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Abstract
The prevalence of childhood dyslipidemia increases and is considered as an important risk factor for the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the adulthood. To improve dosing accuracy and facilitate the determination of dosing regimens in function of the body weight, the proposed study aims at preparing transdermal niosomal gels of simvastatin as possible transdermal drug delivery system for pediatric applications. Twelve formulations were prepared to screen the influence of formulation and processing variables on critical niosomal characteristics. Nano-sized niosomes with 0.31 μm number-weighted size displayed highest simvastatin release rate with 8.5% entrapment capacity. The niosomal surface coverage by negative charges was calculated according to Langmuir isotherm with n = 0.42 to suggest that the surface association was site-independent, probably producing surface rearrangements. Hypolipidemic activities after transdermal administration of niosomal gels to rats showed significant reduction in cholesterol and triglyceride levels while increasing plasma high-density lipoproteins concentration. Bioavailability estimation in rats revealed an augmentation in simvastatin bioavailability by 3.35 and 2.9 folds from formulation F3 and F10, respectively, compared with oral drug suspension. Hence, this transdermal simvastatin niosomes not only exhibited remarkable potential to enhance its bioavailability and hypolipidemic activity but also considered a promising pediatric antihyperlipidemic formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Zidan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , KSA .,b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Khaled M Hosny
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , KSA .,c Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Beni Suef University , Beni Suef , Egypt , and
| | - Osama A A Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , KSA .,d Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Minia University , Minia , Egypt
| | - Usama A Fahmy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , KSA
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152
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Patel J, Ketkar S, Patil S, Fearnley J, Mahadik KR, Paradkar AR. Potentiating antimicrobial efficacy of propolis through niosomal-based system for administration. Integr Med Res 2014; 4:94-101. [PMID: 28664114 PMCID: PMC5481798 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Propolis is a multicomponent active, complex resinous substance collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from a variety of plant sources. This study was designed to improve the antimicrobial efficacy of propolis by engineering a niosomal-based system for topical application. Methods Propolis was extracted in ethanol and screened for total polyphenol content. Propolis-loaded niosomes (PLNs) were prepared with varying concentrations of Span 60 and cholesterol. The PLNs were evaluated for physicochemical parameters, namely, vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, surface topography and shape, and stability, followed by screening for in vitro antimicrobial activity. The PLNs were formulated into propolis niosomal gel (PNG) using Carbopol P934 base and subjected to ex vivo skin deposition study. Results The ethanolic extract of propolis had high polyphenolic content (270 ± 9.2 mg GAE/g). The prepared PLNs showed vesicle size between 294 nm and 427 nm, and the percent entrapment in the range of 50.62–71.29% with a significant enhancement in antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Enhanced antimicrobial activity of PLNs was attributed to the ability of niosomes to directly interact with the bacterial cell envelop thereby facilitating the diffusion of propolis constituents across the cell wall. The formulated PNG exhibited a twofold better skin deposition due to improved retention of niosomes in the skin. Conclusion The findings indicate that the engineering of a niosomal-based system for propolis enhanced its antimicrobial potential through topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Patel
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Erandwane, India
| | - Sameer Ketkar
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Erandwane, India
| | - Sharvil Patil
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Erandwane, India
| | | | - Kakasaheb R. Mahadik
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Erandwane, India
- Corresponding authors. Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411 038, India.
| | - Anant R. Paradkar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Corresponding authors. Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411 038, India.
