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Liu Y, Wang R, He X, Dai H, Betts RJ, Marionnet C, Bernerd F, Planel E, Wang X, Nocairi H, Cai Z, Qiu J, Ding C. Validation of a predictive method for sunscreen formula evaluation using gene expression analysis in a Chinese reconstructed full-thickness skin model. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:147-155. [PMID: 30719735 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to establish a predictive in vitro method for assessing the photoprotective properties of sunscreens using a reconstructed full-thickness skin model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A full-thickness skin model reconstructed with human fibroblasts and keratinocytes isolated from Chinese skin was exposed to daily UV radiation (DUVR). We examined the transcriptomic response, identifying genes for which expression was modulated by DUVR in a dose-dependent manner. We then validated the methodology for efficacy evaluation of different sunscreens formulas. RESULTS The reconstructed skin model was histologically consistent with human skin, and upon DUVR exposure, the constituent fibroblasts and keratinocytes exhibited transcriptomic alterations in pathways associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and extracellular matrix remodelling. When used to evaluate sunscreen protection on the model, the observed level of protection from UV-induced gene expression was consistent with the corresponding protection factors determined clinically and allowed for statistical ranking of sunscreen efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Within this study we show that quantification of gene modulation within the reconstructed skin model is a biologically relevant approach with sensitivity and predictability to evaluate photoprotection products.
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Gu B, Lam SK, Reis S, van Grinsven H, Ju X, Yan X, Zhou F, Liu H, Cai Z, Galloway JN, Howard C, Sutton MA, Chen D. Toward a Generic Analytical Framework for Sustainable Nitrogen Management: Application for China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1109-1118. [PMID: 30620872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Managing reactive nitrogen (Nr) to achieve a sustainable balance between production of food, feed and fiber, and environmental protection is a grand challenge in the context of an increasingly affluent society. Here, we propose a novel framework for national nitrogen (N) assessments enabling a more consistent comparison of the uses, losses and impacts of Nr between countries, and improvement of Nr management for sustainable development at national and regional scales. This framework includes four key components: national scale N budgets, validation of N fluxes, cost-benefit analysis and Nr management strategies. We identify four critical factors for Nr management to achieve the sustainable development goals: N use efficiency (NUE), Nr recycling ratio (e.g., ratio of livestock excretion applied to cropland), human dietary patterns and food waste ratio. This framework was partly adopted from the European Nitrogen Assessment and now is successfully applied to China, where it contributed to trigger policy interventions toward improvements for future sustainable use of Nr. We demonstrate how other countries can also benefit from the application our framework, in order to include sustainable Nr management under future challenges of growing population, hence contributing to the achievement of some key sustainable development goals (SDGs).
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Cheng Y, Wang J, Chang SX, Cai Z, Müller C, Zhang J. Nitrogen deposition affects both net and gross soil nitrogen transformations in forest ecosystems: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:608-616. [PMID: 30384066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has rapidly increased and is influencing forest ecosystem processes and functions on a global scale. Understanding process-specific N transformations, i.e., gross N transformations, in forest soils in response to N deposition is of great significance to gain mechanistic insights on the linkages between global N deposition and N availability or loss in forest soils. In this paper, we review factors controlling N mineralization, nitrification and N immobilization, particularly in relation to N deposition, discuss the limitations of net N transformation studies, and synthesize the literature on the effect of N deposition on gross N transformations in forest ecosystems. We found that more than 97% of published papers evaluating the effect of N deposition (including N addition experiments that simulate N deposition) on soil N cycle determined net rates of mineralization and nitrification, showing that N deposition significantly increased those rates by 24.9 and 153.9%, respectively. However, studies on net N transformation do not provide a mechanistic understanding of the effect of N deposition on N cycling. To date, a small number of studies (<20 published papers) have directly quantified the effect of N deposition on gross N transformation rates, limiting our understanding of the response of soil N cycling to N deposition. The responses to N deposition of specific N transformation processes such as autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, N mineralization, and N immobilization are poorly studied. Future research needs to use more holistic approaches to study the impact of N deposition on gross N transformation rates, N loss and retention, and their microbial-driven mechanisms to provide a better understanding of the processes involved in N transformations, and to understand the differential responses between forest and other ecosystems.
