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Middleton PM, Davies SR, Anand S, Reinten-Reynolds T, Marial O, Middleton JW. The pre-hospital epidemiology and management of spinal cord injuries in New South Wales: 2004-2008. Injury 2012; 43:480-5. [PMID: 22244002 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients who have sustained a traumatic spinal cord injury require appropriate management in the immediate post-injury period for both survival and to reduce the chances of costly and disabling permanent neurological deficits. Emerging time-critical neuroprotective therapies require the prompt recognition and transfer of patients to a specialised centre for early intervention. METHODS The Ambulance Research Institute, with the New South Wales State Spinal Cord Injury Service retrospectively linked prehospital data to spinal cord injury unit (SCIU) outcome data for all 324 patients transported by ambulance and subsequently admitted to a SCIU with a persisting traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) between January 2004 and June 2008, with the aim of identifying factors that impact on the provision of timely and appropriate care. RESULTS Paramedics appropriately managed 88% of SCI patients. Only 4.9% of patients had initial vital signs potentially indicative of neurological injury. The median time to a SCIU was 12h, with 60% of patients undergoing multiple transfers. The odds of reaching a SCIU in over 24h were 1.71 times greater for patients injured in a major city (95% CI 1.00-2.90) in comparison to other areas of NSW. More SCI patients with multiple trauma experienced delays in reaching a SCIU (59%), compared to patients with isolated SCI (40%; p=0.039). Patients initially transported to a designated major trauma centre were more likely to be delayed in reaching a SCIU, regardless of whether their injury was an isolated SCI or associated with multiple trauma, compared with other patients. Patients who took greater than 24h to reach a SCIU were 2.5 times more likely to develop a secondary complication (95% CI 1.51-4.17, p=0.0004). Patients who sustained their SCI as a result of a low fall were older and less likely to have their SCI identified and treated early, with less than half of this group reaching a SCIU within 24h compared with other SCI patients (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.93, p=0.004). CONCLUSION Early recognition, appropriate prehospital management, triage, timely and appropriate interfacility transfers of all SCI patients are critical for access to specialised care and reducing preventable complications. Elderly fallers present particular challenges to early identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Middleton
- Ambulance Research Institute, Rozelle, NSW 2039, Australia
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Rout K, Mohapatra M, Anand S. 2-Line ferrihydrite: synthesis, characterization and its adsorption behaviour for removal of Pb(ii), Cd(ii), Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) from aqueous solutions. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:3302-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11651k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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153
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Anand S, Samaniego M, Kaul D. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is rare in renal transplant recipients receiving only one month of prophylaxis. Transpl Infect Dis 2011; 13:570-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Samaniego
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Internal Medicine
| | - D.R. Kaul
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Internal Medicine; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor; Michigan; USA
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154
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MacLean S, Khan WS, Malik AA, Snow M, Anand S. Tendon regeneration and repair with stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2012:316281. [PMID: 25098364 PMCID: PMC3205775 DOI: 10.1155/2012/316281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stems cells in tendon repair is of particular interest given the frequency of tendon injuries worldwide together with the technical difficulty often encountered when repairing or augmenting tendons. Stems cells have the capability to differentiate into a variety of different cell types including osteocytes and tenocytes, and if normal architecture of damaged tendon (either macroscopic or microscopic) could be restored, this would significantly improve the management of patients with these injuries. There is already encouraging research on the use of stems cells clinically although considerable further work is required to improve knowledge and clinical applications of stem cells in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. MacLean
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - W. S. Khan
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - A. A. Malik
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - M. Snow
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham B31 2AP, UK
| | - S. Anand
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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155
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Huang M, Anand S, Murphy EA, Desgrosellier JS, Stupack DG, Shattil SJ, Schlaepfer DD, Cheresh DA. EGFR-dependent pancreatic carcinoma cell metastasis through Rap1 activation. Oncogene 2011; 31:2783-93. [PMID: 21963850 PMCID: PMC3711644 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptors play an essential role in various aspects of tumor progression. In particular, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands have been implicated in the growth and dissemination of a wide array of human carcinomas. Here, we describe an EGFR-mediated signaling pathway that regulates human pancreatic carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis, yet does not influence the growth of primary tumors. In fact, ligation/activation of EGFR induces Src-dependent phosphorylation of two critical tyrosine residues of p130CAS, leading to assembly of a CAS/Nck1 complex that promotes Rap1 signaling. Importantly, GTP loading of Rap1 is specifically required for pancreatic carcinoma cell migration on vitronectin, but not on collagen. Furthermore, Rap1 activation is required for EGFR-mediated metastasis in vivo without impacting primary tumor growth. These findings identify a molecular pathway that promotes the invasive/metastatic properties of human pancreatic carcinomas driven by EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huang
- Department of Pathology, Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093-1503, USA
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156
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Abstract
