1176
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Singh M, Carlson JR, Briones M, Ugozzoli M, Kazzaz J, Barackman J, Ott G, O'Hagan D. A comparison of biodegradable microparticles and MF59 as systemic adjuvants for recombinant gD from HSV-2. Vaccine 1998; 16:1822-7. [PMID: 9795387 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant form of glycoprotein D from herpes simplex virus type-2 (gD2) was encapsulated into polylactide-co-glycolide (PLG) microparticles using a previously established solvent evaporation technique. The mean size of the microparticles was about 1 micron and high encapsulation efficiency of the antigen was achieved (70-80%). The microparticles were administered intramuscularly to Balb/C mice and the immune responses were compared with those obtained with the oil in water adjuvant MF59. The serum IgG response to gD2 induced by the microparticles was comparable with that induced by MF59. The serum neutralization titres were also comparable for microparticles and the emulsion. However, the microparticles induced a higher IgG2a isotype response and a more potent serum IFN-gamma response than MF59, suggesting a more Th1 type of response. The MF59 induced higher levels of serum IL-4 and IL-5 cytokines, suggesting a more Th2 type of response.
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1177
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Agarwal DK, Agarwal A, Singh M, Satya K, Agarwal S, Agarwal KN. Pregnancy wastage in rural Varanasi: relationship with maternal nutrition and sociodemographic characteristics. Indian Pediatr 1998; 35:1071-9. [PMID: 10216541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between pregnancy wastage and matrnal undernutrition and other sociodemographic factors in rural Indian women. SETTING Rural community of Varanasi. DESIGN Longitudinal observation. METHOD In 49 villages during 1988-92, 8111 pregnancies were registered to observe for wastage. The pregnancy outcome was correlated with various factors. RESULTS There were 1321 abortions and 141 still births. Women's income < Rs. 250 per month, education < 10th class and protein intake < 50 g/day had significantly higher relative risks (RR) (4.1, 2.9 and 2.8, respectively) for abortions. Poor maternal nutrition was in additional important risk factor, for still births (RR 5.1 and 4.2 for maternal weight and height, respectively). A pregnancy interval over 2 years reduced both. CONCLUSION Low socioeconomic status, chronic undernutrition and illiteracy in rural India are associated with high pregnancy wastage.
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1178
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Jagannathan NR, Singh M, Govindaraju V, Raghunathan P, Coshic O, Julka PK, Rath GK. Volume localized in vivo proton MR spectroscopy of breast carcinoma: variation of water-fat ratio in patients receiving chemotherapy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 1998; 11:414-422. [PMID: 10221584 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1492(199812)11:8<414::aid-nbm537>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Results are reported on in vivo volume localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of patients (n = 44) suffering from carcinoma of the breast, using a bilateral breast surface coil. Localized proton MR spectra of the unaffected contralateral breast of these patients are dominated by resonances arising from fat and are similar to the breast tissue from normal volunteers (controls, n = 13), while in the malignant breast tissues the water resonance dominates. On the other hand, the water suppressed proton MR spectra of malignant breast tissue reveal several metabolites of low concentration including the choline peak around 3.2 ppm and other resonances attributable to purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, in the 8.5 ppm region. Elevated water- fat (W-F) ratios are measured in the malignant tissues, compared with the normal breast tissue of controls and from the contralateral unaffected breast tissue of the patients (n = 11). In the case of patients receiving chemotherapy resulting in the reduction of primary tumor size, the W-F ratio shows a statistically significant (P < 0.01) decrease compared with the pre-therapy value, thus providing a non-invasive indicator of favourable clinical outcome of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer. The method provides the potential for non-invasively monitoring and assessing the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Abstract
A cohort study at a tertiary care neonatal service was undertaken to determine the neurodevelopmental outcome of neonates who required intensive care. One hundred and nineteen nursery graduates were enrolled for follow up if they fulfilled any of the following risk factors: birth weight less than 1500 g, Apgar score less than 4 at 5 minutes, seizure(s), and required assisted ventilation for more than 24 hours. They were subjected to periodic clinical evaluation and administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development in early childhood. Of the total infants enrolled, 101 completed the required follow up. They included 55 infants with birth weight < 1500 g, 45 with low Apgar scores, 12 with seizure(s) and 28 who received assisted ventilation. An overwhelming majority of subjects (85%) had normal neurodevelopmental outcome. The adverse outcome in the remaining 15 included mental retardation in all, subnormal motor development in 14, microcephaly in 1, hearing loss in 2 and visual impairment in 4. Among the neonatal risk factors, seizures, sepsis and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy had a significant association with adverse outcome. Despite serious neonatal morbidity, the early neurodevelopmental outcome of nursery graduates was reasonably good. The association of neonatal sepsis with neurodevelopmental sequelae merits a prospective evaluation.
