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Kishi K, Nishikawa K, Inoue K, Matsuyama J, Akamaru Y, Kimura Y, Tamura S, Kawabata R, Kawata J, Shimokawa T, Imamura H. PP074-MON: Evaluation of Oral, Nutritional Support by Using an Elemental Diet on Postoperative Body Weight in Gastric Cancer Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kawabata R, Nishikawa K, Kishi K, Inoue K, Matsuyama J, Akamaru Y, Kimura Y, Tamura S, Kawada J, Fujiwara Y, Kawase T, Fukui J, Takagi M, Takeno A, Shimokawa T, Imamura H. Evaluation of Oral, Nutritional Support on Postoperative Body Weight in Gastric Cancer Patients Receiving Elemental Diet: a Randomized Study. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu334.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Jin X, Uchiyama M, Zhang Q, Harada T, Otsuka K, Shimokawa T, Niimi M. Effect of 34 kinds of traditional Japanese herbal medicines on prolongation of cardiac allograft survival. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:1175-9. [PMID: 24815154 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines have been used for over 3,000 years in Asian as alternative therapy for their variety effects and have recently become popular in Europe and the United States. In the last 30 years, Japanese herbal medicines were widely used for treatment of diseases after been recognized officially by Japanese government. In this study, we investigated the effect of 34 kinds of traditional Japanese herbal medicines on alloimmune responses in a murine model of cardiac allograft transplantation. CBA mice (H2(k)) underwent transplantation of a C57BL/6 (H2(b)) heart and received oral administration of 2 g/kg/d of the 34 kinds of herbal medicines from the day of transplantation until 7 days afterward. Naïve CBA mice rejected B6 cardiac grafts acutely (median survival time [MST], 7 days). CBA transplant recipients given 2 g/kg/d of Sairei-to (TJ-114) and Tokishakuyaku-san (TJ-23) had prolonged C57BL/6 allograft survival indefinitely (both MSTs > 100 days). Moreover, CBA transplant recipients given Seisinrensiin (TJ-111), Tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto (TJ-38), Rikkunshito (TJ-43), Maobushisaishinto (TJ-127), Ninjin-yoei-to (TJ-108), Ryokan-kyomi-shinge-nin-to (TJ-119), Inchingorei-san (TJ-117), Hochuekkito (TJ-41), Kihi-to (TJ-65), and Sinbu-to (TJ-30) had also prolonged C57BL/6 allograft survival significantly (MSTs of 28, 22, 16, 14, 14, 13, 12, 9.5, 9 and 9 days, respectively). However, none of other 22 kinds of herbal medicines could prolong the allograft survival. Furthermore, oral administration of 2 g/kg/d of Daikenchuto (TJ-100) induced sudden death (within 1 minute) in CBA mice. In conclusion, 12 kinds of Japanese herbal medicines prolonged allograft survival and one showed toxic effect in mice.
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Okayama Y, Matsuda A, Kashiwakura JI, Sasaki-Sakamoto T, Nunomura S, Shimokawa T, Yamaguchi K, Takahashi S, Ra C. Highly expressed cytoplasmic FcεRIβ in human mast cells functions as a negative regulator of the FcRγ-mediated cell activation signal. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:238-49. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Saito S, Saito K, Nabeka H, Shimokawa T, Kobayashi N, Matsuda S. Differential expression of the alternatively spliced forms of prosaposin mRNAs in rat choroid plexus. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:231-42. [PMID: 24414178 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Prosaposin has two distinct profiles. One is a precursor form that is processed into saposins thus promoting lysosomal sphingolipid hydrolase function, whereas the other is an intact form that is not processed into saposins but is abundant in certain tissues and secretory fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid. In rats, alternative splicing in the prosaposin gene generates mRNAs with and without a 9-base insertion (Pro+9 and Pro+0 mRNAs, respectively). Pro+9 mRNA is reported to be preferentially expressed in tissues in which the intact form of prosaposin dominates, whereas Pro+0 mRNA is preferentially expressed in tissues in which the precursor dominates. The expression patterns of Pro+9 and Pro+0 mRNAs in the rat choroid plexus are examined in the present study. The specificities of 36-mer oligonucleotide probes used to detect the 9-base insertion by in situ hybridization were demonstrated by dot-blot hybridization. Next, these probes were used for in situ hybridization, which showed predominant expression of Pro+0 mRNA and weak expression of Pro+9 mRNA in the choroid plexus. These expression patterns were confirmed by reverse transcription plus the polymerase chain reaction with AlwI restriction enzyme treatment. Expression of the intact form of prosaposin in the choroid plexus was assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Because the choroid plexus is responsible for the generation of cerebrospinal fluid containing the intact form of prosaposin, the present study raises the possibility that Pro+0 mRNA is related to the intact form in the choroid plexus and that the alternatively spliced forms of mRNAs do not simply correspond to the precursor and intact forms of prosaposin.