AIM AND BACKGROUND A simple, sensitive and rapid method was developed for quantitation of theophylline in rabbit plasma utilizing Triple Quadrupole LC/MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS An aliquot of 0.1 mL of plasma sample was extracted with ethyl acetate using Heidolph Vortex. The chromatographic separation was performed by using HyPURITY ADVANCE™ C18 Column (3 × 50 mm) with a mobile phase of 80% methanol and 20% 2 mM ammonium acetate buffer followed by MS/MS detection. The analyte was quantitated in positive ionization mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using the transition m/z 181.1→124.2 and m/z 180.2→110.1 was performed to quantify theophylline with internal standard (IS, Phenacetin), respectively. The method had a total chromatographic runtime of 3 min and linear calibration curves over the concentration range of 50.418-5062.063 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 50.418 ng/mL Sodium heparin (3.50%) used as an anticoagulant to prepare rabbit plasma and samples were maintained at 10°C in the auto sampler during the assay period. Inter and intraday batch precision and accuracy of the method were determined by using six quality control samples. RESULTS Average accuracies for the assay were 89 to 106%, inter and intra-day coefficients variation (CV) of <9% and the recovery is 39.30% for theophylline and 57.00% for Phenacetin. CONCLUSION Currently we are extensively using this method in our laboratory for quantitative analysis of theophylline in rabbit plasma samples and proved to be simple, accurate and precise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Suresh Babu
- Drug Discovery Research, Bioanalytical Division, G7 Synergon Private Limited, No. 537, 9 Cross, 5 Main, Tata Nagar, Sahakaranagar Post, Bangalore, India
| | - B. Thippeswamy
- Drug Discovery Research, Bioanalytical Division, G7 Synergon Private Limited, No. 537, 9 Cross, 5 Main, Tata Nagar, Sahakaranagar Post, Bangalore, India
| | - A. B. Vinod
- Drug Discovery Research, Bioanalytical Division, G7 Synergon Private Limited, No. 537, 9 Cross, 5 Main, Tata Nagar, Sahakaranagar Post, Bangalore, India
| | - E. G. Ramakishore
- Drug Discovery Research, Bioanalytical Division, G7 Synergon Private Limited, No. 537, 9 Cross, 5 Main, Tata Nagar, Sahakaranagar Post, Bangalore, India
| | - S. Anand
- Drug Discovery Research, Bioanalytical Division, G7 Synergon Private Limited, No. 537, 9 Cross, 5 Main, Tata Nagar, Sahakaranagar Post, Bangalore, India
| | - Duraisamy Senthil
- Drug Discovery Research, Bioanalytical Division, G7 Synergon Private Limited, No. 537, 9 Cross, 5 Main, Tata Nagar, Sahakaranagar Post, Bangalore, India
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Green J, Schwartz A, Anand S, Wilkis A, Denny M, Glynn P, Gerkin R. 12 Development of a Real-Time Patient Satisfaction Survey for Emergency Departments. Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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158
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Abstract
The extremities remain the most common sites of wounding in combat, and are often a combination of injures to soft tissues, bones, vessels and nerves. While these injuries are managed only after life threatening injuries are tackled first, precise evaluation and prompt management strategies to attain optimal outcome remain the goals of treatment. With advancements in tourniquet science, broader spectrum antibiotics, use of negative pressure wound therapy, easier options for fracture stabilization and continuously evolving reconstructive procedures have all increased the tools available to the surgeon to salvage severely damaged limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Sinha
- Senior Advisor, Surgery & Orthopaedics, Military Hospital, Kirkee
| | - S Anand
- Reader, Department of Surgery; AFMC, Pune-40
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159
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Kumar P, Verma A, Roy B, Rajput S, Ojha S, Anand S, Yadav P, Arora J, De S, Goswami SI, Datta TK. Effect of varying glucose concentrations during in vitro maturation and embryo culture on efficiency of in vitro embryo production in buffalo. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:269-73. [PMID: 21762215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to optimize glucose level at different stages of buffalo in vitro embryo production procedure. Three glucose levels (1.5, 5.6 and 10 mm) along with a control (0 mm) were used at three phases of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) procedure viz. in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro culture (IVC-I) (12-72 hpi) and IVC-II (72 hpi to 7 dpi). Maturation rate of oocytes was found different under different glucose concentrations, and significantly more number of oocytes reached to MII under 5.6 mm glucose. The glucose levels at each phase (IVM, IVC-I and IVC-II) individually had significant effect on blastocyst rate, and the level used at one phase had significant effect on the outcome of next phase. Complete withdrawal of glucose from any of these stages irrespective of concentrations used at subsequent stage/s resulted in significantly lower number of blastocysts. However, the changing levels of glucose had differential effects during different phases of IVF steps. The most prominent effect of glucose level was observed during IVM. The presence of 5.6 mm glucose at all stages was most effective to yield highest blastocyst rate in buffalo IVF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Department of Haematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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160
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Maytin E, Anand S, Ortel B, Hasan T. Combination therapy using methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and vitamin D as PpIX-elevating agents followed by ALA-PDT of skin tumors: Mechanisms of action. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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161
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Walker R, Ruderman I, Masterson R, Cohney S, Salvadori M, Conti P, Bertoni E, Durrbach A, Citterio F, Mulloy L, David-Neto E, Russ G, Vitko S, Zhang R, Xing J, Harler MB, Grinyo J, Rugiu C, Trubian A, Bernich P, Lupo A, Asbe-Vollkopf A, Pannu A, Hoefeld H, Gauer S, Gossmann J, Kachel HG, Froese S, Korom S, Geiger H, Hauser IA, Liefeldt L, Kluener C, Glander P, Giessing M, Gralla O, Neumayer HH, Budde K, Kroencke T, Liborio AB, Barros RM, Esmeraldo RM, Oliveira MLMB, Nogueira Paes FJV, Mendoza TR, Silva Junior GB, Daher EF, Siekierka-Harreis M, Bantis C, Kouri NM, Schwandt C, Rump LC, Ivens K, Slatinska J, Honsova E, Burgelova M, Slimackova E, Viklicky O, Tabernero G, Rivero K, Fernandez G, Canueto J, Garcia P, Fraile P, Lucas C, Tabernero JM, Bargnoux AS, Simon N, Garrigue V, Dupuy AM, Mourad G, Cristol JP, Yapici U, Kers J, Bemelman F, Roelofs J, Groothoff J, van der Loos C, van Donselaar-van der Pant K, Idu M, Claessen N, ten Berge I, Florquin S, Knap B, Dragonja Z, Dobnik S, Buturovic Ponikvar J, Ponikvar R, Kandus A, Bren A, Hauser IA, Kleemann J, Gauer S, Engel J, Winter S, Hoefeld H, Asbe-Vollkopf A, Brzoska M, Obermueller N, Geiger H, Schaeffeler E, Oldak M, Pazik J, Lewandowski Z, Sitarek E, Dabrowski M, Ploski R, Malejczyk J, Durlik M, Slubowska K, Urbanowicz A, Sadowska A, Lichodziejewska B, Kurnicka K, Galazka Z, Chmura A, Durlik M, Masin-Spasovska J, Spasovski G, Petrusevska G, Popov Z, Ivanovski N, Di Napoli A, Salvatori MF, Franco F, Di Lallo D, Guasticchi G, Sancho A, Gavela E, Beltran S, Kanter J, Alemany B, Crespo JF, Pallardo LM, Lionet A, Beuscart JB, Buob D, BenHenda A, Provot F, Hazzan M, Noel C, Galan-Sanchez F, Marin-Casanova P, Mazuecos A, Garcia-Alvarez T, Aznar E, Rodriguez-Iglesias M, Ossareh S, Salami M, Mohammad E, Hosseini M, Pawlik A, Chudek J, Kolonko A, Wilk J, Jalowiecki P, Wiecek A, Zyablitskaya E, Galkina E, Yushina E, Botelho C, Aires P, Santos L, Romaozinho C, Macario F, Alves R, Veiga P, Mota A, Yashi M, Yagisawa T, Kimura T, Nukui A, Fujiwara T, Sakuma Y, Ishikawa N, Iwabuchi T, Muraishi O, Glander P, Hambach P, Liefeldt L, Neumayer HH, Budde K, Esmen S, Keven K, Sengul S, Ozcan M, Ensari A, Tuzuner A, Calayoglu R, Nergizoglu G, Gullu