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153
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Song Q, Li D, Zhou Y, Yang J, Yang W, Zhou G, Wen J. Enhanced uptake and transport of (+)-catechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in niosomal formulation by human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2157-65. [PMID: 24855353 PMCID: PMC4020900 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate (+)-catechin and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) cellular uptake and transport across human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer in both the absence and presence of niosomal carrier in variable conditions. The effect of free drugs and drug-loaded niosomes on the growth of Caco-2 cells was studied. The effects of time, temperature, and concentration on drug cellular uptake in the absence or presence of its niosomal delivery systems were investigated. The intestinal epithelial membrane transport of the drug-loaded niosomes was examined using the monolayer of the human Caco-2 cells. The kinetics of transport, and the effect of temperature, adenosine triphosphate inhibitor, permeability glycoprotein inhibitor, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 inhibitor, and the absorption enhancer on transport mechanism were investigated. It was found that the uptake of catechin, EGCG, and their niosomes by Caco-2 cells was 1.22±0.16, 0.90±0.14, 3.25±0.37, and 1.92±0.22 μg/mg protein, respectively (n=3). The apparent permeability coefficient values of catechin, EGCG, and their niosomes were 1.68±0.16, 0.88±0.09, 2.39±0.31, and 1.42±0.24 cm/second (n=3) at 37°C, respectively. The transport was temperature- and energy-dependent. The inhibitors of permeability glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and the absorption enhancer significantly enhanced the uptake amount. Compared with the free drugs, niosomal formulation significantly enhanced drug absorption. Additionally, drug-loaded niosomes exhibited stronger stability and lower toxicity. These findings showed that the oral absorption of tea flavonoids could be improved by using the novel drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Danhui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yongzhi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Marianecci C, Rinaldi F, Di Marzio L, Mastriota M, Pieretti S, Celia C, Paolino D, Iannone M, Fresta M, Carafa M. Ammonium glycyrrhizinate-loaded niosomes as a potential nanotherapeutic system for anti-inflammatory activity in murine models. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:635-51. [PMID: 24493924 PMCID: PMC3908944 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s55066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquorice extracts demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in treating dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis when compared with corticosteroids. In this work, nonionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes, NSVs) containing polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), cholesterol, and cholesteryl hemisuccinate at different molar concentrations were used to prepare monoammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG)-loaded NSVs. The anti-inflammatory properties of AG-loaded NSVs were investigated in murine models. METHODS The physicochemical properties of the NSVs were characterized using dynamic light scattering. The fluidity of the lipid bilayer was evaluated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of diphenylhexatriene. The drug entrapment efficiency of AG was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The physicochemical stability of the NSVs was evaluated as a function of time using dynamic light scattering combined with Turbiscan Lab Expert analysis. Serum stability was determined by incubating the NSVs with 10% v/v fetal bovine serum. The cytotoxic effects of the NSVs were investigated in human dermal fibroblasts using the Trypan blue dye exclusion assay (for cell mortality) and an MTT assay (for cell viability). Release profiles for the AG-loaded NSVs were studied in vitro using cellulose membranes. NSVs showing the most desirable physicochemical properties were selected to test for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in murine models. The anti-inflammatory activity of the NSVs was investigated by measuring edema and nociception in mice stimulated with chemical agents. RESULTS NSVs showed favorable physicochemical properties for in vitro and in vivo administration. In addition, they demonstrated long-term stability based on Turbiscan Lab Expert analysis. The membrane fluidity of the NSVs was not affected by self-assembling of the surfactants into colloidal structures. Fluorescence anisotropy was found to be independent of the molar ratios of cholesteryl hemisuccinate and/or cholesterol during preparation of the NSVs. The anti-inflammatory AG drug showed no effect on the stability of the NSVs. In vivo experiments demonstrated that AG-loaded NSVs decreased edema and nociceptive responses when compared with AG alone and empty NSVs. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that pH sensitive and neutral NSVs show no statistical significant difference. CONCLUSION NSVs were nontoxic and showed features favorable for potential administration in vivo. In addition, neutral NSVs showed signs of increased anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive responses when compared with AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Marianecci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rinaldi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University G d’Annunzio of Chieti of Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marica Mastriota
