1126
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Zhao XG, Zheng Y, Chan QCC, Yang XF, Li G, Yang ES. Biopsy needle as MRE driver for tumor detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 2007:2050-2. [PMID: 18002389 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) is a phase contrast imaging technique to quantitatively measure the elasticity of tissues. Typically, an oscillating driver is placed on the surface to generate the shear waves. The depth penetration of the wave is limited by attenuation and the biopsy procedure has to be done separately. In this study, we use a biopsy needle as the driver to detect the 15% porcine gel inclusion in a 10% porcine gel phantom which simulates a tumor in tissues. We also perform the experiment with the biopsy needle for in-vivo tumor detection in rabbits. It is shown that the biopsy needle driver can accurately measure the stiffness and location of the tumor.
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1127
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Ablikim M, Bai JZ, Ban Y, Cai X, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chen HX, Chen JC, Chen J, Chen YB, Chu YP, Dai YS, Diao LY, Deng ZY, Dong QF, Du SX, Fang J, Fang SS, Fu CD, Gao CS, Gao YN, Gu SD, Gu YT, Guo YN, Guo ZJ, Harris FA, He KL, He M, Heng YK, Hou J, Hu HM, Hu JH, Hu T, Huang GS, Huang XT, Ji XB, Jiang XS, Jiang XY, Jiao JB, Jin DP, Jin S, Lai YF, Li G, Li HB, Li J, Li RY, Li SM, Li WD, Li WG, Li XL, Li XN, Li XQ, Liang YF, Liao HB, Liu BJ, Liu CX, Liu F, Liu F, Liu HH, Liu HM, Liu J, Liu JB, Liu JP, Liu J, Liu Q, Liu RG, Liu ZA, Lou YC, Lu F, Lu GR, Lu JG, Luo CL, Ma FC, Ma HL, Ma LL, Ma QM, Mao ZP, Mo XH, Nie J, Olsen SL, Ping RG, Qi ND, Qin H, Qiu JF, Ren ZY, Rong G, Ruan XD, Shan LY, Shang L, Shen CP, Shen DL, Shen XY, Sheng HY, Sun HS, Sun SS, Sun YZ, Sun ZJ, Tang X, Tong GL, Varner GS, Wang DY, Wang L, Wang LL, Wang LS, Wang M, Wang P, Wang PL, Wang WF, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang ZY, Wang Z, Wei CL, Wei DH, Weng Y, Wu N, Xia XM, Xie XX, Xu GF, Xu XP, Xu Y, Yan ML, Yang HX, Yang YX, Ye MH, Ye YX, Yu GW, Yuan CZ, Yuan Y, Zang SL, Zeng Y, Zhang BX, Zhang BY, Zhang CC, Zhang DH, Zhang HQ, Zhang HY, Zhang JW, Zhang JY, Zhang SH, Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Zhang ZX, Zhang ZP, Zhao DX, Zhao JW, Zhao MG, Zhao PP, Zhao WR, Zhao ZG, Zheng HQ, Zheng JP, Zheng ZP, Zhou L, Zhu KJ, Zhu QM, Zhu YC, Zhu YS, Zhu ZA, Zhuang BA, Zhuang XA, Zou BS. Measurements ofJ/ψandψ(2S)decays intoΛΛ¯π0andΛΛ¯η. Int J Clin Exp Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.76.092003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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1128
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Abstract
Background. RNA interference, a conserved mechanism in which a sequence‐specific gene‐silencing process is mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), is a promising method of gene therapy in treating a variety of viral diseases. Aim. To investigate the antiviral effects of siRNA on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) replication in Vero cells. Methods. The antiviral effects of siRNA duplexes targeting the VP16 and DNA polymerase genes of HSV‐1 were evaluated by yield‐reduction and plaque‐reduction assays. The effect of siRNA on the expression of target genes was measured by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Results. Two siRNA duplexes (siRNA‐1, targeting VP16, and siRNA‐4, targeting DNA polymerase), were found to be highly effective in inhibiting HSV‐1 replication. siRNA‐1 and siRNA‐4 reduced HSV‐1 replication by around 2 log10 and 1 log10 in the yield‐‐reduction assay and by ∼85% and ∼70% in the plaque‐reduction assay, respectively. Significant decreases in the mRNA level of VP16 and DNA polymerase genes were detected after viral infection in the Vero cells pretreated with siRNA‐1 and siRNA‐4, respectively. Conclusion. These results indicate that siRNA can potently inhibit HSV‐1 replication in vitro, suggesting that siRNA‐based antiviral therapy may be a potential effective therapeutic alternative for patients with HSV‐1 infection.