Koca T, Koca N, Ersoy A, Faria B, Bustorff M, Barros F, Tavares I, Santos J, Ferreira I, Sampaio S, Pestana M, Keven K, Suvak B, Sengul S, Kurultak I, Calayoglu R, Tutkak H, Choi HM, Yang HN, Jo SK, Cho WY, Kim HK, Aybal Kutlugun A, Altun B, Akman U, Aki T, Turkmen E, Yildirim T, Altindal M, Yilmaz R, Yasavul U, Gullu Koca T, Koca N, Ersoy A, Thiem U, Heinze G, Gossler U, Perkmann T, Kainberger F, Muhlbacher F, Horl W, Borchhardt K, Sanchez-Escuredo A, Holgado S, Biosca C, Granada ML, Barluenga E, Lauzurica R, Romero R, Espinal A, Torregrossa V, Bayes B, Tomida K, Hamano T, Fujii N, Ichimaru N, Matsui I, Isaka Y, Rakugi H, Takahara S, Gavela E, Sancho A, Kanter J, Beltran S, Avila A, Crespo JF, Pallardo LM, Dor F, Massey E, Frunza M, Johnson R, Lennerling A, Loven C, Mamode N, Pascalev A, Sterckx S, Van Assche K, Zuidema W, Weimar W, Botelho C, Aires P, Santos L, Romaozinho C, Macario F, Alves R, Veiga P, Mota A, Allwin R, Gauer S, Roessel, Hoefeld H, Brzoska M, Buettner S, Gossmann J, Belwe V, Geiger H, Hauser IA, Apaza J, Gonzalez E, Polanco N, Bengoa I, Cadenillas C, Andres A, Morales JM, Rocha S, Fonseca I, Martins LS, Vidinha J, Dias L, Almeida M, Pedroso S, Henriques A, Cabrita A, Neretljak I, Mihovilovic K, Vidas Z, Jurenec F, Knotek M, Justa S, Minz R, Minz M, Anand S, Sharma A, Lacquaniti A, Donato V, Chirico V, Pettinato G, Buemi M, Galle J, Addison J, Perry P, Claes K, Farouk M, Guerin A, Kiss I, Winearls C, Di Giulio S, Basic-Jukic N, Slavicek J, Bubic-Filipi L, Kes P, Scholbach T, Wang HK, Yang AH, Loong CC, Wu TH, Abboud I, Antoine C, Serrato T, Lefaucheur C, Pillebout E, Gaudez F, Fieux F, Flamant M, Verine J, Viglietti D, Peraldi MN, Glotz D. Transplantation: clinical studies (2). Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Neuro-cognitive dysfunctions are common clinical abnormalities found in society. They require objective analysis by various instruments; an important technique involves monitoring electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. To date, EEG machines have been robust, costly and require patients to come to a hospital for test. Therefore, we have constructed a simple, cheap and portable EEG instrument for wider patient use. It consists of two active digital EEG probes with two channels each, making it a four-channel portable acquisition system. It is further connected through a two-wire serial bus to the acquisition unit, which comprises an analogue to digital converter (ADC) and an ARM board processor with 2 GB memory and USB interface. The whole system is placed in a small box making it highly portable for wider use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Agarwal
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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163
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Justa S, Minz RW, Minz M, Sharma A, Anand S, Das A, Chawla YK, Sakhuja VK. Serial measurements of hepatitis C viral load by real-time polymerase chain reaction among recipients of living-donor renal transplants: a short-term follow-up study from a single center. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:3568-73. [PMID: 21094817 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among immunosuppressed patients including renal transplant recipients. The study investigated serum viral loads for up to 6 months posttransplantation among these patients. Serum viral load was serially monitored using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 25 HCV-positive renal transplant recipients pretransplantation as well as day 10 and 6 months posttransplantation. A liver biopsy specimen obtained under vision at the time of transplantation was analyzed for viral load as well as for histological changes. There was increased viremia at day 10 followed by a significant (2 log) reduction at 6 months posttransplantation. Pretransplantation serum and intrahepatic viral load showed significant positive correlations (r = 0.727; P = .001), the latter also reflecting liver fibrosis score (r = 0.423; P = .05). The findings suggested that serum viral load reflects intrahepatic viral load, which in turn correlates with liver fibrosis. At 6 months posttransplantation, the modulatory effects of immunosuppressive drugs and of the host immune response may lead to a reduced viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Justa
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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164
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Rao K, Anand S, Venkateswarlu P. Modeling the kinetics of Cd(II) adsorption on Syzygium cumini L leaf powder in a fixed bed mini column. J IND ENG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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165
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Mohapatra M, Rout K, Singh P, Anand S, Layek S, Verma HC, Mishra BK. Fluoride adsorption studies on mixed-phase nano iron oxides prepared by surfactant mediation-precipitation technique. J Hazard Mater 2011; 186:1751-1757. [PMID: 21232851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mixed nano iron oxides powder containing goethite (α-FeOOH), hematite (α-Fe(2)O(3)) and ferrihydrite (Fe(5)HO(8)·4H(2)O) was synthesized through surfactant mediation-precipitation route using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The X-ray diffraction, FTIR, TEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy were employed to characterize the sample. These studies confirmed the nano powder contained 77% goethite, 9% hematite and 14% ferrihydrite. Fluoride adsorption onto the synthesized sample was investigated using batch adsorption method. The experimental parameters chosen for adsorption studies were: pH (3.0-10.0), temperature (35-55°C), concentrations of adsorbent (0.5-3.0 g/L), adsorbate (10-100 mg/L) and some anions. Adsorption of fluoride onto mixed iron oxide was initially very fast followed by a slow adsorption phase. By varying the initial pH in the range of 3.0-10.0, maximum adsorption was observed at a pH of 5.75. Presence of either SO(4)(2-) or Cl(-) adversely affected the adsorption of fluoride in the order of SO(4)(2-)>Cl(-). The FTIR studies of fluoride loaded adsorbent showed that partly the adsorption on the surface took place at surface hydroxyl sites. Mössbauer studies indicated that the overall absorption had gone down after fluoride adsorption that implies it has reduced the crystalline bond strength. The relative absorption area of ferrihydrite was marginally increased from 14 to 17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohapatra
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Acharyavihar, Bhubaneswar 751 013, Orissa, India.
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167
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Mohapatra M, Mohapatra L, Singh P, Anand S, Mishra BK. A comparative study on Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Co(II) adsorption from single and binary aqueous solutions on additive assisted nano-structured goethite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4314/ijest.v2i8.63784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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168
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Abstract
