Publisher Correction: Electronic structure of the parent compound of superconducting infinite-layer nickelates

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

[Efficacy of esophageal cancer screening program on population at high risk: a survey carried out in people aged 40-69 years in Yangzhong, Jiangsu province]

Objective: To understand the incidence of esophageal cancer in population at high risk in Yangzhong of Jiangsu province. Methods: Cluster random sampling method was conducted to select several natural villages from the high risk area of esophageal cancer in Yangzhong during 2011-2017. Local residents aged 40-69 years were selected as the target population and a total of 14 687 persons were diagnosed esophageal cancer by endoscopy and pathology. Results: Precancerous lesions were detected in 341 persons, with the detection rate as 2.32% (341/14 687). Among them, there were 234 (1.59%) cases with mild and 107 (0.73%) cases with moderate esophageal hyperplasia. There were 77 positive cases with esophageal hyperplasia and the detection rate was 0.52%. Among these positive cases, 41 showed severe esophageal hyperplasia/carcinoma in situ (0.28%), with another 19 as early esophageal cancer (0.13%) and 17 with invasive carcinoma (0.12%). The overall early detection rate of positivity through active screening was 77.92% (60/77), with trends of upwarding and then downwarding. The detection rate of esophageal lesions in men was higher than that in women (P<0.05), but without significant gender specific differences seen in the detection rates of early esophageal cancer or invasive carcinoma (P>0.05). The detection rates of all lesions other than invasive carcinoma, gradually increased with age (P<0.05). The detection rate of invasive carcinoma reached the highest (0.39%, 10/2 547) in the age group of 60-years and slightly decreased in the age group of 65-years old. Conclusions: Considerable numbers of patients with cancer and precancerous lesions in groups at high-risk can be found through the screening program for esophageal cancer, suggesting that the screening program is of great significance in improving the survival rate and quality of life. Attention should be paid to men, with elderly groups in particular, at high-risk in order to increase the detection rate of early cases.

Efficient and Facile Electrochemical Process for the Production of High-Quality Lithium Hexafluorophosphate Electrolyte

The global consumption for lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) has increased dramatically with the rapid growth of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale electric energy storage applications. Conventional LiPF₆ production has a high cost and high energy consumption due to complicated separation and purification processes. Here, based on the electrode materials of LiMn₂O₄ and polyaniline (PANI), we propose a facile electrochemical extraction/release process for LiPF₆ electrolyte production. This new technology consists of two independent steps: a PF₆^-- and Li⁺-extracting step using a PANI/Li_xMn₂O₄ cell in aqueous solution (an ion extraction step) and a LiPF₆ electrolyte production step from the charged LiMn₂O₄/PANI⁺PF₆^- cell in an organic electrolyte (an ion release step). This new process can effectively avoid the contamination of HF residue in the final product, providing a great possibility to create a facile, energy-efficient, and low-cost LiPF₆ electrolyte production.

Enabling electrochemical compatibility of non-flammable phosphate electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries by tuning their molar ratios of salt to solvent

We develop a new type of electrolyte with a high molar ratio (MR) of salt to solvent but a low molar concentration by adjusting the molar mass of the solvent. The present 1 : 2 LiFSI-triamyl phosphate electrolyte exhibits a low molar concentration of only 1.35 M along with excellent electrochemical stability against the graphite anode.

THU0076 SONIC HEDGEHOG PROMOTES SYNOVIAL HYPERPLASIA AND BONE DAMAGE THROUGH P38 MAPK SIGNALING IN EXPERIMENTAL ARTHRITIS

Background:

Abnormal activation of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling has been found in synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Inhibition of SHH signaling is reported to attenuate inflammation and cartilage damage in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). Previously we have demonstrated that SHH signaling promoted the tumor-like behavior of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) through p38 MAPKin vitro.

Objectives:

In the current study, we aim to further explore the role of SHH-p38 MAPK signaling in regulating synovial hyperplasia and bone erosion in experimental arthritis.

Methods:

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model was induced and the mice were injected with adenovirus associated virus (AAV) overexpressing SHH or treated with small molecule inhibitors GDC-0449. SB203580 was administrated for the inhibition of p38 MAPK. The severity of paw inflammation was graded and serum levels of TNFα, IL-6 were detected. The histological features of arthritis were evaluated by H&E staining. The bone erosion was identified by micro-CT assessment and the number and function of osteoclasts were determined.