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University G d’Annunzio of Chieti of Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, University Campus S Venuta, Building of BioSciences, Germaneto, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Iannone
- ARPA Calabria, Environmental Epidemiology Center, Italy
- CNR, Neuroscience Institute, Pharmacology Section, Complesso “Nini Barbieri”, Roccelletta di Borgia, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, University Campus S Venuta, Building of BioSciences, Germaneto, Italy
| | - Maria Carafa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
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155
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Bansal S, Aggarwal G, Chandel P, Harikumar SL. Design and development of cefdinir niosomes for oral delivery. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2013; 5:318-25. [PMID: 24302841 PMCID: PMC3831746 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.120080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to develop nonionic surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) to improve poor and variable oral bioavailability of cefdinir. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cefdinir niosomes were formulated by sonication method using varying concentration of surfactant (span 60), with and without soya lecithin, but the cholesterol ratio was kept constant in all the formulations. The influence of formulation variables such as surfactant concentration, soya lecithin presence or absence were optimized for size and entrapment efficiency. Drug excipient interaction studies were performed using FTIR, indicating compatibility of excipients with drug. RESULTS The highest entrapment efficiency (74.56%) was observed when span 60, cefdinir, cholesterol and soya lecithin were used in the ratio of 5:1:1:1. The zeta sizer of the niosomal formulations showed the size range between 190 nm-1140 nm. The photomicrography showed round shape of vesicles and further nano size of niosomes was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The optimized niosomal formulations (F11 and F6) exhibited sustained in-vitro release of 94.91% and 94.07% respectively upto 12 h. The ex-vivo permeation studies of optimized formulation revealed that the niosomal dispersion improved cefdinir permeability across goat intestinal membrane as compared to plain drug solution and marketed suspension (Adcef®). Antimicrobial activity studies revealed that the niosomes potentiated bacteriostatic activity of cefdinir as compared to Adcef®. CONCLUSION The niosomal formulation could be one of the promising delivery system for cefdinir with improved oral bioavailability and controlled drug release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rayat and Bahra Institute of Pharmacy, Sahauran, Mohali, Punjab, India
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156
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Goyal G, Garg T, Malik B, Chauhan G, Rath G, Goyal AK. Development and characterization of niosomal gel for topical delivery of benzoyl peroxide. Drug Deliv 2013; 22:1027-1042. [PMID: 24251352 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.855277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is generally considered as first line treatment against acne. Low water solubility and formation of larger clusters and limited skin permeation upon topical application necessitates the application of high amount of drug for desired action which leads to induction of skin irritation. In the present study, we developed BPO-loaded niosomal formulation to improve its permeation through skin. The niosomes were further loaded in the carbopol gel to improve contact time. The results of the skin permeation study, skin retention study revealed that niosomes can effectively improve the drug permeation through skin. Application of niosomal gel significantly reduced the bacterial load after a treatment of four days. This reduction in bacterial load was further resulted in a significant reduction in the inflammation with minimal skin irritation compared with plain drug and the plain niosomal formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Goyal
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga , Punjab Technical University , Jalandhar , Punjab , India
| | - Tarun Garg
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga , Punjab Technical University , Jalandhar , Punjab , India
| | - Basant Malik
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga , Punjab Technical University , Jalandhar , Punjab , India
| | - Gaurav Chauhan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga , Punjab Technical University , Jalandhar , Punjab , India
| | - Goutam Rath
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga , Punjab Technical University , Jalandhar , Punjab , India
| | - Amit K Goyal
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga , Punjab Technical University , Jalandhar , Punjab , India
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157