This study compared the amount and pattern of fluoride release from a new glass-ionomer-based material (nano-ionomer) with other restorative materials and correlated the surface area to volume of nano-sized filler with its capacity to release fluoride in the powder, more quickly increasing the fluoride. The materials evaluated were a nano-ionomer (Ketac N 100), a conventional glass-ionomer cement (GC Fuji II), a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji II LC), a compomer (Dyract F) and a fluoride-releasing resin composite (Tetric N Flow). A resin composite (Synergy Flow) served as the control. Ten specimens were fabricated from each of these materials using a customized metal mold. The fluoride release was measured every 24 hours for the first seven days, and on days 14, 21 and 28, a combination fluoride ion—selective electrode connected to an ion analyzer. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (p=0.05). An initial fluoride “burst effect” was seen with all of the materials, except for the control and compomer. The conventional glass-ionomer cement showed the highest fluoride release on the first three days. The nano-ionomer showed the maximum release of fluoride for the remaining days. A low constant level of fluoride release was seen from the compomer and fluoride-releasing resin composite throughout the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Neelakantan
- Saveetha University, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Chennai, India.
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169
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170
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Gandhi T, Swami P, Santhosh J, Anand S. Dynamical neural activation in human brain during face recognition. IJBET 2011. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbet.2011.043175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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171
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Pathi SS, Jutooru I, Chadalapaka G, Sreevalsan S, Anand S, Thatcher GR, Safe S. GT-094, a NO-NSAID, inhibits colon cancer cell growth by activation of a reactive oxygen species-microRNA-27a: ZBTB10-specificity protein pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 9:195-202. [PMID: 21156786 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl 2-((2,3-bis(nitrooxy)propyl)disulfanyl)benzoate (GT-094) is a novel nitric oxide (NO) chimera containing an nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and NO moieties and also a disulfide pharmacophore that in itself exhibits cancer chemopreventive activity. In this study, the effects and mechanism of action of GT-094 were investigated in RKO and SW480 colon cancer cells. GT-094 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both cell lines and this was accompanied by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and these responses were reversed after cotreatment with the antioxidant glutathione. GT-094 also downregulated genes associated with cell growth [cyclin D1, hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)], survival (bcl-2, survivin), and angiogenesis [VEGF and its receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2)]. Results of previous RNA interference studies in this laboratory has shown that these genes are regulated, in part, by specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 that are overexpressed in colon and other cancer cell lines and not surprisingly, GT-094 also decreased Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 in colon cancer cells. GT-094-mediated repression of Sp and Sp-regulated gene products was due to downregulation of microRNA-27a (miR-27a) and induction of ZBTB10, an Sp repressor that is regulated by miR-27a in colon cancer cells. Moreover, the effects of GT-094 on Sp1, Sp3, Sp4, miR-27a, and ZBTB10 were also inhibited by glutathione suggesting that the anticancer activity of GT-094 in colon cancer cells is due, in part, to activation of an ROS-miR-27a:ZBTB10-Sp transcription factor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya S Pathi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, Vet. Res. Bldg. 410, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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172
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Gerstein HC, Islam S, Anand S, Almahmeed W, Damasceno A, Dans A, Lang CC, Luna MA, McQueen M, Rangarajan S, Rosengren A, Wang X, Yusuf S. Dysglycaemia and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in multiple ethnic groups: an analysis of 15,780 patients from the INTERHEART study. Diabetologia 2010; 53:2509-17. [PMID: 20711717 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Although diabetes is an established risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI), disease control may vary. HbA(1c) is a reliable index of ambient glucose levels and may provide more information on MI risk than diabetes status. METHODS The relationship between HbA(1c) levels in MI patients and controls who participated in the 52 country INTERHEART study was analysed. RESULTS In 15,780 participants with a HbA(1c) value (1,993 of whom had diabetes), the mean (SD) levels for HbA(1c) were 6.15% (1.10) in the 6,761 MI patients and 5.85% (0.80) in the control participants. After adjustment for age, sex and nine major MI risk factors (including diabetes), higher HbA(1c) fifths above the lowest fifth (HbA(1c) <5.4%) were associated with progressively higher OR of MI, with OR for the highest HbA(1c) fifth (≥ 6.12%) being 1.55 (95% CI 1.37-1.75). When analysed as a continuous variable after adjustment for the same factors, every 1% higher HbA(1c) value was associated with 19% (95% CI 14-23) higher odds of MI, while every 0.5% higher HbA(1c) was associated with 9% higher odds of MI (95% CI 7-11). Concordant relationships were noted across subgroups, with a higher OR noted in younger people, patients without diabetes or hypertension, and those from some regions and ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The HbA(1c) value provides more information on MI odds than self-reported diabetes status or many other established risk factors. Every 1% increment independently predicts a 19% higher odds of MI after accounting for other MI risk factors including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Gerstein
- The Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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173
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Boyko EJ, Gerstein HC, Mohan V, Yusuf S, Sheridan P, Anand S, Shaw JE. Effects of ethnicity on diabetes incidence and prevention: results of the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) trial. Diabet Med 2010; 27:1226-32. [PMID: 20950379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Risk of Type 2 diabetes varies by ethnicity, but whether ethnicity remains important among those who have impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose is uncertain. Whether the effect of thiazolidinedione treatment on diabetes prevention in persons with non-diabetic dysglycaemia varies by ethnicity is also not known. We addressed these questions using data collected in the DREAM trial. METHODS A 2-by-2 factorial double-blind randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of rosiglitazone and ramipril on the primary outcome of diabetes or death in persons meeting criteria for impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose. The effect of these interventions by ethnicity was estimated using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Of 5269 adults, 2365 were randomly assigned to rosiglitzone and 2634 to placebo. South Asians showed a higher hazard for the primary outcome compared with Europeans (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval 2.21, 1.41-3.47) adjusted for age, gender, BMI, waist-hip ratio and geographic region. A lesser increase in risk was seen in Black people (1.37, 1.04-1.81). A significant reduction in risk of the primary outcome with rosiglitazone treatment assignment was seen in all ethnic groups, but the treatment effect significantly differed by ethnicity (P=0.0242), with South Asians experiencing a smaller, and Latinos a larger preventive effect. CONCLUSIONS Ethnicity is an important risk factor for Type 2 diabetes in dysglycaemic persons. All ethnic groups experienced a large significant reduction in diabetes risk because of rosiglitazone. The magnitude of this reduction differed by ethnicity. Given the post hoc nature of this analysis, further confirmation of these findings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Boyko