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1129
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Li G, Guion P, Ning H, Citrin D, Xie H, Capala J, Arora B, Camphausen K, Singh A, Miller R. A Pancreas Motion Study Using Automatic Image Segmentation of Time-Resolved, Single-Slice MR Images. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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1130
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Miller R, Ning H, Justus B, Huston A, Li G, Chang J, Capala J, Xie H, Citrin D, Camphausen K. Use of an Optical Fiber Dosimeter to Measure Small Field Output Factors in Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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1131
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Tang F, Qu L, Xu Y, Ma R, Chen S, Li G. Practical Synthesis of Structurally Important Spirodiamine Templates. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701571599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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1132
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Li G, Hu WZ, Dong J, Qian D, Hsieh D, Hasan MZ, Morosan E, Cava RJ, Wang NL. Anomalous Metallic State of Cu0.07TiSe2: an optical spectroscopy study. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:167002. [PMID: 17995282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.167002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Revised: 06/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report an optical spectroscopy study on the newly discovered superconductor Cu0.07TiSe2. Consistent with the development from a semimetal or semiconductor with a very small indirect energy gap upon doping TiSe2, it is found that the compound has a low carrier density. Most remarkably, the study reveals a substantial shift of the screened plasma edge in reflectance towards high energy with decreasing temperature. This phenomenon, rarely seen in metals, indicates either a sizable increase of the conducting carrier concentration or/and a decrease of the effective mass of carriers with reducing temperature. We attribute the shift primarily to the latter effect.
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1133
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larrat B, Chan QC, Yang XF, Li G, Yang ES, Fink M, Sinkus R. 8C-6 Anisotropic Viscoelastic Properties of the Corpus Callosum - Application of High-Resolution 3D MR-Elastography to an Alzheimer Mouse Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1109/ultsym.2007.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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1134
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Li G, Sokal I, Quinn JF, Leverenz JB, Brodey M, Schellenberg GD, Kaye JA, Raskind MA, Zhang J, Peskind ER, Montine TJ. CSF tau/Abeta42 ratio for increased risk of mild cognitive impairment: a follow-up study. Neurology 2007; 69:631-9. [PMID: 17698783 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000267428.62582.aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processes of Alzheimer disease (AD) likely begin years prior to the onset of cognitive impairment (latent AD), progress though a prodromal phase of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and culminate in dementia. While many studies have evaluated CSF tau and Abeta(42) as biomarkers of the dementia or prodromal stages of AD, we are unaware of any study to evaluate these potential CSF biomarkers of latent AD. METHODS We determined the ratio of CSF tau/Abeta(42) (T/Abeta) using Luminex reagents in 129 control individuals that spanned from 21 to 100 years of age; for comparison we included patients with MCI (n = 12), probable AD (n = 21), or other neurodegenerative diseases (n = 12). RESULTS We identified 16% of the control group with abnormally elevated CSF T/Abeta; all were 53 years or older. Using age-matched controls with normal CSF T/Abeta we showed that the high CSF T/Abeta subgroup of controls had significantly increased frequency of the epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene and significantly increased risk of conversion to MCI during follow-up of up to 42 months suggesting that they had latent AD at the time of lumbar puncture. CONCLUSIONS These generally applicable methods establish cutoff values to identify control individuals at increased risk of conversion to mild cognitive impairment which may be useful to people weighing the risk-benefit ratio of new preventive therapeutics and to researchers striving to enrich clinical trial populations with people with latent Alzheimer disease.
