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Kim S, Yoon YM, Han YS, Lee JH, Hur J, Lee SH. Administration of Cripto in GRP78 overexpressed human MSCs enhances stem cell viability and angiogenesis during human MSC transplantation therapy. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12463. [PMID: 29722092 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of concurrent GRP78 overexpression combined with Cripto on hMSC proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, we explored whether the treatment enhances effectiveness of hMSC transplantation in ischaemic tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human MSCs obtained from human adipose tissue were cultured in α-minimum essential medium (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA) supplemented with 10% (v/v) foetal bovine serum (Hyclone), 100 U mL-1 penicillin and 100 μg mL-1 streptomycin. Murine hindlimb ischaemic model was generated with 8-week-old male nude BALB/c mice (Biogenomics, Seoul, Korea) maintained under a 12-h light/dark cycle following the established protocol with minor modification. Cellular injection was performed no later than 3 hour after surgery. Lipofectamine transfection, single-cell cultivation assay, transwell assay, scratch wound-healing migration assay, immunohistochemistry and western blotting assays were performed. RESULTS Overexpression of GRP78 along with Cripto enhanced hMSC proliferation, migration and invasion. It increased interaction of surface GRP78 receptor with Cripto via JAK2/STAT3 pathway. We confirmed our proposed mechanism by showing that treatment with GRP78 antibody blocks the enhancement in vitro. In vivo, we observed that Cripto induced by the hypoxic environment in hindlimb ischaemic model interacts with the overexpressed GRP78 and increases hMSC proliferation, migration and invasion potentials as well as angiogenesis around transplanted ischaemic site via cytokine secretions. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate supporting evidences that GRP78-Cripto combination technique offers novel strategy to enhance MSC proliferation, migration and invasion potentials as well as angiogenesis around ischaemic site, ultimately facilitating MSC-based transplantation therapy in ischaemic conditions.
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Zabaneh D, Krapohl E, Gaspar HA, Curtis C, Lee SH, Patel H, Newhouse S, Wu HM, Simpson MA, Putallaz M, Lubinski D, Plomin R, Breen G. A genome-wide association study for extremely high intelligence. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1226-1232. [PMID: 29731509 PMCID: PMC5987166 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We used a case-control genome-wide association (GWA) design with cases consisting of 1238 individuals from the top 0.0003 (~170 mean IQ) of the population distribution of intelligence and 8172 unselected population-based controls. The single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability for the extreme IQ trait was 0.33 (0.02), which is the highest so far for a cognitive phenotype, and significant genome-wide genetic correlations of 0.78 were observed with educational attainment and 0.86 with population IQ. Three variants in locus ADAM12 achieved genome-wide significance, although they did not replicate with published GWA analyses of normal-range IQ or educational attainment. A genome-wide polygenic score constructed from the GWA results accounted for 1.6% of the variance of intelligence in the normal range in an unselected sample of 3414 individuals, which is comparable to the variance explained by GWA studies of intelligence with substantially larger sample sizes. The gene family plexins, members of which are mutated in several monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders, was significantly enriched for associations with high IQ. This study shows the utility of extreme trait selection for genetic study of intelligence and suggests that extremely high intelligence is continuous genetically with normal-range intelligence in the population.
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Lee JH, Kim SJ, Lee SH, Suh IB, Jang J, Jhoo JH. 1022 Changes in The Sleep Quality And Caregiver Burden by Timed Blue Light in Alzheimer`s Disease. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lee SH, Oh JS, Lee KB, Lee JM, Hwang SH, Lee MK, Kwon EH, Kim CS, Choi IH, Yeo IY, Yoon JY, Im JM. Evaluation of abundance of artificial radionuclides in food products in South Korea and sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 184-185:46-52. [PMID: 29334620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Food samples are collected nationwide from January 2016 to February 2017 and their contents of artificial radionuclides are measured to address the growing concerns regarding the radioactive contamination of food products in Korea. Specifically, 900 food samples are collected for this study and their contents of representative artificial radionuclides 134Cs, 137Cs, 239,240Pu, and 90Sr are analyzed. The analysis shows that the activity concentrations of 137Cs in fish range from minimum detectable activity (MDA) to 340 mBq/kg of fresh weight. The concentration factor (CF) determined for 137Cs as a measure of its bioavailability is calculated to be ca. 74 and found to be very similar to that (100) recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency. With an MDA of <0.221 mBq/kg, the results reveal that 239,240Pu values in fish are below the MDA. The activity concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr are lower than the MDA in both shellfish and seaweed, while the activity concentrations of 239,240Pu in shellfish range from 0.26 to 2.18 mBq/kg, and for seaweed samples range from 2.07 to 3.38 mBq/kg. The atom ratios of 240Pu/239Pu in shellfish caught at the Korean coast vary from 0.209 to 0.237, with a mean of 0.227. The higher 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio determined in shellfish is thought to be caused by the plutonium transported from the Pacific Proving Grounds rather than other sources such as the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. The activity concentrations of 137Cs in mushrooms are found to vary from 1.0 to 21.4 Bq/kg, with the highest concentrations observed in the Oak (shiitake) and Sarcodon asparatus. 134Cs is detected in three mushroom specimens collected from Jeju Island and about 3-3.6% of 137Cs present in the wild mushrooms native to the Jeju Island are introduced as a result of the Fukushima nuclear plant accident. The annual effective doses of 137Cs received through consumption of mushrooms and fish are 2.0 × 10-4 mSv yr-1 and 3.9 × 10-5 mSv yr-1, and those values are negligible compared to the annual effective doses limit of 1 mSv yr-1.
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Aidala C, Akiba Y, Alfred M, Andrieux V, Aoki K, Apadula N, Asano H, Ayuso C, Azmoun B, Babintsev V, Bagoly A, Bandara NS, Barish KN, Bathe S, Bazilevsky A, Beaumier M, Belmont R, Berdnikov A, Berdnikov Y, Blau DS, Boer M, Bok JS, Brooks ML, Bryslawskyj J, Bumazhnov V, Butler C, Campbell S, Canoa Roman V, Cervantes R, Chi CY, Chiu M, Choi IJ, Choi JB, Citron Z, Connors M, Cronin N, Csanád M, Csörgő T, Danley TW, Daugherity MS, David G, DeBlasio K, Dehmelt K, Denisov A, Deshpande A, Desmond EJ, Dion A, Dixit D, Do JH, Drees A, Drees KA, Dumancic M, Durham JM, Durum A, Elder T, Enokizono A, En'yo H, Esumi S, Fadem B, Fan W, Feege N, Fields DE, Finger M, Finger M, Fokin SL, Frantz JE, Franz A, Frawley AD, Fukuda Y, Gal C, Gallus P, Garg P, Ge H, Giordano F, Goto Y, Grau N, Greene SV, Grosse Perdekamp M, Gunji T, Guragain H, Hachiya T, Haggerty JS, Hahn KI, Hamagaki H, Hamilton HF, Han SY, Hanks J, Hasegawa S, Haseler TOS, He X, Hemmick TK, Hill JC, Hill K, Hodges A, Hollis RS, Homma K, Hong B, Hoshino T, Hotvedt N, Huang J, Huang S, Imai K, Imrek J, Inaba M, Iordanova A, Isenhower D, Ito Y, Ivanishchev D, Jacak BV, Jezghani M, Ji Z, Jiang X, Johnson BM, Jorjadze V, Jouan D, Jumper DS, Kang JH, Kapukchyan D, Karthas S, Kawall D, Kazantsev AV, Khachatryan V, Khanzadeev A, Kim C, Kim DJ, Kim EJ, Kim M, Kim MH, Kincses D, Kistenev E, Klatsky J, Kline P, Koblesky T, Kotov D, Kudo S, Kurita K, Kwon Y, Lajoie JG, Lallow EO, Lebedev A, Lee S, Lee SH, Leitch MJ, Leung YH, Lewis NA, Li X, Lim SH, Liu LD, Liu MX, Loggins VR, Lökös S, Lovasz K, Lynch D, Majoros T, Makdisi YI, Makek M, Malaev M, Manko VI, Mannel E, Masuda H, McCumber M, McGaughey PL, McGlinchey D, McKinney C, Mendoza M, Metzger WJ, Mignerey AC, Mihalik DE, Milov A, Mishra DK, Mitchell JT, Mitsuka G, Miyasaka S, Mizuno S, Montuenga P, Moon T, Morrison DP, Morrow SIM, Murakami T, Murata J, Nagai K, Nagashima K, Nagashima T, Nagle JL, Nagy MI, Nakagawa I, Nakagomi H, Nakano K, Nattrass C, Niida T, Nouicer R, Novák T, Novitzky N, Novotny R, Nyanin AS, O'Brien E, Ogilvie CA, Orjuela Koop JD, Osborn JD, Oskarsson A, Ottino GJ, Ozawa K, Pantuev V, Papavassiliou V, Park JS, Park S, Pate SF, Patel M, Peng W, Perepelitsa DV, Perera GDN, Peressounko DY, PerezLara CE, Perry J, Petti R, Phipps M, Pinkenburg C, Pisani RP, Pun A, Purschke ML, Radzevich PV, Read KF, Reynolds D, Riabov V, Riabov Y, Richford D, Rinn T, Rolnick SD, Rosati M, Rowan Z, Runchey J, Safonov AS, Sakaguchi T, Sako H, Samsonov V, Sarsour M, Sato K, Sato S, Schaefer B, Schmoll BK, Sedgwick K, Seidl R, Sen A, Seto R, Sexton A, Sharma D, Shein I, Shibata TA, Shigaki K, Shimomura M, Shioya T, Shukla P, Sickles A, Silva CL, Silvermyr D, Singh BK, Singh CP, Singh V, Skoby MJ, Slunečka M, Smith KL, Snowball M, Soltz RA, Sondheim WE, Sorensen SP, Sourikova IV, Stankus PW, Stoll SP, Sugitate T, Sukhanov A, Sumita T, Sun J, Syed S, Sziklai J, Takeda A, Tanida K, Tannenbaum MJ, Tarafdar S, Taranenko A, Tarnai G, Tieulent R, Timilsina A, Todoroki T, Tomášek M, Towell CL, Towell RS, Tserruya I, Ueda Y, Ujvari B, van Hecke HW, Vazquez-Carson S, Velkovska J, Virius M, Vrba V, Vukman N, Wang XR, Wang Z, Watanabe Y, Watanabe YS, Wong CP, Woody CL, Xu C, Xu Q, Xue L, Yalcin S, Yamaguchi YL, Yamamoto H, Yanovich A, Yin P, Yoo JH, Yoon I, Yu H, Yushmanov IE, Zajc WA, Zelenski A, Zharko S, Zou L. Measurements of Multiparticle Correlations in d+Au Collisions at 200, 62.4, 39, and 19.6 GeV and p+Au Collisions at 200 GeV and Implications for Collective Behavior. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:062302. [PMID: 29481251 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.062302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, multiparticle-correlation measurements of relativistic p/d/^{3}He+Au, p+Pb, and even p+p collisions show surprising collective signatures. Here, we present beam-energy-scan measurements of two-, four-, and six-particle angular correlations in d+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200, 62.4, 39, and 19.6 GeV. We also present measurements of two- and four-particle angular correlations in p+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. We find the four-particle cumulant to be real valued for d+Au collisions at all four energies. We also find that the four-particle cumulant in p+Au has the opposite sign as that in d+Au. Further, we find that the six-particle cumulant agrees with the four-particle cumulant in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV, indicating that nonflow effects are subdominant. These observations provide strong evidence that the correlations originate from the initial geometric configuration, which is then translated into the momentum distribution for all particles, commonly referred to as collectivity.