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
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174
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Rana A, Ranjana W, Minz, Aggarwal R, Pasrija N, Anand S, Singh S. O25 Relative gene expression analysis of cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and its association with autoantibody profile and disease activity in pediatric SLE. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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175
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Minz RW, Rana A, Aggarwal R, Pasrija N, Anand S, Singh S. P12 Cytokine production, serum levels and disease activity in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus in North India cohort. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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176
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Belli C, Anand S, Panella M, Giovannini M, Tassi G, Fennell D, Mutti L. Will Antiangiogenic Agents be a Future for Mesothelioma Therapy? Curr Med Chem 2010; 17:3069-79. [DOI: 10.2174/092986710791959710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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177
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Muthusamy VS, Saravanababu C, Ramanathan M, Bharathi Raja R, Sudhagar S, Anand S, Lakshmi BS. Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and regulation of insulin signalling markers by caffeoyl derivatives of chicory ( Cichorium intybus) salad leaves. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:813-23. [PMID: 20444318 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510001480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Evaluations of molecular mechanisms of dietary plants with their active molecules are essential for the complete exploration of their nutritive and therapeutic value. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus) salad leaves in inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and evaluated their role in modulating the key markers involved in insulin cell signalling and adipogenesis using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Bioactivity-directed purification studies enlightened the additive effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) along with other caffeic acid derivatives present in methanolic extract of C. intybus (CME). Incubation of CME and CGA with 3T3-L1 adipocytes significantly enhanced the 2-deoxy-d-3[H]-glucose uptake and inhibited adipogenesis through altering the expressions of insulin signalling and adipogenesis markers. Extending to an in vivo model, the effect of CME was also investigated on insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet with low streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Supplementation of CME for 2 weeks reinstated the insulin sensitivity along with plasma metabolic profile. The present results demonstrate that the caffeoyl derivatives of chicory salad leaves show promising pharmacological effect on energy homoeostasis via PTP1B inhibition both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Muthusamy
- Centre for Biotechnology, Tissue Culture and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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178
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Burgess S, Thompson SG, Burgess S, Thompson SG, Andrews G, Samani NJ, Hall A, Whincup P, Morris R, Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Timpson N, Ebrahim S, Ben-Shlomo Y, Davey Smith G, Timpson N, Brown M, Ricketts S, Sandhu M, Reiner A, Psaty B, Lange L, Cushman M, Hung J, Thompson P, Beilby J, Warrington N, Palmer LJ, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Zacho J, Wu C, Lowe G, Tzoulaki I, Kumari M, Sandhu M, Yamamoto JF, Chiodini B, Franzosi M, Hankey GJ, Jamrozik K, Palmer L, Rimm E, Pai J, Psaty B, Heckbert S, Bis J, Anand S, Engert J, Collins R, Clarke R, Melander O, Berglund G, Ladenvall P, Johansson L, Jansson JH, Hallmans G, Hingorani A, Humphries S, Rimm E, Manson J, Pai J, Watkins H, Clarke R, Hopewell J, Saleheen D, Frossard R, Danesh J, Sattar N, Robertson M, Shepherd J, Schaefer E, Hofman A, Witteman JCM, Kardys I, Ben-Shlomo Y, Davey Smith G, Timpson N, de Faire U, Bennet A, Sattar N, Ford I, Packard C, Kumari M, Manson J, Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Anand S, Collins R, Casas JP, Danesh J, Davey Smith G, Franzosi M, Hingorani A, Lawlor DA, Manson J, Nordestgaard BG, Samani NJ, Sandhu M, Smeeth L, Wensley F, Anand S, Bowden J, Burgess S, Casas JP, Di Angelantonio E, Engert J, Gao P, Shah T, Smeeth L, Thompson SG, Verzilli C, Walker M, Whittaker J, Hingorani A, Danesh J. Bayesian methods for meta-analysis of causal relationships estimated using genetic instrumental variables. Stat Med 2010; 29:1298-311. [PMID: 20209660 DOI: 10.1002/sim.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic markers can be used as instrumental variables, in an analogous way to randomization in a clinical trial, to estimate the causal relationship between a phenotype and an outcome variable. Our purpose is to extend the existing methods for such Mendelian randomization studies to the context of multiple genetic markers measured in multiple studies, based on the analysis of individual participant data. First, for a single genetic marker in one study, we show that the usual ratio of coefficients approach can be reformulated as a regression with heterogeneous error in the explanatory variable. This can be implemented using a Bayesian approach, which is next extended to include multiple genetic markers. We then propose a hierarchical model for undertaking a meta-analysis of multiple studies, in which it is not necessary that the same genetic markers are measured in each study. This provides an overall estimate of the causal relationship between the phenotype and the outcome, and an assessment of its heterogeneity across studies. As an example, we estimate the causal relationship of blood concentrations of C-reactive protein on fibrinogen levels using data from 11 studies. These methods provide a flexible framework for efficient estimation of causal relationships derived from multiple studies. Issues discussed include weak instrument bias, analysis of binary outcome data such as disease risk, missing genetic data, and the use of haplotypes.
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179
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Sujatha S, Anand S, Sangeetha K, Shilpa K, Lakshmi J, Balakrishnan A, Lakshmi B. Biological evaluation of (3β)-STIGMAST-5-EN-3-OL as potent anti-diabetic agent in regulating glucose transport using in vitro model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdm.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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180