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Turker S, Ozer AY, Kiliç E, Ozalp M, Colak S, Korkmaz M. Gamma-irradiated liposome/noisome and lipogelosome/niogelosome formulations for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Interv Med Appl Sci 2013; 5:60-9. [PMID: 24265892 DOI: 10.1556/imas.5.2013.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by intraarticular administration of anti-inflammatory drugs encapsulated in drug delivery systems, such as liposomes/niosomes and lipogelosomes/niogelosomes, prolongs the residence time of the drugs in the joint. It was therefore anticipated that liposome/niosome entrapment would enhance the efficacy of drugs in the inflammatory sides. Liposomes are good candidates for the local delivery of therapeutic agents, such as diclofenac sodium (DFNa), for intraarticular delivery. Drugs for parenteral delivery must be sterile, and radiation sterilization is a method recognized by pharmacopoeias to achieve sterility of drugs. However, irradiation might also affect the performance of drug delivery systems. One of the most critical points is irradiation dose, because certain undesirable chemical and physical changes may accompany with the treatment, especially with the traditionally applied dose of 25 kGy. The present study aims to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on DFNa-loaded liposomes/niosomes and lipogelosomes/niogelosomes for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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158
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Abstract
PURPOSE Niosomes play an increasingly important role in drug delivery as they can reduce toxicity and modify pharmacokinetic and bio-availability. Topically applied niosomes can increase the residence time of drugs in the stratum corneum and epidermis, while reducing the systemic absorption of the drug. It can act as drug containing reservoirs and the modification of the vesicular compositions or surface properties can adjust the drug release rate and the affinity for the target site. Ketoconazole is a broad spectrum Imidazole derivative useful in the treatment of superficial and systemic fungal infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to improve the low skin penetration and to minimize the side effects associated with topical conventional drug administration, Ketoconazole niosomes were prepared by a thin film hydration method using different ratios of non-ionic surfactants (Span 40, 60 and Tween 60) along with cholesterol (CHO). The formulations were evaluated for size, shape, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. RESULTS Niosomes appeared spherical in shape and size range was found to be 4.86 ± 1.24-7.38 ± 3.64 μm. The entrapment efficiency was found in the range of 55.14 ± 2.29-78.63 ± 0.91% and in vitro drug release in the range of 46.63 ± 0.95-72.37 ± 0.59% in 24 h. Ketoconazole niosomes formulated with Span 60 and CHO in the ratio of 1:0.2 were found to be promising and were incorporated into 1% Carbopol gel. The formulated gel was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters and antifungal activity. The in vitro drug release study was carried out using phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 and was found to be 36.18 ± 1.50% in 12 h. CONCLUSION Gel formulation containing niosomes loaded with Ketoconazole showed prolonged action than formulations containing Ketoconazole in non-niosomal form and it can be developed successfully to improve the antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sb Shirsand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, H.K.E. Society's College of Pharmacy, Gulbarga, India
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159
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Abstract
Oral vaccines offer significant benefits due to the ease of administration, better patient compliance and non-invasive, needle-free administration. However, this route is marred by the harsh gastro intestinal environment which is detrimental to many vaccine formats. To address this, a range of delivery systems have been considered including bilosomes; these are bilayer vesicles constructed from non-ionic surfactants combined with the inclusion of bile salts which can stabilize the vesicles in the gastro intestinal tract by preventing membrane destabilization. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of formulation parameters on bilosome carriers using Design of Experiments to select an appropriate formulation to assess in vivo. Bilosomes were constructed from monopalmitoylglycerol, cholesterol, dicetyl phosphate and sodium deoxycholate at different blends ratios. The optimized bilosome formulation was identified and the potential of this formulation as an oral vaccine delivery system were assessed in biodistribution and vaccine efficacy studies. Results showed that the larger bilosomes vesicles (~6 µm versus 2 µm in diameter) increased uptake within the Peyer's patches and were able to reduce median temperature differential change and promote a reduction in viral cell load in an influenza challenge study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitinder S Wilkhu
- a School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University , Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah E McNeil
- a School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University , Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Yvonne Perrie
- a School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University , Birmingham, UK
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160
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Abstract
