distribution of a paraboloid.