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1135
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Fu JF, Shi JY, Zhao WL, Li G, Pan Q, Li JM, Hu J, Shen ZX, Jin J, Chen FY, Chen SJ. MassARRAY assay: a more accurate method for JAK2V617F mutation detection in Chinese patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Leukemia 2007; 22:660-3. [PMID: 17728780 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- China/epidemiology
- Female
- Gene Frequency
- Genotype
- Humans
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/enzymology
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/epidemiology
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/genetics
- Janus Kinase 2/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Male
- Mutation, Missense
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/enzymology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/epidemiology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Point Mutation
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
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1136
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Li G, Larson EB, Sonnen JA, Shofer JB, Petrie EC, Schantz A, Peskind ER, Raskind MA, Breitner JCS, Montine TJ. Statin therapy is associated with reduced neuropathologic changes of Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2007; 69:878-85. [PMID: 17724290 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000277657.95487.1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors ("statins") has been associated in some epidemiologic studies with reduced risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, direct evidence of statin effects on neuropathologic markers of AD is lacking. We investigated whether antecedent statin exposure is associated with neuritic plaque (NP) or neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) burden in a population-based sample of human subjects. METHODS Brain autopsies were performed on 110 subjects, ages 65 to 79 years, who were cognitively normal at enrollment into the Adult Changes in Thought Study. Neuropathologic findings were compared between statin users with > or =3 prescriptions of > or =15 pills of simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, or atorvastatin vs nonusers, based on pharmacy dispensing records. RESULTS After controlling for age at death, gender, cognitive function at study entry, brain weight, and presence of cerebral microvascular lesions, the odds ratio (OR) for each unit increase in Braak NFT stage in statin users vs nonusers was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.20 to 0.95). The OR for each unit increase in Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) staging of NPs did not deviate significantly from unity (OR 0.69; 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.52). However, the risk for typical AD pathology (Braak stage > or = IV and CERAD rating > or = moderate) was reduced in statin users (OR 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.86). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate an association between antecedent statin use and neurofibrillary tangle burden at autopsy. Additional study is needed to examine whether statin use may be causally related to decreased development of Alzheimer disease-related neuropathologic changes.
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1137
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Li G, Satyamoorthy K, Herlyn M. Dynamics of cell interactions and communications during melanoma development. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 2007; 13:62-70. [PMID: 12097238 DOI: 10.1177/154411130201300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma development not only involves genetic and epigenetic changes that take place within the cell, but also involves processes determined collectively by micro-environmental factors, including cell-cell interactions and communications. During the transition from normal cells to benign and malignant lesions, and subsequently to metastatic cancer, stepwise changes in intercellular communications provide tumor cells with the ability to overcome cell-cell adhesion and micro-environmental controls from the host and to invade surrounding tissues and disperse to distant locations. Cadherins are major cell-cell adhesion molecules involved in the development and maintenance of skin. E-cadherin expressed in normal melanocytes mediates growth and invasion control by keratinocytes. Progressive loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin during melanoma development not only free melanoma cells from control by keratinocytes, but also provide new adhesion properties, resulting in switched partnerships with fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. The cadherin subtype switching also dictates gap junctional specificity in melanocytic cells during tumor development. This selective intercellular communication may contribute to the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration of melanocytic cells in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Abnormal up-regulation of the immunoglobin repeat-containing cell adhesion molecules Mel-CAM and L1-CAM potentiates invasion and migration of melanoma. Thus, abnormal expression of intercellular adhesion receptors and dysregulated intercellular communication underlies melanoma development and progression.
