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Paul J, Singh AK, Kathania M, Elviche TL, Zeng M, Basrur V, Theiss AL, Venuprasad K. IL-17-driven intestinal fibrosis is inhibited by Itch-mediated ubiquitination of HIC-5. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:427-436. [PMID: 28612841 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication in inflammatory bowel diseases, but the regulatory mechanism that inhibits fibrosis remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that Itch-/-myofibroblasts express increased amounts of profibrotic collagen type I and α-SMA in response to IL-17. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Itch directly binds to HIC-5 and targets it for K63-linked ubiquitination to inhibit IL-17-driven intestinal fibrosis. Reconstitution of Itch-/- myofibroblasts with wild-type Itch but not the Itch-C830A mutant normalized the expression of profibrotic genes. Similarly, shRNA-mediated inhibition of HIC-5 normalized the expression of profibrotic gene expression. Thus, we have uncovered a novel mechanism by which Itch negatively regulates intestinal fibrosis.
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Kryshtafovych A, Albrecht R, Baslé A, Bule P, Caputo AT, Carvalho AL, Chao KL, Diskin R, Fidelis K, Fontes CMGA, Fredslund F, Gilbert HJ, Goulding CW, Hartmann MD, Hayes CS, Herzberg O, Hill JC, Joachimiak A, Kohring GW, Koning RI, Lo Leggio L, Mangiagalli M, Michalska K, Moult J, Najmudin S, Nardini M, Nardone V, Ndeh D, Nguyen TH, Pintacuda G, Postel S, van Raaij MJ, Roversi P, Shimon A, Singh AK, Sundberg EJ, Tars K, Zitzmann N, Schwede T. Target highlights from the first post-PSI CASP experiment (CASP12, May-August 2016). Proteins 2018; 86 Suppl 1:27-50. [PMID: 28960539 PMCID: PMC5820184 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The functional and biological significance of the selected CASP12 targets are described by the authors of the structures. The crystallographers discuss the most interesting structural features of the target proteins and assess whether these features were correctly reproduced in the predictions submitted to the CASP12 experiment.
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Shahi N, Mallik SK, Sahoo M, Chandra S, Singh AK. First report on characterization and pathogenicity study of emerging Lactococcus garvieae infection in farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1039-1048. [PMID: 29473318 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
"Warm water lactococcosis" in farm-reared rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) in the northern Himalayan region of India, caused by bacterium Lactococcus garvieae is described in this study. Nine bacterial isolates were recovered from the organs of haemorrhagic septicaemia rainbow trout and were subjected to biochemical and molecular identification. Cell surface characteristics and virulence of the bacterial isolates are also described. All the nine bacterial isolates had homogenous biochemical characteristics and were Gram-positive, short chains forming (two to eight cells long), α-haemolytic, non-motile ovoid cocci. Partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence (~1,400 bp) of current isolates shared 99% identities with the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of L. garvieae R421, L. garvieae FMA395 and L. garvieae CAU:1730. The identity of the bacterial isolates was further confirmed by PCR amplification of L. garvieae-specific ~1,100 bp fragment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of one representative isolate, L. garvieae RTCLI04, indicates that the isolated strain lacks thick outer capsule and is of KG+ (non-capsulates) phenotype. An intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection (2.6 × 105 CFU ml-1 ) and also immersion in bacterial suspension @ of 2.6 × 105 CFU ml-1 to healthy rainbow trout juveniles (body weight: 27.5 ± 3.7 g) with L. garvieae RTCLI04 caused 80%, 60% and 10% cumulative mortality in challenged fish, respectively, within 15 days post-infection. The haemorrhagic septicaemic disease was reproduced experimentally. Histopathological examination of organs of experimentally infected fish revealed extensive degenerative and inflammatory changes in eye, kidney, gill and liver. PCR amplification of several putative virulence genes such as haemolysins, adhesins, LPxTG-containing surface proteins and adhesins cluster confirms the virulence of our Indian L. garvieae isolates. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting for the first time that L. garvieae is associated with fatal haemorrhagic septicaemia in farmed rainbow trout in India.