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Bhuiyan MSA, Kim HJ, Lee DH, Lee SH, Cho SH, Yang BS, Kim SD, Lee SH. Genetic parameters of carcass and meat quality traits in different muscles (longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus) of Hanwoo (Korean cattle). J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3359-3369. [PMID: 28805895 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated heritability () and genetic and phenotypic correlations for carcass and meat quality traits of longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles in 30-mo-old Hanwoo steers. Variance and covariance components were estimated using REML procedures under univariate and bivariate models. The mean carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS) were 428.20 ± 46.30 kg, 87.38 ± 8.54 cm2, 13.00 ± 5.14 mm, and 5.21 ± 1.56, respectively. The mean CIE reflectance of meat lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) were 40.01 ± 2.73, 22.37 ± 2.18, and 10.35 ± 1.46, respectively, in LD muscles and 36.33 ± 2.44, 22.91 ± 2.43, and 10.25 ± 1.65, respectively, in SM muscles. The mean Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), intramuscular fat content (IMF), water-holding capacity (WHC), and protein and ash content in LD and SM muscles were 3.84 ± 0.96 and 6.52 ± 1.21 kg, 15.91 ± 4.39 and 5.10 ± 1.94%, 62.07 ± 3.38 and 71.61 ± 2.06%, 20.01 ± 1.39 and 21.34 ± 0.89%, and 0.80 ± 0.10 and 0.93 ± 0.07, respectively. The estimates of CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were 0.51 ± 0.13, 0.45 ± 0.13, 0.29 ± 0.09, and 0.22 ± 0.08, respectively. The estimates were moderate for meat quality traits and were 0.37 ± 0.12, 0.40 ± 0.12, 0.33 ± 0.10, 0.33 ± 0.10, 0.30 ± 0.11, and 0.24 ± 0.09 for L*, WBSF, IMF, WHC, and protein and ash content, respectively, in LD muscle; estimates from SM muscle were comparatively low (0.08 ± 0.06 to 0.25 ± 0.09). Estimates of for a* and b* were also low (0.08 ± 0.06 to 0.13 ± 0.07). Carcass weight had a moderate, positive genetic correlation with EMA (0.60 ± 0.13) and a weak correlation with MS and BFT. The genetic correlations among the 3 colorimeter variants were strong and positive within and between muscles. Intramuscular fat content had moderate to strong and negative genetic correlations with WBSF (-0.49 ± 0.18), WHC (-0.99 ± 0.01), and protein (-0.93 ± 0.04) and ash content (-0.98 ± 0.06) in LD muscle, whereas the associations were less pronounced in SM muscle. In general, CWT and EMA had low genetic and phenotypic correlations with meat quality traits, which suggests that the traits are independent and have distinct genetic contributions in each muscle. Conversely, with few exceptions, meat quality traits had genetic and phenotypic correlations with MS and BFT. In conclusion, the estimated genetic parameters for carcass and meat quality traits could be used for genetic evaluation and breeding programs in Korean Hanwoo cattle populations.
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Tay JC, Sule AA, Chew EK, Tey JS, Lau T, Lee S, Lee SH, Leong CK, Lim ST, Low LP, Oh VM, Phoon KY, Tan KW, Wu A, Yeo LS. Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines: Hypertension. Singapore Med J 2018; 59:17-27. [DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2018007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kim JH, Choi BY, Kho AR, Lee SH, Jeong JH, Hong DK, Lee SH, Sohn M, Ryu OH, Choi MG, Suh SW. Acetylcholine precursor, citicoline (cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine), reduces hypoglycaemia-induced neuronal death in rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30. [PMID: 29247563 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Citicoline (cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine) is an important precursor for the synthesis of neuronal plasma membrane phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine. The administration of citicoline serves as a choline donor for the synthesis of acetylcholine. Citicoline has been shown to reduce the neuronal injury in animal models with cerebral ischaemia and in clinical trials of stroke patients. Citicoline is currently being investigated in a multicentre clinical trial. However, citicoline has not yet been examined the context of hypoglycaemia-induced neuronal death. To clarify the therapeutic impact of citicoline in hypoglycaemia-induced neuronal death, we used a rat model with insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Acute hypoglycaemia was induced by i.p. injection of regular insulin (10 U kg-1 ) after overnight fasting, after which iso-electricity was maintained for 30 minutes. Citicoline injections (500 mg/kg, i.p.) were started immediately after glucose reperfusion. We found that post-treatment of citicoline resulted in significantly reduced neuronal death, oxidative injury and microglial activation in the hippocampus compared to vehicle-treated control groups at 7 days after induced hypoglycaemia. Citicoline administration after hypoglycaemia decreased immunoglobulin leakage via blood-brain barrier disruption in the hippocampus compared to the vehicle group. Citicoline increased choline acetyltransferase expression for phosphatidylcholine synthesis after hypoglycaemia. Altogether, the present findings suggest that neuronal membrane stabilisation by citicoline administration can save neurones from the degeneration process after hypoglycaemia, as seen in several studies of ischaemia. Therefore, the results suggest that citicoline may have therapeutic potential to reduce hypoglycaemia-induced neuronal death.
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Kim ST, Kim SY, Klempner SJ, Yoon J, Kim N, Ahn S, Bang H, Kim KM, Park W, Park SH, Park JO, Park YS, Lim HY, Lee SH, Park K, Kang WK, Lee J. Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) amplification defines a subset of advanced gastric cancer and is sensitive to AZD2014-mediated mTORC1/2 inhibition. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:547-554. [PMID: 28028034 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting oncogenic genomic aberrations is an established therapeutic strategy in multiple tumor types. Molecular classification has uncovered a number of novel targets, and rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) amplification has been identified in lung cancer. Further investigation assessing the therapeutic potential of RICTOR amplification as a novel target across advanced cancers is needed. Patients and methods Tumor samples from 640 patients with metastatic solid tumors, primarily gastrointestinal and lung cancers were prospectively subjected to a next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay to identify molecular targets. Samples with NGS-detected RICTOR amplification were confirmed with FISH. A RICTOR-amplified patient-derived cell (PDC) line was generated and used to investigate the effectiveness of selective AKT, mTORC1, and mTORC1/2 inhibition. Results NGS identified 13 (2%) of 640 patients with RICTOR-amplified tumors (6 gastric, 3 NSCLC, 1 SCLC, 1 CRC, 1 sarcoma, 1 MUO). Of the 13 patients, seven patients had RICTOR protein overexpression by IHC. The prevalence of RICTOR amplification in gastric cancer by NGS was 3.8% (6/160). FISH testing confirmed amplification (RICTOR/control >2) in 5/13 (38%) of samples, including four gastric cancers and one lung cancer. Treatment of a RICTOR amplified PDC with a selective AKT (AZD5363), selective mTORC1 (everolimus), dual mTORC1/2 (AZD2014), and the multi-target kinase inhibitor pazopanib demonstrated preferential sensitivity to the mTORC1/2 inhibitor (AZD2014). Knockdown of RICTOR reversed PDC sensitivity to AZD2014, validating the importance of RICTOR amplification to the PDC line. Conclusions RICTOR amplification is a rare but therapeutically relevant genomic alteration across solid tumors. Our results support further pre-clinical and clinical investigation with AZD2014 in RICTOR amplified gastric cancer and highlights the importance of genomic profiling.