Proniosomes are dry formulation of water soluble carrier particles that are coated with surfactant. They are rehydrated to form niosomal dispersion immediately before use on agitation in hot aqueous media within minutes. Proniosomes are physically stable during the storage and transport. Drug encapsulated in the vesicular structure of proniosomes prolong the existence of drug in the systematic circulation and enhances the penetration into target tissue and reduce toxicity. From a technical point of view, niosomes are promising drug carriers as they possess greater chemical stability and lack of many disadvantages associated with liposomes, such as high- cost and variable purity problems of phospholipids. The present review emphasizes on overall methods of preparation characterization and applicability of proniosomes in targeted drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. V. Radha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Institute of Pharmacy, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - T. Sudha Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Institute of Pharmacy, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B. Sarvani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Institute of Pharmacy, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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161
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Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to develop an optimal niosomal system to deliver Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) with improved oral bioavailability and to replace the conventional GbE tablets. Methods In this study, the film dispersion-homogenization method was used to prepare GbE niosomes. The resulting GbE niosome suspension was freeze-dried or spray-dried to improve the stability of the niosomes. GbE-loaded niosomes were formulated and characterized in terms of their morphology, particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and angle of repose, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis was performed. In vitro release and in vivo distribution studies were also carried out. Results The particle size of the optimal delivery system prepared with Tween 80, Span 80, and cholesterol was about 141 nm. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in drug entrapment efficiency between the spray-drying method (about 77.5%) and the freeze-drying method (about 50.1%). The stability study revealed no significant change in drug entrapment efficiency for the GbE niosomes at 4°C and 25°C after 3 months. The in vitro release study suggested that GbE niosomes can prolong the release of flavonoid glycosides in phosphate-buffered solution (pH 6.8) for up to 48 hours. The in vivo distribution study showed that the flavonoid glycoside content in the heart, lung, kidney, brain, and blood of rats treated with the GbE niosome carrier system was greater than in the rats treated with the oral GbE tablet (P < 0.01). No flavonoid glycosides were detected in the brain tissue of rats given the oral GbE tablets, but they were detected in the brain tissue of rats given the GbE niosomes. Conclusion Niosomes are a promising oral system for delivery of GbE to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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162
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Manosroi A, Chutoprapat R, Abe M, Manosroi W, Manosroi J. Transdermal absorption enhancement of rice bran bioactive compounds entrapped in niosomes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:323-35. [PMID: 22258804 PMCID: PMC3299446 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Niosomes composed of Tween 61 and cholesterol at 1:1 molar ratio were entrapped with the mixture of the three semi-purified rice (Oryza sativa L., Family Gramineae) bran bioactive compounds [ferulic acid (F), γ-oryzanol (O), and phytic acid (P)] at 0.5%, 1.5%, and 1.5%, respectively, by the supercritical CO(2) technique. The transdermal absorption by vertical Franz diffusion cells of the compounds entrapped in niosomes (Nio FOP), the unentrapped compounds (Mixed FOP), the compounds incorporated in gel and cream (Gel FOP and Cream FOP), and the compounds entrapped in niosomes and incorporated in gel and cream (Gel nio and Cream nio) was investigated. At 6 h, F and P from Nio FOP gave lower cumulative amount in viable epidermis and dermis (VED) than from Mixed FOP of 1.1 and 1.6 times, respectively, while O from Nio FOP exhibited higher cumulative amount in VED than from Mixed FOP of 2.4 times. The highest cumulative amount in VED of F, O, and P were from Gel nio, Cream nio, and Mixed FOP at 1.564 ± 0.052, 15.972 ± 0.273, and 25.857 ± 0.025 ng/cm(2), respectively. Niosomes enhanced the transdermal absorption of the hydrophobic compound O, while retarded the hydrophilic compounds F and P indicating the less systemic risk of F and P than O when entrapped in niosomes. Thus, transdermal absorption of F, O, and P appeared to depend on niosomal size, lipophilicity of the bioactive compounds, and types of formulations. These preclinical results can be applied for the design of the clinical study of the developed rice bran niosomal topical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranya Manosroi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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163
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Abstract