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Kemmanu V, Giliyar SK, Shetty BK, Singh AK, Kumaramanickavel G, McCarty CA. Parental inability to detect eye diseases in children: barriers to access of childhood eye-care services in south India. Eye (Lond) 2018; 32:467-468. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Singh AK, Kumar A, Honparkhe M, Kaur S, Kaur H, Ghuman S, Brar PS. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo fertilizing potential of buffalo bull semen frozen in egg yolk-, soya bean lecithin- and liposome-based extenders. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:195-202. [PMID: 29080291 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare different extenders for post-thaw in vitro sperm function and in vivo fertility of buffalo semen. Accordingly, sperm of 30 ejaculates extended in egg yolk (TRIS with 20% egg yolk; EY), two soya lecithin-based (SL-1; AndroMed® and SL-2; Bioxcell® ) and a liposome-based extender (LS; OptiXcell® ) were tested. The post-thaw semen was evaluated for computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), sperm viability, membrane and acrosome integrity, DNA integrity and acrosome reaction and first service pregnancy rate (FSPR) in a fixed-time artificial insemination programme. Total motility and VCL were the only CASA-based parameters that exhibited significantly higher (p < .05) percentage in LS among these extenders. Post-thaw percentage of acrosome integrity (55.9 ± 1.4, 58.1 ± 2.0, 55.8 ± 2.0, 56.6 ± 2.3) and DNA integrity (68.8 ± 2.0, 69.2 ± 2.3, 71.3 ± 2.1, 69.1 ± 2.1) did not differ (p > .05) in EY, SL-1, SL-2 and LS extender, respectively. However, a variable response in terms of efficacy of different extenders for sperm viability and plasma membrane integrity was observed. Assessment of inducibility of acrosome reaction showed significant differences between extenders (51.9 ± 2.1, 44.3 ± 2.4, 46.1 ± 2.3 and 58.1 ± 3.1%, respectively, for EY, SL-1, SL-2 and LS). Furthermore, field trials revealed significantly higher (p < .05) FSPR of LS-extended semen as compared to that for EY, SL-1 and SL-2 extender (46.3%, 41.2%, 31.2% and 29.7%, respectively). It is concluded that the liposome-based extender is more effective than egg yolk- and soya lecithin-based extenders and may be used for cryopreservation of buffalo semen in the future.
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Kaushik A, Jaiswal A, Singh AK. Correlation ‘K’ of foot length with crown rump length in fetuses : an anthropometric study from Kumaun region. NATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANATOMY 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/2277-4025.294774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Varenhorst AJ, Pritchard SR, O'Neal ME, Hodgson EW, Singh AK. Determining the Effectiveness of Three-Gene Pyramids Against Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotypes. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:2428-2435. [PMID: 29220517 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the United States, the primary management tactic has been foliar insecticides. Alternative management options such as host plant resistance to A. glycines have been developed and their effectiveness proved. However, the use of host plant resistance was complicated by the discovery of multiple, virulent biotypes of A. glycines in the United States that are capable of overcoming single Rag genes, Rag1 and Rag2, as well as a two-gene pyramid of Rag1+Rag2. However, current models predict that the virulent allele frequency of A. glycines decreases in response to the use of pyramided Rag genes, suggesting that pyramids represent a more sustainable use of these traits. Previous research has demonstrated that virulent biotypes can be effectively managed using a three-gene pyramid of Rag1+Rag2+Rag3. Additional Rag-genes have been discovered (Rag4 and Rag5), but whether the incorporation of these genes into novel three-gene pyramids will improve efficacy is not known. We tested single-gene (Rag1 and Rag2) and pyramid cultivars (Rag1+Rag2, Rag1+Rag2+Rag3, Rag1+Rag2+Rag4) to multiple biotypes in laboratory assays. Our results confirm that the Rag1+Rag2+Rag3 pyramid effectively manages all known A. glycines biotypes when compared with cultivars that are overcome by the associated biotype. Our results indicate that Rag1+Rag2+Rag4 would be an effective management option for biotype-1, biotype-2, and biotype-3 A. glycines, but had a negligible impact on biotype-4.