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1138
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Zheng Y, Li G, Chen M, Chan QCC, Hu SG, Zhao XN, Ehman RL, Lam EY, Yang ES. Magnetic Resonance Elastography with Twin Pneumatic Drivers for Wave Compensation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 2007:2611-3. [DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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1139
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Li G, Qi XP, Wu XY, Liu FK, Xu Z, Chen C, Yang XD, Sun Z, Li JS. Verapamil modulates LPS-induced cytokine production via inhibition of NF-kappa B activation in the liver. Inflamm Res 2007; 55:108-13. [PMID: 16673153 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-005-0060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of verapamil on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10)] and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) in the liver. METHODS AND MATERIALS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups of eight rats each: control rats treated with saline (0.9 % NaCl); rats treated with saline and then challenged intraperitoneally with LPS (10 mg/kg); rats treated intraperitoneally with different levels of verapamil (1, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) and then challenged with LPS (10 mg/kg); and rats treated only with verapamil (10 mg/kg). TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and NF-kappa B in the liver tissues were investigated as well as the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) one hour after LPS injection. RESULTS LPS alone stimulated production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10, and activated NF-kappa B in the liver. Pretreatment with verapamil before LPS challenge reduced acute liver injury, down-regulated production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6), up-regulated production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and inhibited NF-kappa B activation in the liver in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Verapamil can attenuate acute liver injury by down-regulating the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and up-regulating IL-10 in the liver, possibly via inhibition of NF-kappa B.
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1140
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Li G, Hu WZ, Qian D, Hsieh D, Hasan MZ, Morosan E, Cava RJ, Wang NL. Semimetal-to-semimetal charge density wave transition in 1T-TiSe(2). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:027404. [PMID: 17678260 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.027404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report an infrared study on 1T-TiSe(2), the parent compound of the newly discovered superconductor Cu(x)TiSe(2). Previous studies of this compound have not conclusively resolved whether it is a semimetal or a semiconductor-information that is important in determining the origin of its unconventional charge density wave (CDW) transition. Here we present optical spectroscopy results that clearly reveal that the compound is metallic in both the high-temperature normal phase and the low-temperature CDW phase. The carrier scattering rate is dramatically different in the normal and CDW phases and the carrier density is found to change with temperature. We conclude that the observed properties can be explained within the scenario of an Overhauser-type CDW mechanism.
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1141
