76
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Adams RR, Jones DR. The healthy motivation to fly: no psychiatric diagnosis. AVIATION, SPACE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 1987; 58:350-4. [PMID: 3579824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aircrew mission effectiveness may uniquely be influenced by subtle psychological factors not ordinarily brought to the attention of psychiatrists. Pilots tend to be bright, articulate, and anxious to resume their aviation duties when grounded. However, these patients are usually well defended, and rarely psychologically attuned or introspective. Greater insight into what constitutes the normal, healthy motivation to fly will help those who make judgments regarding the return of grounded aviators to flying duty. A review of associated birth order, personality theory, industrial and business psychology, aerospace, and psychoanalytic literature is presented. Highlighted are the difficulties inherent in examining the motivation of a healthy, well-defended population. Our conclusion: an examiner's countertransferential feelings are the best available tool for measurement of healthy motivation.
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77
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Kulagin BV. [Methodological bases for the psychological job selection of military specialists]. VOENNO-MEDITSINSKII ZHURNAL 1986:13-6. [PMID: 3798780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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78
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Solomon Z, Benbenishty R. The role of proximity, immediacy, and expectancy in frontline treatment of combat stress reaction among Israelis in the Lebanon War. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143:613-7. [PMID: 3963249 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.143.5.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The authors examined the effectiveness of the prevailing treatment doctrine stressing the principles of proximity, immediacy, and expectancy for combat stress reaction among Israeli soldiers in the Lebanon War. Two treatment outcomes were measured: return to military unit and presence of posttraumatic stress disorder. All three treatment principles were associated with a higher rate of return to the military unit. The beneficial effect of frontline treatment was also evidenced by lower rates of posttraumatic stress disorder. The authors suggest that these principles can also be effective in treating other forms of posttraumatic stress disorder.
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79
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Sparvieri F. [Aerospace psychology with notes on psychopathology. 1]. RIVISTA DI MEDICINA AERONAUTICA E SPAZIALE 1985; 52:157-94. [PMID: 3880033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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80
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Kantor JE, Bordelon VP. The USAF pilot selection and classification research program. AVIATION, SPACE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 1985; 56:258-61. [PMID: 3985908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A multi-year research program to improve the selection of pilot trainees and the classification of student pilots for either fighter or heavy aircraft training is described. A battery of experimental tests measuring psychomotor skills, personality traits, and cognitive abilities is being given via computer prior to training. The subjects' performance in training and operational flying is then tracked and analyzed. The preliminary results and future directions of this ongoing program are discussed.
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81
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Armon C, Hadas N, Revach M. Medicine in the basic combat training period (recruits medicine) II: Health services organization and personnel. Mil Med 1984; 149:588-94. [PMID: 6438548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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82
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Armon C, Hadas N, Revach M. Medicine in the basic combat training period (recruits medicine) I: The approach to the recruit. Mil Med 1984; 149:579-87. [PMID: 6438547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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83
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Armon C, Hadas N, Revach M. Medicine in the basic combat training period (recruits medicine) III: Objectives and means. Mil Med 1984; 149:595-600. [PMID: 6438549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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84
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Armon C, Hadas N, Dovrat M, Revach M. Medicine in the basic combat training period (recruits medicine) IV: A controlled health delivery system. Mil Med 1984; 149:601-15. [PMID: 6438550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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85
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Reshetnikov MM. [Significance of psychological set to information processing in choice of occupation]. VOENNO-MEDITSINSKII ZHURNAL 1984:38-40. [PMID: 6474891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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86
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87
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Haslam DR. The military performance of soldiers in sustained operations. AVIATION, SPACE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 1984; 55:216-21. [PMID: 6721809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Two 9-d tactical defensive exercises were carried out. The first assessed and compared the performance of three platoons of infantry scheduled for either 0, 1.5, or 3 h of sleep in every 24 h, and the second determined whether soldiers are likely to remain militarily effective during a period of partial sleep loss following a period with no scheduled sleep at all. To this end, 10 infantry soldiers were scheduled for 4 h of sleep in every 24 for a 6-d period following a 3.75-d period without any scheduled sleep. Performance, physical fitness, and mood were assessed throughout both exercises. Results indicated that the effects of sleep loss are psychological rather than physiological; soldiers are likely to be militarily ineffective after 48-72 h without sleep; and a small amount of recovery sleep relative to the amount lost has very beneficial effects.