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Gao HL, Li C, Nabeka H, Shimokawa T, Kobayashi N, Saito S, Wang ZY, Cao YM, Matsuda S. Decrease in prosaposin in the Dystrophic mdx mouse brain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80032. [PMID: 24244600 PMCID: PMC3828254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy caused by a mutation in the X-linked dystrophin gene induces metabolic and structural disorders in the brain. A lack of dystrophin in brain structures is involved in impaired cognitive function. Prosaposin (PS), a neurotrophic factor, is abundant in the choroid plexus and various brain regions. We investigated whether PS serves as a link between dystrophin loss and gross and/or ultrastructural brain abnormalities. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The distribution of PS in the brains of juvenile and adult mdx mice was investigated by immunochemistry, Western blotting, and in situ hybridization. Immunochemistry revealed lower levels of PS in the cytoplasm of neurons of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and choroid plexus in mdx mice. Western blotting confirmed that PS levels were lower in these brain regions in both juveniles and adults. Even with low PS production in the choroids plexus, there was no significant PS decrease in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In situ hybridization revealed that the primary form of PS mRNA in both normal and mdx mice was Pro+9, a secretory-type PS, and the hybridization signals for Pro+9 in the above-mentioned brain regions were weaker in mdx mice than in normal mice. We also investigated mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling. Stronger activation of ERK1/2 was observed in mdx mice, ERK1/2 activity was positively correlated with PS activity, and exogenous PS18 stimulated both p-ERK1/2 and PS in SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Low levels of PS and its receptors suggest the participation of PS in some pathological changes in the brains of mdx mice.
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Yokoyama T, Kunikane H, Okamoto H, Hida N, Shimokawa T, Sato A, Misumi Y, Agemi Y, Ishii M, Nishibeppu H, Fukushima Y, Ooishi R. Changes in Quality of Life Through the Intervention by a Palliative Care Team for Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt459.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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83
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Sugimoto N, Yoshida M, Taira K, Tokunaga Y, Miyake Y, Hata T, Shimokawa T, Sakai D, Kurokawa Y, Furukawa H. Phase II Study of Panitumumab + IRI for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer with Wild KRAS, Resistant to IRI (OGSG1001). Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt459.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ando K, Fujita H, Hosoi A, Nakawatari M, Nakamura E, Kakimi K, Nakano T, Imai T, Shimokawa T. Effective Suppression of Pulmonary Metastasis in Combined Carbon Ion Radiation Therapy With Dendritic-Cell Immunotherapy in Murine Tumor Models. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kawabe S, Shimokawa T, Miki H, Matsuda S, Endo H. Variation in avian brain shape: relationship with size and orbital shape. J Anat 2013; 223:495-508. [PMID: 24020351 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is wide variation in brain shape among birds. Differences in brain dimensions reflect species-specific sensory capacities and behavioral repertoires that are shaped by environmental and biological factors during evolution. Most previous studies aimed at defining factors impacting brain shape have used volumetric or linear measurements. However, few have explored the quantitative indices of three-dimensional (3D) brain geometry that are absolutely imperative to understanding avian evolutionary history. This study aimed: (i) to explore the relationship between brain shape and overall brain size; and (ii) to assess the relationship between brain shape and orbital shape. Avian brain endocasts were reconstructed from computed tomography images and analyzed using 3D geometric morphometrics. Principal component analysis revealed dominant regional variations in avian brain shape and shape correlations between the telencephalon and cerebellum, between the cerebellum and myelencephalon, and between the diencephalon and optic tectum. Brain shape changes relative to total brain size were determined by multivariate regression analysis. Larger brain size was associated with a relatively slender telencephalon and differences in brain orientation. The correlation between brain shape and orbital shape was assessed by two-block partial least-squares analysis. Relatively round brains with a ventrally flexed brain base were associated with rounder orbits, while narrower brains with a flat brain base were associated with more elongated orbits. The shapes of functionally associated avian brain regions are correlated, and orbital size and shape are dominant factors influencing the overall shape of the avian brain.