Results:

Blockade of SHH by GDC-0449 significantly alleviated the symptoms and decreased the synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltration, cartilage and bone damage in ankles of CIA. The bone erosions in the area of the metatarsophalangeal and ankle joints and production of TNFα, IL-6 were decreased by SHH inhibition. In addition, the administration of GDC-0449 significantly decreased the number of TRAP positive cells and the expression of NFATc1. On the contrary, SHH overexpression led to increased severity of arthritis and pathological changes. We also observed the accelerated bone injury accompanied with increased number and activity of osteoclasts and increased production of serum IL-6 in mice with upregulation of SHH expression. Of note, the administration of p38 MAPK inhibitor reversed the effects of SHH overexpression, with a reduction of joint swelling and histological scores. Inhibition of p38 MAPK prevented the bone erosion and decreased the number of TRAP positive cells and the expression of NFATc1, which were promoted by SHH overexpression.

Conclusion:

The study indicates that SHH promotes the synovial hyperplasia and bone erosion of CIA in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. SHH-p38 MAPK signaling could be a potential target for the treatment of RA.

Acknowledgments:

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81571584, 81701609).

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

[Effects of dynamic contrast enhancement on diffusion weighted imaging score of 3 in prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 of peripheral zone]

Objective: To investigate the effects and value of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) score 3 in the prostate imaging data and reporting system version 2(PI-RADS V2)of peripheral zone. Methods: A retrospective study of consecutive 204 cases of prostate disease in peripheral zone was conducted from January 2015 to January 2018, including 169 cases of prostate cancer and 35 cases of non-prostate cancer. All cases were examined multi-parametric MR imaging on a 3-T MR scanner and confirmed by pathology. Images were analyzed according to PI-RADS V2.Inter-reader agreement of scores was evaluated by kappa coefficient. The constituent ratio of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in PI-RADS V2 overall scores 3, 3+1 and 4 were calculated and analyzed by non-parametric Chi-square test to determine whether the difference in composition ratio was significant. The positive rate of DCE in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) score 3 and 4 were calculated. Results: There were 68.6%(140/204) cases in 204 patients with peripheral prostate disease who scored PI-RADS V2 overall score of 3,3+1 and 4. Kappa value was higher for the PI-RADS V2 overallscore of 4 than 3 or 3+1 in the PZ (k values of 0.802 vs 0.737 or 0.591, respectively; all P<0.01). The constituent ratio of csPCa in PI-RADS V2 overallscore of 3, 3+1 and 4 were 16.7%(3/18),43.2%(19/44),78.2%(61/78), the difference of which was significant (χ(2)=29.839, P<0.05).There was also a significant difference between the constituent ratio of csPCa in the score of 3+1 and 4 (χ(2)=15.286, P<0.01).The positive rate of DCE in cases of PI-RADS V2 overall score 3,3+1 and 4 was 76.4%(107/140).The positive rate of DCE incases of DWI score 3 and 4 were 71.0%(44/62), 80.8%(63/78),respectively. Conclusion: DCE has a certain value in PI-RADS V2 due to its high positive rate in the detection of prostate cancer in peripheral zone.DCE is helpful to DWI score 3 to improve the detection rate of csPCa.The PI-RADS V2 overall score 3+1 and 4 in the peripheral zone maybe need to be distinguished due to the different detection of csPCa.

Implication of Modified Chemical Profiles of Different Seed Proteins through Heat-Related Processing to Protein Nutrition and Metabolic Characteristics in Ruminant Systems

The objectives of this study were to reveal the implication of modified chemical profiles of protein in cool-season-adapted cereal seeds through heat-related processing to protein nutrition and metabolic characteristics in ruminant systems. The parameters of protein-related chemical and nutritive profiles modified by heat-related processing included (a) chemical and nutrient profiles, (b) degradation kinetics (K_d and BCP), (c) digestion (IDP and TDP), (d) degraded protein balance (DPB/OEB value), and (e) metabolizable protein (MP, DVE, and FMV values). The seeds used in this study included cool-season-adapted wheat (CSW), triticale (CST), and corn (CSC). Each grain source had 3 consecutive year-replicated samples and were subjected to different heat-related processing: dry heating (DH) and moist heating (MH). The results showed that (1) the heat-related processing significantly modified metabolic characteristics of protein in the seeds (p < 0.05), (2) in comparison to DH, MH had a dramatic improvement (p < 0.05) in protein utilization profiles (decreased rumen degradation and increased intestinal digestion), (3) the seeds had significant (p < 0.05) difference in rumen degradation and intestinal digestion, (4) among the seeds, the CSW had the highest milk value (FMV; p < 0.05) and was increased by MH application (p < 0.05), and (5) the results showed that the seeds responded independently to different heat-related processing. MH-related processing had a more profound impact on CSW and CST in chemical profiles and nutrition. The CSC had less response to the heat-related processing.