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Yeom SR, Min MK, Lee SH, Park SW. An Unusual Case of Blunt Traumatic Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm Detected within a Day. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791201900410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chest trauma can injure intrathoracic vessels, usually affecting the aorta and arch branches; however, a traumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAP) has been reported, albeit relatively rarely. Blunt chest trauma as an aetiology for a PAP is even more rare than penetrating chest trauma. There is usually a time delay from several days to several months between injury and detection of a PAP. Traditionally, operative management has been recommended because of the risk of PAP rupture. Here, we describe an unusual case of a PAP following blunt trauma that was detected early on computed tomography, 8 hours after injury, and the PAP resolved with conservative management.
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Kim YH, Jeon SY, Park JH, Choe JH, Lee SH, Park SJ, Kim KH, Kim JS. Faucial Pillar Perforation by Glidescope Intubation with Incorrectly Placed Stylet. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791201900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glidescope GVL® is frequently used in intubation of difficult airway. We report a case of right side of faucial pillar perforation during intubation with Glidescope®. A rigid stylet can facilitate placing of endotracheal tube quickly but it may also penetrate the soft tissue to cause injuries.
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Vallejo D, Lee SH, Lee D, Zhang C, Rapier C, Chessler SD, Lee AP. Cell-sized lipid vesicles for cell-cell synaptic therapies. TECHNOLOGY 2017; 5:201-213. [PMID: 29744376 PMCID: PMC5937847 DOI: 10.1142/s233954781750011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-sized lipid vesicles (CLVs) have shown great promise for therapeutic and artificial cell applications, but their fragility and short shelf life has hindered widespread adoption and commercial viability. We present a method to circumvent the storage limitations of CLVs such as giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and single-compartment multisomes (SCMs) by storing them in a double emulsion precursor form. The double emulsions can be stored for at least 8 months and readily converted into either GUVs or SCMs at any time. In this study, we investigate the interfacial parameters responsible for this morphological change, and we also demonstrate the therapeutic potential of CLVs by utilizing them to present a transmembrane protein, neuroligin-2, to pancreatic β-cells, forming cell-cell synapses that stimulate insulin secretion and cellular growth.
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Kim JS, Park CM, Choi JA, Park E, Tchoe HJ, Choi M, Suh JK, Kim YH, Won SH, Chung YC, Bae KY, Lee SK, Park SC, Lee SH. The association between season of birth, age at onset, and clozapine use in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:445-454. [PMID: 28741647 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether the rate of clozapine use, an indicator of refractoriness in schizophrenia, is associated with the season of birth and age at onset in patients with schizophrenia based on nationwide data. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia (n = 114 749) who received prescriptions for antipsychotic medication between 2008 and 2014 were retrospectively identified from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The study population was divided into three groups based on their age at the onset of schizophrenia (early, middle, and late onset). We assessed differences in the month of birth between patients and the general population. In addition, the cumulative clozapine use was calculated. RESULTS Compared to the late-onset schizophrenia group, the early- and middle-onset groups showed a higher probability of birth during the winter season. In addition, the early-onset group showed the highest cumulative clozapine use rate. In the middle-onset group, the initiation of clozapine use was significantly earlier for patients born in winter compared to those born in summer. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the age at onset is an important factor in predicting the prognosis of schizophrenia patients. The season of birth also affects the prognosis, but with less robustness. Specifically, it appears that early disease onset and winter birth might be associated with poor outcomes in Korean patients with schizophrenia.
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Kim M, Lee EJ, Shin HM, Jung HS, Kim TK, Kim TN, Kwon MJ, Lee SH, Rhee BD, Park JH. The effect of PPARγ agonist on SGLT2 and glucagon expressions in alpha cells under hyperglycemia. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:1069-1076. [PMID: 28391584 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have many beneficial effects for type 2 diabetes, including decreased cardiovascular death, recent reports that they increased glucagon through SGLT2 inhibition raised some concern. Troglitazone, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, was reported to increase SGLT2 in renal proximal tubule cells, but its role on pancreatic alpha cells have not been reported. We investigated the effect of troglitazone on SGLT2 expression in alpha cells and subsequent glucagon regulation in hyperglycemia. METHODS An Alpha TC1-6 cell line was cultured in control (5 mM) or hyperglycemia (HG, 15 mM) for 72 h. We applied troglitazone with or without PPARγ antagonist (GW9662 10 μM). To investigate the involvement of PI3K/Akt pathway, we applied troglitazone with or without Wortmanin. We measured sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) and glucagon (GCG) mRNA and protein expression. PPAR gamma, PI3K and Akt protein were also measured. RESULTS Exposure of alpha TC cells to HG for 72 h increased glucagon mRNA and protein expression. HG decreased SGLT2 mRNA and protein expression. Troglitazone significantly reversed HG-induced reduction of SGLT2 expression and increase of glucagon secretion. PPARγ antagonist (GW9662 10 μM) decreased the expression of SGLT2 and increased glucagon as HG did. Hyperglycemia increased PI3K and pAkt expression in alpha cells. Wortmanin (PI3K inhibitor, 1 μM) reversed HG-induced SGLT2 decrease and glucagon increase. Troglitazone treatment decreased PI3K and pAkt expression in HG. CONCLUSION In conclusion, PPARγ agonist, troglitazone improved glucose transport SGLT2 dysfunction and subsequent glucagon dysregulation in alpha cell under hyperglycemia. Those effects were through the involvement of PI3K/pAkt signaling pathway. This study may add one more reason for the ideal combination of PPARγ agonist and SGLT2 inhibitor in clinical practice.
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VanBik D, Lee SH, Seo MG, Jeon BR, Goo YK, Park SJ, Rhee MH, Kwon OD, Kim TH, Geraldino PJL, Kwak D. Borrelia Species Detected in Ticks Feeding on Wild Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis) Using Molecular and Genotypic Analyses. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1397-1402. [PMID: 28549151 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lyme borreliosis is a vector-borne disease transmitted through the bite of ticks infected by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group, including B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii, and B. garinii. The goal of the present study was to detect Borrelia species in ticks infesting wild Korean water deer (KWD; Hydropotes inermis Swinhoe), using molecular and genotypic analyses. In total, 48 ticks were collected from KWD, all of which were morphologically identified as Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann that is dominant in Korea. Nested PCR was performed to detect the Borrelia-specific 5S (rrf)-23S (rrl) intergenic spacer region and the outer surface protein A (ospA) genes in ticks. Both rrf-rrl and ospA were amplified from one of the 48 ticks (2.1%) and were identified as B. afzelii. To our knowledge, this study constitutes the first molecular detection of B. afzelii in Haemaphysalis ticks in Korea. Because B. afzelii is a zoonotic tick-borne pathogen, understanding the molecular characteristics of this bacterium is important for preventing the transmission of Borrelia from ticks to other animals and humans.
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Lee SH, Yu J, Hwang GH, Kim S, Kim HS, Ye S, Kim K, Park J, Park DY, Cho YK, Kim JS, Bae S. CUT-PCR: CRISPR-mediated, ultrasensitive detection of target DNA using PCR. Oncogene 2017; 36:6823-6829. [PMID: 28846115 PMCID: PMC5736524 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a tumor-specific biomarker for the early detection of various cancers. To date, several techniques have been devised to enrich the extremely small amounts of ctDNA present in plasma, but they are still insufficient for cancer diagnosis, especially at the early stage. Here, we developed a novel method, CUT (CRISPR-mediated, Ultrasensitive detection of Target DNA)-PCR, which uses CRISPR endonucleases to enrich and detect the extremely small amounts of tumor DNA fragments among the much more abundant wild-type DNA fragments by specifically eliminating the wild-type sequences. We computed that by using various orthologonal CRISPR endonucleases such as SpCas9 and FnCpf1, the CUT-PCR method would be applicable to 80% of known cancer-linked substitution mutations registered in the COSMIC database. We further verified that CUT-PCR together with targeted deep sequencing enables detection of a broad range of oncogenes with high sensitivity (<0.01%) and accuracy, which is superior to conventional targeted deep sequencing. In the end, we successfully applied CUT-PCR to detect sequences with oncogenic mutations in the ctDNA of colorectal cancer patients’ blood, suggesting that our technique could be adopted for diagnosing various types of cancer at early stages.