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Balhara YPS, Kalra S, Bajaj S, Kuppili PP, Himanshu D, Atam V, Usman K, Singh V, Chaudhary SC, Chakravorty S, Wakhlu A, Fatma J, Tandon S, Maheshwari A, Gupta A, Parvez A, Chakravarty J, Chaudhary RR, Singh AK, Sawlani KK, Mathur M, Soni NK, Gupta OK, Rai M, Agarwal S. Uttar Pradesh Association of Physicians of India Position Statement: Tobacco Use and Metabolic Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2017; 65:66-72. [PMID: 29327524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use is one of the main preventable causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The global disease burden due to tobacco use is huge with projected mortality of eight million lives per year by 2030. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined as a constellation of cardiovascular and endocrine risk factors such as insulin resistance, obesity, raised blood pressure, and abnormal lipid profile. The relationship between tobacco use and MS has been well established. Also, the causal association between tobacco use and development of individual components of MS is well established. The Uttar Pradesh Association of Physicians of India (UP API) has drafted this position statement on managing tobacco use among persons with or at risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome (MS). This position statement presents evidence-based recommendations as described below. Scope and purpose The objective of this position statement is to offer clinical recommendations for screening, diagnosis and management of tobacco use among persons with or at risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome (MS). The purpose of this document is to aid in identification and treatment of maladaptive patterns of tobacco use i.e. tobacco use disorder (tobacco dependence, harmful use, abuse) in person with or at risk of developing MS. Intended Audience The position statement is targeted at the clinicians engaged in care and management of person with or at risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome (MS). This might also be of relevance to the policy makers considering the public health burden of both MS and tobacco use disorders.
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Paul JT, Singh AK, Dong Z, Zhuang H, Revard BC, Rijal B, Ashton M, Linscheid A, Blonsky M, Gluhovic D, Guo J, Hennig RG. Computational methods for 2D materials: discovery, property characterization, and application design. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:473001. [PMID: 29022886 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa9305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of two-dimensional (2D) materials comes at a time when computational methods are mature and can predict novel 2D materials, characterize their properties, and guide the design of 2D materials for applications. This article reviews the recent progress in computational approaches for 2D materials research. We discuss the computational techniques and provide an overview of the ongoing research in the field. We begin with an overview of known 2D materials, common computational methods, and available cyber infrastructures. We then move onto the discovery of novel 2D materials, discussing the stability criteria for 2D materials, computational methods for structure prediction, and interactions of monolayers with electrochemical and gaseous environments. Next, we describe the computational characterization of the 2D materials' electronic, optical, magnetic, and superconducting properties and the response of the properties under applied mechanical strain and electrical fields. From there, we move on to discuss the structure and properties of defects in 2D materials, and describe methods for 2D materials device simulations. We conclude by providing an outlook on the needs and challenges for future developments in the field of computational research for 2D materials.
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Or-Geva N, Gidron-Budovsky R, Radomir L, Edelstein Y, Singh AK, Sidlik-Muskatel R, Ophir E, Bachar-Lustig E, Reisner Y. Towards 'off-the-shelf' genetically modified T cells: prolonging functional engraftment in mice by CD8 veto T cells. Leukemia 2017; 32:1039-1041. [PMID: 29151584 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Jagetia A, Singh D, Srivastava AK, Singh AK. The Department of Neurosurgery, G. B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi. Neurol India 2017; 65:1366-1377. [PMID: 29133716 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.217980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The history of the prestigious Department of Neurosurgery, Gobind Ballabh Pant Institute of Medical Education Institute and Research, New Delhi, a leading tertiary care centre, is presented. Its eminent faculty and outstanding patient care attracts patients and students from all over the country.The patients opt for this institution to get a standard of care that may be comparable with the highest standards prevalent; and, the students achieve their goal of getting excellent education in Neurosurgery at par with the best institutes of the world. The department has, therefore, over the years, established its place in the country as a premier training facility and an epitome of medical excellence.
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Swain DK, Narzary A, Singh AK, Chandra A, Nagasawa T, Yamamoto S, Mitsuishi M, Rath S. Observation of self-polarization in BSA protected Au 20 clusters. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:445704. [PMID: 28820424 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-protected gold clusters (atomicity ∼ 20), prepared using a wet chemical route, show strong dipolar radiative transition with a gap energy of 1.93 eV due to the high oscillator strength, as confirmed by the emission studies. Self-arrangement of the clusters with fixed atomicity yields a low dispersive dielectric and electric self-polarization nature. The electrical hysteresis loop measurements returned a remanent polarization of 0.05 μC cm-2, which can be correlated with the dipolar orientation (activation energy ∼ 45.32 meV), originating from the structure-dependent deformation of the charge density.