GPR39 Overexpression in OSCC Promotes YAP-Sustained Malignant Progression

The clinical outcome of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not improved in recent years, mainly due to the limited effective targeted therapy that has been applied. Recently, a transcriptional coactivator, YAP, has been shown to have a key regulatory role in malignant progression in multiple cancers, including OSCC. But pharmacologically targeting YAP or the Hippo pathway, which is the main signaling pathway regulating YAP, has been proven to be challenging. Therefore, uncovering YAP upstream regulators in cancer would identify novel therapeutic targets for treatment of YAP-sustained cancers. Here, we showed that YAP was overactivated in OSCC and that high YAP activity in patients with OSCC was associated with malignant progression and poor survival. We uncovered that GPR39 (a G protein-coupled receptor) was overexpressed in OSCC, that the expression level of GPR39 was correlated with the activity level of YAP, and that the high GPR39 expression was associated with malignant progression and poor survival in patients with OSCC. Moreover, we found that GPR39 regulated YAP through a Gαq/11-RhoA-dependent signaling pathway. Importantly, inhibition of GPR39 resulted in YAP-sustained OSCC growth inhibition. Our findings suggest that GPR39 is a potential therapeutic target for OSCC treatment with itself as a biomarker.

Electronic structure of the parent compound of superconducting infinite-layer nickelates

The search continues for nickel oxide-based materials with electronic properties similar to cuprate high-temperature superconductors^1-10. The recent discovery of superconductivity in the doped infinite-layer nickelate NdNiO₂ (refs. ^11,12) has strengthened these efforts. Here, we use X-ray spectroscopy and density functional theory to show that the electronic structure of LaNiO₂ and NdNiO₂, while similar to the cuprates, includes significant distinctions. Unlike cuprates, the rare-earth spacer layer in the infinite-layer nickelate supports a weakly interacting three-dimensional 5d metallic state, which hybridizes with a quasi-two-dimensional, strongly correlated state with [Formula: see text] symmetry in the NiO₂ layers. Thus, the infinite-layer nickelate can be regarded as a sibling of the rare-earth intermetallics^13-15, which are well known for heavy fermion behaviour, where the NiO₂ correlated layers play an analogous role to the 4f states in rare-earth heavy fermion compounds. This Kondo- or Anderson-lattice-like 'oxide-intermetallic' replaces the Mott insulator as the reference state from which superconductivity emerges upon doping.

Bimetal Synergistic Effect Induced High Reversibility of Conversion-Type Ni@NiCo2S4 as a Free-Standing Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries

Conversion-type anode materials for sodium ion batteries have received extensive attention because of their relatively high theoretical capacity. However, multiple challenging obstacles stand in the way of their commercial application, especially their poor cycling stability resulting from the bad reversibility of the conversion reaction. Herein, Ni-Co bimetal sulfide was selected and investigated with the goal of improving the reversibility of the conversion reaction owing to the similarity of Ni and Co. As expected, when three-dimensional hierarchical Ni@NiCo₂S₄ (NiCo₂S₄ nanowires growing on the Ni foam) was applied as the free-standing anode for sodium ion batteries, it demonstrated high capacity and excellent cycling stability (90.65%, 100 cycles) compared with those of monometallic sulfides. Various characterization [in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), ex situ XRD, ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FESEM mapping, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy] tests confirmed that the Ni-Co alloy was formed during the discharge process and effectively prevented the crystalline grain growth of conversion reaction products, improving the reaction kinetics and reversibility.