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Ablikim M, Bai JZ, Ban Y, Cai X, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chen HX, Chen JC, Chen J, Chen YB, Chu YP, Dai YS, Diao LY, Deng ZY, Dong QF, Du SX, Fang J, Fang SS, Fu CD, Gao CS, Gao YN, Gu SD, Gu YT, Guo YN, Guo ZJ, Harris FA, He KL, He M, Heng YK, Hou J, Hu HM, Hu JH, Hu T, Huang GS, Huang XT, Ji XB, Jiang XS, Jiang XY, Jiao JB, Jin DP, Jin S, Lai YF, Li G, Li HB, Li J, Li RY, Li SM, Li WD, Li WG, Li XL, Li XN, Li XQ, Liang YF, Liao HB, Liu BJ, Liu CX, Liu F, Liu F, Liu HH, Liu HM, Liu J, Liu JB, Liu JP, Liu JLQ, Liu RG, Liu ZA, Lou YC, Lu F, Lu GR, Lu JG, Luo CL, Ma FC, Ma HL, Ma LL, Ma QM, Mao ZP, Mo XH, Nie J, Olsen SL, Ping RG, Qi ND, Qin H, Qiu JF, Ren ZY, Rong G, Ruan XD, Shan LY, Shang L, Shen CP, Shen DL, Shen XY, Sheng HY, Sun HS, Sun SS, Sun YZ, Sun ZJ, Tang X, Tong GL, Varner GS, Wang DY, Wang L, Wang LL, Wang LS, Wang M, Wang P, Wang PL, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang ZY, Wang Z, Wei CL, Wei DH, Weng Y, Wu N, Xia XM, Xie XX, Xu GF, Xu XP, Xu Y, Yan ML, Yang HX, Yang YX, Ye MH, Ye YX, Yu GW, Yuan CZ, Yuan Y, Zang SL, Zeng Y, Zhang BX, Zhang BY, Zhang CC, Zhang DH, Zhang HQ, Zhang HY, Zhang JW, Zhang JY, Zhang SH, Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Zhang ZX, Zhang ZP, Zhao DX, Zhao JW, Zhao MG, Zhao PP, Zhao WR, Zhao ZG, Zheng HQ, Zheng JP, Zheng ZP, Zhou L, Zhu KJ, Zhu QM, Zhu YC, Zhu YS, Zhu ZA, Zhuang BA, Zhuang XA, Zou BS. Measurement of psi2S radiative decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:011802. [PMID: 17678148 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.011802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Using 14 x 10(6) psi(2S) events accumulated at the BESII detector, we report first measurements of branching fractions or upper limits for psi(2S) decays into gammapp, gamma2(pi+pi-), gammaKS0K+pi-+c.c., gammaK+K-pi+pi-, gammaK*0K-pi++c.c., gammaK*0K*0, gammapi+pi-pp, gamma2(K+K-), gamma3(pi+pi-), and gamma2(pi+pi-)K+K- with the invariant mass of hadrons below 2.9 GeV/c2. We also report branching fractions of psi(2S) decays into 2(pi+pi-)pi0, omegapi+pi-, omegaf2(1270), b1+/-pi-/+, and pi02(pi+pi-)K+K-.
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1142
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Peretz M, Bogin O, Tel-Or S, Cohen A, Li G, Chen JS, Burstein Y. Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and expression of genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenases from the thermophile Thermoanaerobacter brockii and the mesophile Clostridium beijerinckii. Anaerobe 2007; 3:259-70. [PMID: 16887600 DOI: 10.1006/anae.1997.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/1996] [Accepted: 03/27/1997] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteins play a pivotal role in thermophily. Comparing the molecular properties of homologous proteins from thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria is important for understanding the mechanisms of microbial adaptation to extreme environments. The thermophile Thermoanaerobacter (Thermoanaerobium) brockii and the mesophile Clostridium beijerinckii contain an NADP(H)-linked, zinc-containing secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (TBADH and CBADH) showing a similarly broad substrate range. The structural genes encoding the TBADH and the CBADH were cloned, sequenced, and highly expressed in Escherichia coli. The coding sequences of the TB adh and the CB adh genes are, respectively, 1056 and 1053 nucleotides long. The TB adh gene encoded an amino acid sequence identical to that of the purified TBADH. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the TB and CB adh genes showed a 76% identity and a 86% similarity, and the two genes had a similar preference for codons with A or T in the third position. Multiple sequence alignment of ADHs from different sources revealed that two (Cys-46 and His-67) of the three ligands for the catalytic Zn atom of the horse-liver ADH are preserved in TBADH and CBADH. Both the TBADH and CBADH were homotetramers. The substrate specificities and thermostabilities of the TBADH and CBADH expressed inE. coli were identical to those of the enzymes isolated from T. brockii and C. beijerinckii, respectively. A comparison of the amino acid composition of the two ADHs suggests that the presence of eight additional proline residues in TBADH than in CBADH and the exchange of hydrophilic and large hydrophobic residues in CBADH for the small hydrophobic amino acids Pro, Ala, and Val in TBADH might contribute to the higher thermostability of the T. brockii enzyme.