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Roberts S, Wong CCY, Breen G, Coleman JRI, De Jong S, Jöhren P, Keers R, Curtis C, Lee SH, Margraf J, Schneider S, Teismann T, Wannemüller A, Lester KJ, Eley TC. Genome-wide expression and response to exposure-based psychological therapy for anxiety disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1219. [PMID: 28850109 PMCID: PMC5611743 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure-based psychological treatments for anxiety have high efficacy. However, a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to therapy. Research examining the potential biological underpinnings of therapy response is still in its infancy, and most studies have focussed on candidate genes. To our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation of genome-wide expression profiles with respect to treatment outcome. Participants (n=102) with panic disorder or specific phobia received exposure-based cognitive behavioural therapy. Treatment outcome was defined as percentage reduction from baseline in clinician-rated severity of their primary anxiety diagnosis at post treatment and 6 month follow-up. Gene expression was determined from whole blood samples at three time points using the Illumina HT-12v4 BeadChip microarray. Linear regression models tested the association between treatment outcome and changes in gene expression from pre-treatment to post treatment, and pre-treatment to follow-up. Network analysis was conducted using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and change in the detected modules from pre-treatment to post treatment and follow-up was tested for association with treatment outcome. No changes in gene expression were significantly associated with treatment outcomes when correcting for multiple testing (q<0.05), although a small number of genes showed a suggestive association with treatment outcome (q<0.5, n=20). Network analysis showed no association between treatment outcome and change in gene expression for any module. We report suggestive evidence for the role of a small number of genes in treatment outcome. Although preliminary, these findings contribute to a growing body of research suggesting that response to psychological therapies may be associated with changes at a biological level.
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Ok SH, Shin IW, Lee SH, Park J, Woo MS, Hong JM, Kim J, Sohn JT. Lipid emulsion alleviates the vasodilation and mean blood pressure decrease induced by a toxic dose of verapamil in isolated rat aortae and an in vivo rat model. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:636-646. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117721963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of lipid emulsion on the vasodilation and cardiovascular depression induced by toxic doses of calcium channel blockers. The effects of lipid emulsion on the vasodilation induced by bepridil, verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem were investigated in isolated endothelium-denuded rat aortae. The effect of lipid emulsion on the comparable hemodynamic depression induced by the continuous infusion of a toxic dose of either verapamil or diltiazem was examined in an in vivo rat model. The results showed the following decreasing order for the magnitude of lipid emulsion-mediated inhibition of vasodilation: bepridil, verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem. Lipid emulsion (0.5–2%) reversed the vasodilation induced by a toxic dose of verapamil, whereas only a higher concentration (2%) reversed the vasodilation induced by a toxic dose of diltiazem. Pretreatment with lipid emulsion alleviated the systolic and mean blood pressure decreases induced by a toxic dose of verapamil, whereas it had no effect on the decrease induced by diltiazem. Taken together, these results suggest that lipid emulsion alleviates the severe vasodilation and systolic blood pressure decrease induced by a toxic dose of verapamil, and this alleviation appears to be associated with the relatively high lipid solubility of verapamil.
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Park YS, Lee SH, Lim CK, Choi HW, An JH, Park CW, Lee HS, Lee JS, Seo JT. Paternal age as an independent factor does not affect embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes of testicular sperm extraction-intracytoplasmic sperm injection in azoospermia. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 28703337 DOI: 10.1111/and.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the independent influence of paternal age affecting embryo development and pregnancy using testicular sperm extraction (TESE)-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in obstructive azoospermia (OA) and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Paternal patients were divided into the following groups: ≤30 years, 31-35 years, 36-40 years, 41-45 years and ≥46 years. There were no differences in the rates of fertilisation or embryo quality according to paternal and maternal age. However, clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were significantly lower between those ≥46 years of paternal age compared with other age groups. Fertilisation rate was higher in the OA than the NOA, while embryo quality, pregnancy and delivery results were similar. Clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were significantly lower for patients ≥46 years of paternal age compared with younger age groups. In conclusion, fertilisation using TESE in azoospermia was not affected by the independent influence of paternal age; however, as maternal age increased concomitantly with paternal age, rates of pregnancy and delivery differed between those with paternal age <41 years and ≥46 years. Therefore, paternal age ≥46 years old should be considered when applying TESE-ICSI in cases of azoospermia, and patients should be advised of the associated low pregnancy rates.
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Kim H, Lee SH, Kim BJ, Koh JM. Association between obesity and femoral neck strength according to age, sex, and fat distribution. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2137-2146. [PMID: 28352995 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Indicators of total and abdominal obesity were negatively associated with femoral neck strength indices. There are age-, sex-, and fat distribution-specific differences in the magnitude of these associations. These suggested that indicators of obesity with different magnitude according to age, sex, and fat distribution associated with poor bone health. INTRODUCTION Fat regulates bone metabolism, but the associations of total and abdominal obesity with bone health are inconsistent. We investigated the association between indicators of obesity and composite indices of femoral neck (FN) strength reflecting the risk of hip fracture. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study examined data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Participants were divided into groups according to age (25-49/≥50 years) and sex. We examined total fat mass (TFM) and percentage fat mass (pFM) as indicators of total obesity and truncal fat mass (TrFM) as an indicator of abdominal obesity. We calculated the composite indices of FN strength and anthropometric clinical indicators of abdominal obesity. RESULTS TFM, pFM, and TrFM were negatively associated with the composite indices, irrespective of age and sex (P < 0.001-0.005). Most anthropometric clinical indicators of abdominal obesity showed negative associations with the composite indices regardless of age and sex (P < 0.001-0.048), except for women aged 25-49 years. In men, magnitudes of the negative contributions of TFM to the composite indices were significantly stronger at age 25-49 years than at age ≥50 years. Magnitudes of negative associations of TFM with the composite indices were greater in men than in women. TrFM had a more detrimental effect than TFM on FN strength in men aged 25-49 years and in women of both ages. CONCLUSION Indicators of total and abdominal obesity negatively associated with FN strength, and magnitudes of their effects on bone health differed according to age, sex, and fat distribution.
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Park MS, Kim SK, Park HJ, Seok H, Kang SW, Lee SH, Kim YG, Moon JY, Kim TH, Kim YH, Kang SW, Chung JH, Jeong KH. Association Studies of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Gene Polymorphisms With Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplantation Recipients. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:1012-1017. [PMID: 28583517 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) belong to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of proteins. This study was performed to evaluate the association of BMP gene polymorphisms with acute renal allograft rejection (AR) and graft dysfunction (GD) in Koreans. METHODS Three hundred thirty-one patients who had kidney transplantation procedures were recruited. Transplantation outcomes were determined in terms of AR and GD criteria. We selected six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs1979855 (5' near gene), rs1049007 (Ser87Ser), rs235767 (intron), rs1005464 (intron), rs235768 (Arg190Ser), and rs3178250 (3; untranslated region). RESULTS Among the six SNPs tested, the rs235767, rs1005464, and rs3178250 SNPs were significantly associated with AR (P < .05). The rs1049007 and rs235768 SNPs also showed an association with GD (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results suggest that the BMP2 gene polymorphism may be related to the development of AR and GD in kidney transplant recipients.
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Lee SH, An SJ, Kim DH, Hong SM, Kim JI. Modified innervated sensory cross-finger flap in failed finger replantation. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2017; 42:529-530. [PMID: 28183229 DOI: 10.1177/1753193416687940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Kim JH, Previte DJ, Yoon KS, Murenzi E, Koehler JE, Pittendrigh BR, Lee SH, Clark JM. Comparison of the proliferation and excretion of Bartonella quintana between body and head lice following oral challenge. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:266-276. [PMID: 28105732 PMCID: PMC5400725 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human body and head lice are highly related haematophagous ectoparasites but only the body louse has been shown to transmit Bartonella quintana, the causative agent of trench fever. The mechanisms by which body lice became a vector for B. quintana, however, are poorly understood. Following oral challenge, green fluorescent protein-expressing B. quintana proliferated over 9 days postchallenge with the number of bacteria being significantly higher in whole body vs. head lice. The numbers of B. quintana detected in faeces from infected lice, however, were approximately the same in both lice. Nevertheless, the viability of B. quintana was significantly higher in body louse faeces. Comparison of immune responses in alimentary tract tissues revealed that basal transcription levels of peptidoglycan recognition protein and defensins were lower in body lice and the transcription of defensin 1 was up-regulated by oral challenge with wild-type B. quintana in head but not in body lice. In addition, the level of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species generated by epithelial cells was significantly lower in body lice. Although speculative at this time, the reduced immune response is consistent with the higher vector competence seen in body vs. head lice in terms of B. quintana infection.
