76
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Guo H, Zhang B, Nairn AV, Nagy T, Moremen KW, Buckhaults P, Pierce M. O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine ( O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4123-4137. [PMID: 28096468 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.763201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. When grown in suspension, tumor cells with OGT knockdown showed a reduced ability to form tumorspheres, indicating a reduced self-renewal of CCSC due to reduced levels of O-GlcNAc. ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. RNA-sequencing analysis showed an increased expression of MYBL1 in tumor cells with OGT knockdown. Forced overexpression of MYBL1 led to a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth in vivo, similar to the effects of OGT silencing. Moreover, two CpG islands near the transcription start site of MYBL1 were identified, and O-GlcNAc levels regulated their methylation status. These results strongly argue that O-GlcNAc epigenetically regulates MYBL1, functioning similarly to H3K27me3. The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels is therefore likely to result, at least in part, from the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc, thereby significantly affecting tumor progression.
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77
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Tajalli A, Chanteau B, Kretschmar M, Kurz HG, Zuber D, Kovačev M, Morgner U, Nagy T. Few-cycle optical pulse characterization via cross-polarized wave generation dispersion scan technique. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:5246-5249. [PMID: 27842104 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.005246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a dispersion scan (d-scan) pulse characterization scheme employing cross-polarized wave (XPW) generation as a nonlinear optical process. XPW generation is a degenerate four-wave mixing process with no phase-matching limitations. Therefore, its implementation in the d-scan method is a good choice for the characterization of few-cycle pulses in remote spectral regions. We fully characterize 5-10 fs pulses delivered through a hollow-core fiber in the near-IR region and compare the results with the second-harmonic generation (SHG) frequency-resolved optical gating and SHG d-scan characterization methods.
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78
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Bazhenova L, Mehra R, Nagy T, Cavanna L, Lee JS, Han JY, Kim H, Halmos B, Shum M, Schreeder M, Rybkin I, Badin F, Mena R, Jänne P, Christensen J, Tassell V, Chao R, Faltaos D, Kim DW. Amethyst NSCLC trial: Phase 2, parallel-arm study of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor, MGCD265 in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating genetic alterations in mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET). Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw383.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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79
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Jancsó G, Arató E, Hardi P, Nagy T, Pintér Ö, Fazekas G, Gasz B, Takacs I, Menyhei G, Kollar L, Sínay L. Controlled reperfusion decreased reperfusion induced oxidative stress and evoked inflammatory response in experimental aortic-clamping animal model. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 63:217-34. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-152038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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80
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Zhao W, Zhu T, Cheng R, Liu Y, He J, Qiu H, Wang L, Nagy T, Querec TD, Unger ER, Mao L. Label-Free and Continuous-Flow Ferrohydrodynamic Separation of HeLa Cells and Blood Cells in Biocompatible Ferrofluids. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:3990-3998. [PMID: 27478429 PMCID: PMC4963013 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201503838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a label-free, low-cost, and fast ferrohydrodynamic cell separation scheme is demonstrated using HeLa cells (an epithelial cell line) and red blood cells. The separation is based on cell size difference, and conducted in a custom-made biocompatible ferrofluid that retains the viability of cells during and after the assay for downstream analysis. The scheme offers moderate-throughput (≈106 cells h-1 for a single channel device) and extremely high recovery rate (>99%) without the use of any label. It is envisioned that this separation scheme will have clinical applications in settings where rapid cell enrichment and removal of contaminating blood will improve efficiency of screening and diagnosis such as cervical cancer screening based on mixed populations in exfoliated samples.