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1180
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Paul VK, Gupta U, Singh M, Nag VL, Takkar D, Bhan MK. Association of genital mycoplasma colonization with low birth weight. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1998; 63:109-14. [PMID: 9856315 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(98)00135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to document the prevalence of maternal genital tract colonization by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, and to assess its association with low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity. METHODS The high vaginal swabs of pregnant women in spontaneous labor after 26 weeks of gestation were cultured for U. urealyticum and M. hominis. Clinical details and perinatal outcomes including birth weight and gestation were documented. RESULTS Of a total of 303 women enrolled, 148 (48.8%) had positive vaginal cultures for U. urealyticum, while only five (1.6%) grew M. hominis. The mean birth weight and the incidences of LBW and preterm neonates among ureaplasma positive and ureaplasma negative mothers were statistically comparable. CONCLUSIONS U. urealyticum emerged as a common inhabitant of the lower genital tract of women in labor, being present in nearly half of them. Its presence was not a risk factor of LBW or prematurity. Maternal colonization with M. hominis was uncommon.
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1181
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Chaudhry R, Sharma N, Bhushan S, Paul V, Singh M, Panigrahi P. <em>Salmonella</em> species in a neonate with necrotizing enterocolitis. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 1998. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v7isupp1.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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1182
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Wilkinson RJ, Wilkinson KA, De Smet KA, Haslov K, Pasvol G, Singh M, Svarcova I, Ivanyi J. Human T- and B-cell reactivity to the 16kDa alpha-crystallin protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 1998; 48:403-9. [PMID: 9790311 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The attributes of immunodominance, predominant expression during mycobacterial dormancy and restriction to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex make the 16 kDa protein an important candidate for the study of the immune response in humans. We therefore investigated the relationship between T- and B-cell reactivity to the recombinant antigen and disease in a total of 127 subjects. The percentage of T-cell responders towards both the intact antigen and its permissively recognised peptide 16p91-110 was highest in healthy bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-sensitized controls (96% and 68%, respectively) and lowest in those with extensive untreated tuberculosis (26% and 18%) (P < 0.001). By contrast, antibody levels (ABT50 > 100) were highest in patients with extensive disease (46-50%) (P < 0.005). There was significantly higher production of IFN-gamma in the BCG-sensitized controls by comparison with untreated patients (P < 0.05), but complete antituberculous chemotherapy abolished this deficit in patients. The significance of these findings to immunodiagnosis and protective immunity is discussed.
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1183
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Singh M, Corboy JR, Stears JC, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK. Diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis associated with multifocal CNS infarcts. SURGICAL NEUROLOGY 1998; 50:356-62; discussion 362. [PMID: 9817460 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-3019(97)00371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread dissemination of astrocytoma throughout the cerebrospinal fluid is unusual, especially as the initial presentation in a patient, and association with cerebral infarcts is rare. CASE DESCRIPTION A 47-year-old man subacutely developed progressive headache and backache, vomiting, altered consciousness, and numbness in both arms. Brain computerized axial tomography showed calcification in the fourth ventricle and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse meningeal enhancement, a lesion in the canal of Magendie, and T2-weighted hyperintense lesions in several locations. Angiography showed vasospasm/vasculopathy involving multiple cerebral vessels. Biopsy of the fourth ventricular mass revealed a subependymoma with an overlying leptomeningeal anaplastic astrocytoma with numerous Rosenthal fibers. The patient was treated with three doses of intrathecal methotrexate via lumbar puncture but suddenly became unresponsive and died 6 days later, 8 weeks after initial symptoms. Autopsy demonstrated the subependymoma and a widespread leptomeningeal anaplastic astrocytoma, which showed no clear-cut origin from the subependymoma, but microscopically infiltrated the left medial temporal lobe. Multiple subacute and acute infarcts of the brain, brain stem, and upper spinal cord were seen only in areas with leptomeningeal tumor. CONCLUSION Glioma cells surrounding and focally permeating central nervous system vessels without lumenal occlusion can lead to vasospasm and widespread infarcts.