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Lee MTG, Chiu CC, Wang CC, Chang CN, Lee SH, Lee M, Hsu TC, Lee CC. Trends and Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Colorectal Cancer between 2004 and 2012- an Analysis using National Inpatient Database. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2006. [PMID: 28515452 PMCID: PMC5435696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited data are available for the epidemiology and outcome of colorectal cancer in relation to the three main surgical treatment modalities (open, laparoscopic and robotic). Using the US National Inpatient Sample database from 2004 to 2012, we identified 1,265,684 hospitalized colorectal cancer patients. Over the 9 year period, there was a 13.5% decrease in the number of hospital admissions and a 43.5% decrease in in-hospital mortality. Comparing the trend of surgical modalities, there was a 35.4% decrease in open surgeries, a 3.5 fold increase in laparoscopic surgeries, and a 41.3 fold increase in robotic surgeries. Nonetheless, in 2012, open surgery still remained the preferred surgical treatment modality (65.4%), followed by laparoscopic (31.2%) and robotic surgeries (3.4%). Laparoscopic and robotic surgeries were associated with lower in-hospital mortality, fewer complications, and shorter length of stays, which might be explained by the elective nature of surgery and earlier tumor grades. After excluding patients with advanced tumor grades, laparoscopic surgery was still associated with better outcomes and lower costs than open surgery. On the contrary, robotic surgery was associated with the highest costs, without substantial outcome benefits over laparoscopic surgery. More studies are required to clarify the cost-effectiveness of robotic surgery.
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Kang H, Gwak HS, Shin SH, Woo MK, Jeong IH, Yoo H, Kwon JW, Lee SH. Monitoring rate and predictability of intraoperative monitoring in patients with intradural extramedullary and epidural metastatic spinal tumors. Spinal Cord 2017; 55:906-910. [PMID: 28485386 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2017.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Single-center retrospective study. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the monitoring rate, sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative monitoring (IOM) during removal of intradural extramedullary (IDEM) or epidural metastatic spinal tumors. Also, to assess the efficacy of monitoring somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP) when motor-evoked potentials (MEP) are not measurable. SETTING The Neuro-Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Korea. METHODS Patients (n=101) with IDEM or epidural metastatic spinal tumors at the cord level underwent surgeries monitored with SSEP and/or MEP. The monitoring rate was defined as negative when MEP or SSEP could not be measured after reversal of the neuromuscular block under general anesthesia. Positive IOM changes included more than a 50% change in the MEP or SSEP amplitude and more than a 10% delay in SSEP latency. RESULTS MEP was measurable in 73% of patients. The MEP monitoring rate in patients with motor power grades of 3 or less was 39%, which was lower than that of SSEP (83%). The sensitivity, specificity and predictability of MEP for motor changes were 93, 90 and 91%, respectively. Conversely, the sensitivity, specificity and predictability of SSEP were 62, 97 and 89%, respectively. In patients in whom MEP was not measurable (n=24), SSEP was monitored with a predictability of 83%. CONCLUSION In cases of extramedullary spinal tumors, MEP shows a higher sensitivity than SSEP does. However, the monitoring rate of MEP in non-ambulatory patients was lower than that of SSEP. In those cases, SSEP can be useful to monitor for postoperative neurological deficits.
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Kim SJ, Lee SH, Lee JH. 0299 TWENTY-FOUR HOUR LIGHT EXPOSURE PATTERN AND SLEEP CONSOLIDATION IN INSOMNIA PATIENTS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Yang DY, Ko K, Lee SH, Moon DG, Kim JW, Lee WK. Efficacy and safety of a newly developed polylactic acid microsphere as an injectable bulking agent for penile augmentation: 18-months follow-up. Int J Impot Res 2017; 29:136-141. [DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kim H, Baek KH, Lee SY, Ahn SH, Lee SH, Koh JM, Rhee Y, Kim CH, Kim DY, Kang MI, Kim BJ, Min YK. Association of circulating dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 levels with osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1099-1108. [PMID: 27866216 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fracture (OF) had higher plasma dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) levels than those without. Furthermore, higher plasma DPP4 levels were significantly associated with higher bone turnover and a higher prevalence of OF. These results indicated that DPP4 may be associated with OF by mediating bone turnover rate. INTRODUCTION Evidence indicates that dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) plays a distinct role in bone metabolism. However, there has been no report on the association, if any, between circulating DPP4 levels and osteoporosis-related phenotypes, including osteoporotic fracture (OF). Therefore, we performed a case-control study to investigate these associations in postmenopausal women. METHODS This study was conducted in multiple centers in Korea. We enrolled 178 cases with OF and 178 age- and body mass index-matched controls. OF was assessed by an interviewer-assisted questionnaire and lateral thoracolumbar radiographs. Bone turnover markers (BTMs), bone mineral density (BMD), and plasma DPP4 levels were obtained in all subjects. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects with OF had significantly higher DPP4 levels than those without (P = 0.021). Higher DPP4 levels were significantly positively associated with higher levels of all BTMs, but not with BMD at all measured sites. The differences in DPP4 levels according to OF status disappeared after an additional adjustment for each BTM, but not after adjustment for any BMD values. BTMs explained approximately half of the relationship between DPP4 and OF. The risk of OF was 3.80-fold (95% confidence interval = 1.53-9.42) higher in subjects in the highest DPP4 quartile than in those in the lowest quartile after adjustment for potential confounders, including femoral neck BMD. CONCLUSIONS DPP4 may be associated with OF by at least partly mediating the bone turnover rate. Circulating DPP4 levels may be a potential biomarker that could increase the predictive power of current fracture risk assessment models.
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Lee SB, Kang C, Kim DH, Kim T, Lee SH, Jeong JH, Kim SC, Rhee DY, Lim D. Base deficit is a predictor of mortality in organophosphate insecticide poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:118-124. [PMID: 29233034 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117694073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Organophosphate insecticide (OPI) self-poisoning is a major medical problem in many countries. Several studies have demonstrated that the base deficit (BD) is a prognostic tool that is correlated with the severity of injury and predicted mortality, particularly in trauma patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of BD in OPI poisoning. METHODS This retrospective observational study was conducted between January 1, 2006, and January 31, 2015, at a single emergency department (ED). The BD values were divided into quartiles according to the number of patients: 3 mEq/L or less, 3-5.9 mEq/L, 6-9.9 mEq/L, and 10 mEq/L or greater. Survival at 30 days from ED admission was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Among 154 patients, 31 died, yielding a mortality of 20.1%. The highest BD quartile (≥ 10 mEq/L) and the 6-9.9 mEq/L group were associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality. Patients with a BD of 10 mEq/L or greater had a 5.85-fold higher risk of 30-day mortality and patients with a BD of 6-9.9 mEq/L had a 5.40-fold higher risk of 30-day mortality compared to patients with a BD of 3 mEq/L or less. The area under the curves of the BD and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score for mortality were 0.748 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.660-0.835) and 0.852 (95% CI, 0.789-0.915), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the BD is a predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with OPI poisoning.
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Lee SH, Cheon SJ, Kim YJ. Clinical application of a free radial artery superficial palmar branch flap for soft-tissue reconstruction of digital injuries. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2017; 42:151-156. [PMID: 27609218 DOI: 10.1177/1753193416666396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Unsuccessful reconstruction of injured fingers can lead to poor outcomes. The aim of this article was to investigate the clinical application of the radial artery superficial palmar branch flap for soft-tissue reconstruction of the finger. We treated 125 patients with various finger injuries who underwent free radial artery superficial palmar branch flap reconstruction between October 2010 and March 2015. There were 46 distal finger injuries, 25 distal finger amputation following failed replantation and 54 palmar digital injuries with tendon, bone or joint exposure requiring soft-tissue reconstruction. Of the 125 cases, 114 flap reconstructions were considered successful. We believe that a free radial artery superficial palmar branch flap transfer is credible and useful for reconstructing various finger injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Lee SH, Yang BX, Collins JT, Ramanathan M. Thermal management and prototype testing of Compton scattering X-ray beam position monitor for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:023106. [PMID: 28249483 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and stable x-ray beam position monitors (XBPMs) are key elements in obtaining the desired user beam stability in the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade. In the next-generation XBPMs for the canted-undulator front ends, where two undulator beams are separated by 1.0 mrad, the lower beam power (<10 kW) per undulator allows us to explore lower-cost solutions based on Compton scattering from a diamond placed edge-on to the x-ray beam. Because of the high peak power density of the x-ray beams, this diamond experiences high temperatures and has to be clamped to a water-cooled heat spreader using thermal interface materials (TIMs), which play a key role in reducing the temperature of the diamond. To evaluate temperature changes through the interface via thermal simulations, the thermal contact resistance (TCR) of TIMs at an interface between two solid materials under even contact pressure must be known. This paper addresses the TCR measurements of several TIMs, including gold, silver, pyrolytic graphite sheet, and 3D graphene foam. In addition, a prototype of a Compton-scattering XBPM with diamond blades was installed at APS Beamline 24-ID-A in May 2015 and has been tested. This paper presents the design of the Compton-scattering XBPM, and compares thermal simulation results obtained for the diamond blade of this XBPM by the finite element method with in situ empirical measurements obtained by using reliable infrared technology.