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81
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Li X, Acuff NV, Peeks AR, Kirkland R, Wyatt KD, Nagy T, Watford WT. Tumor Progression Locus 2 (Tpl2) Activates the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Pathway, Inhibits Forkhead Box P3 (FoxP3) Expression, and Limits Regulatory T Cell (Treg) Immunosuppressive Functions. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16802-15. [PMID: 27261457 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2, also known as Map3k8/Cot) is a potent inflammatory mediator that drives the production of TNFα, IL-1β, and IFNγ. We previously demonstrated that Tpl2 regulates T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and modulates T helper cell differentiation. However, very little is known about how Tpl2 modulates the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are a specialized subset of T cells that express FoxP3 and possess immunosuppressive properties to limit excess inflammation. Because of the documented role of Tpl2 in promoting inflammation, we hypothesized that Tpl2 antagonizes Treg development and immunosuppressive function. Here we demonstrate that Tpl2 constrains the development of inducible Tregs. Tpl2(-/-) naïve CD4(+) T cells preferentially develop into FoxP3(+) inducible Tregs in vitro as well as in vivo in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced systemic tolerance. Treg biasing of Tpl2(-/-) T cells depended on TCR signal strength and corresponded with reduced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Importantly, Tpl2(-/-) Tregs have basally increased expression of FoxP3 and immunosuppressive molecules, IL-10 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Furthermore, they were more immunosuppressive in vivo in a T cell transfer model of colitis, as evidenced by reduced effector T cell accumulation, systemic production of inflammatory cytokines, and colonic inflammation. These results demonstrate that Tpl2 promotes inflammation in part by constraining FoxP3 expression and Treg immunosuppressive functions. Overall, these findings suggest that Tpl2 inhibition could be used to preferentially drive Treg induction and thereby limit inflammation in a variety of autoimmune diseases.
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82
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Li X, Acuff NV, Peeks A, Kirkland R, Nagy T, Watford WT. The MAP kinase, tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2), activates the Akt/mTOR/S6 ribosomal protein pathway, inhibits Foxp3 expression and limits Treg immunosuppressive functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.133.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The serine-threonine kinase, tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2 or Map3k8/Cot), is a potent inflammatory mediator that drives the production of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, and IFN gamma. We previously demonstrated that Tpl2 modulates TCR signaling and T helper cell differentiation. However, little is known about how Tpl2 alters the development or function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are a specialized subset of T cells that express Foxp3 and possess immunosuppressive properties. Because of Tpl2’s role in promoting inflammation, we hypothesized that Tpl2 inhibits Treg development and immunosuppressive functions. Tpl2−/− naïve CD4 T+ cells preferentially differentiated into Foxp3+ inducible Tregs in vitro as well as in vivo in a murine model of OVA-induced systemic tolerance. Treg biasing in Tpl2−/− T cells depended upon the TCR signal strength and correlated with reduced activation of the Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway. Importantly, freshly isolated Tpl2−/− Tregs had increased expression of Foxp3 and immunosupressive cytokines IL-10 and IL-35 and were more suppressive in a T cell transfer model of colitis, as evidenced by reduced accumulation of inflammatory T effectors, systemic inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6 and IFN gamma, and colonic inflammation. Therefore, Tpl2 promotes inflammation in part by limiting Foxp3 expression, iTreg differentiation and immunosuppressive functions. These findings suggest that Tpl2 inhibition may be used to preferentially drive Treg induction and limit inflammation in autoimmune diseases.
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83
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Zhao D, Ma G, Zhang X, He Y, Li M, Han X, Fu L, Dong XY, Nagy T, Zhao Q, Fu L, Dong JT. Zinc Finger Homeodomain Factor Zfhx3 Is Essential for Mammary Lactogenic Differentiation by Maintaining Prolactin Signaling Activity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12809-12820. [PMID: 27129249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.719377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3, also named ATBF1 for AT motif binding factor 1) is a transcription factor that suppresses prostatic carcinogenesis and induces neuronal differentiation. It also interacts with estrogen receptor α to inhibit cell proliferation and regulate pubertal mammary gland development in mice. In the present study, we examined whether and how Zfhx3 regulates lactogenic differentiation in mouse mammary glands. At different stages of mammary gland development, Zfhx3 protein was expressed at varying levels, with the highest level at lactation. In the HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cell line, an in vitro model of lactogenesis, knockdown of Zfhx3 attenuated prolactin-induced β-casein expression and morphological changes, indicators of lactogenic differentiation. In mouse mammary tissue, knock-out of Zfhx3 interrupted lactogenesis, resulting in underdeveloped glands with much smaller and fewer alveoli, reduced β-casein expression, accumulation of large cytoplasmic lipid droplets in luminal cells after parturition, and failure in lactation. Mechanistically, Zfhx3 maintained the expression of Prlr (prolactin receptor) and Prlr-Jak2-Stat5 signaling activity, whereas knockdown and knock-out of Zfhx3 in HC11 cells and mammary tissues, respectively, decreased Prlr expression, Stat5 phosphorylation, and the expression of Prlr-Jak2-Stat5 target genes. These findings indicate that Zfhx3 plays an essential role in proper lactogenic development in mammary glands, at least in part by maintaining Prlr expression and Prlr-Jak2-Stat5 signaling activity.