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1184
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Rosenbaum DM, Rosenbaum PS, Gupta H, Singh M, Aggarwal A, Hall DH, Roth S, Kessler JA. The role of the p53 protein in the selective vulnerability of the inner retina to transient ischemia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998; 39:2132-9. [PMID: 9761292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the p53 protein plays a role in the selective vulnerability of the inner retina to transient ischemia. METHODS Transient retinal ischemia was induced using a high intraocular pressure (HIOP) model in the Sprague-Dawley rat for 60 minutes. Histopathologic outcome was determined 7 days after ischemia. In addition, analysis for evidence for apoptosis (TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end label [TUNEL] staining) and p53 protein expression (immunohistochemistry) was performed at several points during the reperfusion period. In a separate set of experiments, wild-type mice and two groups of transgenic mice, one homozygous and the other heterozygous for the p53 null gene, were also subjected to HIOP for 60 minutes, and histopathology was performed 7 days later. RESULTS At 7 days subsequent to 60 minutes of ischemia in the rat, there was marked thinning of the inner retinal layers. There were scattered TUNEL-positive cells within the inner retina, peaking at 24 to 48 hours and persisting for at least 7 days. p53 immunochemistry demonstrated elevated protein levels within the inner retina; this finding peaked at 24 to 48 hours but was no longer present at 4 days after ischemia. TUNEL staining of the inner retina of the mouse was most prominent 24 hours subsequent to ischemia but persisted at 48 hours. Seven days subsequent to 60 minutes of ischemia in the wild-type and transgenic mice, histopathologic evaluation demonstrated preservation of the retinal histoarchitecture in the heterozygous group compared with the wild-type or homozygous animals. CONCLUSIONS These data further support the hypothesis that the delayed cell death that occurs after transient retinal ischemia is, in part, apoptotic. In addition, they suggest a role for the p53 protein in the selective vulnerability of the inner retina to transient ischemia. p53 protein may be a target for future therapeutic agents in the treatment of disorders of the retina where ischemia plays a pathogenetic role.
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1185
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Chaudhry R, Sharma N, Bhushan S, Paul V, Chandel D, Mishra B, Singh M, Panigrahi P. <em>Salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg</em> infection in the neonatal intensive care unit. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 1998. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v7isupp1.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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1186
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Singh RP, Singh M, King RR. Use of citric acid for neutralizing polymerase chain reaction inhibition by chlorogenic acid in potato extracts. J Virol Methods 1998; 74:231-5. [PMID: 9779624 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(98)00092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenolics are a widely distributed class of plant constituents implicated in the inhibition of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Since chlorogenic acid forms the bulk of phenolics in the potato tuber, a range of chlorogenic acid concentrations were tested for inhibition of reverse transcription (RT) and PCR steps. The RT step was inhibited at chlorogenic acid concentrations of 6.0 to 7.5 microg, while the PCR step was inhibited at much lower concentrations of 1.2 to 1.8 microg. Incorporation of 1.2% citric acid at the nucleic acid extraction step prevented darkening of the extract and neutralized the inhibitory effect of chlorogenic acid.
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1187
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Singh Y, Jaiswal AK, Singh M, Bhattacharya SK. Effect of prenatal diazepam, phenobarbital, haloperidol and fluoxetine exposure on foot shock induced aggression in rats. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 1998; 36:1023-4. [PMID: 10356962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Different groups of pregnant rats were treated with diazepam (10 mg/kg), phenobarbital (10 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg), fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) and vehicle (normal saline) intraperitoneally once a day during gestation days 13 to 21. After birth these pups were culled to 8 pups/dam and foster-nursed by lactating mothers for 3 weeks and were reared in colony cages thereafter. Sex and weight matched pairs of rat offsprings were subjected to foot shock induced aggression test at 8 weeks of age. Two parameters of aggressive behaviour were recorded namely, the latency to fight and total number of fighting bouts. The results indicate that prenatal exposure to diazepam, phenobarbital, haloperidol and fluoxetine caused significantly enhanced aggression in terms of number of fighting bouts.