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Lee HJ, Kim TH, Kang SW, Kim YH, Kim SK, Chung JH, Kim YG, Moon JY, Lee SH, Ihm CG, Lee TW, Jeong KH. Association Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-4 Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Acute Rejection and Graft Dysfunction After Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:813-9. [PMID: 27234743 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine genotypes have previously been studied in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation; certain polymorphisms have been implicated in the development of acute rejection (AR) and graft dysfunction (GD). Allograft outcomes determined, in part, by alloimmune responses is mainly mediated by T-cell responses, activated and driven by cytokines. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is one such cytokine, which exerts its biological effects through binding to the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) complex on target cells. In the present study, we investigated whether polymorphisms of the IL-4 and/or IL-4R gene were associated with susceptibility to acute AR and GD after kidney transplantation. METHODS We analyzed 2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of IL-4 (rs2243250 and rs2070874) and 3 SNPs of IL-4R (rs1801275, rs2107356, and rs1805010) in 344 kidney transplant recipients. These patients included 62 of whom had developed AR and 215 of whom had GD in 1 year after kidney transplantation. RESULTS The AR group included 62 patients (45 men and 17 women). There was a statistically significant difference in the male-to-female ratio and the use of tacrolimus in the AR group. The GD group included 215 patients. Patients who developed GD were more likely to be older and have an underlying cause of end-stage renal disease that was unknown compared with patients who did not have GD, the cause of which was typically known. Among the SNPs examined, 1 of the SNPs in the IL-4R gene (ie, rs1801275) showed a statistical association with AR (co-dominant model, P = .061; dominant model, P = .019; and log-addictive model, P = .029). In addition, 1 of the IL-4R SNPs (ie, rs2107356) was statistically associated with GD (dominant model, P = .034). No significant difference in the IL-4 genotype was observed between the AR/GD and non-AR/non-GD subjects. CONCLUSIONS One IL-4R gene polymorphism (rs1801275) was associated with AR. In addition, a separate IL-4R SNP (rs2107356) was statistically associated with GD after kidney transplantation.
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Lee KW, Park JB, Oh DK, Na BG, Choi JY, Cho WT, Lee SH, Park HJ, Cho D, Huh WS, Kim SJ. Short-Term Outcomes of ABO-Incompatible Living Donor Kidney Transplantation With Uniform Protocol: Significance of Baseline Anti-ABO Titer. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:820-6. [PMID: 27234744 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is one of the major causes of poor outcomes in ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation (ABOi KT). Studies investigating AMR risk factors found that anti-ABO titer is a major issue. However, the significance of antibody titer has been debated. This retrospective study analyzed AMR risk factors in 59 patients who underwent ABOi KT between August 2010 and January 2015. We also analyzed AMR risk factors in recipients with high anti-ABO baseline titers (≥1:64 on dithiothreitol at 37°C phase or ≥1:256 on antihuman globulin phase). The 2-year patient survival rate was 95.8%, and the 2-year graft survival rate was 94.9%. Nine patients (15.3%) experienced clinical (6 of 59 [10.2%]) or subclinical (3 of 59 [5.1%]) AMR. One patient experienced graft loss from hyperacute rejection. AMR risk factor analysis revealed that baseline antibody titer was associated with incidence of AMR. In patients with high baseline titers, low doses of rituximab (200-mg single-dose), an antibody against CD20, was predictive for AMR. Six patients who received pretransplant intravenous immunoglobulin did not experience AMR even when they had high baseline antibody titers. Our results indicate that a high baseline antibody titer affected the incidence of AMR. ABOi KT candidates with high baseline titers need to undergo an intensified preconditioning protocol, including high-dose rituximab (375 mg/m(2)) and intravenous immunoglobulin.
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Kook JH, Kim HK, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Kim TH, Kang KR, Oh DJ, Lee SH. Increased expression of bitter taste receptors in human allergic nasal mucosa and their contribution to the shrinkage of human nasal mucosa. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:584-601. [PMID: 26931803 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are expressed in the extraoral tissues, where they possess various physiological functions. This study is to characterize TAS2Rs expression in normal and allergic nasal mucosa and analyse nasal symptom after challenge with bitter tastes to evaluate their pathophysiological function in normal and allergic nasal mucosa. METHODS The expression levels of TAS2Rs (TAS2R4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 39, and 43) in nasal mucosa were investigated by real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of TAS2Rs and Ca(2+) imaging in cultured epithelial cells were measured after stimulation with type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) or bitter tastes. Nasal symptoms in control subjects and allergic rhinitis patients using visual analogue score and acoustic rhinometry were evaluated before and after stimulation with bitter tastes. Vascular diameter of rat nasal septum was measured before and after treatment with bitter tastes. RESULTS TAS2Rs tested here were expressed in nasal mucosa where they were commonly distributed in superficial epithelium, submucosal glands, and endothelium. Their expression levels are increased in allergic nasal mucosa and up-regulated in cultured epithelial cells simulated with type 2 cytokines. After treatment with bitter tastes, intracellular Ca(2+) signalling was increased in cultured epithelial cells, and vascular constriction was found in rat nasal septum. Increased nasal patency was observed in human nasal mucosa without pain or sneezing. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE TAS2Rs are constitutively expressed in human nasal mucosa and their expression levels are increased in allergic nasal mucosa, where they could potentially contribute to shrinkage of normal and allergic nasal mucosa.
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Chung JH, Byun H, Lee SH, Park CW, Jang EY. Temperament and character traits in patients with tinnitus: a prospective case series with comparisons. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 42:397-403. [PMID: 27930870 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the personality traits of temperament and character in patients with tinnitus and to identify differences in these traits associated with the severity of tinnitus. STUDY DESIGN Case series with comparisons. SETTING Tertiary referral centre. PARTICIPANTS From January to December 2014, one hundred and thirty-four adult patients with chronic subjective tinnitus completed psychoacoustic measurements of tinnitus and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). MEASUREMENTS Personality traits were assessed by the TCI. The TCI assesses seven dimensions of personality traits and four temperaments 'novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, persistence', as well as three characters 'self-directedness, cooperativeness, self-transcendence'. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The values of the TCI parameters in the tinnitus patients were compared with reference data from a non-institutional adult population, and associations between TCI parameter values and tinnitus severity were evaluated. RESULTS In terms of temperament, tinnitus patients had higher scores for 'harm avoidance', whereas scores for 'novelty seeking', 'reward dependence' and 'persistence' were significantly lower than the reference. In terms of character, lower 'cooperativeness' and 'self-transcendence' were identified in the subjects with tinnitus. The 'novelty seeking' score was inversely related to tinnitus severity (r = -0.285, P = 0.001), while other temperament and character traits did not show significant correlations. CONCLUSIONS There may be a connection between tinnitus and personality traits, especially in the case of 'novelty seeking', which is relatively constant over a lifetime. The TCI questionnaire may be useful in facilitating the application of personality traits to tailored counselling for tinnitus.
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Yamada I, Funaba H, Yasuhara R, Hayashi H, Kenmochi N, Minami T, Yoshikawa M, Ohta K, Lee JH, Lee SH. Calibrations of the LHD Thomson scattering system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:11E531. [PMID: 27910483 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Thomson scattering diagnostic systems are widely used for the measurements of absolute local electron temperatures and densities of fusion plasmas. In order to obtain accurate and reliable temperature and density data, careful calibrations of the system are required. We have tried several calibration methods since the second LHD experiment campaign in 1998. We summarize the current status of the calibration methods for the electron temperature and density measurements by the LHD Thomson scattering diagnostic system. Future plans are briefly discussed.
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Lee JH, Lee SH, Yamada I. Design of practical alignment device in KSTAR Thomson diagnostic. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:11E544. [PMID: 27910383 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The precise alignment of the laser path and collection optics in Thomson scattering measurements is essential for accurately determining electron temperature and density in tokamak experiments. For the last five years, during the development stage, the KSTAR tokamak's Thomson diagnostic system has had alignment fibers installed in its optical collection modules, but these lacked a proper alignment detection system. In order to address these difficulties, an alignment verifying detection device between lasers and an object field of collection optics is developed. The alignment detection device utilizes two types of filters: a narrow laser band wavelength for laser, and a broad wavelength filter for Thomson scattering signal. Four such alignment detection devices have been successfully developed for the KSTAR Thomson scattering system in this year, and these will be tested in KSTAR experiments in 2016. In this paper, we present the newly developed alignment detection device for KSTAR's Thomson scattering diagnostics.
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Lee SH, Yun JM, Kim SH, Seo YG, Min H, Chung E, Bae YS, Ryou IS, Cho B. Association between bone mineral density and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:1329-1336. [PMID: 27561910 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with various metabolic abnormalities that can increase the risk of an osteoporotic fracture. Across the few previous studies of the association between NAFLD and bone mineral density (BMD), the association was not consistent. We examined the association between BMD and NAFLD in generally healthy adults. METHODS The subjects who visited the Seoul National University Hospital for health checkup between 2005 and 2015 were included. Men aged more than 40 and postmenopausal women were included. Lumbar spine and femoral neck (FN) BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Liver ultrasonography was conducted to evaluate the extent of fatty changes. After excluding subjects with a secondary cause of liver disease such as heavy drinking or viral hepatitis, multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for possible cofactors was performed to investigate the association between BMD and NAFLD. RESULTS A total of 6634 subjects was included in this study (men:women = 3306:3328). Multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between FN BMD and NAFLD in men (β = -0.013, p = 0.029). However, there was a positive correlation between lumbar spine BMD and NAFLD in postmenopausal women (β = 0.022, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Moderate or severe NAFLD exerted a detrimental effect on FN BMD in men. However, moderate or severe NAFLD had a positive effect on lumbar spine BMD in postmenopausal women. Potential sex-specific differences of the effect of NAFLD on BMD need to be elucidated further.