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86
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Terashita T, Saito S, Nabeka H, Hato N, Wakisaka H, Shimokawa T, Kobayashi N, Gyo K, Matsuda S. Prosaposin-derived peptide alleviates ischaemia-induced hearing loss. Acta Otolaryngol 2013; 133:462-8. [PMID: 23216090 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2012.750430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION An 18-mer peptide derived from the neurotrophic region of prosaposin (PS-pep) prevents hearing loss and cochlear damage due to transient cochlear ischaemia by activating an anti-apoptotic pathway. PS-pep is a potent candidate molecule for alleviating ischaemia-induced hearing loss. OBJECTIVE PS-pep was investigated for its protective effects against ischaemia-induced hearing loss and cochlear damage. METHODS Ischaemia was induced in both cochleae in Mongolian gerbils by pulling the ligatures around both vertebral arteries in an anterior direction using 5 g weights for 15 min. PS-pep was synthesized artificially and administered subcutaneously four times after the induction of transient cochlear ischaemia. RESULTS An increase in the auditory brainstem response threshold was alleviated in animals treated with 2.0 mg/kg PS-pep. Histological examinations conducted on day 7 showed that the loss of inner hair cells (IHCs) was more prominent than that of outer hair cells. Higher doses of PS-pep significantly alleviated IHC loss. An increase in the anti-apoptotic factor bcl-2 was also noted in the IHCs treated with PS-pep.
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Yamaguchi H, Iwase K, Ono T, Shimokawa T, Nakano H, Shimura Y, Kase N, Kittaka S, Sakakibara T, Kawakami T, Hosokoshi Y. Unconventional magnetic and thermodynamic properties of S=1/2 spin ladder with ferromagnetic legs. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:157205. [PMID: 25167306 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.157205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have succeeded in synthesizing single crystals of a new organic radical 3-Cl-4-F-V [3-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,5-diphenylverdazyl]. Through the ab initio molecular orbital calculation and the analysis of the magnetic properties, this compound was confirmed to be the first experimental realization of an S=1/2 spin-ladder system with ferromagnetic leg interactions. The field-temperature phase diagram indicated that the ground state is situated very close to the quantum critical point. Furthermore, we found an unexpected field-induced successive phase transition, which possibly originates from the interplay of low dimensionality and frustration.
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Shimokawa T, Nabeka H, Yamamiya K, Wakisaka H, Takeuchi T, Kobayashi N, Matsuda S. Distribution of prosaposin in rat lymphatic tissues. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 352:685-93. [PMID: 23420452 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prosaposin (PSAP) is as a trophic factor and an activator protein for sphingolipid hydrolase in lysosomes. We generated a specific antibody to PSAP and examined the spatiotemporal distribution of PSAP-immunoreactive (PSAP-IR) cells in the lymphatic tissues of Wistar rats. Immunoblots of tissue homogenates separated electrophoretically showed a single band for PSAP in brain but two bands in spleen. PSAP-IR cells were distributed in both the red and white pulp of the spleen, in both the cortex and medulla of the thymus and in mesenteric lymph nodes. Many PSAP-IR cells were found in the dome portion of Peyer's patches and the number of PSAP-IR cells increased with the age of the rat. To identify the PSAP-IR cells, double- and triple-immunostainings were performed with antibodies against PSAP, CD68 and CD1d. The large number of double- and triple-positive cells suggested that antigen-presenting cells contained much PSAP in these lymphatic tissues. Intense expression of PSAP mRNA, examined by in situ hybridisation, was observed in the red pulp and corona of the spleen. In rats, the PSAP gene generates two alternative splicing forms of mRNA: Pro+9 containing a 9-base insertion and Pro+0 without the insertion. We examined the expression patterns of the alternative splicing forms of PSAP mRNA in the spleen. The presence of both types of mRNA (Pro+9 and Pro+0) indicated that the spleen contains various types of prosaposin-producing and/or secreting cells. These findings suggest diverse functions for PSAP in the immune system.