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1188
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Singh M, Juneja R, Bali HK, Varma JS. Autonomic functions in restrictive cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericarditis: a comparison. Am Heart J 1998; 136:443-8. [PMID: 9736135 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(98)70218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to analyze autonomic functions in restrictive cardiomyopathies. Restrictive cardiomyopathies have clinical and hemodynamic similarity with chronic constrictive pericarditis. Autonomic dysfunction has been described in the latter. METHODS AND RESULTS Autonomic function analysis has not been reported in restrictive cardiomyopathy. Six consecutive patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy were included in this study (5 men, 1 woman, mean age 35+/-5.4 years). The tests performed were designed to test the sympathetic efferent pathway, that is, by cold hand immersion and loud noise tests, parasympathetic efferent pathway by Valsalva ratio and expiration/inspiration ratio and the baroreceptor function by testing their sensitivity slope. The results were compared with 20 patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis and with 10 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects previously studied. The rise of systolic blood pressure after cold hand immersion and sudden loud noise was not significantly different compared with control subjects. The expiration/inspiration ratio was 1.1+/-0.01 compared with 1.57+/-0.1 in the control group (p < 0.01). The Valsalva ratio was significantly lower (1.1+/-0.04) compared with control subjects (1.83+/-0.1, p < 0.01). The baroreceptor sensitivity was not reduced compared with that in control subjects. In comparison to constrictive pericarditis, sympathetic efferent pathway is preserved in restrictive cardiomyopathy (p < 0.0001). The parasympathetic efferent pathway is borderline abnormal in restrictive cardiomyopathy but not significantly as compared with constrictive pericarditis (p=not significant). The baroreceptor sensitivity slope is normal in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy as compared with significant depression seen in constrictive pericarditis (p < 0.05). Autonomic functions are better preserved in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathies compared with chronic constrictive pericarditis. CONCLUSIONS Autonomic dysfunction is localized to parasympathetic efferent pathway. This is in comparison to constrictive pericarditis, in which severe autonomic dysfunction is a universal feature and includes all segments of autonomic nervous system.
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1189
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Khanna N, D'Souz P, Singh M. Unusual isotopic responses on healed herpes zoster lesions--report on two cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1998; 11:194-5. [PMID: 9784058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.1998.tb00785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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1190
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Hammadeh MY, Madaan S, Singh M, Philp T. Two-year follow-up of a prospective randomised trial of electrovaporization versus resection of prostate. Eur Urol 1998; 34:188-92. [PMID: 9732190 DOI: 10.1159/000019710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate (TUVP) has become a popular, minimally invasive procedure to treat BPH with promising initial results. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy, safety and durability of TUVP with standard TURP. We report the 2-year follow-up. METHODS 104 consecutive men with BPH admitted for surgery were randomised to TUVP (52 patients, mean age: 67.5 years) or TURP (52 patients, mean age: 70.2 years). 47 patients in each arm completed 2-year follow-up. RESULTS Follow-up data at 2 years show a comparable, significant and maintained improvement in mean IPSS (TUVP: 4.3 vs. TURP: 6.3), quality of life score (TUVP: 1. 1 vs. TURP: 1.7), and maximum flow rate (TUVP: 22.4 vs. TURP: 21.2 ml/s) with fall in mean post-void residual volume (TUVP: 18.8 vs. TURP: 22.8 ml). Postoperative impotence reported in TUVP: 17% vs. TURP: 11% (p = 0.49) and retrograde ejaculation TUVP: 72% vs. TURP: 89% (p = 0.47). Two patients in each arm (4%) had urethral stricture and 2 patients (4%) in the resected group had bladder neck stricture. Four patients in each group required re-operation for residual adenoma during the 2 years (4% in each arm each year). CONCLUSIONS Our 2 years' follow-up results suggest that TUVP is as effective as standard TURP in the treatment of moderate-sized BPH with comparable durability.