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84
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Schrittesser B, Pinter G, Schwarz T, Kadar Z, Nagy T. Rapid Gas Decompression Performance of elastomers – A study of influencing testing parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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85
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Albu P, Onita B, Baranyai E, Harangi S, Keki S, Nagy L, Nagy T, Vilmos J, Dénes G, Károly G, Ardelean D, Ardelean A, Hermenean A. The impact of trace metals on wild fish living in Crisul-Negru river from North-Western Romania: Bioaccumulation and histopathological biomarkers. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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86
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Hutson CL, Carroll DS, Gallardo-Romero N, Drew C, Zaki SR, Nagy T, Hughes C, Olson VA, Sanders J, Patel N, Smith SK, Keckler MS, Karem K, Damon IK. Comparison of Monkeypox Virus Clade Kinetics and Pathology within the Prairie Dog Animal Model Using a Serial Sacrifice Study Design. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:965710. [PMID: 26380309 PMCID: PMC4561332 DOI: 10.1155/2015/965710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection of the prairie dog is valuable to studying systemic orthopoxvirus disease. To further characterize differences in MPXV clade pathogenesis, groups of prairie dogs were intranasally infected (8 × 10(3) p.f.u.) with Congo Basin (CB) or West African (WA) MPXV, and 28 tissues were harvested on days 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 17, and 24 postinfection. Samples were evaluated for the presence of virus and gross and microscopic lesions. Virus was recovered from nasal mucosa, oropharyngeal lymph nodes, and spleen earlier in CB challenged animals (day 4) than WA challenged animals (day 6). For both groups, primary viremia (indicated by viral DNA) was seen on days 6-9 through day 17. CB MPXV spread more rapidly, accumulated to greater levels, and caused greater morbidity in animals compared to WA MPXV. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) findings, however, were similar. Two animals that succumbed to disease demonstrated abundant viral antigen in all organs tested, except for brain. Dual-IHC staining of select liver and spleen sections showed that apoptotic cells (identified by TUNEL) tended to colocalize with poxvirus antigen. Interestingly splenocytes were labelled positive for apoptosis more often than hepatocytes in both MPXV groups. These findings allow for further characterization of differences between MPXV clade pathogenesis, including identifying sites that are important during early viral replication and cellular response to viral infection.
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87
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Miseta A, Nagy J, Nagy T, Poór VS, Fekete Z, Sipos K. Hepcidin and its potential clinical utility. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1191-202. [PMID: 26109250 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A number of pathophysiological conditions are related to iron metabolism disturbances. Some of them are well known, others are newly discovered or special. Hepcidin is a newly identified iron metabolism regulating hormone, which could be a promising biomarker for many disorders. In this review, we provide background information about mammalian iron metabolism, cellular iron trafficking, and the regulation of expression of hepcidin. Beside these molecular biological processes, we summarize the methods that have been used to determine blood and urine hepcidin levels and present those pathological conditions (cancer, inflammation, neurological disorders) when hepcidin measurement may have clinical relevance.
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88
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Li X, Acuff N, Peeks A, Kirkland R, Hardwick K, Nagy T, Watford W. Tumor progression locus 2 inhibits regulatory T cell development and immunosuppressive functions (LYM8P.640). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.201.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subset of immunosuppressive T cells that function to maintain peripheral tolerance. We previously demonstrated that the serine-threonine kinase, tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2, also designated Cot/Map3k8), regulates TCR signaling and inflammatory cytokine secretion in CD4+ T cells. Herein, we demonstrate that Tpl2 is preferentially expressed by Tregs and regulates their development and functions. Tpl2-/- mice exhibited increased proportions of thymic natural Tregs (nTregs) as well as peripheral splenic Tregs, in vivo. Enhanced Treg development was due to a T cell autonomous defect, since Treg development from tpl2-/- naïve T cells cultured in vitro was similarly enhanced, and peripheral Treg proportions were also increased within the tpl2-/- donor compartment of mixed bone marrow chimeras. This defect depended upon TCR signal strength and was enhanced at low antigen concentrations. Importantly, tpl2-/- Tregs had increased expression of the immunosupressive cytokines, IL-10 and IL-35, and provided better protection than wild-type Tregs in vivo in a T cell transfer model of colitis. These results demonstrate that Tpl2 has an important physiological role in limiting Foxp3 expression, Treg development and functions. Therefore, Tpl2 inhibition could potentially be used to deviate pathological immune responses in a variety of autoimmune diseases towards a protective, tolerogenic response through preferential Treg induction.
