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Shin Y, Takeda K, Jia Y, Jackson L, Wright A, Carter L, Zuzack J, Gross S, Robinson J, Hicken E, Munson M, Gelfand E. The Effects of a Pim Kinase Inhibitor on Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and Inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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77
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Carter L, Shiraishi Y, Shin Y, Burgess L, Eberhardt C, Wright A, Klopfenstein N, McVean M, Gomez A, Chantry D, Cook A, Takeda K, Gelfand E. Potent and Selective CRTH2 Antagonists are Efficacious in Models of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis (AR) and Atopic Dermatitis (AD). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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78
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Hopfer S, Davis D, Kam JA, Shin Y, Elek E, Hecht ML. A review of elementary school-based substance use prevention programs: identifying program attributes. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2010; 40:11-36. [PMID: 21038761 DOI: 10.2190/de.40.1.b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This article takes a systematic approach to reviewing substance use prevention programs introduced in elementary school (K-6th grade). Previous studies evaluating such programs among elementary school students showed mixed effects on subsequent substance use and related psychosocial factors. Thirty published evaluation studies of 24 elementary school-based substance use prevention programs were reviewed. The study selection criteria included searching for program evaluations from 1980 to 2008. Among 27 evaluation studies that examined program effects on substance use, 56% (n = 15) found significant decreases. In addition, programs most often demonstrated effects on increasing negative substance use attitudes, increasing knowledge, decreasing perceptions of prevalence rates (i.e., descriptive norms), and improving resistance skills. These results have implications for the appropriateness and value of introducing substance use prevention programs to youth in elementary school.
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Choo EF, Driscoll JP, Feng J, Liederer B, Plise E, Randolph N, Shin Y, Wong S, Ran Y. Disposition of GDC-0879, a B-RAF kinase inhibitor in preclinical species. Xenobiotica 2009; 39:700-9. [PMID: 19552528 DOI: 10.1080/00498250902991827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The pharmacokinetics and disposition of GDC-0879, a small molecule B-RAF kinase inhibitor, was characterized in mouse, rat, dog, and monkey. 2. In mouse and monkey, clearance (CL) of GDC-0879 was moderate (18.7-24.3 and 14.5 +/- 2.1 ml min(-1) kg(-1), respectively), low in dog (5.84 +/- 1.06 ml min(-1) kg(-1)) and high in rat (86.9 +/- 14.2 ml min(-1) kg(-1)). The volume of distribution across species ranged from 0.49 to 1.9 l kg(-1). Mean terminal half-life values ranged from 0.28 h in rats to 2.97 h in dogs. Absolute oral bioavailability ranged from 18% in dog to 65% in mouse. 3. Plasma protein binding of GDC-0879 in mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and humans ranged from 68.8% to 81.9%. 4. In dog, the major ketone metabolite (G-030748) of GDC-0879 appeared to be formation rate-limited. 5. Based on assessment in dogs, the absorption of GDC-0879 appeared to be sensitive to changes in gut pH, food and salt form (solubililty), with approximately three- to four-fold change in areas under the curve (AUCs) observed.
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Wong H, Chen J, Chou B, Halladay J, Kenny J, La H, Marsters J, Plise E, Rudewicz P, Robarge K, Shin Y, Wong S, Zhang C, Khojasteh S. Preclinical assessment of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of GDC-0449 (2-chloro-N-(4-chloro-3-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide), an orally bioavailable systemic Hedgehog signalling pathway inhibitor. Xenobiotica 2009; 39:850-61. [DOI: 10.3109/00498250903180289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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81
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Wong H, Chen J, Chou B, Halladay J, Kenny J, La H, Marsters J, Plise E, Rudewicz P, Robarge K, Shin Y, Wong S, Zhang C, Khojasteh S. Preclinical assessment of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of GDC-0449 (2-chloro-N-(4-chloro-3-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide), an orally bioavailable systemic Hedgehog signalling pathway inhibitor. Xenobiotica 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00498250903180289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ketterle W, Shin Y, Schirotzek A, Schunk CH. Superfluidity in a gas of strongly interacting fermions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:164206. [PMID: 21825386 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/16/164206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
After an introduction into 100 years of research on superfluidity and the concept of the BCS-BEC crossover, we describe recent experimental studies of a spin-polarized Fermi gas with strong interactions. Tomographically resolving the spatial structure of an inhomogeneous trapped sample, we have mapped out the superfluid phases in the parameter space of temperature, spin polarization, and interaction strength. Phase separation between the superfluid and the normal component occurs at low temperatures, showing spatial discontinuities in the spin polarization. The critical polarization of the normal gas increases with stronger coupling. Beyond a critical interaction strength all minority atoms pair with majority atoms, and the system can be effectively described as a boson-fermion mixture. Pairing correlations have been studied by rf spectroscopy, determining the fermion pair size and the pairing gap energy in a resonantly interacting superfluid.