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1143
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Li G, Zhang Y, Cheng KY, Scarpace PJ. Lean rats with hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin overexpression exhibit greater diet-induced obesity and impaired central melanocortin responsiveness. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1490-9. [PMID: 17505816 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Central pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc) gene therapy ameliorates genetic- or age-related obesity. We hypothesised that this treatment would delay or prevent dietary obesity in young, lean rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding Pomc (rAAV-Pomc) was delivered bilaterally into the basomedial hypothalamus of lean rats for 42 days. Food intake, body weight, serum hormones, brown adipose tissue (BAT) uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mRNA levels of hypothalamic neuropeptides and melanocortin receptors were assessed. Beginning on day 43, half of the rats remained on chow while the others received a high-fat diet for 89 days. We examined energy balance and responsiveness to the melanocortin agonist melanotan II (MTII) or the antagonist SHU9119. RESULTS Pomc gene delivery produced elevated hypothalamic Pomc mRNA (fourfold) and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone levels in the arcuate nucleus (twofold). Food intake and body weight were not altered by rAAV-Pomc in rats fed standard-chow. In rAAV-Pomc rats at day 42, perirenal fat and serum leptin decreased but overall visceral adiposity did not; expression of the hypothalamic agouti-related protein (Agrp) mRNA was elevated, whereas expression of melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor mRNA was reduced; BAT UCP1 protein increased nearly fourfold. The rAAV-Pomc rats fed the high-fat diet consumed more energy and gained more body weight compared with chow- or high-fat-fed controls that did not receive Pomc gene delivery. The anorexic response to MTII was impaired, whereas the orexigenic effect of SHU9119 was enhanced by rAAV-Pomc pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Delivery of the Pomc gene alters energy homeostasis in lean rats, predisposing them to diet-induced obesity. Diminished hypothalamic melanocortin receptors, increased Agrp expression, and potential rewiring of brain circuits may underlie the exacerbated obesity.
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1144
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Li G, Passebosc-Faure K, Feng G, Lambert C, Cottier M, Gentil-Perret A, Fournel P, Pérol M, Genin C. MN/CA9: a potential gene marker for detection of malignant cells in effusions. Biomarkers 2007; 12:214-20. [PMID: 17536770 DOI: 10.1080/13547500601068192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers cause malignant effusions. The presence of malignant cells in effusions has implications in diagnosis, tumour staging and prognosis. The detection of malignant cells currently presents a challenge for cytopathologists. New adjunctive methods are needed. Although the effusions provide excellent materials for molecular assay, the available molecular markers are extremely limited, which hinders its clinical application. MN/CA9 has proved to be a valuable marker in many cancers such as lung, breast, colon, kidney, etc. The present study was to evaluate MN/CA9 as a new molecular marker for the detection of cancer cells in pleural effusions. Seventy-one pleural effusions including 59 malignant effusions from patients with cancer, and 12 patients with benign diseases as a control, were subjected to RT-PCR for detection of MN/CA9 gene expression. MN/CA9 gene expression was detected in 53/59 (89.8%) pleural effusions from cancer patients (15/16 for breast cancers, 10/11 for lung cancers, 4/4 for ovary cancers, 2/3 for colon-rectal cancers, 5/6 for cancers of unknown site, 7/8 for mesothelioma and 10/11 for other cancers). Furthermore, MN/CA9 was positive in 13/18 (72.2%) of cytologically negative effusions of cancer patients. MN/CA9 was detected in only 1/12 (8.3%) effusions from the control patients (p < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of MN/CA9 gene expression were, respectively, 89.8% and 91.7%. Our preliminary results suggest that MN/CA9 could be a potential marker for the detection of malignant cells in effusions. A large-scale study is needed to confirm these results.
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Zou LY, Liu SR, Li G, Huang L, Yang ES. Melatonin reduced volume of cerebral infarct induced by photothrombosis in wild-type mice, not in Cyclooxygenase-1 gene knockout mice. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2004:4748-50. [PMID: 17271370 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1404314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is crucial in inflammation and plays important role in cerebral ischemia. Antiinflammatory effects of melatonin have been verified in previous studies. In this study, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored during operation, infarct volume (IFV) was determined with 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and MR image, and neurological functions were evaluated with turn in an alley and fall pole test in both COX1-gene knockout and wide-type mice with or without melatonin administration 3 days after photothrombosis. CBF reduction, IFV and neurological deficits were not significantly different in COX-1 wild-type and COX-1 knockout mice. Melatonin (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection decreased the CBF reduction, IFV and the latency to turn in an alley in COX-1 wide-type mice, whereas the neuroprotective effect of melatonin was attenuated in COX-1 knockout mice. We concluded that melatonin reduced susceptibility to photothrombotic stroke. COX-1 gene knockout does not alter the susceptibility to cerebral ischemia caused by photothrombosis. COX-1 plays an important role in the pathway of the protection of melatonin.
