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Chapman S. Advance care planning: the impact of law and public policy. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000053.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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77
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Kuo PY, Yen JTC, Parker GM, Chapman S, Kandikattu S, Sohanpal I, Barbachano Y, Williams JE. The prevalence of pain in patients attending sarcoma outpatient clinics. Sarcoma 2011; 2011:813483. [PMID: 21647362 PMCID: PMC3103993 DOI: 10.1155/2011/813483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of pain in patients with sarcoma is not well documented. We investigated this in outpatients at a tertiary cancer referral centre, assessing the adequacy of pain control and for risk factors leading to higher prevalence and severity of pain. 149 patients were surveyed. Patients with pain within the previous 7 days completed pain assessment tools (BPI, S-LANSS, PMI). 53% of patients had pain within the previous 7 days, and 25% had significant pain. Of those with pain, 63% was inadequately controlled and neuropathic pain was identified in 36%. Age, gender, tumour type, and the type of cancer treatment were not significant predictors of the prevalence or severity of the pain. Based on our results, patients with sarcoma should be actively screened for pain and have regular reviews of their analgesic requirements.
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Andresen GB, Ashkezari MD, Baquero-Ruiz M, Bertsche W, Bowe PD, Butler E, Cesar CL, Chapman S, Charlton M, Deller A, Eriksson S, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Gutierrez A, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Humphries AJ, Hydomako R, Jonsell S, Madsen N, Menary S, Nolan P, Olin A, Povilus A, Pusa P, Robicheaux F, Sarid E, Silveira DM, So C, Storey JW, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS, Yamazaki Y. Centrifugal separation and equilibration dynamics in an electron-antiproton plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:145001. [PMID: 21561196 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.145001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Charges in cold, multiple-species, non-neutral plasmas separate radially by mass, forming centrifugally separated states. Here, we report the first detailed measurements of such states in an electron-antiproton plasma, and the first observations of the separation dynamics in any centrifugally separated system. While the observed equilibrium states are expected and in agreement with theory, the equilibration time is approximately constant over a wide range of parameters, a surprising and as yet unexplained result. Electron-antiproton plasmas play a crucial role in antihydrogen trapping experiments.
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Douglas E, Chapman S, Hudson S, Paterson K, Duggan C. Patients' perspectives on medicines and pharmacy: views of patients with Type 2 diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7174.2001.tb01136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Focal points
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LI CD, BAI ZY, Ye G, Miyagi M, Chapman S, Reader SM, LIU CJ. The Chromosomal Control of Leaf Characteristics of Early-Stage Plants in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(09)60302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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81
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Andresen GB, Ashkezari MD, Baquero-Ruiz M, Bertsche W, Bowe PD, Butler E, Carpenter PT, Cesar CL, Chapman S, Charlton M, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Humphries AJ, Hurt JL, Hydomako R, Jonsell S, Madsen N, Menary S, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Povilus A, Pusa P, Robicheaux F, Sarid E, Silveira DM, So C, Storey JW, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS, Yamazaki Y. Autoresonant excitation of antiproton plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:025002. [PMID: 21405235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate controllable excitation of the center-of-mass longitudinal motion of a thermal antiproton plasma using a swept-frequency autoresonant drive. When the plasma is cold, dense, and highly collective in nature, we observe that the entire system behaves as a single-particle nonlinear oscillator, as predicted by a recent theory. In contrast, only a fraction of the antiprotons in a warm plasma can be similarly excited. Antihydrogen was produced and trapped by using this technique to drive antiprotons into a positron plasma, thereby initiating atomic recombination.