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Abstract
The fruit of Lycii fructus has been used as a tonic medicine and a long-term healthy food without side effect in Asia. An increase in the demand for natural healthy food, L. fructus has been thought as a source of healthy foods. For its value adding, its character impact aromas were isolated by using direct solvent extraction with vacuum transfer and identified by using gas chromatography olfactometry (GC-O) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-three odor compounds were sniffed at GC-O, each trial equipped with DB-5MS and HP-WAX capillary column. The most contributing odor compounds in L. fructus were (E)-2-heptenal (green, mushroomy), 1-heptanol (planty, oily), hexanal (planty), 3-octanol (mushroomy, planty), 1-octen-3-ol (mushroomy), and 2-methyl-2-butenoic acid (pungent, planty), which might be produced by enzymatic oxidation and/or oxidation of lipids and carotenes, resulting in undesirable aromas.
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Shin Y, Ryu JA, Liu RH, Nock JF, Polar-Cabrera K, Watkins CB. Fruit quality, antioxidant contents and activity, and antiproliferative activity of strawberry fruit stored in elevated CO2 atmospheres. J Food Sci 2009; 73:S339-44. [PMID: 19241580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of CO2 in the storage atmosphere on color, firmness, ascorbic acid (AA), anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolics, total antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative activity of strawberry fruit have been investigated. "Northeaster" and "Earliglow" strawberries were stored in air or in 20% CO2 (in air) at 3 degrees C for 20 d. Color changes in Northeaster were delayed more by CO2 treatment than in Earliglow. Firmness of CO2-stored fruit increased slightly compared with those stored in air. The increases in total and reduced AA concentrations during air storage were usually prevented by CO2 storage in both cultivars. Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) concentrations increased during CO2 storage. Anthocyanins and flavonoids, and total antioxidant activity of both cultivars were higher in air-stored fruit than in CO2-stored fruit. The total phenolic concentration was lower in CO2-stored Earliglow fruit than in air, but storage treatment did not affect that of Northeaster. A 40 mg/mL concentration of Northeaster strawberry extract inhibited about 80% of HepG2 human liver cancer cell proliferation. CO2 treatment did not affect the antiproliferative activity of strawberry fruits, but antiproliferative activity was greater at harvest than after storage.
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Shin Y, Lim C, Koh Y, Hong S. Clinical outcome in patients who experienced inhospital cardiac arrest by underlying disease. Crit Care 2009. [PMCID: PMC4083951 DOI: 10.1186/cc7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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86
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Cowling SA, Shin Y, Pinto E, Jones CD. Water recycling by Amazonian vegetation: coupled versus uncoupled vegetation-climate interactions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:1865-71. [PMID: 18267898 PMCID: PMC2374916 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To demonstrate the relationship between Amazonian vegetation and surface water dynamics, specifically, the recycling of water via evapotranspiration (ET), we compare two general circulation model experiments; one that couples the IS92a scenario of future CO2 emissions to a land-surface scheme with dynamic vegetation (coupled) and the other to fixed vegetation (uncoupled). Because the only difference between simulations involves vegetation coupling, any alterations to surface energy and water balance must be due to vegetation feedbacks. The proportion of water recycled back to the atmosphere is relatively conserved through time for both experiments. Absolute value of recycled water is lower in our coupled relative to our uncoupled simulation as a result of increasing atmospheric CO2 that in turn promotes lowering of stomatal conductance and increase in water-use efficiency. Bowen ratio increases with decreasing per cent broadleaf cover, with the greatest rate of change occurring at high vegetation cover (above 70% broadleaf cover). Over the duration of the climate change simulation, precipitation is reduced by an extra 30% in the coupled relative to the uncoupled simulations. Lifting condensation level (proxy for base height of cumulus cloud formation) is 520 m higher in our coupled relative to uncoupled simulations.