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Lee J, Ji SC, Kim B, Yi S, Shin KH, Cho JY, Lim KS, Lee SH, Yoon SH, Chung JY, Yu KS, Park HS, Kim SH, Jang IJ. Exploration of Biomarkers for Amoxicillin/Clavulanate-Induced Liver Injury: Multi-Omics Approaches. Clin Transl Sci 2016; 10:163-171. [PMID: 27785887 PMCID: PMC5421739 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore potential biomarkers for amoxicillin/clavulanate‐induced liver injury (AC‐DILI), we conducted a clinical trial in 32 healthy subjects based on multi‐omics approaches. Every subject was administered amoxicillin/clavulanate for 14 days. The liver‐specific microRNA‐122 (miR‐122) level increased prior to and correlated well with the observed alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level increase. This result indicates its potential as a sensitive early marker for AC‐DILI. We also identified urinary metabolites, such as azelaic acid and 7‐methylxanthine, with levels that significantly differed among the groups classified by ALT elevation level on day 8 after drug administration (P < 0.05). Lymphocyte proliferation in response to the drug was also observed. These findings demonstrate sequential changes in the process of AC‐DILI, including metabolic changes, increased miR‐122 level, increased liver enzyme activity, and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation after drug administration. In conclusion, this study provides potential biomarkers for AC‐DILI based on currently known mechanisms using comprehensive multi‐omics approaches.
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190
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Lee SH, Yeon MH, Shim JK. Conservation implications of the genetic diversity of Gymnospermium microrrhynchum in Korea. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2016; 15:gmr-15-gmr15048843. [PMID: 27813584 DOI: 10.4238/gmr15048843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gymnospermium microrrhynchum (Berberidaceae) is an ephemeral perennial herb with a limited distributional range in the Baekdudaegan mountain areas of the Korean Peninsula, and is designated a rare plant by the Korean Forest Service. Information about its genetic variation and structure is important for developing successful conservation strategies. To investigate the genetic variation within and among seven G. microrrhynchum populations, random amplified polymorphic DNA data were obtained for 207 individuals. The populations exhibited relatively low genetic diversity: the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranged from 32.1 to 66.7% (mean = 51.4%) and Nei's gene diversity (HE) ranged from 0.116 to 0.248 (mean = 0.188). However, genetic diversity at the species level was relatively high (PPB = 98.7%, HE = 0.349). An analysis of molecular variance revealed high differentiation among populations (ΦST = 0.6818), but the low gene flow value (Nm = 0.117) suggests a low level of gene exchange occurs among populations. Principal coordinates analysis revealed that individuals were separated according to population. The high level of genetic differentiation and restricted gene flow among G. microrrhynchum populations, which resulted from their isolation in alpine areas after the Ice Age, indicates that it is essential to protect and manage all populations, rather than focus on specific populations, in order to maintain the genetic diversity of this species.
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Song KH, Jung SI, Lee S, Park S, Kiem SM, Lee SH, Kwak YG, Kim YK, Jang HC, Kim YS, Kim HI, Kim CJ, Park KH, Kim NJ, Oh MD, Kim HB. Characteristics of cefazolin inoculum effect-positive methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus infection in a multicentre bacteraemia cohort. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 36:285-294. [PMID: 27714592 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cefazolin treatment failure has been observed in high-inoculum infections caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) with a cefazolin inoculum effect (CIE). However, data on the characteristics and risk factors for the acquisition of CIE-positive MSSA infection are scarce. CIE positivity was measured as an MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml with a high inoculum (∼5 × 107 CFU/ml). The blaZ gene type was assessed through sequence analysis. The clinical characteristics and risk factors for the acquisition of CIE-positive MSSA infection were assessed. The association between the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and CIE positivity was evaluated. A total of 303 MSSA bacteraemia cases and their corresponding isolates were collected from ten hospitals: 61 (20.1 %) isolates showed a positive CIE; 254 (83.8 %) were positive for the blaZ gene. No significant association was found between CIE positivity and the site of infection. Metastatic cancer (aOR 2.86, 95 % CI, 1.10-7.48) and recent (≤1 month) close contact with a chronically ill patient (aOR 4.69, 95 % CI, 1.76-12.50) were identified as significant risk factors for CIE-positive MSSA infection through multivariate analyses. Resistances to clindamycin (OR 3.55, 95 % CI, 1.62-7.80) and erythromycin (OR 5.00, 95 % CI, 2.50-9.99) were associated with CIE positivity, presenting high specificity (92.9 %) and a negative predictive value (82.3 %). CIE-positive MSSA constituted approximately one-fifth of MSSA bacteraemia cases. Although CIE positivity was not clinically discernible, CIE positivity was associated with clindamycin or erythromycin susceptibility. Therefore, our findings suggest that cefazolin can be used in the treatment of high-inoculum MSSA infection if the isolates are susceptible to clindamycin or erythromycin.
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Gil YC, Shin KJ, Lee SH, Koh KS, Song WC. Anatomy of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2016; 41:843-7. [PMID: 26763273 DOI: 10.1177/1753193415622188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to provide a clear description of the course, precise branching pattern and distribution of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. A total of 36 hands from 18 preserved cadavers were dissected. The vertical distance from the pisoscaphoid line to the crossing points between the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and each metacarpal was about 4 cm. The deep branch of the ulnar nerve gave off two types of muscular branches: (1) trunks that innervate more than two intrinsic hand muscles; and (2) multiple separate branches innervating only a single muscle. The median numbers of trunks and separate branches were 5 and 6, respectively. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Lee SH, Ahn HJ, Yeon SM, Yang M, Kim JA, Jung DM, Park JH. Potentially modifiable risk factors for atrial fibrillation following lung resection surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Anaesthesia 2016; 71:1424-1430. [PMID: 27666330 DOI: 10.1111/anae.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent arrhythmia after thoracic surgery and is associated with increased hospital costs, morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to identify potentially modifiable risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation following lung resection surgery and to suggest possible measures to reduce risk. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 4731 patients who underwent lobectomy or more major lung resection over a 6-year period. Patients who developed atrial fibrillation postoperatively and required treatment were included in the postoperative atrial fibrillation group, while the remaining patients were assigned to the non-postoperative atrial fibrillation group. Risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation were analysed by multivariate analysis and propensity score matching. Overall, 12% of patients developed postoperative atrial fibrillation. Potentially modifiable risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation were excessive alcohol consumption (odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% CI 1.08-2.02, p = 0.0140), red cell transfusion (2.70(2.13-3.43), p < 0.0001), use of inotropes (1.81(1.42-2.31), p < 0.0001) and open (vs. thoracoscopic) surgery (1.59(1.23-2.05), p < 0.0001). Compared with inotrope use, vasopressor administration was not related to postoperative atrial fibrillation. Use of steroids or thoracic epidural anaesthesia did not reduce the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. We conclude that high alcohol consumption, red cell transfusion, use of inotropes and open surgery are potentially modifiable risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation. Pre-operative alcohol consumption needs to be addressed. Avoiding red cell transfusion and performing lung resection via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may reduce the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation and the administration of vasopressors rather than inotropes is preferred.
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Hosseindoust AR, Lee SH, Kim JS, Choi YH, Kwon IK, Chae BJ. Productive performance of weanling piglets was improved by administration of a mixture of bacteriophages, targeted to control Coliforms and Clostridium spp. shedding in a challenging environment. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:e98-e107. [PMID: 27670132 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of bacteriophages in different environments on growth performance, digestibility, ileal and caecal microbiota, gut morphology and immunity of weanling pigs. Two hundred piglets were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with five replicate pens with 10 pigs per pen. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to investigate the response of weanling pigs to supplemental bacteriophages (0 and 1.0 g/kg of diet) in contaminated or hygienic environments. Bacteriophages supplementation did not affect average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain:feed in phases I and III; however, there was a significant improvement in ADG and gain:feed in phase II. The supplementation of bacteriophages increased the overall gain:feed of pigs. The overall result showed a greater ADG and ADFI in hygienic room. There were reductions in population of both ileal (p < 0.05) and caecal (p < 0.01) Clostridium spp. and ileal coliforms (p < 0.01) with the inclusion of bacteriophages in the diet. Bacteriophages increased ileal Lactobacillus and caecal Bifidobacterium and tended to increase ileal Bifidobacterium (p = 0.08). Contaminated environment decreased ileal Lactobacillus and caecal Bifidobacterium and tended to increase ileal Clostridium (p = 0.08) and coliforms (p = 0.08). Total anaerobic bacteria was tended to decrease (p = 0.06) in contaminated environment. Jejunal villus height increased in pigs received bacteriophages, but they did not affect other morphological items. The interaction between bacteriophages and environment tended to be significant (p = 0.06) for ileal villus height and ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio. The overall faecal score was significantly greater in hygienic environment and bacteriophages groups. The present findings indicate that there is an interactive effect on feed efficiency between bacteriophages and contaminated environment. In addition, bacteriophages improve jejunum morphology, and intestinal microbiota of pigs.