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Andresen GB, Ashkezari MD, Baquero-Ruiz M, Bertsche W, Bowe PD, Butler E, Cesar CL, Chapman S, Charlton M, Deller A, Eriksson S, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Gutierrez A, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Humphries AJ, Hydomako R, Jenkins MJ, Jonsell S, Jørgensen LV, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Menary S, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Povilus A, Pusa P, Robicheaux F, Sarid E, Nasr SSE, Silveira DM, So C, Storey JW, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS, Yamazaki Y. Trapped antihydrogen. Nature 2010; 468:673-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature09610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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83
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Chapman S. Terence Telford Chapman. West J Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c4534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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84
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Andresen GB, Ashkezari MD, Baquero-Ruiz M, Bertsche W, Bowe PD, Butler E, Cesar CL, Chapman S, Charlton M, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayano RS, Hayden ME, Humphries A, Hydomako R, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Lambo R, Madsen N, Menary S, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Povilus A, Pusa P, Robicheaux F, Sarid E, Silveira DM, So C, Storey JW, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wilding D, Wurtele JS, Yamazaki Y. Evaporative cooling of antiprotons to cryogenic temperatures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:013003. [PMID: 20867439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the application of evaporative cooling to clouds of trapped antiprotons, resulting in plasmas with measured temperature as low as 9 K. We have modeled the evaporation process for charged particles using appropriate rate equations. Good agreement between experiment and theory is observed, permitting prediction of cooling efficiency in future experiments. The technique opens up new possibilities for cooling of trapped ions and is of particular interest in antiproton physics, where a precise CPT test on trapped antihydrogen is a long-standing goal.
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Hinchcliff R, Chapman S, Ivers RQ, Senserrick T, Du W. Media framing of graduated licensing policy debates. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2010; 42:1283-1287. [PMID: 20441843 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overrepresentation of young drivers in road trauma statistics produces significant media interest. Graduated licensing restrictions involving night-time curfews and restrictions on passenger numbers are prominent topics within media coverage. This was particularly apparent in Australia between January 2004 and July 2008, when various models of either restriction were introduced in four states. METHODS Australian newspaper and Sydney free-to-air television coverage during the peak period were analysed to identify the framing strategies used by news actors supporting or opposing these policies. RESULTS Fifteen frames were identified. These predominantly assessed the proposed restrictions in terms of their need, evidence base, practicality and the degree to which they were consonant with 'commonsense' perceptions and had community support. While expert road injury reduction news actors primarily emphasised their moral imperative and likely effectiveness, opponents stressed their impracticality and proposed alternative solutions. CONCLUSIONS Research evidence is only one component of information presented as policy-relevant in policy discourse conducted in news media. Policy reform advocates using the media to advocate for evidence-based policies in road injury prevention need to appreciate that evidence is not the only currency exchanged in such debates and should study opponents' rhetoric in order to anticipate and counteract the framing strategies being used.
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Chapman S, Homel P. Smoking prevalence, intentions and knowledge of health risk. Results from a New South Wales school survey. COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDIES 2010; 11:29s-34s. [PMID: 3495403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1987.tb00510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chapman S, Reynolds C. Regulating tobacco--the South Australian Tobacco Products Control Act, 1986. Its development and passage through Parliament. COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDIES 2010; 11:9s-15s. [PMID: 3581789 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1987.tb00507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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88
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Chapman S, Reeve E. Posters: Professional Development and Audit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/096176703777341309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chapman S, Hodgson J. Showers in raincoats: attitudinal barriers to condom use in high-risk heterosexuals. COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDIES 2010; 12:97-105. [PMID: 3370950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1988.tb00576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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90
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Bray F, Chapman S. AIDS and dentistry in Australia: knowledge, infection control practices and attitudes to treatment in a random sample of Australian dentists. COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDIES 2010; 14:384-93. [PMID: 2073777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1990.tb00049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
1130 dentists surveyed by mail from Australian capital cities (response rate 80%) answered a questionnaire on knowledge of clinical manifestations of AIDS and HIV, attitudes to treatment and referral of AIDS/HIV patients, infection control practices and personal risk factors for HIV. Despite a third of dentists being willing to treat HIV antibody-positive patients and 22% being willing to treat AIDS patients, over 50% believe AIDS to be a major problem for dentists, with two thirds claiming that their staff would not treat AIDS patients and 55% believing they would lose patients if word spread that they were treating HIV/AIDS patients. The perhaps irreconcilable tension between variable willingness to treat and the concerns of staff and other patients suggests that a policy of improving the dental referral network among people with AIDS may be in the best interests of the dental health and well-being of people with AIDS.
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Sullivan D, Brooks P, Tindale N, Chapman S, Ahmed W. Faecal sterols analysis for the identification of human faecal pollution in a non-sewered catchment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2010; 61:1355-1361. [PMID: 20220257 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, faecal sterols were used to identify human faecal pollution in a non-sewered catchment in Southeast Queensland, Australia. In all, 36 water samples were collected from six sites on six occasions and the concentration of sterols were determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The stanols concentration in water samples generally increased with increased catchment runoff. After moderate rainfall, high coprostanols levels found in water samples indicated human faecal pollution via defective septic systems. In contrast, it appears that during dry weather human faecal pollution is not occurring in the study catchment. Sterol profiles also pointed to a cattle farm polluting during modest catchment runoff. The method used in this study was able to identify the sources of faecal pollution to the catchment due to rainfall.