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Singh AK, Fulton Z, Tiwari R, Zhang X, Lu L, Altmeyer WB, Tantiwongkosi B. Basion-Cartilaginous Dens Interval: An Imaging Parameter for Craniovertebral Junction Assessment in Children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:2380-2384. [PMID: 28982790 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Widening of the basion-dens interval is an important sign of cranioverterbral junction injury. The current literature on basion-dens interval in children is sparse and based on bony measurements with variable values. Our goal was to establish the normal values of a recently described new imaging parameter, the basion-cartilaginous dens interval in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred healthy pediatric patients (0-10 years of age) were selected retrospectively. These patients were divided into 3 different groups: A (0-3 years), B (3-6 years), and C (6-10 years). The basion-cartilaginous dens interval was calculated on the sagittal MPR image of cervical spine CT in a soft-tissue window. The mean, SD, and the upper limit of normal (mean +2 SDs) of the 3 groups were calculated, and statistical tests were used to check for significant differences of the basion-cartilaginous dens interval among these 3 groups. RESULTS The upper limits of the basion-cartilaginous dens interval for the 3 groups were 5.34 mm in group A, 5.64 mm in group B, and 7.24 mm in group C. There were statistically significant differences in the basion-cartilaginous dens interval values among the 3 groups. There was no statistically significant difference in basion-cartilaginous dens interval values between groups A and B; however, values in group C were significantly different from those in both A and B. There was no statistically significant difference in the basion-cartilaginous dens interval values between males and females. CONCLUSIONS The basion-cartilaginous dens interval is a novel imaging parameter to assess cranioverterbral junction integrity in children, which includes the nonossified cartilage in the measurement.
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Menéndez-Conejero R, Nguyen TH, Singh AK, Condezo GN, Marschang RE, van Raaij MJ, San Martín C. Structure of a Reptilian Adenovirus Reveals a Phage Tailspike Fold Stabilizing a Vertebrate Virus Capsid. Structure 2017; 25:1562-1573.e5. [PMID: 28943338 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although non-human adenoviruses (AdVs) might offer solutions to problems posed by human AdVs as therapeutic vectors, little is known about their basic biology. In particular, there are no structural studies on the complete virion of any AdV with a non-mammalian host. We combine mass spectrometry, cryo-electron microscopy, and protein crystallography to characterize the composition and structure of a snake AdV (SnAdV-1, Atadenovirus genus). SnAdV-1 particles contain the genus-specific proteins LH3, p32k, and LH2, a previously unrecognized structural component. Remarkably, the cementing protein LH3 has a trimeric β helix fold typical of bacteriophage host attachment proteins. The organization of minor coat proteins differs from that in human AdVs, correlating with higher thermostability in SnAdV-1. These findings add a new piece to the intriguing puzzle of virus evolution, hint at the use of cell entry pathways different from those in human AdVs, and will help development of new, thermostable SnAdV-1-based vectors.
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Trehan V, Rao PP, Naidu CS, Sharma AK, Singh AK, Sharma S, Gaur A, Kulkarni SV, Pathak N. Hydrogen peroxide test for intraoperative bile leak detection. Med J Armed Forces India 2017; 73:256-260. [PMID: 28790783 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile leakage (BL) is a common complication following liver surgery, ranging from 3 to 27% in different series. To reduce the incidence of post-operative BL various BL tests have been applied since ages, but no method is foolproof and every method has their own limitations. In this study we used a relatively simpler technique to detect the BL intra-operatively. Topical application of 1.5% diluted hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to detect the BL from cut surface of liver and we compared this with conventional saline method to know the efficacy. METHODS A total of 31 patients included all patients who underwent liver resection and donor hepatectomies as part of Living Donor Liver Transplantation. After complete liver resection, the conventional saline test followed by topical diluted 1.5% H2O2 test was performed on all. RESULTS A BL was demonstrated in 11 patients (35.48%) by the conventional saline method and in 19 patients (61.29%) by H2O2 method. Statistically compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant difference (P = 0.014) for minor liver resections group and (P = 0.002) for major liver resections group. CONCLUSION The topical application of H2O2 is a simple and effective method of detection of BL from cut surface of liver. It is an easy, non-invasive, cheap, less time consuming, reproducible, and sensitive technique with no obvious disadvantages.