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Sudrajad P, Seo DW, Choi TJ, Park BH, Roh SH, Jung WY, Lee SS, Lee JH, Kim S, Lee SH. Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium and past effective population size in three Korean cattle breeds. Anim Genet 2016; 48:85-89. [PMID: 27642108 DOI: 10.1111/age.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The routine collection and use of genomic data are useful for effectively managing breeding programs for endangered populations. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) using high-density DNA markers has been widely used to determine population structures and predict the genomic regions that are associated with economic traits in beef cattle. The extent of LD also provides information about historical events, including past effective population size (Ne ), and it allows inferences on the genetic diversity of breeds. The objective of this study was to estimate the LD and Ne in three Korean cattle breeds that are genetically similar but have different coat colors (Brown, Brindle and Jeju Black Hanwoo). Brindle and Jeju Black are endangered breeds with small populations, whereas Brown Hanwoo is the main breeding population in Korea. DNA samples from these cattle breeds were genotyped using the Illumina BovineSNP50 Bead Chip. We examined 13 cattle breeds, including European taurines, African taurines and indicines, and hybrids to compare their LD values. Brown Hanwoo consistently had the lowest mean LD compared to Jeju Black, Brindle and the other 13 cattle breeds (0.13, 0.19, 0.21 and 0.15-0.22 respectively). The high LD values of Brindle and Jeju Black contributed to small Ne values (53 and 60 respectively), which were distinct from that of Brown Hanwoo (531) for 11 generations ago. The differences in LD and Ne for each breed reflect the breeding strategy applied. The Ne for these endangered cattle breeds remain low; thus, effort is needed to bring them back to a sustainable tract.
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Al-Sanea MM, Abdelazem AZ, Park BS, Yoo KH, Sim T, Kwon YJ, Lee SH. ROS1 Kinase Inhibitors for Molecular-Targeted Therapies. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:142-60. [PMID: 26438251 DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666151006093623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ROS1 is a pivotal transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase which regulates several cellular processes like apoptosis, survival, differentiation, proliferation, cell migration, and transformation. There is increasing evidence supporting that ROS1 plays an important role in different malignancies including glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, ovarian cancer, angiosarcoma, and non small cell lung cancer; thus, ROS1 has become a potential drug discovery target. ROS1 shares about 49% sequence homology with ALK primary structure; therefore, wide range of ALK kinase inhibitors have shown in vitro inhibitory activity against ROS1 kinase. After Crizotinib approval by FDA for the management of ALK-rearranged lung cancer, ROS1-positive tumors have been focused. Although significant advancements have been achieved in understanding ROS1 function and its signaling pathways plus recent discovery of small molecules modulating ROS1 protein, a vital need of medicinal chemistry efforts is still required to produce selective and potent ROS1 inhibitors as an important therapeutic strategy for different human malignancies. This review focuses on the current knowledge about different scaffolds targeting ROS1 rearrangements, methods to synthesis, and some biological data about the most potent compounds that have delivered various scaffold structures.
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Park DA, Yun JE, Kim SW, Lee SH. Surgical and clinical safety and effectiveness of robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy compared to conventional laparoscopy and laparotomy for cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016; 43:994-1002. [PMID: 27546015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the surgical safety and clinical effectiveness of RH versus LH and laparotomy for cervical cancer. METHODS We searched Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, and the Cochrane library through May 2015, and checked references of relevant studies. We selected the comparative studies reported the surgical safety (overall; peri-operative; and post-operative complications; death within 30 days; and specific morbidities), and clinical effectiveness (survival; recurrence; length of stay [LOS]; estimated blood loss [EBL]; operative time [OT]) and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS Fifteen studies comparing RH with OH and 11 comparing RH with LH were identified. No significant differences were found in survival outcomes. The LOS was shorter and transfusion rate was lower with RH compared to OH or LH. EBL was significantly reduced with RH compared to OH. Compared to OH, overall complications, urinary infection, wound infection, and fever were significantly less frequent with RH. The overall, peri-operative, and post-operative complications were similar in other comparisons. Several patient-reported outcomes were improved with RH, though each outcome was reported in only one study. CONCLUSIONS RH appears to have a positive effect in reducing overall complications, individual adverse events including wound infection, fever, urinary tract infection, transfusion, LOS, EBL, and time to diet than OH for cervical cancer patients. Compared to LH, the current evidence is not enough to clearly determine its clinical safety and effectiveness. Further rigorous prospective studies with long-term follow-up that overcome the many limitations of the current evidence are needed.
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Ahn SH, Roh HJ, Cho HJ, You SG, Lee SH, Kwon YS. Pure non-gestational choriocarcinoma arising in the ovary. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2016; 37:549-553. [PMID: 29894083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-gestational choriocarcinoma (NGCO) is a rare primary ovarian cancer with poor prognosis. It is important to distinguish it from gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma (GCO), because there are different treatment options. However, it is difficult to distinguish the two types by routine histologic, ultrastructural, or immunohistochemical examination. The authors present NGCO in a 41-year-old woman, which was confirmed by DNA polymorphism analysis. All tested microsatellite markers had identical DNA profiles with the same allelic sizes between tumor and normal myometrium of the patient, indicating that both tissues originated from the same person. The results confirmed that the tumor was non-gestational in origin. Although the tumor was large, the authors performed hand- assisted laparoscopic surgical (HALS) staging. After three cycles of combination chemotherapy and surgery, the patient has not had any evidence of disease 48 months after treatment. This case demonstrates the usefulness of HALS staging and DNA polymorphism analysis in NGCO.
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Bae SJ, Lee SH, Ahn SH, Kim HM, Kim BJ, Koh JM. The circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate level predicts incident fracture in postmenopausal women: a 3.5-year follow-up observation study. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2533-41. [PMID: 26984570 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A high level of circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is associated with a high incidence of osteoporotic fracture and a high rate of an insufficient response to bisphosphonate therapy. INTRODUCTION Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a significant regulator of bone metabolism. Recently, we found that a high plasma S1P level is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD), high levels of bone resorption markers (BRMs), and a high risk of prevalent vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. We investigated the possibility that S1P is a predictor of incident fracture. METHODS A total of 248 postmenopausal women participated in this longitudinal study and were followed up for a mean duration of 3.5 years (untreated [n = 76] or treated with bisphosphonate or hormone replacement therapy [n = 172]). The baseline plasma S1P level and prevalent and incident fracture occurrence were assessed. RESULTS A high S1P level was significantly associated with a higher rate of prevalent fracture after adjusting for femoral neck (FN) BMD, BRM, and potential confounders (odds ratio = 2.05; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-4.00). Incident fractures occurred more frequently in the highest S1P tertile (T3) than in the lower two tertiles (T1-2) after adjusting for confounders, including baseline FN BMD, prevalent fracture, antiosteoporotic medication, annualized changes in FN BMD, BRM, and potential confounders (hazard ratio = 5.52; 95 % CI = 1.04-56.54). Insufficient response to bisphosphonate therapy occurred more frequently in T3 than T1-2 (odds ratio = 4.43; 95 % CI = 1.02-21.25). CONCLUSIONS The plasma S1P level may be a potential predictor of fracture occurrence and an insufficient response to bisphosphonate therapy in postmenopausal women.
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Kim BC, Kim YE, Chang HJ, Lee SH, Youk EG, Lee DS, Lee JB, Lee EJ, Kim MJ, Sohn DK, Oh JH. Lymph node size is not a reliable criterion for predicting nodal metastasis in rectal neuroendocrine tumours. Colorectal Dis 2016; 18:O243-51. [PMID: 27166857 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study was designed to assess the correlation between lymph node (LN) size and LN metastasis in patients with rectal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). METHOD Forty patients who underwent curative resection with lymphadenectomy for a rectal NET between January 2007 and December 2012 were included. The short and long diameters of entire nodes were microscopically measured using a slide gauge. RESULTS In all, 1052 LNs were collected from the 40 patients, with 49 (4.7%) showing evidence of metastasis. Metastasis-positive LNs had significantly greater long and short diameters (P < 0.001) than metastasis-negative LNs. Of the 49 metastatic LNs, 29 (59.2%) were ≤ 5 mm in largest diameter. In five patients, the largest metastatic LN was only 2-3 mm in diameter. In clinically node-negative (cN0) patients, 18 (51.4%) patients had metastatic LNs (pN1). CONCLUSION The size of LNs containing metastasis varied widely, with some being very small. LN size alone is therefore not a sufficient predictor of tumour metastasis in rectal NETs. Radical surgery with lymphadenectomy should be considered for patients with rectal NETs with high risk factors for LN metastasis, even those without LN enlargement.
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