Effects of non-fat dairy products added to the routine diet on vascular function: a randomized controlled crossover trial

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

High consumption of low- and non-fat dairy products is associated with reduced risk of high blood pressure (BP) and central arterial stiffness. However, interventional studies to determine if the addition of non-fat dairy products to the diet is capable of reducing central BP and improving vascular function are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine if the solitary addition of non-fat dairy products to the normal routine diet would reduce central BP and improve vascular function in middle-aged and older adults with elevated BP.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Using a randomized, crossover intervention study design, forty-nine adults (44% men, 53 ± 2 years, 170 ± 2 cm, 88 ± 3 kg; mean ± SEM) with elevated BP (134 ± 1/81 ± 1 mm Hg) underwent a High Dairy condition (+4 servings/day of conventional non-fat dairy products) and No Dairy condition (+4 servings/day fruit products) in which all dairy products were removed. Both dietary conditions lasted 4 weeks with a 2-week washout before crossing over into the alternate condition. The High Dairy condition produced reductions in central systolic BP (-3 ± 1 mm Hg) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (-0.5 ± 0.1 m/sec), with a concomitant increase in brachial flow-mediated dilation (+1.1 ± 0.4%) and cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (+5 ± 1 ms/mm Hg) (P < 0.05 for all vs. baseline). In the No Dairy condition, brachial flow-mediated dilation was reduced (-1.0 ± 0.1%, P < 0.05 vs. baseline).

CONCLUSIONS

The solitary manipulation of conventional dairy products in the normal routine diet modulates levels of central BP and vascular function in middle-aged and older adults with elevated BP.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01577030.

Muon reconstruction efficiency and momentum resolution of the ATLAS experiment in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV in 2010

This paper presents a study of the performance of the muon reconstruction in the analysis of proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV at the LHC, recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2010. This performance is described in terms of reconstruction and isolation efficiencies and momentum resolutions for different classes of reconstructed muons. The results are obtained from an analysis of [Formula: see text] meson and [Formula: see text] boson decays to dimuons, reconstructed from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 40 pb[Formula: see text]. The measured performance is compared to Monte Carlo predictions and deviations from the predicted performance are discussed.

The adequacy of the distal resection margin after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer

AIM

The study aimed to determine the adequacy of the distal margin in patients having preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by restorative surgery for rectal cancer.

METHOD

A total of 368 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated for cure at our institution between July 1999 and March 2009 were included in the study. All underwent preoperative CRT and sphincter-sparing surgery. The distal margin and other factors were examined for their effect on recurrence and survival. The median duration of follow-up was 48 months.

RESULTS

The length of distal margin ranged from 0 to 9.0 cm (median 1.5 cm). The pelvic control and disease-free survival rates at 5 years for patients with a margin of ≤ 3 mm were no different from those in whom it was > 3 mm (P = 0.6 and 0.8). The 5-year pelvic control rates between the ≤ 3 mm and > 3 mm groups were 66.7 and 86.2% in patients with a ypT3-4 tumour (P = 0.049) and 70.0 and 89.1% in patients who showed no response to CRT (P = 0.039).

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that a distal margin of < 3 mm in the surgical specimen after preoperative CRT is associated with a lower rate of pelvic tumour control at 5 years in patients with Stage ypT3-4 tumours or in those who do not respond to CRT.

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The differential production cross section of the [Formula: see text](1020) meson in [Formula: see text] = 7 TeV [Formula: see text] collisions measured with the ATLAS detector

A measurement is presented of the [Formula: see text] production cross section at [Formula: see text] = 7 TeV using [Formula: see text] collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 383 [Formula: see text], collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Selection of [Formula: see text](1020) mesons is based on the identification of charged kaons by their energy loss in the pixel detector. The differential cross section is measured as a function of the transverse momentum, [Formula: see text], and rapidity, [Formula: see text], of the [Formula: see text](1020) meson in the fiducial region 500 [Formula: see text] 1200 MeV, [Formula: see text] 0.8, kaon [Formula: see text] 230 MeV and kaon momentum [Formula: see text] 800 MeV. The integrated [Formula: see text]-meson production cross section in this fiducial range is measured to be [Formula: see text] = 570 [Formula: see text] 8 (stat) [Formula: see text] 66 (syst) [Formula: see text] 20 (lumi) [Formula: see text].

Distinctive role of 6-month teriparatide treatment on intractable bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

The administration of teriparatide (TPTD) in conjunction with periodontal care could provide faster and more favorable clinical outcomes in previously refractory bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) cases compared to conventional dental care, combination of surgery and antimicrobial treatment. We also found that underlying vitamin D levels might influence the response to TPTD treatment.

INTRODUCTION

Treatment of BRONJ is quite challenging and there are no standard treatment modalities. In this retrospective, longitudinal study, we examined whether additional TPTD administration could be beneficial for the resolution of BRONJ lesions compared to conservative management, such as antimicrobial treatment with or without surgery, and also studied the factors influencing the response to TPTD.

METHODS

Twenty-four cases of intractable BRONJ were included: 15 subjects were assigned to the TPTD group and the other 9 subjects, who refused TPTD administration, were assigned to the non-TPTD group. All subjects in both groups continued calcium and vitamin D supplementation and the TPTD group additionally received a daily subcutaneous injection of 20 μg TPTD for 6 months.

RESULTS

While 60.0% of the non-TPTD group showed one stage of improvement in BRONJ, 40.0% of the group did not show any improvement in disease status. In the TPTD group, 62.5% of the treated subjects showed one stage of improvement and the other 37.5% demonstrated a marked improvement, including two stages of improvement or complete healing, and there was not a single case that did not improve. The clinical improvement of BRONJ was statistically better in the TPTD group after the 6-month treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, patients with higher baseline serum 25(OH)D levels showed better clinical therapeutic outcomes with TPTD.

CONCLUSIONS

We observed the beneficial effects of TPTD on BRONJ, and subjects with optimal serum vitamin D concentrations seemed to reap the maximum therapeutic effects of TPTD. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial should be needed to further evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of TPTD in the resolution of BRONJ.