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Kim J, Choi S, Lee M, Hyun I, Hur Y, Kim H, Shin Y, Shin S, Kim Y, Kim C. Prognostic prediction and preoperative staging of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.15530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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88
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Moon S, Lee JS, Park SK, Lee SY, Kim Y, Kim YI, Shin Y. Factors Affecting Social Distance toward Mental Illness: A Nationwide Telephone Survey in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2008; 41:419-26. [DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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89
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Atchison F, Blau B, Bodek K, van den Brandt B, Bryś T, Daum M, Fierlinger P, Frei A, Geltenbort P, Hautle P, Henneck R, Heule S, Holley A, Kasprzak M, Kirch K, Knecht A, Konter JA, Kuźniak M, Liu CY, Morris CL, Pichlmaier A, Plonka C, Pokotilovski Y, Saunders A, Shin Y, Tortorella D, Wohlmuther M, Young AR, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. Cold neutron energy dependent production of ultracold neutrons in solid deuterium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:262502. [PMID: 18233572 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.262502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A measurement of the production of ultracold neutrons from velocity-selected cold neutrons on gaseous and solid deuterium targets is reported. The expected energy dependence for two-particle collisions with well defined neutron and Maxwell-Boltzmann distributed molecular velocities is found for the gas target. The solid target data agree in shape with the phonon density-of-states curve and provide strong evidence for the phonon model including multiphonon excitations.
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90
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Shin Y, Schunck CH, Schirotzek A, Ketterle W. Tomographic rf spectroscopy of a trapped Fermi gas at unitarity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:090403. [PMID: 17930995 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.090403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present spatially resolved radio-frequency spectroscopy of a trapped Fermi gas with resonant interactions and observe a spectral gap at low temperatures. The spatial distribution of the spectral response of the trapped gas is obtained using in situ phase-contrast imaging and 3D image reconstruction. At the lowest temperature, the homogeneous rf spectrum shows an asymmetric excitation line shape with a peak at 0.48(4)epsilonF with respect to the free atomic line, where epsilonF is the local Fermi energy.
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91
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Park JH, Shin Y, Lee SY, Lee SI. Antihypertensive drug medication adherence and its affecting factors in South Korea. Int J Cardiol 2007; 128:392-8. [PMID: 17643514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Uncontrolled hypertension attributable to low medication adherence may cause such serious complications as cardiovascular disease and stroke. OBJECTIVES To estimate adherence to antihypertensive drug medication of the nation's representative sample in South Korea and to identify factors affecting medication adherence. DATA SOURCES We obtained claims data and qualification data of compulsory from the National Health Insurance, which covers almost all Korean, and identified those who got a prescription of antihypertensives during calendar year 2004. PATIENTS A total of 2,455,193 patients were included as study subjects. Cumulative medication adherence (CMA) was used as an index of medication adherence. Above 80% of CMA was defined as appropriate medication adherence. RESULTS Average CMA in the total of 2,455,193 patients was 81.4%. Appropriate adherence (CMA >or=80%) rate was 54.7% and those whose CMA is below 50% occupied 17.9%. In multiple logistic regression analysis, probability of appropriate medication adherence decreased in female gender, as age decreased, when patients have disability, when patients' residential area were from metropolitan city to city (OR: 0.91-0.92), to rural area (OR: 0.76-0.78), to extreme rural area (OR: 0.72-0.74), prescription days per visit decreased, and the number of prescribing physicians increased. CONCLUSIONS Identifying these factors in a target population or community, followed by developing intervention programs to increase antihypertensive medication adherence is needed. Also, medication adherence rate produced in this study can be used as a national health index and performance indexes of various hypertension control programs.
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the Korean Burden of Disease (KBoD) study, which was the first such study to assess the national burden of disease using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in an advanced Asian country. The KBoD study generally followed the approach utilized in the original Global Burden of Disease study (GBD), with the exception of the disease classification and epidemiological data estimation methods used, and the relative weightings of disabilities. The results of the present study reveal that the burden of disease per 100,000 of the Korean population originates primarily from; cancer (1,525 Person Years, PYs), cardiovascular disease (1,492 PYs), digestive disease (1,140 PYs), diabetes mellitus (990 PYs), and certain neuro-psychiatric conditions (883 PYs). These results are largely consistent with those of developed countries, but also represent uniquely Korean characteristics.