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89
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Acuff N, Li X, Kirkland R, Nagy T, Watford W. Tpl2 differentially regulates IFNγ and IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells in a T cell transfer model of colitis. (LYM8P.636). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.201.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are approaching epidemic levels, estimated to affect 5-8% of the population. A number of autoimmune diseases are driven by autoreactive T cells, specifically T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. One molecule gaining interest as a therapeutic target is the serine-threonine kinase, Tpl2, which promotes expression of proinflammatory mediators. We previously demonstrated that Tpl2 regulates Th1 differentiation, secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IFNγ, and host defense against the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The goal of this study was to determine whether Tpl2 also regulates Th1 or Th17 differentiation in vivo in a T cell transfer model of colitis associated with mixed Th1/Th17 pathology. In vitro, Tpl2-/- naïve CD4+ T cells were impaired in IL-17A secretion under traditional Th17 inducing conditions of IL-6+TGF-β. Reduced IL-17A secretion correlated with increased expression of FoxP3, a transcription factor known to antagonize RORγt function. In vivo, transfer of Tpl2-/- T cells resulted in reduced proportions of CD4+ T cells expressing IFNγ, but not IL-17A, compared to that induced by wild type T cells. Further studies revealed that Th17 cells alternatively induced by IL-6+IL-23 was unaffected by Tpl2 deficiency. Collectively, these results implicate Tpl2 in TGF-β-induced FoxP3 expression. Additionally, they underscore the contribution of Tpl2 to Th1-dependent responses, including Th1-mediated immunopathology during autoimmunity.
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90
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Powell JD, Dlugolenski D, Nagy T, Gabbard J, Lee C, Tompkins SM, Tripp RA. Polymerase discordance in novel swine influenza H3N2v constellations is tolerated in swine but not human respiratory epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110264. [PMID: 25330303 PMCID: PMC4199677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine-origin H3N2v, a variant of H3N2 influenza virus, is a concern for novel reassortment with circulating pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (H1N1pdm09) in swine because this can lead to the emergence of a novel pandemic virus. In this study, the reassortment prevalence of H3N2v with H1N1pdm09 was determined in swine cells. Reassortants evaluated showed that the H1N1pdm09 polymerase (PA) segment occurred within swine H3N2 with ∼80% frequency. The swine H3N2-human H1N1pdm09 PA reassortant (swH3N2-huPA) showed enhanced replication in swine cells, and was the dominant gene constellation. Ferrets infected with swH3N2-huPA had increased lung pathogenicity compared to parent viruses; however, swH3N2-huPA replication in normal human bronchoepithelial cells was attenuated - a feature linked to expression of IFN-β and IFN-λ genes in human but not swine cells. These findings indicate that emergence of novel H3N2v influenza constellations require more than changes in the viral polymerase complex to overcome barriers to cross-species transmission. Additionally, these findings reveal that while the ferret model is highly informative for influenza studies, slight differences in pathogenicity may not necessarily be indicative of human outcomes after infection.
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91
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Guo H, Nagy T, Pierce M. Post-translational glycoprotein modifications regulate colon cancer stem cells and colon adenoma progression in Apc(min/+) mice through altered Wnt receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31534-49. [PMID: 25274627 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of GnT-V (MGAT5), which synthesizes N-glycans with β(1,6)-branched glycans, reduced the compartment of cancer stem cells (CSC) in the her-2 mouse model of breast cancer, leading to delay of tumor onset. Because GnT-V levels are also commonly up-regulated in colon cancer, we investigated their regulation of colon CSC and adenoma development. Anchorage-independent cell growth and tumor formation induced by injection of colon tumor cells into NOD/SCID mice were positively associated with GnT-V levels, indicating regulation of proliferation and tumorigenicity. Using Apc(min/+) mice with different GnT-V backgrounds, knock-out of GnT-V had no significant effect on the number of adenoma/mouse, but adenoma size was significantly reduced and accompanied increased survival of Apc(min/+) mice with GnT-V deletion (p < 0.01), suggesting an inhibition in the progression of colon adenoma caused by deletion of GnT-V. Decreased expression levels of GnT-V down-regulated the population of colon (intestine) CSC, affecting their ability for self-renewal and tumorigenicity in NOD/SCID mice. Furthermore, altered nuclear translocation of β-catenin and expression of Wnt target genes were positively associated with expression levels of GnT-V, indicating the regulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. By overexpressing the Wnt receptor, FZD-7, in colon cancer cells, we found that FZD-7 receptors expressed N-linked β(1,6) branching, indicating that FZD-7 can be modified by GnT-V. The aberrant Wnt signaling observed after modulating GnT-V levels is likely to result from altered N-linked β(1,6) branching on FZD-7, thereby affecting Wnt signaling, the compartment of CSC, and tumor progression.