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1146
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Harada H, Kizaka-Kondoh S, Li G, Itasaka S, Shibuya K, Inoue M, Hiraoka M. Significance of HIF-1-active cells in angiogenesis and radioresistance. Oncogene 2007; 26:7508-16. [PMID: 17563752 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human solid tumors contain hypoxic regions that have considerably lower oxygen tension than the normal tissues. Hypoxia offers resistance to radiotherapy and anticancer chemotherapy, as well as predispose to increased tumor metastases. Furthermore, hypoxia induces hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which in turn increases tumor angiogenesis. Thus, eradication of HIF-1-active/hypoxic tumor cells is very important for cancer therapy. We have previously reported that procaspase-3 fused with a von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-mediated protein destruction motif of alpha subunit of HIF-1 (HIF-1alpha) containing Pro564, named TAT-ODD-procaspase-3 (TOP3), specifically induced cell death to hypoxic cells in vivo as well as in vitro. We now report that TOP3 also eradicates the radiation-induced HIF-1-active tumor cells. HIF-1 activity in the xenografts of human tumor cells, which express luciferase under the transcriptional control of HIF-1, were monitored and quantified daily with an in vivo bioluminescence photon-counting device. HIF-1 activity in tumors was more rapidly increased by ionizing radiation (IR) compared to untreated tumors. TOP3 efficiently decreased the HIF-1-activity in irradiated tumors as well as unirradiated ones, indicating TOP3 eradicated tumor cells with HIF-1-activity induced by IR as well as hypoxia. Eradication of HIF-1-active/hypoxic cells in the xenografts during irradiation exhibited significant suppression in angiogenesis and strong enhancement in a long-term growth suppression of tumor xenografts. These results further strengthen the argument that HIF-1-active/hypoxic cells play crucial roles in angiogenesis and radioresistance.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/physiopathology
- Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control
- Animals
- Cell Death
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/deficiency
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/physiology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/radiation effects
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Radiation, Ionizing
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control
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1147
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Chen Y, Li G, Yin S, Xu J, Ji Z, Xiu X, Liu L, Ma D. Genetic polymorphisms involved in toxicant-metabolizing enzymes and the risk of chronic benzene poisoning in Chinese occupationally exposed populations. Xenobiotica 2007; 37:103-12. [PMID: 17178637 DOI: 10.1080/00498250601001662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is a recognized haematotoxin and leukaemogen, but its mechanism of action and the role of genetic susceptibility are still unclear. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are involved in benzene activation; and NAD (P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) participate in benzene detoxification. The common, well-studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed in these genes drawn from the toxicant-metabolizing pathways. A total of 100 workers with chronic benzene poisoning (CBP) and 90 controls were enrolled in China. There was a 2.82-fold (95% CI = 1.42-5.58) increased risk of CBP in the subjects with the NQO1 609C > T mutation genotype (T/T) compared with those carrying heterozygous (C/T) and wild-type (C/C). The subjects with the GSTT1 null genotype had a 1.91-fold (95% CI = 1.05-3.45) increased risk of CBP compared with those with GSTT1 non-null genotype. There was no association of CYP2E1 and MPO genotype with CBP. A three genes' interaction showed that there was a 20.41-fold (95% CI = 3.79-111.11) increased risk of CBP in subjects with the NQO1 609C > T T/T genotype and with the GSTT1 null genotype and the GSTM1 null genotype compared with those carrying the NQO1 609C > T C/T and C/C genotype, GSTT1 non-null genotype, and GSTM1 non-null genotype. The study provides evidence of an association of a gene-gene interaction with the risk of CBP.