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93
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Schunck CH, Shin Y, Schirotzek A, Zwierlein MW, Ketterle W. Pairing Without Superfluidity: The Ground State of an Imbalanced Fermi Mixture. Science 2007; 316:867-70. [PMID: 17495165 DOI: 10.1126/science.1140749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We used radio-frequency spectroscopy to study pairing in the normal and superfluid phases of a strongly interacting Fermi gas with imbalanced spin populations. At high spin imbalances, the system does not become superfluid even at zero temperature. In this normal phase, full pairing of the minority atoms was observed. Hence, mismatched Fermi surfaces do not prevent pairing but can quench the superfluid state, thus realizing a system of fermion pairs that do not condense even at the lowest temperature.
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94
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Jo GB, Shin Y, Will S, Pasquini TA, Saba M, Ketterle W, Pritchard DE, Vengalattore M, Prentiss M. Long phase coherence time and number squeezing of two Bose-Einstein condensates on an atom chip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:030407. [PMID: 17358668 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We measure the relative phase of two Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a radio frequency induced double-well potential on an atom chip. We observe phase coherence between the separated condensates for times up to approximately 200 ms after splitting, a factor of 10 longer than the phase diffusion time expected for a coherent state for our experimental conditions. The enhanced coherence time is attributed to number squeezing of the initial state by a factor of 10. In addition, we demonstrate a rotationally sensitive (Sagnac) geometry for a guided atom interferometer by propagating the split condensates.
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Park JH, Shin Y, Lee SY, Park JH. Antihypertensive Drug Medication Adherence of People with Disabilities and its Affecting Factors in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2007; 40:249-58. [PMID: 17577081 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to estimate the antihypertensive medication adherence in people with a disability and a history of taking antihypertensive medication, and to identify the factors affecting medication adherence. METHODS The National Health Insurance claims data were linked with the National Disability Registry. People with a disability, who received a prescription of antihypertensives, were identified from a total of 85,098 cases. Cumulative medication adherence (CMA) was used as an indicator of medication adherence. A CMA>80% was defined as appropriate medication adherence. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting medication adherence. RESULTS The average CMA in a total of 85,098 patients was 79.5%. The appropriate adherence (CMA>or=80%) rate was 54.5% and 20.5% of patients had a CMA<50%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the probability of appropriate adherence decreased with decreasing number of prescription days per visit, increasing number of providers, the patients' residential area moving from urban to rural areas, and when patients have an internal organ disability, auditory impairment, mobility impairment. CONCLUSIONS The adherence to antihypertensive medication in people with a disability is influenced by various socio-economic, clinical and regional factors. In particular, the disabled who have locomotive and communication disabilities and internal organ impairments have a higher probability of under-adherence to antihypertensive medication adherence in Korea.
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Park JH, Lee JS, Lee JY, Hong JY, Kim SY, Kim SO, Cho BH, Kim YI, Shin Y, Kim Y. [Factors affecting national health insurance mass screening participation in the disabled]. J Prev Med Public Health 2006; 39:511-9. [PMID: 17168205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the disabled have higher prevalence rates and earlier onsets of chronic diseases than the non-disabled, their participation in mass screening is important for the early detection and intervention of chronic diseases. Nevertheless, in Korea, the disabled have lower participation rates in mass screening services than the non-disabled. The purpose of the study was to find determinants for the participation in the National Health Insurance (NHI) mass screening program among the disabled. METHODS In this study, the NHI mass screening data of 423,076 disabled people, which were identified using the National Disability Registry (2003), were analyzed. Of the factors affecting the participation rates in mass screenings, the following variables were included for the analysis: socioeconomic stati, such as sex, age, category of health insurance program, region and income; disability characteristics, such as disability type, and severity. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the participation rates, disability characteristics variables and demographic variables. RESULTS The participation rate in mass screening of the disabled was 41.3%, but was lower in females, an age of more than 70 years, self-employed and for those with an average monthly insurance premium over 133,500 Won and in metropolitan regions. The participation rate was 1.31 times lower in females than males (95% CI=1.29-1.33); 3.50 times lower in the elderly (more than 70 years) than the younger (95% CI=3.33-3.67); 1.43 times lower in those who live in metropolitan areas (95% CI=1.40-1.46); 2.59 times lower for those in a health insurance program for the self-employed than for employees (95% CI=2.56-2.63); 1.19 times lower for the higher income (more than 133,500) than the lower income group (4,400-22,000) for the average monthly insurance premium (95% CI=1.15-1.23); 2.04 times lower for those with brain palsy and stroke disabilities than with auditory impairments (95% CI= 1.97-2.11) and 3.27 times for those with severe compared to mild disabilities (95% CI=3.15-3.40). CONCLUSIONS The disabled with high severity, and locomotive and communication disabilities have lower participation rates in mass screening services in Korea.