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Anand S, Muthusamy V, Sujatha S, Sangeetha K, Bharathi Raja R, Sudhagar S, Poornima Devi N, Lakshmi B. Aloe emodin glycosides stimulates glucose transport and glycogen storage through PI3K dependent mechanism in L6 myotubes and inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3L1 adipocytes. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:3170-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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181
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Hassan A, Anand S, Avadhanula M. Microscopic observation of multispecies biofilm of various structures on whey concentration membranes. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:2321-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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182
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Kanaujia A, Duggar R, Pannakal ST, Yadav SS, Katiyar CK, Bansal V, Anand S, Sujatha S, Lakshmi B. Insulinomimetic activity of two new gallotannins from the fruits of Capparis moonii. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3940-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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183
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Abstract
Electromechanical above-knee prosthetics are widely available, and are reliant on repetitive knee movements of fixed length/angle. This work explores the viability of developing adaptive movements on existing prototypes, through embedded controls from 8051-class 8-bit microcontroller units (MCUs). The system includes an integrated goniometer, intended for measuring the knee angle of the sound limb. The phase delay is subsequently processed to bring about kinematic coordination in the proposed echo-controlled prosthetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, 576104, India.
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184
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Bo ZM, Ghevariya V, Ahluwalia M, Veerabhadrappa K, Villani GM, Anand S. Barriers to colorectal cancer screening among African American population. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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185
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Abstract
Lower limb soft tissue injuries are commonly encountered in sports medicine especially in athletes and long distance runners. Dilemmas can exist in identifying the correct aetiology as it can frequently be multifactorial. Management of such injuries in lower limbs is evolving as more people perform physical exercise and play sport. This article is an overview of common lower limb soft tissue injuries seen in athletes. Lower extremity soft tissue injuries are common among athletes and non-athlete runners.1 Running injuries can be defined as pain or symptoms associated with running or starting within a specific time span from the beginning of a training programme, which forces the individual to stop training or decrease intensity.2 The knee is the commonest site involved comprising up to 44% of running injuries.2,3 This article outlines the natural history, pathophysiology, investigation and management of common conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lakkol
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - K Singisetti
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - S Anand
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
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186
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Hotson J, Neary K, Anand S. Perceptual learning is similar across the central visual fields. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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187
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Anand S, Kurella Tamura M, Chertow GM. The elderly patients on hemodialysis. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2010; 62:87-101. [PMID: 20424572 PMCID: PMC4108205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nephrologists care for an increasing number of elderly patients on hemodialysis. As such, an understanding of the overlap among complications of hemodialysis and geriatric syndromes is crucial. This article reviews hemodialysis management issues including vascular access, hypertension, anemia and bone and mineral disorders with an attention towards the distinct medical needs of the elderly. Key concepts of geriatrics frailty, dementia and palliative care are also discussed, as nephrologists frequently participate in decision-making directed toward balancing longevity, functional status and the burden of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anand
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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188
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Rao K, Anand S, Venkateswarlu P. Psidium guvajava L Leaf Powder — A Potential Low-cost Biosorbent for the Removal of Cadmium(II) Ions from Wastewater. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.28.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K.S. Rao
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, India
| | - S. Anand
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, India
| | - P. Venkateswarlu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
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189
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Abstract
The Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) is a new power reactor concept being developed at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai. The reactor retains many desirable features of the existing Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR), while incorporating new, advanced safety features. The reactor aims to utilise the vast thorium resources available in India. The reactor core will use plutonium as the make-up fuel, while breeding (233)U in situ. On account of this unique combination of fuel materials, the operational characteristics of the fuel as determined by its radioactivity, decay heat and radio-toxicity are being viewed with great interest. Radio-toxicity of the spent fuel is a measure of potential radiological hazard to the members of the public and also important from the ecological point of view. The radio-toxicity of the AHWR fuel is extremely high to start with, being approximately 10(4) times that of the fresh natural U fuel used in a PHWR, and continues to remain relatively high during operation and subsequent cooling. A unique feature of this fuel is the peak observed in its radio-toxicity at approximately 10(5) y of decay cooling. The delayed increase in fuel toxicity has been traced primarily to a build-up of (229)Th, (230)Th and (226)Ra. This phenomenon has been observed earlier for thorium-based fuels and is confirmed for the AHWR fuel. This paper presents radio-toxicity data for AHWR spent fuel up to a period of 10(6) y and the results are compared with the radio-toxicity of PHWR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anand
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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190