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1148
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Li G, Zeng Y, Chen X, Larmonier N, Sepassi M, Graner MW, Andreansky S, Brewer MA, Katsanis E. Human ovarian tumour-derived chaperone-rich cell lysate (CRCL) elicits T cell responses in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 148:136-45. [PMID: 17349014 PMCID: PMC1868858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-derived chaperone-rich cell lysate (CRCL), which is made up of numerous heat shock proteins, has been used successfully to generate tumour-specific T cell responses and protective immunity against a wide range of murine tumours. In this study, we have investigated the potency of human ovarian cancer-derived CRCL to activate dendritic cells (DC) and to generate tumour-specific T cells in vitro. CRCL was generated from primary ovarian cancers and SKOV3-A2, a HER2/neu, Wilm's tumour gene 1 (WT1) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 positive human ovarian tumour cell line. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both HLA-A2(+) healthy donors and HLA-A2(+) ovarian cancer patients were stimulated weekly with autologous DC loaded with ovarian tumour-derived CRCL. After four to six stimulations in vitro, specific cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity were measured. CRCL promoted interleukin (IL)-12 secretion and enhanced the immunostimulatory capacity of DC. T cells from healthy controls and from ovarian cancer patients secreted higher amounts of interferon-gamma following in vitro restimulation with ovarian cancer-derived CRCL than with HER2/neu or WT1 peptide-pulsed DC. We were also able to generate cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against cancer-specific antigens such as HER2/neu and WT1 from all healthy donors, but from only one of the four ovarian cancer patients with bulky disease. These preliminary results substantiate further the concept that CRCL may prove to be a potent adjuvant for women suffering from ovarian cancer and that this personalized vaccine may be a promising approach for active immunotherapy.
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Li G, Barthelemy A, Feng G, Gentil-Perret A, Peoc'h M, Genin C, Tostain J. S100A1: a powerful marker to differentiate chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from renal oncocytoma. Histopathology 2007; 50:642-7. [PMID: 17394501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The common subtypes of renal tumours are conventional, papillary, chromophobe carcinoma and oncocytoma. The morphological differentiation between chromophobe carcinoma and oncocytoma may be difficult. The aim was to evaluate S100A1 as a new marker for the differentiation of the two subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-nine tumour samples [nine clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), six papillary RCCs, nine chromophobe RCCs and 15 oncocytomas] were studied. The protein expression of S100A1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The gene expression of S100A1 was analysed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Nine oncocytomas showed strong immunoreactivity for S100A1. Four oncocytomas were scored as moderate and one as weak reactivity. In total, 14/15 (93%) of oncocytomas were considered to be immunopositive. In contrast, all nine chromophobe RCCs were considered to be immunonegative. There was a significant difference in the positive percentages of staining of S100A1 between these two subtypes (P < 0.01). S100A1 immunoreactivity was observed in 6/9 clear cell and 4/6 papillary carcinomas. The results of S100A1 gene expression corresponded well with the results of immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION S100A1 may be a potentially powerful marker to differentiate the chromophobe RCC from renal oncocytoma.
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Chan QCC, Li G, Ehman RL, Rossman PJ, Cao G, Li R, Yang ES. Shear waves induced by moving needle in MR elastography. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2004:1022-4. [PMID: 17271855 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a phase contrast-based method for observing shear wave propagation in a material to determine its stiffness. The objective of this study was to determine whether shear waves suitable for MRE could be induced using a moving acupuncture needle. Tissue-simulating bovine gel phantom and a 0.4 mm diameter acupuncture needle were used in the experiment. The results showed that observable shear waves could be induced in the gel phantom by cyclic needle motion. The observed wavelength varied with excitation frequency, as expected. Generating shear waves using moving needles may be a useful tool to study the basic mechanism of acupuncture with MRE. Further study will be conducted to observe the wave motion in inhomogeneous media and acupuncture-induced effects in in-vivo studies.
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