Over the past several years, treatment of infectious diseases and immunisation has undergone a revolutionary shift. With the advancement of biotechnology and genetic engineering, not only a large number of disease-specific biological have been developed, but also emphasis has been made to effectively deliver these biologicals. Niosomes are vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants, which are biodegradable, relatively nontoxic, more stable and inexpensive, an alternative to liposomes. This article reviews the current deepening and widening of interest of niosomes in many scientific disciplines and, particularly its application in medicine. This article also presents an overview of the techniques of preparation of niosome, types of niosomes, characterisation and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Masud Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Asim Sattwa Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Nikhil Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Guha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sugata Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Mamata Behera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ketousetuo Kuotsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700 032, West Bengal, India
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164
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Solanki AB, Parikh JR, Parikh RH. Formation of acylated growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 by poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and its biological activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:Article 43. [PMID: 17622118 PMCID: PMC2750672 DOI: 10.1208/pt0802043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the formation of acylated impurity resulting from a chemical reaction between the growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and the effect of peptide acylation on the in vivo biological activity of GHRP-6. The peptide acylation pattern of GHRP-6 by hydrophilic PLGA polymers with different molecular weights was characterized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Higher levels of acylated GHRP-6 were produced with the higher molecular weight PLGA, which might be due to the slower degradation rate of the polymer. The evaluation of the biological activity in rats showed that the acylated GHRP-6 had a much lower activity than the intact GHRP-6. This finding suggests that the acylation reaction would decrease the effectiveness of the GHRP-6 formulation such as PLGA microspheres. Therefore, a strategy for stabilizing the GHRP-6 will be necessary for the development of a successful formulation of PLGA microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay B. Solanki
- />Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, A. R. College of Pharmacy & G. H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, PO Box 19, 388 120 Gujarat, India
| | - Jolly R. Parikh
- />Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, A. R. College of Pharmacy & G. H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, PO Box 19, 388 120 Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh H. Parikh
- />Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Education Campus, Changa, 388421 Gujarat, India
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Mukherjee B, Patra B, Layek B, Mukherjee A. Sustained release of acyclovir from nano-liposomes and nano- niosomes: an in vitro study. Int J Nanomedicine 2007; 2:213-25. [PMID: 17722549 PMCID: PMC2673966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to develop and compare acyclovir containing nano-vesicular liposomes and niosomes based on cholesterol, soya L-alpha-lecithin and nonionic surfactant, span 20. The effort was made to study in vitro whether acyclovir-loaded nanovesicles could sustain the release of the drug by increasing residence time and thus, acyclovir could reduce its dose-related systemic toxicity. There were good vesicular distributions in both of the niosomes and the liposomes. The obtained vesicles were within 1 microm and about 35% of them were within a size of 100 nm. The percentage of drug loading varied and the niosomal vesicles contained more drug as compared with the liposomes. When the in vitro drug release was compared, it was found that the liposomes released about 90% drug in 150 min whereas the drug release was just 50% from the niosomal vesicles in 200 min. Again, the niosomes showed better stability compared with the liposomes. Thus, niosome could be a better choice for intravenous delivery of acyclovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
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166
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Abstract
Niosomes are nonionic surfactant vesicles that have potential applications in the delivery of hydrophobic or amphiphilic drugs. Our lab developed proniosomes, a dry formulation using a sorbitol carrier coated with nonionic surfactant, which can be used to produce niosomes within minutes by the addition of hot water followed by agitation. The sorbitol carrier in the original proniosomes was soluble in the solvent used to deposit surfactant, so preparation was tedious and the dissolved sorbitol interfered with the encapsulation of one model drug. A novel method is reported here for rapid preparation of proniosomes with a wide range of surfactant loading. A slurry method has been developed to produce proniosomes using maltodextrin as the carrier. The time required to produce proniosomes by this simple method is independent of the ratio of surfactant solution to carrier material and appears to be scalable. The flexibility of the proniosome preparation method would allow for the optimization of drug encapsulation in the final formulation based on the type and amount of maltodextrin. This formulation of proniosomes is a practical and simple method of producing niosomes at the point of use for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almira I. Blazek-Welsh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 06269-2092 Storrs, CT
| | - David G. Rhodes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 06269-2092 Storrs, CT
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