76
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Gu C, Wu Y, Guo H, Zhu Y, Xu W, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Sun Z, Cai X, Li Y, Liu J, Huang Z, Yuan Z, Zhang R, Deng Q, Qu D, Xie Y. Protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in a mouse model expressing human ACE2. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:925-936. [PMID: 33318880 PMCID: PMC7724564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading rapidly worldwide. Efficacious antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. Here, we discovered that protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and verteporfin, two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, completely inhibited the cytopathic effect produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection at 1.25 μmol/L and 0.31 μmol/L, respectively, and their EC50 values of reduction of viral RNA were at nanomolar concentrations. The selectivity indices of PpIX and verteporfin were 952.74 and 368.93, respectively, suggesting a broad margin of safety. Importantly, PpIX and verteporfin prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice adenovirally transduced with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The compounds, sharing a porphyrin ring structure, were shown to bind viral receptor ACE2 and interfere with the interaction between ACE2 and the receptor-binding domain of viral S protein. Our study suggests that PpIX and verteporfin are potent antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection and sheds new light on developing novel chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy against SARS-CoV-2.
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Reales-Calderón JA, Sun Z, Mascaraque V, Pérez-Navarro E, Vialás V, Deutsch EW, Moritz RL, Gil C, Martínez JL, Molero G. A wide-ranging Pseudomonas aeruginosa PeptideAtlas build: A useful proteomic resource for a versatile pathogen. J Proteomics 2021; 239:104192. [PMID: 33757883 PMCID: PMC8668395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic human pathogen with high prevalence in nosocomial infections. This microorganism is a good model for understanding biological processes such as the quorum-sensing response, the metabolic integration of virulence, the mechanisms of global regulation of bacterial physiology, and the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Till now, P. aeruginosa proteomic data, although available in several on-line repositories, were dispersed and difficult to access. In the present work, proteomes of the PAO1 strain grown under different conditions and from diverse cellular compartments have been joined to build the Pseudomonas PeptideAtlas. This resource is a comprehensive mass spectrometry-derived peptide and inferred protein database with 71.3% coverage of the total predicted proteome of P. aeruginosa PAO1, the highest coverage among bacterial PeptideAtlas datasets. The proteins included cover 89% of metabolic proteins, 72% of proteins involved in genetic information processing, 83% of proteins responsible for environmental information processing, more than 88% of the ones related to quorum sensing and biofilm formation, and 89% of proteins responsible for antimicrobial resistance. It exemplifies a necessary tool for targeted proteomics studies, system-wide observations, and cross-species observational studies. The manuscript describes the building of the PeptideAtlas and the contribution of the different proteomic data used. SIGNIFICANCE: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the most versatile human bacterial pathogens. Studies of its proteome are very important as they can reveal virulence factors and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. The construction of a proteomic resource such as the PeptideAtlas enables targeted proteomics studies, system-wide observations, and cross-species observational studies.
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78
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Peng L, Sun J, Sun Z, Gao F, Bonnin X, Liu J. Numerical simulation study of impurity B transport during real-time B powder injection in EAST. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2021.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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79
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Khan S, Sun Z, Pillai R, Dahlberg S, Malhotra J, Keresztes R, Ikpeazu C, Ma P, Ramalingam S. MA01.09 Efficacy and Safety of Glembatumumab Vedotin in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung (PrECOG 0504). J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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80
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Kozono D, Stinchcombe T, Salama J, Bogart J, Petty W, Guarino M, Bazhenova L, Larner J, Weiss J, Dipetrillo T, Feigenberg S, Chen X, Sun Z, Nuthalapati S, Rosenwinkel L, Johnson E, Bach B, Luo Y, Vokes E. P01.23 Veliparib (V) in Combination with Carboplatin/Paclitaxel (C/P)-Based Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in Patients With Stage III NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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81
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Zhu Y, Feng F, Hu G, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhu Y, Xu W, Cai X, Sun Z, Han W, Ye R, Qu D, Ding Q, Huang X, Chen H, Xu W, Xie Y, Cai Q, Yuan Z, Zhang R. A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies host factors that regulate SARS-CoV-2 entry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:961. [PMID: 33574281 PMCID: PMC7878750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 is posing major public health challenges. One feature of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is the insertion of multi-basic residues at the S1/S2 subunit cleavage site. Here, we find that the virus with intact spike (Sfull) preferentially enters cells via fusion at the plasma membrane, whereas a clone (Sdel) with deletion disrupting the multi-basic S1/S2 site utilizes an endosomal entry pathway. Using Sdel as model, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR screen and identify several endosomal entry-specific regulators. Experimental validation of hits from the CRISPR screen shows that host factors regulating the surface expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) affect entry of Sfull virus. Animal-to-animal transmission with the Sdel virus is reduced compared to Sfull in the hamster model. These findings highlight the critical role of the S1/S2 boundary of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in modulating virus entry and transmission and provide insights into entry of coronaviruses.