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Li C, Gao HL, Shimokawa T, Nabeka H, Hamada F, Araki H, Cao YM, Kobayashi N, Matsuda S. Prosaposin expression in the regenerated muscles of mdx and cardiotoxin-treated mice. Histol Histopathol 2013; 28:875-92. [PMID: 23325523 DOI: 10.14670/hh-28.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The trophic factor prosaposin (PS) is strongly expressed in skeletal muscle, and reportedly, a PS-derived peptide attenuates loss of muscle mass after nerve injury in vivo and increases myoblast fusion into myotubes in vitro. However, few studies have focused on the role of PS during muscle regeneration. We examined the expression of PS in the skeletal muscles in normal, mdx, and cardiotoxin (CTX)-treated mice using immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and in situ hybridisation. Immunofluorescence showed intense PS immunoreactivity in the peripheral cytoplasm of uninjured myofibres of normal mice and regenerated myofibres of 8 weeks post-CTX-injection mice. In early stage CTX-treated mice (14 days and earlier), intense PS immunoreactivity was also detected in the immune cells that infiltrated damaged muscle, but it was weak for regenerating myofibres. Western blot confirmed these findings. In contrast, PS was continuously low in mdx mice in both immunofluorescence and Western blotting. In situ hybridisation confirmed the decrease of PS mRNA in regenerated myofibres and revealed the main form of PS mRNA as Pro+0 without a 9-base insertion both in normal and mdx mice. The embryonic myosin (MYH3) was clearly localized in the newly regenerated myofibres at 3, 7, and 14 days of post-CTX-injection and mdx mice, but was lower in the late stage of regenerated myofibres (28 and 56 days post-CTX injection). The inverse distribution of MYH3 and PS indicates that the PS expression is closely related to the differentiation of regenerated myofibres. Investigation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signal pathway showed the inversely synchronous correlation of phosphorylated ERK1/2 with myofibre PS and the synchronous correlation of phosphorylated p-38 with myofibre PS. These data suggest that PS is involved in the regulation of muscle differentiation of regenerated fibres.
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Shiozaki Y, Ito Y, Sugimoto Y, Tomioka M, Shimokawa T, Mazaki T, Koshimune K, Tanaka M, Ozaki T. Recovery of motor function in patients with subaxial cervical spine injury relevant to the fracture pattern. ACTA MEDICA OKAYAMA 2012; 66:469-73. [PMID: 23254581 DOI: 10.18926/amo/49043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we studied the relationship between fracture patterns and motor function recovery in 70 consecutive patients with cervical spinal cord injury. Fractures were categorized into 6 fracture types and subdivided into stages according to the Allen-Ferguson classification system:compressive flexion (CF), distractive flexion (DF), compressive extension (CE), distractive extension (DE), vertical compression (VC) and lateral flexion (LF). Paralysis was evaluated using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale at the time of injury and 3 months afterwards. The residual rate of complete motor palsy (ASIA grade A or B) at the final examination was higher in those patients with DE fractures than those with CF, DF or CE. The final outcomes were as follows. Of the 14 patients who were classified with CF fractures, residual palsy was frequently seen in patients who had stage 5 injury. Of the 27 patients with DF fractures, residual palsy occurred in about half of the patients who had stage 4 or 5 injury. Of the 18 patients with CE fractures, residual palsy occurred in half of the patients with stage 3 injury or higher. Finally, of the 7 patients with DE fractures, the rate of residual palsy was high even for the stage 1 and 2 cases;indeed, all DE patients who had complete motor palsy at the first examination had residual palsy at the final examination. Accordingly, we conclude that motor recovery may be related to fracture pattern.