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Zhang W, Khojasteh M, Hubbard A, Martin J, Wang X, Kamthamraju S, Munoz-Rodriguez J, Jiang D, Cai Z, Li J, Anders R, Diaz L, Pestic-Dragovich L, Tang L. Characterization of PD-L1, CD8, CD3, CD68 and PanCK in tumor microenvironment of Gl tract tumors with respect to patients’ mismatch repair status and anti-PD-1 treatment outcome using 5Plex IHC and whole slide image analysis. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy269.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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80
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Fang Z, Chi Y, Yao Y, Wang S, Huang G, Cai Q, Shang G, Wang G, Qu G, Wu Q, Jiang Y, Song J, Chen J, Zhu X, Cai Z, Bai C, Lu Y, Yu Z, Shen J, Cai J. Evaluation of hypertension and hand-foot syndrome as markers of anlotinib efficacy in advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy299.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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81
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Cai Z, Wanli P, Junli Z, Siying D, Fitsum T, Yin L. Molecular engineering of l-aspartate-α-decarboxylase for improved activity and catalytic stability. N Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.05.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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82
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Yao Y, Chi Y, Fang Z, Wang S, Huang G, Cai Q, Shang G, Wang G, Qu G, Wu Q, Jiang Y, Song J, Chen J, Zhu X, Cai Z, Bai C, Lu Y, Yu Z, Shen J, Cai J. Efficacy of anlotinib in advanced soft tissue sarcoma by prior lines of therapy, age and dose modification. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy299.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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83
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Cai Z, He Y, Chen Y. Role of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Atherosclerosis. Curr Mol Med 2018; 18:216-232. [PMID: 30259816 DOI: 10.2174/1566524018666180926163917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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84
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Machado A, Cai Z, Pellegrino G, Marcotte O, Vincent T, Lina JM, Kobayashi E, Grova C. Optimal positioning of optodes on the scalp for personalized functional near-infrared spectroscopy investigations. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 309:91-108. [PMID: 30107210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of functional Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in neurology is still limited as a good optical coupling and optimized optode coverage of specific brain regions remains challenging, notably for prolonged monitoring. METHODS We propose to evaluate a new procedure allowing accurate investigation of specific brain regions. The procedure consists in: (i) A priori maximization of spatial sensitivity of fNIRS measurements targeting specific brain regions, while reducing the number of applied optodes in order to decrease installation time and improve subject comfort. (ii) Utilization of a 3D neuronavigation device and usage of collodion to glue optodes on the scalp, ensuring good optical contact for prolonged investigations. (iii) Local reconstruction of the hemodynamic activity along the cortical surface using inverse modelling. RESULTS Using realistic simulations, we demonstrated that maps derived from optimal montage acquisitions showed, after reconstruction, spatial resolution only slightly lower to that of ultra high density montages while significantly reducing the number of optodes. The optimal montages provided overall good quantitative accuracy especially at the peak of the spatially reconstructed map. We also evaluated real motor responses in two healthy subjects and obtained reproducible motor responses over different sessions. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We are among the first to propose a mathematical optimization strategy, allowing high sensitivity measurements. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that using personalized optimal montages should allow to conduct accurate fNIRS studies in clinical settings and realistic lifestyle conditions.