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1191
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Mittal RR, Gupta S, Singh M. Peripheral T-lymphocyte count in pityriasis rosea. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1998; 64:229-230. [PMID: 20921775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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1192
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Montemartini M, Kalisz HM, Kiess M, Nogoceke E, Singh M, Steinert P, Flohé L. Sequence, heterologous expression and functional characterization of a novel tryparedoxin from Crithidia fasciculata. Biol Chem 1998; 379:1137-42. [PMID: 9792447 DOI: 10.1515/bchm.1998.379.8-9.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tryparedoxin has recently been discovered as a constituent of the trypanosomal peroxidase system catalysing the reduction of a peroxiredoxin-type peroxidase by trypanothione [Nogoceke et al. (1997) Biol. Chem. 378, 827-836] and has attracted interest as a potential molecular target for the development of trypanocidal agents. Here we describe the first isolation of a novel gene from Crithidia fasciculata encoding a different tryparedoxin designated tryparedoxin II. The deduced amino acid sequence of tryparedoxin II (accession number AF055986) differs substantially from the partial sequence reported for the tryparedoxin described previously and now renamed tryparedoxin I. It shares the sequence motif Vx3FSAxWCPPCR shown to represent the catalytic site in tryparedoxin I [Gommel et al. (1997) Eur. J. Biochem. 248, 913-918] with mouse nucleoredoxin (accession number X92750), and a thioredoxin-like gene product of Caenorhabditis elegans (accession number U23511). Depending on which ATG is considered functional as translation start codon, tryparedoxin II, with 150 or 165 amino acid residues, is 50% larger than the typical thioredoxins. The tryparedoxins appear phylogenetically related to the thioredoxins, but sequence similarities are restricted to the active site motifs and their intimate neighbourhood. His-tagged tryparedoxin II expressed in E. coli exhibited ping-pong kinetics in the trypanothione:peroxiredoxin assay with kinetic parameters (KM peroxiredoxin = 4.2 microM, KM trypanothione = 33 microM, Vmax/[E] = 952 min(-1)) similar to those reported for tryparedoxin I [Gommel et al. (1997) Eur. J. Biochem. 248, 913-918]. The co-existence of two distinct tryparedoxins in C. fasciculata suggests diversified biological roles of this novel type of protein, which in trypanosomatids may substitute for the pleiotropic redox catalyst thioredoxin.
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1193
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Singh SV, Hu X, Srivastava SK, Singh M, Xia H, Orchard JL, Zaren HA. Mechanism of inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach cancer in mice by dietary curcumin. Carcinogenesis 1998; 19:1357-60. [PMID: 9744529 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/19.8.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), the major yellow pigment in turmeric, has been shown to inhibit benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced forestomach cancer in mice through mechanism(s) not fully understood. It is well known that while cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and epoxide hydrolase (EH) are important in the conversion of BaP to its activated form, (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene [(+)-anti-BaPDE], the detoxification of (+)-anti-BaPDE is accomplished by glutathione (GSH) S-transferases (GST). Therefore, it seems reasonable to postulate that curcumin may exert anti-carcinogenic activity either by inhibiting activation of BaP or (and) by enhancing the detoxification of (+)-anti-BaPDE. Administration p.o. of 2% curcumin in the diet to female A/J mice for 14 days, which has been shown to cause a significant inhibition in BaP-induced forestomach tumorigenesis, resulted in a modest but statistically significant reduction in hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, a reaction preferentially catalyzed by CYP1A1. While EROD activity could not be detected in the forestomach of either control or treated mice, curcumin feeding caused a statistically significant increase (approximately 2.3-fold) in hepatic EH and GST activities. Hepatic and forestomach GSH levels, and forestomach EH and GST activities were not affected by curcumin treatment. Even though the levels of various hepatic GST isoenzymes were significantly increased upon curcumin feeding, maximum induction was noticed for the pi class isoenzyme (mGSTP1-1), which among murine hepatic GSTs is highly efficient in the detoxification of (+)-anti-BaPDE. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that curcumin may inhibit BaP-induced forestomach cancer in mice by affecting both activation as well as inactivation pathways of BaP metabolism in the liver.