Estimation of error variance via ridge regression

We propose a novel estimator of error variance and establish its asymptotic properties based on ridge regression and random matrix theory. The proposed estimator is valid under both low- and high-dimensional models, and performs well not only in nonsparse cases, but also in sparse ones. The finite-sample performance of the proposed method is assessed through an intensive numerical study, which indicates that the method is promising compared with its competitors in many interesting scenarios.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in aristolochic acid I-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells

Aristolochic acid (AA) is a compound extracted from the Aristolochia species of herbs. AA exposure is associated with kidney injury known as aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). Proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) is the primary target of AA and rich in mitochondria. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of kidney disease. However, the status of mitochondrial function in PTEC after exposure to AA remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of aristolochic acid I (AAI) on cell apoptosis and mitochondrial function in PTEC. Normal rat kidney-52E (NRK-52E) cells were exposed to different concentrations of AAI for different time periods. Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 by Western blotting. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It was found that AAI reduced cell viability and increased cell apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In parallel to increased apoptosis, NRK-52E cell manifested signs of mitochondrial dysfunction in response to AAI treatment. The data indicated that AAI could increase ROS level, lower MMP, decrease mtDNA copy number, and reduce ATP production. In addition, Szeto-Schiller 31, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide, attenuated AAI-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Our study depicted significant aberrant of mitochondrial function in AAI-treated NRK-52E cell, which suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in AAI-induced apoptosis in PTEC.

A Membrane-Free and Energy-Efficient Three-Step Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis with Higher-Purity NaOH Production

Conventional chlor-alkali processes are energy-consuming and environmentally unfriendly. To deal with this problem, we developed a three-step electrolysis (TSE) for a cleaner, energy-saving, and lower-cost chlor-alkali process. This new chlor-alkali process consists of three independent steps: a NaOH-production step in a Na_0.44MnO₂/oxygen-depolarizing cathode cell (step I), a Na⁺ and CI^- extraction step in a Ag/Na_0.44-xMnO₂ cell (step II), and a CI₂-production step in a graphite/AgCl cell (step III). This technology avoids the use of expensive ion-exchange membrane and toxic electrode materials, providing a great prospect to create a cleaner, energy-saving, and lower-cost chlor-alkali electrolysis process. This electrochemical ion coupling/decoupling technology can also be extended to other salt solutions (Na₂SO₄/NaNO₃) to produce corresponding alkali (NaOH) and acid (H₂SO₄/HNO₃), which has potential significance in the chlor-alkali industry.

Hollow carbon nanofibers as high-performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) are successfully fabricated by pyrolyzation of a polyaniline hollow nanofiber precursor. The as-prepared HCNFs as sodium storage anode materials exhibit a high reversible charge capacity of 326 mA h g-1 at 20 mA g-1, high rate capability (85 mA h g-1 at 1.6 A g-1) and superior cycling stability (a capacity retention of 70% even after 5000 cycles at 1.6 A g-1). Such a high performance of HCNFs can be ascribed to the special hollow structure characteristics; they possess a well fabricated electronic transport path and can shorten the ion diffusion distance. Therefore, the HCNFs can be regarded as promising anode materials for advanced sodium ion batteries (SIBs).

Evolving Practice Patterns Over Two Decades (1993-2013) in the Management of Desmoid-type Fibromatosis in British Columbia

AIMS

Due to the rarity and varied natural history of desmoid-type fibromatosis, evidence-based treatment standards for this disease remain lacking. This study evaluated outcomes in patients with desmoid-type fibromatosis managed at a Canadian institution over two decades.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Records of 227 patients with desmoid-type fibromatosis referred from 1990 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed to investigate management strategies including active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, cryoablation, and systemic therapy, including tamoxifen and chemotherapy.

RESULTS

Thirty-two per cent of cases were men, median age 40 years, median tumour size 5.4 cm. Initial treatments were surgery (79%), tamoxifen (13%), radiation therapy (5.0%), chemotherapy (1.8%) and cryoablation (1.2%). Active surveillance was used upfront in 26% of cases, most after 2005. At a median follow-up of 77 months, one patient died of disease, 13 died of unrelated causes and the remainder were alive with no evidence of disease (56%), stable/responding disease (33%) or progressive disease (4%). The recurrence rate was 25% after upfront surgery. Response rates and disease control rates were 40% and 76% for active surveillance; 68% and 96% for radiation therapy; 31% and 67% for tamoxifen; and 53% and 80% for chemotherapy. On univariable analysis, factors associated with a higher recurrence after initial surgery were young age (P = 0.012), male gender (P = 0.012) and extremity location (P = 0.005). On multivariable analysis, only young age was significantly associated with recurrence risk (P = 0.010).

CONCLUSIONS

Active surveillance was associated with spontaneous regression and long-term disease control consistent with other studies. Primary radiation therapy appeared to provide a similar response and disease control compared with systemic treatments and may be a viable option for patients who are not candidates for surgery or active surveillance.