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88
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Doutheau C. [Prevention and reduction of panic in the military milieu]. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 1984; 142:241-7. [PMID: 6465729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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89
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Galle-Tessonneau JR, Hadni JC. [The pilot and death]. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 1984; 142:236-40. [PMID: 6465728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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90
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Abstract
The present work examines the effectiveness of United States military policies in excluding homosexual men and women from the armed forces by comparing percentages of homosexuals who have served in the armed forces with matched samples of heterosexuals. Interview data on 1,456 respondents from 1969 and 1970 are reported. The data show that homosexual and heterosexual men seem equally likely to have served in the military, while lesbians were more likely than heterosexual women to have served. The data also indicate that the policies of excluding homosexuals from the services are ineffective. The explanation for this may be that many homosexuals may not be aware of their homosexuality at time of entry into the service, and, hence, cannot readily be identified either by themselves or others. It is also suggested that certain draft criteria have in fact increased the percentages of homosexuals serving in the military.
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91
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Jones DR. Psychiatric assessment of female fliers at the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM). AVIATION, SPACE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 1983; 54:929-31. [PMID: 6651717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There were 17 female fliers referred for evaluation to the Neuropsychiatry Branch, Clinical Sciences Division, of the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX, between October 1976 and September 1982: five primarily for emotional reasons; seven primarily for somatic disorders and only secondarily for emotional symptoms; two for entry to the Airsickness Rehabilitation/Treatment protocol; and three for routine evaluation in preparation for possible future space flight. This number is too small for any sort of statistical analysis, but one emerging theme has clinical importance. A significant number of male fliers tend to see these female fliers in stereotyped roles--mother, potential sexual partner, little sister, daughter--and then respond to the assigned role rather than to a real person. Whether a woman accepts this projected role as egosyntonic or rejects it as egosyntonic, its existence may affect her real-life role. For example, one woman pilot reported that her instructors seemed to make allowances for her sex by expecting less of her than they did of her male colleagues, "carrying" her along as if she were a little sister. While such role-casting may be carried on subconsciously, its behavioral manifestations are real and may have the potential for affecting flight safety. This study represents an initial approach to the data in this area, and is intended to alert flight surgeons to the implications of such role-casting in the flight environment.
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92
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Abstract
Specific stress reactions have been observed in health care providers involved in disaster relief and mass casualty care. To determine whether similar stress reactions occurred in mass casualty simulations, we observed the participants in five large military mass casualty simulations. Using a framework of specific questions, descriptive data were obtained using direct observation and discussion with participants by faculty present to evaluate the exercise. Observations revealed that stress reactions occurred consistently during these mass casualty simulations, and these reactions resembled those seen in health care workers involved in actual mass casualty care. Application of this information to disaster medicine training for emergency physicians is discussed.
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93
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Howe HM. Children of the military. New support to families improves their lives. CHILDREN TODAY 1983; 12:12-4, 37. [PMID: 6884112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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94
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Howe HM. History of institutionalized family support efforts. CHILDREN TODAY 1983; 12:15-6. [PMID: 6884113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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95
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Kudrin ID, D'iakonov IF, Kulagin BV. [Occupational psychological selection of servicemen]. VOENNO-MEDITSINSKII ZHURNAL 1983:46-7. [PMID: 6880091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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96
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Willi J. Higher incidence of physical and mental ailments in future psychiatrists as compared with future surgeons and internal medical specialists at military conscription. SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY. SOZIALPSYCHIATRIE. PSYCHIATRIE SOCIALE 1983; 18:69-72. [PMID: 6867817 DOI: 10.1007/bf00583990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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97
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Petrović B. [Clinical picture and possibilities of treating air flight phobia]. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 1982; 39:438-40. [PMID: 7164360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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98
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Lobzin VS, Bochenkov AA, Lozinskiĭ VS, Reshetnikov MM, Kosovskaia NS. [Effect of autogenic training on the success of the flight instruction of cadets]. VOENNO-MEDITSINSKII ZHURNAL 1982:42-4. [PMID: 7179798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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99
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Zivotić-Vanović M, Dimitrijević B, Ivosević D, Pajević D, Nesić L. [Adaptation reaction of the body in an experimental model of march training]. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 1982; 39:311-3. [PMID: 7147795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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100
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