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1194
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Abu-Judeh HH, Singh M, Masdeu JC, Abdel-Dayem HM. Discordance between FDG uptake and technetium-99m-HMPAO brain perfusion in acute traumatic brain injury. J Nucl Med 1998; 39:1357-9. [PMID: 9708506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A 28-yr-old woman who sustained a mild traumatic brain injury had an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET brain study using coincidence imaging performed on a dual-head gamma camera (MCD version; ADAC, Milpitas, CA) followed 24 hr later by 99mTc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime SPECT brain perfusion imaging using a triple-head gamma camera (TRIONIX, Twinsburg, OH). The results of the SPECT brain perfusion study demonstrated decreased frontoparietal cortical brain perfusion, whereas 18F-FDG cerebral uptake was normal. Neuropsychological evaluation suggested frontal lobe involvement. This case demonstrates the possibility of discordance between brain perfusion and glucose uptake in acute mild traumatic brain injury.
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1195
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Sara A, Singh M. Plasma hormones, blood metabolites, milk yield and composition in early lactation of buffaloes treated with bromocryptine. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 1998. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1998.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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1196
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Crofts N, Costigan G, Narayanan P, Gray J, Dorabjee J, Langkham B, Singh M, Peak A, Aquino C, Deany P. Harm reduction in Asia: a successful response to hidden epidemics. The Asian Harm Reduction Network. AIDS 1998; 12 Suppl B:S109-15. [PMID: 9679636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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1197
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da Fonseca DP, Joosten D, van der Zee R, Jue DL, Singh M, Vordermeier HM, Snippe H, Verheul AF. Identification of new cytotoxic T-cell epitopes on the 38-kilodalton lipoglycoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using lipopeptides. Infect Immun 1998; 66:3190-7. [PMID: 9632585 PMCID: PMC108332 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.7.3190-3197.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by vaccination has been shown to protect against bacterial, viral, and tumoral challenge. The aim of this study was to identify CTL epitopes on the 38-kDa lipoglycoprotein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The identification of these CTL epitopes was based on synthesizing peptides designed from the 38-kDa lipoglycoprotein, with known major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) binding motifs (H-2Db), and studying their ability to up-regulate and stabilize MHC-I molecules on the mouse lymphoma cell line RMA-S. To improve the capacity of the identified peptides to induce CTL responses in mice, palmitic acid with a cysteine-serine-serine spacer amino acid sequence was attached to the amino terminus of the peptide. Two of five peptides with H-2Db binding motifs and their corresponding lipopeptides up-regulated and stabilized the H-2Db molecules on RMA-S cells. Both lipopeptides, in combination with incomplete Freund's adjuvant, induced CTL responses in C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) mice. Moreover, the lipopeptide induced stronger CTL responses than the peptide. The capacity of the various lipopeptides to induce CTL displayed a good relationship with the ability of the (lipo)peptide to up-regulate and to stabilize H-2Db molecules. The capacity of the peptides and lipopeptides to up-regulate and stabilize MHC-I expression can therefore be used to predict their potential to function as a CTL epitope. The newly identified CTL epitopes and their lipid derivatives provide us with important information for future M. tuberculosis vaccine design.
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1198
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Nagaprasad V, Singh M. Sequential analysis of the influence of blood storage on aggregation, deformability and shape parameters of erythrocytes. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1998; 18:273-84. [PMID: 9741668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hemorheological and morphological changes in blood during storage under standardised conditions for 35 days were analysed by sequential determination of the variability of aggregation, deformability and shape of erythrocytes. The shape analysis was carried out by shape descriptors based on the projected area and perimeter, as measured by processing of erythrocyte images obtained from blood smears. The aggregation of erythrocytes was analysed from the data on the sequential variation of transmitted laser intensity after passing through the erythrocyte suspension. Similarly, the deformability of erythrocytes was determined in terms of passage time as obtained by analysis of flow of erythrocyte suspension through the cellulose membrane. The results show that the erythrocyte aggregation parameters and shape descriptors show significant variation, whereas the deformability is reduced (up to 5%) compared with that of the fresh samples. These variations may explain the observed changes in blood viscosity and viability of erythrocytes after their infusion in to the cardiovascular system.
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1199
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Agarwala MK, Singh M, Grover A, Verma JS. Double chambered right ventricle. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 1998; 46:660. [PMID: 12152858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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1200
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Paul VK, Singh M, Buckshee K. Erythromycin treatment of pregnant women to reduce the incidence of low birth weight and preterm deliveries. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1998; 62:87-8. [PMID: 9722132 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(98)00077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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