Metabolic syndrome and renal cell cancer risk in Chinese males: a population-based prospective study

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now a common public health problem. Few researches have reported the relationship between MetS and the risk of renal cell cancer (RCC). To investigate the association of metabolic syndrome and its components with the risk of RCC in Chinese males, the study was performed in the Kailuan male cohort, a large prospective cohort study.

Methods

A total of 104,333 eligible males enrolled in the every 2-year health checkup were involved in the Kailuan male cohort study (2006-2015). Information on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, medical history and laboratory tests at baseline entry was obtained. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between MetS and the RCC risk.

Results

During a median follow-up of 8.9 years, 131 RCC cases were verified over a total of 824,211.96 person-years. Among the 5 single MetS components, hypertension (Systolic/diastolic blood pressure≥130/85 mm Hg or antihypertensive drug treatment of previously hypertension) (HR = 2.35, 95%CI:1.48-3.72) and elevated triglyceride (TG) (≥1.7mmol/L) (HR = 1.78, 95%CI:1.23-2.56) showed significant risk for RCC. Multivariate analysis showed that compared to those who did not meet MetS diagnostic criteria (number of abnormal MetS components&lt;3), HR of RCC risk for participants with MetS was 1.95 (95% CI 1.35-2.83). The number of abnormal MetS components was linearly associated with an increased risk of RCC (P trend&lt;0.001), and the HRs of RCC risk for males with 1, 2 and ≥3 MetS components were 1.27 (0.56-2.90), 2.42 (1.12-5.20) and 3.32 (1.56-7.07), respectively, compared with subjects without MetS components.

Conclusions

MetS was inversely associated with of RCC risk in males.

Key messages

MetS might be one of the scientific and important predictors of RCC. Controlling metabolic syndrome may potentially have key scientific and clinical significance for RCC prevention.

Overexpression of paralogues of the wheat expansin gene TaEXPA8 improves low-temperature tolerance in Arabidopsis

Low temperature is one of the important factors limiting wheat yield in cold regions. Expansins are nonenzymatic proteins that loosen cell walls and play important roles in diverse biological processes related to cell wall modification, including development and stress tolerance. Many studies have shown that expansins are involved in resistance to various abiotic stresses, such as heat and drought. However, the role of expansins in response to low-temperature stress remains unclear. Based on our previous transcriptome data of a winter wheat cultivar Dongnongdongmai 2 (DN2), we found that one of the expansin genes, TaEXPA8, was significantly induced by low temperature, indicating a role for TaEXPA8 in cold resistance. In this study, the paralogous TaEXPA8 genes TaEXPA8-A, TaEXPA8-B and TaEXPA8-D were cloned by RT-PCR. These three genes were then transformed into Arabidopsis by the floral dip method. Expression patterns of TaEXPA8 genes in different tissues and in response to several abiotic stresses and hormones were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that TaEXPA8-A and TaEXPA8-B were expressed mainly in roots, while TaEXPA8-D was expressed predominantly in flowers. TaEXPA8 genes were induced by low-temperature and drought. The overexpression of TaEXPA8-B and TaEXPA8-D enhanced low-temperature resistance and had increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity and soluble protein, MDA and proline content. In summary, our study suggested that the expansins TaEXPA8-B and TaEXPA8-D are involved in the response to low temperature and possibly play a role in cold resistance by activating the protective enzyme system.

Highly Electrochemically-Reversible Mesoporous Na2 FePO4 F/C as Cathode Material for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

As promising cathode materials, iron-based phosphate compounds have attracted wide attention for sodium-ion batteries due to their low cost and safety. Among them, sodium iron fluorophosphate (Na₂ FePO₄ F) is widely noted due to its layered structure and high operating voltage compared with NaFePO₄ . Here, a mesoporous Na₂ FePO₄ F@C (M-NFPF@C) composite derived from mesoporous FePO₄ is synthesized through a facile ball-milling combined calcination method. Benefiting from the mesoporous structure and highly conductive carbon, the M-NFPF@C material exhibits a high reversible capacity of 114 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 C, excellent rate capability (42 mAh g^-1 at 10 C), and good cycling performance (55% retention after 600 cycles at 5 C). The high plateau capacity obtained (>90% of total capacity) not only shows high electrochemical reversibility of the as-prepared M-NFPF@C but also provides high energy density, which mainly originates from its mesoporous structure derived from the mesoporous FePO₄ precursor. The M-NFPF@C serves as a promising cathode material with high performance and low cost for sodium-ion batteries.