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Eun SJ, Hong JY, Lee JY, Lee JS, Kim Y, Kim YI, Shin Y. [Differences in medical care utilization rates of the disabled and the non-disabled with ambulatory care sensitive conditions]. J Prev Med Public Health 2006; 39:411-8. [PMID: 17076182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine whether the disabled have worse access to primary care than the non-disabled. METHODS We used the National Disability Registry data and the National Health Insurance data for the calendar year 2003, and we analyzed 807,380 disabled persons who had been registered until December 2001 and we also analyzed 1,614,760 non-disabled persons for nine ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs). The rates of physician visits and hospitalizations for the patients with ACSCs were compared between the disabled and the non-disabled. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between medical care utilization and disability and to assess the association between hospitalization and the number of physician visits while controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS The numbers of physician visits per 100 patients were 0.78-0.97 times lower for the disabled than that for the non-disabled with five of nine ACSCs. The numbers of hospitalizations per 100 patients were 1.16-1.77 times higher for the disabled than that for the non-disabled with all the ACSCs. While the ORs of a physician visit for the disabled were significantly lower than that for the non-disabled with all the ACSCs (OR: 0.44-0.70), and the ORs of hospitalization for the disabled were significantly higher (OR: 1.16-1.89). The lower physician visit group (number of physician visits < or =1) was more likely to be hospitalized than the higher physician visit group (number of physician visits > or =2) (OR: 1.69-19.77). The effect of the physician visit rate on hospitalization was larger than the effect of disability on hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the disabled were more likely to be hospitalized for ACSCs due to their lower access to primary care.
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Pasquini TA, Saba M, Jo GB, Shin Y, Ketterle W, Pritchard DE, Savas TA, Mulders N. Low velocity quantum reflection of Bose-Einstein condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:093201. [PMID: 17026359 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.093201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We study how interactions affect the quantum reflection of Bose-Einstein condensates. A patterned silicon surface with a square array of pillars resulted in high reflection probabilities. For incident velocities greater than 2.5 mm/s, our observations agreed with single-particle theory. At velocities below 2.5 mm/s, the measured reflection probability saturated near 60% rather than increasing towards unity as predicted by the accepted theoretical model. We extend the theory of quantum reflection to account for the mean-field interactions of a condensate which suppresses quantum reflection at low velocity. The reflected condensates show collective excitations as recently predicted.
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Shin Y, Zwierlein MW, Schunck CH, Schirotzek A, Ketterle W. Observation of phase separation in a strongly interacting imbalanced fermi gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:030401. [PMID: 16907486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have observed phase separation between the superfluid and the normal component in a strongly interacting Fermi gas with imbalanced spin populations. The in situ distribution of the density difference between two trapped spin components is obtained using phase-contrast imaging and 3D image reconstruction. A shell structure is clearly identified where the superfluid region of equal densities is surrounded by a normal gas of unequal densities. The phase transition induces a dramatic change in the density profiles as excess fermions are expelled from the superfluid.
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Park JH, Yoon SJ, Lee H, Jo HS, Lee SI, Kim Y, Kim YI, Shin Y. Burden of disease attributable to obesity and overweight in Korea. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 30:1661-9. [PMID: 16534516 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the burden of disease attributable to overweight and obesity using disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) in Korea. RESEARCH METHODS Firstly, overweight and obesity-related diseases and their relative risk (RR) were selected by the systematic review. Secondly, population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were computed by using the formula including RR and the prevalence of exposure (Pe) of overweight and obesity. Thirdly, DALYs of overweight and obesity-related diseases in Korea were estimated. Finally, the attributable burden (AB) of diseases due to overweight and obesity was calculated as the sum of the products from multiplying DALYs of overweight and obesity-related diseases by their PAFs. RESULTS The disease burden attributable to overweight was 827.1 person years (PYs) overall, 732.6 for men, 922.9 for women per 100,000 persons. The disease burden attributable to obesity was 260.0 PYs overall, 144.2 for men, 377.3 for women. Diabetes attributable to overweight and obesity accounts for highest burden among other diseases in both genders. The disease burden attributable to overweight was 3.2 times higher than that attributable to obesity. CONCLUSION Most proportion of disease burden attributable to high body mass index (BMI) occurred among those with only moderately raised levels such as overweight, not the extremes such as obesity. It suggests that population-based, public health intervention rather than high-risk group-focused strategies are more effective to reduce the burden of disease attributable to overweight and obesity in Korea.
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