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92
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Kretschmar M, Brée C, Nagy T, Demircan A, Kurz HG, Morgner U, Kovačev M. Direct observation of pulse dynamics and self-compression along a femtosecond filament. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:22905-22916. [PMID: 25321761 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.022905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the direct experimental observation of pulse-splitting dynamics along a femtosecond filament. The fundamental pulse experiences a significant self-shortening during the propagation leading to pulse durations of 5.3 fs, corresponding to sub-3 cycles, which is measured without external pulse compression. A compression factor of eight could be achieved in a single filamentary stage. Theoretical modeling of the fundamental pulse propagation confirms our observed pulse structures and durations and gives further insight into the nonlinear dynamics during filamentation.
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93
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Hoffmann M, Nagy T, Willemsen T, Jupé M, Ristau D, Morgner U. Pulse characterization by THG d-scan in absorbing nonlinear media. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:5234-5240. [PMID: 24663863 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.005234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on few-cycle pulse characterization based on third harmonic generation dispersion scan (THG d-scan) measurements using thin films of different TiO(2)-SiO(2) compositions as nonlinear media. By changing the TiO(2) concentration in the thin film the band gap and therefore the position of the absorption edge were varied. The retrieved pulse durations from different nonlinear media agree within 5%, and the reconstructed pulse shapes prove to be immune against the absorption edges as well. The reason is the robust retrieval algorithm which takes the influence of wavelength dependent nonlinearity into account by a spectral weight function.
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94
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Rubovszky G, Láng I, Ganofszky E, Horváth Z, Juhos É, Nagy T, Szabó E, Szentirmay Z, Budai B, Hitre E. Cetuximab, gemcitabine and capecitabine in patients with inoperable biliary tract cancer: A phase 2 study. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3806-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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95
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Frank D, Montskó G, Juricskay I, Borsiczky B, Cseh G, Kocsis B, Nagy T, Nagy ÁK, Kovács G, Miseta A. Clindamycin Release Determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography from a Novel low-Cost Local Drug Delivery System: A New Potential Treatment Option for Chronic Osteomyelitis. J Chemother 2013; 23:282-4. [DOI: 10.1179/joc.2011.23.5.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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96
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Song SS, Nagy T, White JL. A Basic Study of Applicability of Regrind Polyethylene in Rotational Molding. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.920274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An experimental study on the use of regrind in rotomolded polyethylene parts is described. We investigated the introduction of 15, 30, and 100% reground polyethylene into the rotational molding operations. The number of regrind cycles varied from one to four. Rotational molding was done in air and nitrogen inner gas, respectively. The mechanical properties of the parts were investigated, including low temperature dart impact test, tensile test, and Izod impact test. Generally it was found that nitrogen atmospheres substantially improved the impact properties of rotomolded parts made with virgin polyethylene. With parts containing 15% and 30% regrind, the impact properties of boxes made in nitrogen are substantially higher than those molded in air. Also, adjustment of oven time to slight undercure for 15% regrind containing parts rotomolded in air gave good impact properties.