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Takeuchi T, Yoshida M, Shimizu T, Asano A, Shimokawa T, Nabeta M, Usui T. Differential expressions of toll-like receptor genes in the vagina of pregnant mice. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 75:561-5. [PMID: 23238454 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian immune system is classified into two categories, innate and adaptive immunity, and innate immunity is an immunological first line of defense for the mucosal immune system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical roles in innate immunity, as they recognize specific molecular patterns found in microbial pathogens, and the activation of TLRs is an important step not only for the innate immune response, but also for the development of the subsequent antigen-specific adaptive immune response. Despite the importance of TLRs in mucosal immunity, little is known about their expression in the female genital mucosa during gestation. In the present study, gene expressions of TLRs 1 to 9 were investigated together with NF-κB and FoxP3 gene expressions in the vaginae of pregnant mice to understand the immune response of the female genital mucosa during pregnancy. We found that mRNA expressions of TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7 and TLR9 were significantly decreased during the late gestation period, whereas temporary increases were seen in the middle gestation period. Gene transcriptions of TLR1, TLR2, TLR3 and TLR8 were not changed specifically during the gestation period. The mRNA expression of NF-κB was not changed at any time during the gestation period, while the FoxP3 mRNA expression was increased in the middle gestation period. These results suggest that expressions of particular TLRs would be down-regulated during gestation so as to maintain the pregnant state.
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92
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Takeuchi T, Sugimoto Y, Asano A, Shimokawa T, Nabeta M, Usui T. Gene transcriptions of toll-like receptors in the mouse uterus during gestation. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 75:547-51. [PMID: 23229542 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical roles in innate immunity by recognizing a broad range of microbial components as ligands. The activation of TLRs is an important step not only for the innate immune response, but also for the development of the subsequent antigen-specific adaptive immune response. However, little is known about TLR expression in the female genital mucosa during gestation. In the present study, gene transcriptions of TLRs 1 to 9 were investigated in both the mesometrial side and the anti-mesometrial side of the uterus during gestation in the mouse reproductive organ during the gestation period. In the mesometrial side, gene transcriptions of TLR 1, 3, 4 and 9 were decreased in the late gestation period, whereas an increase of gene transcriptions of TLR 4 and 9 was seen in the early gestation period. In the anti-mesometrial side, gene transcriptions of TLR 1 and 9 were also decreased in the late gestation period, and TLR 9 gene transcription was increased in the early gestation period. On the other hand, gene transcriptions of TLR 3 and 4 were not changed in the late gestation period, but they were increased in the early gestation period. Gene transcriptions of TLR 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were not changed statistically in either side during the gestation period. These results suggest that the expressions of particular TLRs may be regulated in the uterus during the gestation period to maintain the pregnant state.
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Sato A, Nogami N, Shinkai T, Kozuki T, Ogino A, Misumi Y, Hosomi Y, Shimokawa T, Hida N, Seki N, Honma C, Okamoto H, Shibuya M, Morita S, Watanabe K. A Phase I/II Trial of Erlotinib S-1 Therapy in Patients with Previously Treated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Thoracic Oncology Research Group (TORG) 0808/0913. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)32390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Sonkoly E, Lovén J, Xu N, Meisgen F, Wei T, Brodin P, Jaks V, Kasper M, Shimokawa T, Harada M, Heilborn J, Hedblad MA, Hippe A, Grandér D, Homey B, Zaphiropoulos PG, Arsenian-Henriksson M, Ståhle M, Pivarcsi A. MicroRNA-203 functions as a tumor suppressor in basal cell carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2012; 1:e3. [PMID: 23552555 PMCID: PMC3412636 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2012.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin represents the most common malignancy in humans. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small regulatory RNAs with pleiotropic function, are commonly misregulated in cancer. Here we identify miR-203, a miRNA abundantly and preferentially expressed in skin, to be downregulated in BCCs. We show that activation of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway, critically involved in the pathogenesis of BCCs, as well as the EGFR/MEK/ERK/c-JUN signaling pathway suppresses miR-203. We identify c-JUN, a key effector of the HH pathway, as a novel direct target for miR-203 in vivo. Further supporting the role of miR-203 as a tumor suppressor, in vivo delivery of miR-203 mimics in a BCC mouse model results in the reduction of tumor growth. Our results identify a regulatory circuit involving miR-203 and c-JUN, which provides functional control over basal cell proliferation and differentiation. We propose that miR-203 functions as a ‘bona fide' tumor suppressor in BCC, whose suppressed expression contributes to oncogenic transformation via derepression of multiple stemness- and proliferation-related genes, and its overexpression could be of therapeutic value.