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Mohapatra M, Rout K, Anand S. Synthesis of Mg(II) doped goethite and its cation sorption behaviour. J Hazard Mater 2009; 171:417-423. [PMID: 19581048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Modified goethite samples were prepared with Mg(II) content varying in the range of 0-1.36%. A typical TEM of Mg(II) doped sample showed needle shaped goethite particles having 10-30 nm width and 100-400 nm length. Sorption studies of cations namely Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) were conducted onto the Mg(II) doped modified goethite surface. Goethite doping with 0.18 M Mg (GMg(2)) showed better sorption capacity for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II). Therefore, the effect of contact time, solution pH, sorbate and sorbent concentrations on the sorption of various metal ions was studied on this sample in batch experiments. The time data fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics for all the metal ions. Sorption on GMg(2) sample for the metal ions increased with the increase in pH from 2 to 4. The isothermic data showed good fit to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms except for Cd(II) which followed only the later model. The sorption capacities with respect to Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III) were found to be 87.7, 153.25, 86.25, 33.4 and 72.5mg/g respectively. The results of sorption studies on GMg(2) from binary and ternary solutions have also been presented. The XRD patterns of metal ion loaded GMg(2) samples confirmed that metal ion adsorption resulted in shifting of d-values/altering of relative intensity (RI) of major planes of goethite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamata Mohapatra
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India.
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191
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Mohapatra M, Rout K, Anand S. Synthesis of Mg(II) doped goethite and its cation sorption behaviour. J Hazard Mater 2009; 166:1506-13. [PMID: 19581048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Modified goethite samples were prepared with Mg(II) content varying in the range of 0-1.36%. A typical TEM of Mg(II) doped sample showed needle shaped goethite particles having 10-30 nm width and 100-400 nm length. Sorption studies of cations namely Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) were conducted onto the Mg(II) doped modified goethite surface. Goethite doping with 0.18 M Mg (GMg(2)) showed better sorption capacity for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II). Therefore, the effect of contact time, solution pH, sorbate and sorbent concentrations on the sorption of various metal ions was studied on this sample in batch experiments. The time data fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics for all the metal ions. Sorption on GMg(2) sample for the metal ions increased with the increase in pH from 2 to 4. The isothermic data showed good fit to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms except for Cd(II) which followed only the later model. The sorption capacities with respect to Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III) were found to be 87.7, 153.25, 86.25, 33.4 and 72.5mg/g respectively. The results of sorption studies on GMg(2) from binary and ternary solutions have also been presented. The XRD patterns of metal ion loaded GMg(2) samples confirmed that metal ion adsorption resulted in shifting of d-values/altering of relative intensity (RI) of major planes of goethite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamata Mohapatra
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India.
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192
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Gillham JC, Anand S, Bullen PJ. Antenatal detection of cleft lip with or without cleft palate: incidence of associated chromosomal and structural anomalies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 34:410-415. [PMID: 19790102 DOI: 10.1002/uog.6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain how many fetuses with prenatally diagnosed cleft lip with or without cleft palate have associated congenital structural and/or chromosomal abnormalities and whether there is an association with the anatomical type of cleft lip or palate. METHODS This was a retrospective review of infants referred to the North-West England Regional Cleft Lip and Palate (CLAP) team between January 2000 and January 2006. Referrals made to the Regional Fetal Management Unit (FMU) in the same time period were investigated to identify the corresponding antenatal ultrasound findings and data on termination of pregnancy and intrauterine fetal death. RESULTS Over the 6-year period investigated, 570 infants were referred to the FMU and/or CLAP team. Among these, there were 24 terminations of pregnancy, two intrauterine fetal deaths and one early neonatal death identified. Data on 69 of the 543 patients that survived were incomplete. Of 188 cases with unilateral and 34 cases with bilateral cleft lip +/- palate there were no karyotypical abnormalities without other structural abnormalities. The incidence of associated structural abnormalities varied with the anatomical type of cleft: that of unilateral cleft lip +/- palate was 9.8% (19/194), that of bilateral cleft lip and palate was 25% (11/44) and that of midline cleft lip and palate was 100% (11/11). None of 252 cases with isolated cleft palate was identified antenatally; of these, 5.6% (n = 14) had either karyotypical or associated structural abnormalities and 21.0% (n = 53) had a genetic syndrome as an underlying diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS It is essential to tailor the antenatal counseling of patients to the specific scan diagnosis, considering both the anatomical type of cleft and the presence or absence of associated abnormalities. It is inappropriate to offer invasive testing to all patients. The use of three-dimensional ultrasound as an adjunct should be considered in these patients to improve the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Gillham
- Fetal Management Unit, St Marys Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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193
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Mohapatra M, Anand S, Mishra BK, Giles DE, Singh P. Review of fluoride removal from drinking water. J Environ Manage 2009; 91:67-77. [PMID: 19775804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride in drinking water has a profound effect on teeth and bones. Up to a small level (1-1.5mg/L) this strengthens the enamel. Concentrations in the range of 1.5-4 mg/L result in dental fluorosis whereas with prolonged exposure at still higher fluoride concentrations (4-10mg/L) dental fluorosis progresses to skeletal fluorosis. High fluoride concentrations in groundwater, up to more than 30 mg/L, occur widely, in many parts of the world. This review article is aimed at providing precise information on efforts made by various researchers in the field of fluoride removal for drinking water. The fluoride removal has been broadly divided in two sections dealing with membrane and adsorption techniques. Under the membrane techniques reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, dialysis and electro-dialysis have been discussed. Adsorption, which is a conventional technique, deals with adsorbents such as: alumina/aluminium based materials, clays and soils, calcium based minerals, synthetic compounds and carbon based materials. Studies on fluoride removal from aqueous solutions using various reversed zeolites, modified zeolites and ion exchange resins based on cross-linked polystyrene are reviewed. During the last few years, layered double oxides have been of interest as adsorbents for fluoride removal. Such recent developments have been briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohapatra
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, Orissa, India.