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82
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Liu Q, Sun Z, Santamarina JC. Self-assembled nanoparticle-coated interfaces: Capillary pressure, shell formation and buckling. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 581:251-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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83
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Sun Z, Wang S, Yang R, Li X, Yang Y, Ma Y, Xu W. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Gynecologic Cancers: Results from a Nationwide Swedish Twin Study. Ann Epidemiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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84
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Meng X, Huang M, Li C, Xu W, Sun Z, Qian Y, Li L, Yuan X, Huang J, Gao X, Li J, Zuo G, Hu J. Corrosion of 304 stainless steel in static liquid lithium under high vacuum. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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85
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Hu HQ, Qiao JT, Liu FQ, Wang JB, Sha S, He Q, Cui C, Song J, Zang N, Wang LS, Sun Z, Chen L, Hou XG. The STING-IRF3 pathway is involved in lipotoxic injury of pancreatic β cells in type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110890. [PMID: 32781250 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipotoxic injury of pancreatic β cells is an important pathological feature in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) can recognize its own DNA leaked into the cytoplasm from damaged mitochondria or nuclei of the host cell, thus activating its downstream factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), causing inflammation and apoptosis. The STING-IRF3 signaling pathway is closely related to glycolipid metabolism, but its relationship with the lipotoxicity of pancreatic β cells has rarely been reported. Here, we investigated the role of the STING-IRF3 signaling pathway in lipotoxicity-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and dysfunction of pancreatic β cells. We examined the activation of STING and IRF3 in islets of db/db mice and identified the role of the STING-IRF3 signaling pathway in palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipotoxic injury of INS-1, a rat insulinoma cell line. STING and phosphorylated IRF3 including downstream interferon-β were upregulated in islets of db/db mice and PA-induced INS-1 cells. Gene silencing of STING or IRF3 ameliorated PA-induced INS-1 cell inflammation and apoptosis, and reversed impaired insulin synthesis. Additionally, PA induced downregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT signaling pathway, and impaired high glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was reversed after knockdown of STING or IRF3. Our results suggest that activation of the STING-IRF3 pathway triggers inflammation and apoptosis of pancreatic β cells, leading to β-cell damage and dysfunction. Hence, inhibition of this signaling pathway may represent a novel approach for β-cell protection in T2DM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/physiology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/physiology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Palmitic Acid/pharmacology
- Palmitic Acid/toxicity
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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86
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Tang Z, Zuo G, Li C, Maingi R, Meng X, Xu W, Sun Z, Qian Y, Huang M, Zhang D, Andruczyk D, Tritz K, Yuan X, Zhang X, Hu J. Lithium splashing from flowing liquid lithium limiter and its effect on high confinement plasma performance in EAST tokamak. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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87
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Chen C, Liu F, Ren Y, Suttner L, Sun Z, Shentu Y, Schmidt EV. Independent drug action and its statistical implications for development of combination therapies. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 98:106126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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88
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Sun Z, Mu Z, Qiu J, Lu W, Qiu J, Jiang W, Shi L. The Influence Of Image Pre-Processing On The Prediction Of Radiation Pneumonitis Using CT-Based Radiomics. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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89