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97
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Tundup S, Srivastava L, Nagy T, Harn D. CD14/TRIF pathway regulates macrophage polarization and Th2 immune responses (P4257). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.130.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Stimulation of macrophages with LPS and/or IFNγ promote an M1 phenotype, whereas the Th2 cytokines IL-4/IL-13 or helminth products drive an M2 phenotype. How macrophage polarization is regulated at the signaling level is not well understood. We tested the ability of macrophages to undergo polarization when exposed to M1 activating agents (LPS or poly I:C) and the M2 activating agent IL-4 at the same time. Co-stimulated macrophages failed to polarize towards M2 as determined by flowcytometric measurement of Fizz1 expression. Inhibition of M2 polarization was CD14 dependent as CD14-/- macrophages did polarize to M2 in response to IL-4-LPS co-stimulation. We found that the CD14/TRIF/STAT1 pathway, in addition to mediating M1, negatively regulates IL-4R-STAT6 mediated M2 polarization. Examination of schistosome infected CD14-/- mice showed increases in expression of CD4+ specific IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines as well as significant increases in the recruitment of M2 macrophages in liver granulomas, associated with greater granuloma size and collagen deposition compared to infected WT mice. By adoptive transfer, we confirmed that macrophages are indeed responsible for the CD14 mediated negative regulation of alternative activation in-vivo in response to schistosome eggs. Our data demonstrated a unique role of the CD14-TRIF pathway in regulation of macrophage M1/M2 plasticity and in regulating CD4+ T cell biasing and alternative activation of APCs during helminth infection.
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Hutson CL, Gallardo-Romero N, Carroll DS, Clemmons C, Salzer JS, Nagy T, Hughes CM, Olson VA, Karem KL, Damon IK. Transmissibility of the monkeypox virus clades via respiratory transmission: investigation using the prairie dog-monkeypox virus challenge system. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55488. [PMID: 23408990 PMCID: PMC3567100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is endemic within Africa where it sporadically is reported to cause outbreaks of human disease. In 2003, an outbreak of human MPXV occurred in the US after the importation of infected African rodents. Since the eradication of smallpox (caused by an orthopoxvirus (OPXV) related to MPXV) and cessation of routine smallpox vaccination (with the live OPXV vaccinia), there is an increasing population of people susceptible to OPXV diseases. Previous studies have shown that the prairie dog MPXV model is a functional animal model for the study of systemic human OPXV illness. Studies with this model have demonstrated that infected animals are able to transmit the virus to naive animals through multiple routes of exposure causing subsequent infection, but were not able to prove that infected animals could transmit the virus exclusively via the respiratory route. Herein we used the model system to evaluate the hypothesis that the Congo Basin clade of MPXV is more easily transmitted, via respiratory route, than the West African clade. Using a small number of test animals, we show that transmission of viruses from each of the MPXV clade was minimal via respiratory transmission. However, transmissibility of the Congo Basin clade was slightly greater than West African MXPV clade (16.7% and 0% respectively). Based on these findings, respiratory transmission appears to be less efficient than those of previous studies assessing contact as a mechanism of transmission within the prairie dog MPXV animal model.
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Das SK, Bock M, Grunwald R, Borchers B, Hyyti J, Steinmeyer G, Ristau D, Harth A, Vockerodt T, Nagy T, Morgner U. First Measurement of the Non-instantaneous Response Time of a χ (3)Nonlinear Optical Effect. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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100
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Li M, Fu X, Ma G, Sun X, Dong X, Nagy T, Xing C, Li J, Dong JT. Atbf1 regulates pubertal mammary gland development likely by inhibiting the pro-proliferative function of estrogen-ER signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51283. [PMID: 23251482 PMCID: PMC3520988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ATBF1 is a candidate tumor suppressor that interacts with estrogen receptor (ER) to inhibit the function of estrogen-ER signaling in gene regulation and cell proliferation control in human breast cancer cells. We therefore tested whether Atbf1 and its interaction with ER modulate the development of pubertal mammary gland, where estrogen is the predominant steroid hormone. In an in vitro model of cell differentiation, i.e., MCF10A cells cultured in Matrigel, ATBF1 expression was significantly increased, and knockdown of ATBF1 inhibited acinus formation. During mouse mammary gland development, Atbf1 was expressed at varying levels at different stages, with higher levels during puberty, lower during pregnancy, and the highest during lactation. Knockout of Atbf1 at the onset of puberty enhanced ductal elongation and bifurcation and promoted cell proliferation in both ducts and terminal end buds of pubertal mammary glands. Enhanced cell proliferation primarily occurred in ER-positive cells and was accompanied by increased expression of ER target genes. Furthermore, inactivation of Atbf1 reduced the expression of basal cell markers (CK5, CK14 and CD44) but not luminal cell markers. These findings indicate that Atbf1 plays a role in the development of pubertal mammary gland likely by modulating the function of estrogen-ER signaling in luminal cells and by modulating gene expression in basal cells.
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