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Suhag V, Sunita BS, Vats P, Sarin A, Singh AK, Jain M. Clinical Profile of Pediatric Oncology Patients Treated by External Beam Radiotherapy: An Institutional Experience. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2017; 38:28-32. [PMID: 28469334 PMCID: PMC5398103 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.203497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pediatric tumors are a heterogeneous group of malignant conditions requiring multimodal treatment, and management of such cases is at time challenging. We present the clinical profile of pediatric cancer patients who received radiation, either alone or as adjuvant to surgery and chemotherapy; in prophylactic, radical or palliative clinical setting. Aim: This study was envisaged to review our experience of pediatric oncology cases, their clinical and morphological profile, dosage schedule of radiotherapy, and the therapy induced complications. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective, observational study carried out in an apex tertiary care cancer institute of government set-up in a developing country. Materials and Methods: The treatment charts and clinical summary of patients who had received radiation over the last 5 years period were retrieved and perused. Various clinical and pathological parameters were studied and inferences drawn. Results: A total of 50 patients got radiation over 5 year study-period, including 37 male and 13 female patients. The commonest age group of presentation was 8-12 years followed by 13-16 years. The mean age of presentation was 9.3 years. The most common diagnosis was hematological malignancies followed by CNS tumors with 21 and 13 patients respectively. Overall the most common indication of RT was in adjuvant setting after surgery as the definitive management, where 24 patients were irradiated; and the next common indication was prophylactic cranial irradiation in 14 patients of childhood leukemias. 10 patients tolerated treatment with Grade 1 site-specific or systemic toxicities while 7 patients developed Grade 2 and more systemic toxicities. 9 patients received craniospinal irradiation, common indications being medulloblastoma and Atypical teratoma rhabdoid tumor (ATRT). 3 patients received concurrent chemotherapy with weekly Inj Vincristine. 17 patients required sedation or short general anaesthesia for radiation planning and execution. Conclusion: External beam Radiotherapy constitutes an important component of management of pediatric cancers. One should be judicious in Radiotherapy planning, execution and monitoring acute and delayed toxicities.
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Kovil R, Chawla M, Rajput R, Singh AK, Sinha B, Ghosal S, Ballani P, Gupta S, Tanna S, Bandukwala SM, Shah T, Negalur V, Bhoraskar A, Aravind SR, Zargar AH, Kesavadev J, Das AK. Consensus on Insulin Dose and Titration Algorithms in Ambulatory Care of Type 2 Diabetes in India. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2017; 65:17-30. [PMID: 28457028 DOI: pmid/28457028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INSTRUCTION Insulin is the oldest of the currently available treatment options in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is considered as the most effective glucose lowering agent. Despite this, decision on starting insulin therapy is often delayed in India as well as worldwide due to various barriers at both patient and physician levels. Appropriate insulin dosing and titration is also critical to the successful achievement of tight glycaemic control. OBJECTIVE To provide simple and easily implementable guidelines to primary care physicians on appropriate insulin dosing and titration of various insulin regimens for both initiation and intensification. METHODOLOGY Each insulin regimen (once daily [OD] basal, OD, twice daily and thrice daily premixed, basal-plus and basal-bolus) was presented and evaluated for dosing and titration based on established guidelines, data from approved pack inserts, and published scientific literature. These evaluations were then factored into the national context based on the expert committee representatives patient-physician experience in their clinical practice and common therapeutic practices followed in India. RESULTS Recommendations for dosing and titration of basal, basal-plus, premixed and basal-bolus insulins were developed. The key recommendations are that insulin doses can be adjusted once or twice weekly; adjustment can be based on lowest/mean of three recent self-monitoring of plasma glucose pre-meal/fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values. The titration should be based on FPG or pre-meal value of 80-130 mg/dL and the dose should be reduced by 10-20% for patients reporting hypoglycaemia(<70mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS The consensus based recommendations mentioned in this paper will be a useful reference tool for health care practitioners, to initiate, optimise and intensify insulin therapy and to successfully achieve optimal glucose control.