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Maingi R, Hu JS, Sun Z, Diallo A, Tritz K, Qian YZ, Xu W, Zuo GZ, Li CL, Huang M, Ye Y, Bortolon A, Gilson EP, Lunsford R, Mansfield DK, Nagy A, Qian JP, Gong XZ. ELM Suppression by Boron Powder Injection and Comparison with Lithium Powder Injection on EAST. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-020-00256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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90
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Leahy BD, Jang WD, Yang HY, Struyven R, Wei D, Sun Z, Lee KR, Royston C, Cam L, Kalma Y, Azem F, Ben-Yosef D, Pfister H, Needleman D. Automated Measurements of Key Morphological Features of Human Embryos for IVF. MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERVENTION : MICCAI ... INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERVENTION 2020; 12265:25-35. [PMID: 33313603 PMCID: PMC7732604 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59722-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in clinical In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is selecting the highest quality embryo to transfer to the patient in the hopes of achieving a pregnancy. Time-lapse microscopy provides clinicians with a wealth of information for selecting embryos. However, the resulting movies of embryos are currently analyzed manually, which is time consuming and subjective. Here, we automate feature extraction of time-lapse microscopy of human embryos with a machine-learning pipeline of five convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Our pipeline consists of (1) semantic segmentation of the regions of the embryo, (2) regression predictions of fragment severity, (3) classification of the developmental stage, and object instance segmentation of (4) cells and (5) pronuclei. Our approach greatly speeds up the measurement of quantitative, biologically relevant features that may aid in embryo selection.
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91
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Song SJ, Kong QX, Huang CP, Yang XH, Liu MW, Kao QJ, Sun Z, Wang J. Re: ‘Non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies for outbreak of COVID-19 in Hangzhou, China’. Public Health 2020; 186:228-229. [PMID: 32861922 PMCID: PMC7386472 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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92
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Camidge D, Goldman J, Cole G, Sun Z, Ocampo C, Komarnitsky P, Blot V. 1414TiP Evaluating telisotuzumab vedotin in combination with osimertinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A phase I/Ib study cohort. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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93
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Gao X, Wang S, Zeng W, Chen S, Wu J, Lin X, Liu Y, Sun Z, Feng L. Clinical and immunologic features among COVID-19-affected mother-infant pairs: antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 detected in breast milk. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 37:100752. [PMID: 32904990 PMCID: PMC7462625 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains threatening to women and children, but clinical evidence regarding women during pregnancy, puerperium and lactation is limited. We assessed clinical and immunologic features of and breastfeeding advice provided to mother–infant pairs. This observational analysis was conducted in a tertiary-care centre in Wuhan, China. Pregnant patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who delivered during hospitalization were enrolled. Clinical characteristics and serial specimens of the mother–infant pairs were examined, supplemented with follow-ups regarding recovery and breastfeeding. Fourteen pregnant patients had live births and recovered well; four patients continued breastfeeding while taking precautions. No neonatal infections were observed. No infants developed COVID-19 during breastfeeding. Common maternal symptoms were fever (11/14, 78.1%) and cough (6/14, 42.9%). A pregnancy-specific symptom was abnormal foetal movement, which was noticed by three patients (21.4%). The mean virus shedding time was 9 days (standard deviation, 6 days; range, 1–22 days). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome was not detected in breast milk or maternal vaginal secretions. Immunologic assay revealed seroconversion of IgM on day 8 after onset and IgG on day 28. Both IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in breast milk, cord blood and neonatal serum. The study results suggest that passive acquisition of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is available by ingesting breast milk. Breastfeeding has a low risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 or escalating maternal disease, so continuing breastfeeding with prudent precautions is encouraged.