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194
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Selvaraj N, Jaryal AK, Santhosh J, Deepak KK, Anand S. Influence of respiratory rate on the variability of blood volume pulse characteristics. J Med Eng Technol 2009; 33:370-5. [DOI: 10.1080/03091900802454483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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195
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Selvaraj N, Jaryal A, Santhosh J, Deepak KK, Anand S. Assessment of heart rate variability derived from finger-tip photoplethysmography as compared to electrocardiography. J Med Eng Technol 2009; 32:479-84. [DOI: 10.1080/03091900701781317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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196
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Kumar A, Anand S, Chari P, Yaddanapudi LN, Srivastava A. A set of EEG parameters to predict clinically anaesthetized state in humans for halothane anaesthesia. J Med Eng Technol 2009; 31:46-53. [PMID: 17365426 DOI: 10.1080/03091900500431874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This article evaluates all the EEG parameters suggested in the literature that undergo changes due to anaesthetic dose, and suggests a set of EEG parameters that act as best signatures of anaesthetic state of a patient. This set of EEG parameters is validated by an artificial neural network. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to arrive at a set of EEG parameters that 'best' distinguish between awake and anaesthetized states of human patients for halothane anaesthesia. METHODS AND PROCEDURES A total of 21 EEG parameters were evaluated for 40 patients. Stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) pruned them to a set of five parameters. They were fed to a 5-3-1 artificial neural network (ANN) for classification into awake and anaesthetized state. To confirm the results, variance analysis was applied to the set of 21 parameters. Five parameters were finalized after validation by the ANN. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The classification accuracy of the ANN with SDA parameters was found to be 96%. With variance analysis parameters, it returned an accuracy of 100%. CONCLUSION The set of five EEG parameters - approximate entropy, average frequency, Lempel Ziv (LZ) complexity, delta power and beta power forms the best set to distinguish between awake and anaesthetized state of human patients. Variance analysis is a better tool to converge at the optimal set than SDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Process Instruments Division, Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30, Chandigarh, 160 030, India.
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197
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Abstract
An attempt has been made to study the appropriateness of electrical impedance plethysmography (EIP) in detecting pulmonary health status. A feasibility study was conducted on normal, obstructive and restrictive subjects aged between 20 and 60 years. Quantitative assessment of pulmonary function was made by way of both EIP and pulmonary function tests (PFT). Amongst the various EIP parameters, a statistically significant difference was observed for the respiratory band power, between normal (129.7) and obstructive (35.8) subjects, indicating that this EIP variable can be used to distinguish between the two pulmonary function states. A significant positive correlation was observed between a spirometry parameter, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and an EIP parameter, respiratory amplitude (r = 0.372, p < 0.05), thereby indicating that EIP information by way of respiratory amplitude is comparable to that provided by PEFR. Hence, both respiratory amplitude and respiratory band power were seen to provide useful information on pulmonary health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Agarwal
- National Institute of Health & Family Welfare, Munirka, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
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198
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Neary K, Anand S, Hotson JR. Visual perceptual learning is similar across the extrafoveal central visual fields. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2009; 27:181-8. [PMID: 19531873 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-2009-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Visual perceptual learning occurs with the presentation of novel visual stimuli at retinal sites near the fovea to 20 degrees eccentricities. It was unclear if the magnitude and rate of visual learning were similar across the central visual fields or if visual learning decreased with increasing eccentricity. The robustness of learning across the visual fields may affect the magnitude of computer-aided visual recovery after visual brain injury. Therefore we determined if eccentricity was a factor that influenced perceptual learning. METHODS Subjects were trained to detect the presence or absence of a single line oriented differently (odd-element) from an array of lines that otherwise had the same orientation. The odd-element line was presented 3 degrees, 9 degrees or 18 degrees from fixation. RESULTS Perceptual performance improved during training trials with a similar magnitude and similar learning curve slopes at all 3 eccentricities. Pre- and post-training performance improved to a similar magnitude at 3 vs 9 degrees in 4 of 4 subjects tested and at 9 degrees vs 18 degrees in 4 of 5 subjects. In the fifth subject there was no post-training improvement in performance at 18 degrees. CONCLUSION Visual perceptual learning is similar across the extrafoveal central visual fields in almost all subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Neary
- California Institute for Medical Research at the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA 95128, USA
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199
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Anand S. Abstract: S9-29 TRANSLATING TRIALS INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anand S. Abstract: 990 LIFESTYLE AND HEART DISEASE RISK WORLD-WIDE:. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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