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Fujitani K, Tsujinaka T, Fujita J, Miyashiro I, Imamura H, Kimura Y, Kobayashi K, Kurokawa Y, Shimokawa T, Furukawa H. Prospective randomized trial of preoperative enteral immunonutrition followed by elective total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Br J Surg 2012; 99:621-9. [PMID: 22367794 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.8706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative enteral immunonutrition is thought to reduce postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. This study assessed the clinical effects of preoperative enteral immunonutrition in well nourished patients with gastric cancer undergoing total gastrectomy. METHODS Well nourished patients with primary gastric cancer, fit for total gastrectomy, were randomized to either a control group with regular diet, or an immunonutrition group that received regular diet supplemented with 1000 ml/day of immunonutrients for 5 consecutive days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the incidence of surgical-site infection (SSI). Secondary endpoints were rates of infectious complications, overall postoperative morbidity and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels on 3-4 days after surgery. RESULTS Of 244 randomized patients, 117 were allocated to the control group and 127 received immunonutrition. SSIs occurred in 27 patients in the immunonutrition group and 23 patients in the control group (risk ratio (RR) 1.09, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.66 to 1.78). Infectious complications were observed in 30 patients in the immunonutrition group and 27 in the control group (RR 1.11, 0.59 to 2.08). The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 30.8 and 26.1 per cent respectively (RR 1.18, 0.78 to 1.78). The median CRP value was 11.8 mg/dl in the immunonutrition group and 9.2 mg/dl in the control group (P = 0.113). CONCLUSION Five-day preoperative enteral immunonutrition failed to demonstrate any clear advantage in terms of early clinical outcomes or modification of the systemic acute-phase response in well nourished patients with gastric cancer undergoing elective total gastrectomy. REGISTRATION NUMBER ID 000000648 (University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) database).
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Shimokawa T, Seike M, Soeno C, Uesaka H, Miyanaga A, Mizutani H, Kitamura K, Minegishi Y, Noro R, Okano T, Yoshimura A, Gemma A. Enzastaurin has anti-tumour effects in lung cancers with overexpressed JAK pathway molecules. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:867-75. [PMID: 22333600 PMCID: PMC3305973 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzastaurin, an oral serine-threonine kinase inhibitor, was initially developed as an ATP-competitive selective inhibitor against protein kinase Cβ. However, the mechanism by which enzastaurin contributes to tumourigenesis remains unclear. METHODS We analysed the anti-tumour effects of enzastaurin in 22 lung cancer cell lines to ascertain the potential for enzastaurin-based treatment of lung cancer. To identify molecules or signalling pathways associated with this sensitivity, we conducted a gene, receptor tyrosine kinases phosphorylation and microRNA expression profiling study on the same set of cell lines. RESULTS We identified eight genes by pathway analysis of molecules having gene-drug sensitivity correlation, and used them to build a support vector machine algorithm model by which sensitive cell lines were distinguished from resistant cell lines. Pathway analysis revealed that the JAK/STAT signalling pathway was one of the main ones involved in sensitivity to enzastaurin. Overexpression of JAK1 was observed in the sensitive cells by western blotting. Simultaneous administration of enzastaurin and JAK inhibitor inhibited enzastaurin-induced cell growth-inhibitory effect. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated JAK1-overexpressing cells were more sensitive to enzastaurin than control cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the JAK1 pathway may be used as a single predictive biomarker for enzastaurin treatment. The anti-tumour effect of enzastaurin should be evaluated in lung cancer with overexpressed JAK pathway molecules.
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Yasunaga Y, Takeuchi T, Shimokawa T, Nabeta M, Matsuu A, Asano A, Ohta Y. Sugar expressions on the vaginal epithelium in pregnant mice. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:805-8. [PMID: 22251803 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar expressions were examined on the epithelium of both the middle portion of the vagina and the vaginal portion of the cervical canal (CC) in pregnant mice to understand the pathogenesis of bacterial infection in the female reproductive organ by using a panel of lectins. As a result, N-acetylglucosamine was positive before pregnant day (P) 7 but negative after P10 and at diestrus on both the vagina and the CC. In addition, some differences in sugar expressions were seen between them. These results suggest that sugar expressions on the mucosal surface would change not only site-specifically but also time-dependently, and these sugar differences indicate the possibility of the alteration of the settled bacterial species on the vaginal mucosa in pregnancy.