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Andresen GB, Bertsche W, Bowe PD, Bray CC, Butler E, Cesar CL, Chapman S, Charlton M, Fajans J, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayano RS, Hayden ME, Humphries AJ, Hydomako R, Jørgensen LV, Kerrigan SJ, Kurchaninov L, Lambo R, Madsen N, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Povilus AP, Pusa P, Sarid E, Seif El Nasr S, Silveira DM, Storey JW, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Yamazaki Y. Antiproton, positron, and electron imaging with a microchannel plate/phosphor detector. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:123701. [PMID: 20073120 DOI: 10.1063/1.3266967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A microchannel plate (MCP)/phosphor screen assembly has been used to destructively measure the radial profile of cold, confined antiprotons, electrons, and positrons in the ALPHA experiment, with the goal of using these trapped particles for antihydrogen creation and confinement. The response of the MCP to low energy (10-200 eV, <1 eV spread) antiproton extractions is compared to that of electrons and positrons.
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Chapman S, Freeman B. Regulating the tobacco retail environment: beyond reducing sales to minors. Tob Control 2009; 18:496-501. [PMID: 19748884 DOI: 10.1136/tc.2009.031724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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94
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Leask J, Hawe P, Chapman S. Focus group composition: a comparison between natural and constructed groups. Aust N Z J Public Health 2009; 25:152-4. [PMID: 11357912 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2001.tb01838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide insight into the effects of focus group composition. METHOD In an early phase of an ongoing study of parental reception to messages about childhood immunisation, we conducted four focus groups; two with participants who had never met before (constructed groups) and two with participants who were part of a pre-established first-time mothers' group (natural groups). RESULTS Marked differences were noted in the group dynamics, depth of interaction and diversity between groups. Discussions with constructed groups were animated, enthusiastic, expressed more divergent views and articulated greater complexities of the topic. Discussions with natural groups were generally flatter and less enthusiastic, displaying a higher level of apparent conformity to conventional wisdom. The need to protect other participants from potentially disturbing information about vaccination was expressed across groups but acted to censor natural groups, where participants knew more of each others' sensitivities. IMPLICATIONS Insight into the factors contributing to such differences may enhance understanding of the contexts in which constructed groups are more appropriate. The processes of social censorship may be of primary interest to the researcher. However, where it is paramount to elicit a range of opinions about a potentially controversial topic, we suggest that natural groups in the delicate stage of norming be avoided. The peculiarities of each individual research circumstance are best explored in pilot studies.
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Jeffrey S, Richards J, Ciravegna F, Waller S, Chapman S, Zhang Z. The Archaeotools project: faceted classification and natural language processing in an archaeological context. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2009; 367:2507-2519. [PMID: 19451106 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2009.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes 'Archaeotools', a major e-Science project in archaeology. The aim of the project is to use faceted classification and natural language processing to create an advanced infrastructure for archaeological research. The project aims to integrate over 1 x 10(6) structured database records referring to archaeological sites and monuments in the UK, with information extracted from semi-structured grey literature reports, and unstructured antiquarian journal accounts, in a single faceted browser interface. The project has illuminated the variable level of vocabulary control and standardization that currently exists within national and local monument inventories. Nonetheless, it has demonstrated that the relatively well-defined ontologies and thesauri that exist in archaeology mean that a high level of success can be achieved using information extraction techniques. This has great potential for unlocking and making accessible the information held in grey literature and antiquarian accounts, and has lessons for allied disciplines.
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Chapman S. Come to where the flavour is: additives and pesticide residue in cigarettes. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009; 11:3-6. [PMID: 16840061 DOI: 10.1080/09595239200185011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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97
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Mian AM, Chapman S. XIV. Approximate formulæ for functions expressed as definite integrals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14786444208521354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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98
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Hammad A, Chapman S. VII. The primary and secondary scattering of sunlight in a plane-stratified atmosphere of uniform composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14786443908521165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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100
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