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94
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Li C, Zuo G, Maingi R, Meng X, Xu W, Sun Z, Qian Y, Huang M, Andruczyk D, Tritz K, Hu J. Development of a new TZM substrate flowing liquid lithium limiter for high performance plasma discharge in EAST. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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95
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Sun Z, Cai X, Gu C, Zhang R, Han W, Qian Y, Wang Y, Xu W, Wu Y, Cheng X, Yuan Z, Xie Y, Qu D. Survival of SARS-COV-2 under liquid medium, dry filter paper and acidic conditions. Cell Discov 2020; 6:57. [PMID: 32821426 PMCID: PMC7426817 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-00191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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96
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Sweat YY, Sweat M, Yu W, Sanz-Navarro M, Zhang L, Sun Z, Eliason S, Klein OD, Michon F, Chen Z, Amendt BA. Sox2 Controls Periderm and Rugae Development to Inhibit Oral Adhesions. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1397-1405. [PMID: 32674684 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520939013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, ankyloglossia and cleft palate are common congenital craniofacial anomalies, and these are regulated by a complex gene regulatory network. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of ankyloglossia and cleft palate will be an important step toward rational treatment of these complex anomalies. We inactivated the Sry (sex-determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2) gene in the developing oral epithelium, including the periderm, a transient structure that prevents abnormal oral adhesions during development. This resulted in ankyloglossia and cleft palate with 100% penetrance in embryos examined after embryonic day 14.5. In Sox2 conditional knockout embryos, the oral epithelium failed to differentiate, as demonstrated by the lack of keratin 6, a marker of the periderm. Further examination revealed that the adhesion of the tongue and mandible expressed the epithelial markers E-Cad and P63. The expanded epithelia are Sox9-, Pitx2-, and Tbx1-positive cells, which are markers of the dental epithelium; thus, the dental epithelium contributes to the development of oral adhesions. Furthermore, we found that Sox2 is required for palatal shelf extension, as well as for the formation of palatal rugae, which are signaling centers that regulate palatogenesis. In conclusion, the deletion of Sox2 in oral epithelium disrupts palatal shelf extension, palatal rugae formation, tooth development, and periderm formation. The periderm is required to inhibit oral adhesions and ankyloglossia, which is regulated by Sox2. In addition, oral adhesions occur through an expanded dental epithelial layer that inhibits epithelial invagination and incisor development. This process may contribute to dental anomalies due to ankyloglossia.
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97
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Wang X, Xu W, Hu G, Xia S, Sun Z, Liu Z, Xie Y, Zhang R, Jiang S, Lu L. Retraction Note to: SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:894. [PMID: 32651469 PMCID: PMC7348563 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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98
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Sun Z, Zhang K, Chu H, Kupper T, Park C. 066 In vivo tracking of antigen-specific skin-resident memory CD4+ T cells. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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99
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Huang D, Sun Z, Shen X, Gu Q, Soeberdt M, Abels C, Xu J. 562 Biological evaluation of litchi derived products as dermatological agents. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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100
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Wu Y, Song S, Kao Q, Kong Q, Sun Z, Wang B. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among contacts of individuals with COVID-19 in Hangzhou, China. Public Health 2020; 185:57-59. [PMID: 32563739 PMCID: PMC7290211 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study determined the rate of secondary infection among contacts of individuals with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hangzhou according to the type of contacts, the intensity of contacts, and their relationship with the index patient. Study design This is a retrospective cohort study. Methods The analysis used the data of 2994 contacts of 144 individuals with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The contacts were categorized according to the information source, type of contact, location, intensity of contact, and relationship with the index patient. Results The incidence of infection differed significantly according to contact type. Of the contacts, 186 (6.2%) developed symptoms, and 71 (2.4%) had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The main symptoms were cough and fever. Compared with those who had brief contact with the index case, those who had dined with the index case had 2.6 times higher risk of acquiring infection; those who had shared transport with, had visited, or had contact with the index case in a medical institution had 3.6 times higher risk of acquiring infection; and household contacts had 41.7 times higher risk of acquiring infection. Family members had 31.6 times higher risk of acquiring infection than healthcare providers or other patients exposed to an index case. Conclusions The form and frequency of contact are the main factors affecting the risk of infection among contacts of individuals with COVID-19. Centralized isolation and observation of close contacts of individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, in addition to population-based control measures, can reduce the risk of secondary infections and curb the spread of the infection. The incidence of infection differed significantly according to contact type. Contact form and frequency are important to the risk of COVID-19. Centralized isolation and observation of contacts curbed the spread of the infection.
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