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Inoue K, Nakane Y, Kogire M, Fujitani K, Kimura Y, Imamura H, Tamura S, Okano S, Kwon AH, Kurokawa Y, Shimokawa T, Takiuchi H, Tsujinaka T, Furukawa H. Phase II trial of preoperative S-1 plus cisplatin followed by surgery for initially unresectable locally advanced gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011; 38:143-9. [PMID: 22154885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of preoperative chemotherapy with S-1 plus cisplatin in patients with initially unresectable locally advanced gastric cancer. METHODS We enrolled patients with initially unresectable locally advanced gastric cancer because of severe lymph node metastases or invasion of adjacent structures. Preoperative chemotherapy consisted of S-1 at 80 mg/m(2) divided in two daily doses for 21 days and cisplatin at 60 mg/m(2) intravenously on day 8, repeated every 35 days. If a tumor decreased in size, patients received 1 or 2 more courses. Surgery involved radical resection with D2 lymphadenectomy. RESULTS Between December 2000 and December 2007, 27 patients were enrolled on the study. No CR was obtained, but PR was seen in 17 cases, and the response rate was 63.0%. Thirteen patients (48.1%) had R0 resections. There were no treatment related deaths. The median overall survival time (MST) and the 3-year overall survival (OS) of all patients were 31.4 months and 31.0%, respectively. Among the 13 patients who underwent curative resection, the median disease-free survival (DFS) and the 3-year DFS were 17.4 months and 23.1%, respectively. The MST and the 3-year OS were 50.1 months and 53.8%, respectively. The most common site of initial recurrence after the R0 resection was the para-aortic lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative S-1 plus cisplatin can be safely delivered to patients undergoing radical gastrectomy. This regimen is promising as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer. For initially unresectable locally advanced gastric cancer, new trials using more effective regimens along with extended lymph node dissection are necessary.
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Yasunaga Y, Takeuchi T, Shimokawa T, Matsuu A, Ohta Y. Lectin histochemistry for sugars on the mucosal surface of the uterus in pregnant mice. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 74:617-20. [PMID: 22146338 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression patterns of sugars on the mucosal surface of the uterus in pregnant mice were investigated by using 21 kinds of lectins. In the uterine mucosa, the GlcNAc group tended to express a positive reaction before pregnant day 10, but the glucose/mannose group generally expressed a positive reaction after pregnant day 10. On the other hand, the fucose group expressed a negative reaction during all periods in pregnancy. These findings were almost the same on both the mesometrial side and anti-mesometrial side of the uterus. These differences of sugar expression probably reflect the functional change of the mucosa during pregnancy and the alteration of sugar expression may give a chance for pathogens to infect in the uterus with limited periods.
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Shimokawa T, Doihara T, Makara M, Miyawaki K, Nabeka H, Wakisaka H, Kobayashi N, Matsuda S. Lectin binding pattern of gastric mucosa of pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 74:155-60. [PMID: 21952399 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The stomach of the Pacific white-sided dolphin is divided into three parts: forestomach, proper gastric gland portion, and pyloric chamber. The histological features of the dolphin stomach are similar to those of terrestrial mammal stomachs, although the distribution of glycoconjugates in mucosal cells of the dolphin stomach is unknown. To learn about glycoconjugates in cetacean gastric mucosa, the glycoconjugate distribution in the mucous epithelium of the Pacific white-sided dolphin was studied using 21 lectins. Among the lectins tested, GSL-I and DBA specifically labelled the superficial layer of the forestomach epithelium. GSL-I, SBA, RCA-I, VVA, GSL-II, DSL, LEL, STL, s-WGA, WGA, PNA, and Jacalin labelled the luminal surface of the chief cells in the proper gastric gland. GSL-I, SBA, RCA-I, DSL, LEL, STL, s-WGA, PNA, and LCA labelled tubular structures in the cytoplasm of parietal cells. The surface portion of the pits in the pyloric chamber strongly reacted with RCA-I, GSL-II, WGA, PNA, LCA, PHA-L, and UEA-I, whereas the neck portion reacted weakly. Although lining one tubular portion, individual secretory cells in the pyloric gland displayed a heterogeneous reaction. This is the first report on the lectin histochemistry of a cetacean stomach and reveals GSL-I and DBA as specific marker lectins for the cornified stratified squamous epithelium cells of the Pacific white-sided dolphin. The stomachs of cetaceans and terrestrial mammals have similar histological features and mucous glycoconjugate content.
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