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Rawat A, Chaturvedi S, Singh AK, Guleria A, Dubey D, Keshari AK, Raj V, Rai A, Prakash A, Kumar U, Kumar D, Saha S. Metabolomics approach discriminates toxicity index of pyrazinamide and its metabolic products, pyrazinoic acid and 5-hydroxy pyrazinoic acid. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:373-389. [PMID: 28425350 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117705426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazinamide (PYZ)-an essential component of primary drug regimen used for the treatment and management of multidrug resistant or latent tuberculosis-is well known for its hepatoxicity. However, the mechanism of PYZ-induced hepatotoxicity is still unknown to researchers. Studies have shown that the drug is metabolized in the liver to pyrazinoic acid (PA) and 5-hydroxy pyrazinoic acid (5-OHPA) which individually may cause different degrees of hepatotoxicity. To evaluate this hypothesis, PYZ, PA, and 5-OHPA were administered to albino Wistar rats orally (respectively, at 250, 125, and 125 mg kg-1 for 28 days). Compared to normal rats, PYZ and its metabolic products decreased the weights of dosed rats and induced liver injury and a status of oxidative stress as assessed by combined histopathological and biochemical analysis. Compared to normal controls, the biochemical and morphological changes were more aberrant in PA- and 5-OHPA-dosed rats with respect to those dosed with PYZ. Finally, the serum metabolic profiles of rats dosed with PYZ, PA, and 5-OHPA were measured and compared with those of normal control rats. With respect to normal control rats, the rats dosed with PYZ and 5-OHPA showed most aberrant metabolic perturbations in their sera as compared to those dosed with PA. Altogether, the study suggests that PYZ-induced hepatotoxicity might be associated with its metabolized products, where 5-OHPA contributes to a higher degree in its overall toxicity than PA.
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Srivastava SK, Shinde S, Singh SK, Mehrotra S, Verma MR, Singh AK, Nandi S, Srivastava N, Singh SK, Goswami TK, Bhure SK, Kumar H, Ghosh SK. Antisperm antibodies in repeat-breeding cows: Frequency, detection and validation of threshold levels employing sperm immobilization, sperm agglutination and immunoperoxidase assay. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:195-202. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brito IL, Yilmaz S, Huang K, Xu L, Jupiter SD, Jenkins AP, Naisilisili W, Tamminen M, Smillie CS, Wortman JR, Birren BW, Xavier RJ, Blainey PC, Singh AK, Gevers D, Alm EJ. Corrigendum: Mobile genes in the human microbiome are structured from global to individual scales. Nature 2017; 544:124. [PMID: 28329759 DOI: 10.1038/nature20774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Choudhary S, Arora S, Kumari A, Narwal V, Tomar SK, Singh AK. Effect of developed acidity and neutralization of milk on sensory, microstructural and textural changes in khoa prepared from cow and buffalo milk. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:349-358. [PMID: 28242934 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Khoa is a heat desiccated milk product which serves as base material for traditional dairy based Indian sweets. Sensory, textural and microstructural changes in khoa were studied to assess the effect of developed acidity and neutralization of milk. Noticeable changes were observed in sensory, textural and micro structural quality of khoa as affected by quality of milk. Lower hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and accordingly, gumminess and chewiness were observed in khoa manufactured using neutralized milk due to higher moisture retention as compared to control and acidic milk khoa. It was also evident from the Scanning Electron Microscopy that higher moisture retention in neutralized milk khoa resulted in elongation of native microstructure of khoa by suppressing the grain formation leading to smooth and plain surface while, developed acidity in milk resulted in greater granule formation in the resulting khoa causing shrinkage of native microstructure and acidic flavour in khoa. Similarly, acidification and subsequent neutralization of milk adversely affected sensory attributes of resulting khoa.