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Cai Z, Van Duin RWB, Stam K, Uitterdijk A, Van Der Velden J, Duncker DJ, Merkus D. P248Impaired right ventricular oxygen delivery reserve is associated with reduced RV reserve in post-capillary pulmonary hypertension during exercise. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Zhang G, He M, Xu Y, Li X, Cai Z, Guo Z, Meng P, Ji N, He X, Pang L. Hemoglobin A1c predicts hemorrhagic transformation and poor outcomes after acute anterior stroke. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:1432-e122. [PMID: 29959811 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a major complication of acute ischaemic stroke that is potentially related to clinical deterioration. The objective of this study was to assess whether chronic hyperglycemia is a predictive factor of HT in patients with acute anterior stroke. METHODS Patients with acute anterior stroke were included in this study. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured in the morning after hospitalization. HT was detected by computed tomography scans or gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging performed 4 (±2) days after onset. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the risks for HT and short-term outcomes. RESULTS Of the 426 patients included, 93 (21.8%) had HT: 61 (14.3%) presented with hemorrhagic infarction and 32 (7.5%) presented with parenchymal hematoma. A total of 54 patients received thrombolytic treatment and 18 (33.3%) were found to have HT. In the multivariate analysis, HbA1c [odds ratio (OR), 1.294; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.097-1.528], infarction size (OR, 3.358; 95% CI, 1.748-6.449) and thrombolytic therapy (OR, 3.469; 95% CI, 1.757-6.847) were predictors of HT. The predictive effect of HbA1c on HT was still observed in both groups when patients were stratified according to the levels of fasting blood glucose. HbA1c was found to be a predictor of poor outcomes in the multilogistic regression analysis (OR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.228-1.788). CONCLUSIONS Higher HbA1c was independently related to HT and poor neurological outcomes in patients with ischaemic stroke. These findings have significant implications for the treatment of diabetes and glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus and/or acute ischaemic stroke.
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Yin Y, Cai Z, Zhang B, Shen C. Comparison of different risk classification systems in patients with high risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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88
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Cai Z, Yin Y, Shen C, Zhang B. Comparative effectiveness of preoperative, postoperative and perioperative treatments for resectable gastric cancer: A network meta-analysis for the literature of past 20 years. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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89
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Cai Z, Jiang C, Xiao XF, Zhang YS, Liang L. Lignin-based Biochar/graphene Oxide Composites as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/359/1/012046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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90
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Cai Z, Van Duin RWB, Duncker DIRKJ, Merkus D. P182Importance of Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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91
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Van Duin RWB, Stam K, Cai Z, Duncker DJ, Reiss IK, Merkus D. P180Transition from post- to combined pre-/post-capillary pulmonary hypertension: key role of endothelin. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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92
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Li Y, Chen X, Zhu C, Li J, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Wu H, Ren X. A Key Role of Membrane Trafficking of Nav1.5 Channel Protein in Brugada Syndrome Induced by Antidepressant. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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93
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Wang X, Jia M, Zhang C, Chen S, Cai Z. Leachate treatment in landfills is a significant N 2O source. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 596-597:18-25. [PMID: 28412567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of methane (CH4) emissions from landfills has been extensively documented, while the nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from landfills are considered negligible. In this study, three landfills were selected to measure CH4 and N2O emissions using the static chamber method. Dongbu (DB) and Dongfu (DF) landfills, both located in Xiamen city, Fujian Province, were classified as sanitary. The former started to receive solid waste from Xiamen city in 2009, and the latter was closed in 2009. Nanjing (NJ) landfill, located in Nanjing county, Fujian Province, was classified as managed. Results showed that for the landfill reservoirs, CH4 emissions were significant, while N2O emissions occurred mainly in operating areas (on average, 16.3 and 19.0mgN2Om-2h-1 for DB and NJ landfills, respectively) and made a negligible contribution to the total greenhouse gas emissions in term of CO2 equivalent. However, significant N2O emissions were observed in the leachate treatment systems of sanitary landfills and contributed 72.8% and 45.6% of total emissions in term of CO2 equivalent in DB and DF landfills, respectively. The N2O emission factor (EF) of the leachate treatment systems was in the range of 8.9-11.9% of the removed nitrogen. The total N2O emissions from the leachate treatment systems of landfills in Xiamen city were estimated to be as high as 8.55gN2O-Ncapita-1yr-1. These results indicated that N2O emissions from leachate treatment systems of sanitary landfills were not negligible and should be included in national and/or local inventories of greenhouse gas emissions.