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Singh AK, O'Donnell KP, Edwards PR, Lorenz K, Kappers MJ, Boćkowski M. Hysteretic photochromic switching of Eu-Mg defects in GaN links the shallow transient and deep ground states of the Mg acceptor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41982. [PMID: 28155896 PMCID: PMC5290469 DOI: 10.1038/srep41982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although p-type activation of GaN by Mg underpins a mature commercial technology, the nature of the Mg acceptor in GaN is still controversial. Here, we use implanted Eu as a ‘spectator ion’ to probe the lattice location of Mg in doubly doped GaN(Mg):Eu. Photoluminescence spectroscopy of this material exemplifies hysteretic photochromic switching (HPS) between two configurations, Eu0 and Eu1(Mg), of the same Eu-Mg defect, with a hyperbolic time dependence on ‘switchdown’ from Eu0 to Eu1(Mg). The sample temperature and the incident light intensity at 355 nm tune the characteristic switching time over several orders of magnitude, from less than a second at 12.5 K, ~100 mW/cm2 to (an estimated) several hours at 50 K, 1 mW/cm2. Linking the distinct Eu-Mg defect configurations with the shallow transient and deep ground states of the Mg acceptor in the Lany-Zunger model, we determine the energy barrier between the states to be 27.7(4) meV, in good agreement with the predictions of theory. The experimental results further suggest that at low temperatures holes in deep ground states are localized on N atoms axially bonded to Mg acceptors.
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Rathee VS, HC V, Khan SW, Singh AK, Shukla PK, Verma A, Trivedi S, Dwivedi US. Comparison of Guy’s vs S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry scoring systems in predicting the success rate of PCNL. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415816689360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of the Guy’s and S.T.O.N.E. scoring systems in predicting percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) outcomes. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, between August 2013 and September 2015 in collaboration with the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging. A total of 100 cases of renal calculi operated on with PCNL were considered in the study on the basis of CT morphodensitometry. The study was approved by the institute’s ethical committee. Guy’s and S.T.O.N.E. scoring systems were calculated. Regression analysis and ROC curves were performed. Results: A total of 100 PCNLs were operated on. The overall stone-free rate was 90% with a complication rate of 17%. When compared to patients with residual fragments, stone-free patients had significantly lower Guy’s grade (3.5 vs 2; p < 0.001) and S.T.O.N.E. score (9.1 vs 7.5; p = 0.023). Logistic regression analysis showed that both Guy’s and S.T.O.N.E. systems were significantly associated with stone-free status, OR 0.96 ( p < 0.001) and OR 0.94 ( p < 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, both scoring systems were significantly associated with estimated blood loss ( p = 0.02 and p = 0.004). There was good correlation between both scoring systems and operative time ( r = 0.2, p < 0.002 and r = 0.3, p < 0.002) and length of hospital stay ( r = 0.1, p = 0.002 and r = 0.2, p < 0.002). There were significant associations between both scoring systems and complications ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in the areas under the curves for the Guy’s and S.T.O.N.E. scoring systems (0.96 (95% CI 0.92–0.99) vs 0.94 (95% CI 0.89–1.001); p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both Guy’s and S.T.O.N.E scoring systems have comparable accuracies in predicting post-PCNL stone-free status. Other factors not included in either scoring system may need to be incorporated in the future to increase their accuracy.
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Singh AK, Haldar C. Supplementation of corn seed with regular diet modulates immune function and antioxidant status in Capra hircus. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 101:1205-1214. [PMID: 28133830 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin modulates the functional activation of antioxidative enzymes to maintain the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the physiological system. Melatonin administration via subcutaneous injection increases endogenous melatonin concentration that has been used to modulate the immune function in rodents and reproductive activity in small ruminant like goats. However, to date, no report exist which could suggest the effect of corn seed supplementation on the endogenous melatonin concentration and its impact on cellular-immune function and antioxidative enzymes activity in any small ruminant like goats. Therefore, in this study, Zea mays (corn seeds), as source of melatonin, were supplemented with regular diet to explore its impact on endogenous melatonin concentration in goat, Capra hircus. Zea mays supplementation with regular diet for 40 days significantly elevated the endogenous melatonin concentration, proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and antioxidative enzymes activity along with total antioxidant capacity of the plasma. An increase in circulatory IL-2 and IL-6 level along with declined TNF-α, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide was noted with elevated endogenous melatonin concentration. In conclusion, it might be suggested that corn seed could be used as supplement to modulate endogenous melatonin concentration that may improve cellular-immune function and antioxidant status. The corn seed might also be included as nutraceutical in regular diet to maintain immune-antioxidant homoeostasis in other species.
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