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Damodaran AR, Clarkson JD, Hong Z, Liu H, Yadav AK, Nelson CT, Hsu SL, McCarter MR, Park KD, Kravtsov V, Farhan A, Dong Y, Cai Z, Zhou H, Aguado-Puente P, García-Fernández P, Íñiguez J, Junquera J, Scholl A, Raschke MB, Chen LQ, Fong DD, Ramesh R, Martin LW. Phase coexistence and electric-field control of toroidal order in oxide superlattices. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:1003-1009. [PMID: 28783161 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Systems that exhibit phase competition, order parameter coexistence, and emergent order parameter topologies constitute a major part of modern condensed-matter physics. Here, by applying a range of characterization techniques, and simulations, we observe that in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices all of these effects can be found. By exploring superlattice period-, temperature- and field-dependent evolution of these structures, we observe several new features. First, it is possible to engineer phase coexistence mediated by a first-order phase transition between an emergent, low-temperature vortex phase with electric toroidal order and a high-temperature ferroelectric a1/a2 phase. At room temperature, the coexisting vortex and ferroelectric phases form a mesoscale, fibre-textured hierarchical superstructure. The vortex phase possesses an axial polarization, set by the net polarization of the surrounding ferroelectric domains, such that it possesses a multi-order-parameter state and belongs to a class of gyrotropic electrotoroidal compounds. Finally, application of electric fields to this mixed-phase system permits interconversion between the vortex and the ferroelectric phases concomitant with order-of-magnitude changes in piezoelectric and nonlinear optical responses. Our findings suggest new cross-coupled functionalities.
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Li Y, Cai Z. MON-P060: The Optimal Time of GLP-2 Intervene for Early Intestinal Rehabilitation in a Rat Model of Massive Bowel Resection. Clin Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(17)31023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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96
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Li Y, Cai Z. MON-P061: Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Modulates the Effects of Autophagy on Intestinal Adaption in a Rat Model of Short Bowel Syndrome. Clin Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(17)31022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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97
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Xiao N, Zhang L, Peng X, Zhang J, Cai Z. Nonvascularised fibular bone graft after vascular crisis — a compensate on the failure of vascularised fibular. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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98
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Guo J, Li W, Zheng D, Xie M, Yao H, Cai Z, Jiang Y, Wang Z. 328 Evaluation of Efficacy And Safety For Chinese-Made Three-Piece Inflatable Penile Prosthesis for Erectile Dysfunction F a Study of 124 Cases. J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.11.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guo J, Li W, Xu M, Yao H, Zheng D, Xie M, Cai Z, Jiang Y, Wang Z. 159 Long-Term Results of the Surgical Treatment of Penile Curvature With 16-Dot Plication A Retrospective Analysis of 86 Patients. J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pi ZB, Lin H, He GD, Cai Z, Xu XZ. Randomized and controlled prospective trials of Ultrasound-guided spinal nerve posterior ramus pulsed radiofrequency treatment for lower back post-herpetic neuralgia. LA CLINICA TERAPEUTICA 2016; 166:e301-5. [PMID: 26550813 DOI: 10.7417/t.2015.1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided spinal nerve posterior ramus pulsed radiofrequency treatment for lower back post-herpetic neuralgia. MATERIALS AND METHODS 128 cases of lower back or anterior abdominal wall acute post-herpetic neuralgia patients were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups. Group A: oral treatment only with gabapentin + celecoxib + amitriptyline. Group B: while taking these drugs, patients were treated with radiofrequency (RF) pulses using a portable ultrasound device using the paravertebral puncture technique. In both groups, sudden outbreaks of pain were treated with immediate release 10mg morphine tablets. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for pain score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality and morphine consumption were recorded at different time points, before and after treatment. Treatment efficiency was calculated while the occurrence of complications was documented. RESULTS At each time point after treatment, VAS scores were lower, but scores in the RF group was significantly lower than those of the oral-only group. In terms of sleep quality scores and morphine consumption between the two groups, the RF group was significantly lower than the oral-only group. During the procedure no error occurred with needle penetrating the abdominal cavity, chest, offal or blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound-guided spinal nerve posterior ramus pulsed radiofrequency treatment of lower back or anterior abdominal wall post-herpetic neuralgia proved effective by reducing morphine use in patients and led to fewer adverse reactions.
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